Inter-storey floors in a private house

Mandatory element of any structure - inter-storey overlap. This is the loaded part of the building, which performs a number of tasks. Overlapping between floors in a private house share space inside the structure on independent zones. The inter-storey construction not only performs a separation function, but also heat the residential premises, absorbs noise, and also provides the rigidity of the building box. For construction, various building materials are used, which are characteristic of the characteristics and installation technology.

Inter-storey overlap of the house

What should be overlap between floors in a private house

Overlapping between floors is a responsible element of the structure to which a number of requirements are presented. The overlapping base must have the following properties:

• be durable. Under the influence of its own mass and loads from equipment, cracks should not appear and decrease the rigidity of the structure. The level of perceived loads per square meter varies from the functional purpose of individual rooms and is for attic rooms - 110 kg, and for the base and inter-storey base - 210 kg;
• through high rigidity. Overlapping structures link the capital walls of the building of the building in the total power circuit, providing elevated level Stability of the structure. Under the influence of efforts, a minimal arrow of the deflection is allowed for the foundations of attic rooms - 1/200 and for overlaps located above the basement - 1/250;
• reliably soundly insulated the room. The basis should prevent external noise access. The use of effective sound-absorbing materials and sealing of gaps in the docking sites make it possible to reduce the negative effect of noise factors and create favorable conditions indoors;
• reduce heat loss. The use of thermal insulation materials reduces the thermal conductivity coefficient. Thanks to a decrease in heat loss, the volume of expenditures on maintaining a favorable temperature decreases. The enlarged layer of the insulation should be installed above the basement, as well as at the level of the attic;
• resist the effects of open fire and high temperatures. In the event of a fire hazardous situation, ceiling overlaps in the house between floors should not be allowed to spread fire, temporarily localizing the focus of fire. Fire resistance depends on the material used and makes up for plastered structures from wood - 15 minutes, reinforced concrete 1 hour. Metal structures have a maximum threshold of fire resistance.

Overlapping between floors is a responsible element of the structure.

Overlapping between floors also allow to maintain an individual microclimate in each room, contain the penetration of moisture and functionally separate the structure into zones.

Ceiling floors in the house between floors - classification and varieties

The classification involves the separation of protective structures by the following features:

• placement location;
• primary purpose;
• constructive execution;
• method of facilities.

By placing, protective structures are divided into species that have the following purpose:

• attic. Heat insulation the living part of the structure, creating a reliable barrier with a cold attic. Constructed using insulation, which are not destroyed in conditions of high humidity and leakage of temperature. Include a layer of vapor barrier;
• inter-storey. Separate the inner space of a residential building on an independent room, each of which has its own purpose and is distinguished by a stable microclimate. Do not require the use of moisture insulating and heat-shielding materials and perform their main purpose associated with sound insulation;
• basement. Reliably isolate the base part of the structure that does not heal and residential Rooms. The insulation layer prevents thermal losses.

Basement overlaps

Depending on the design features of the overlap are divided into the following groups:

• beam. They are made in the form of horizontal rheglels, aggregate placed in an inter bullie space, and the material forming the floor or ceiling;
• bewish. They are made of independent panels from reinforced concrete, manufactured at enterprises, or individual plates, reinforced steel reinforcement;
• combined. This is a prefabricated carrier option made of power bars, between which one-piece blocks are placed.

Let's stop by constructive features Different overlaps, we will analyze their advantages and weaknesses.

In the structures of the beam type, the carrier element are set at an equal distance of bars, made of various materials:

• wood;
• metal;
• reinforced concrete.

Consider each option.

Beam overlaps between tree floors

Ceiling floors in the house between floors of wooden beams

Applying bars from coniferous and deciduous wood, you can build a wooden carrier construction. The strength of wood imposes certain limitations on the size of the span:

• for inter-storey bases - the maximum distance of 5 m;
• for attic rooms - span size up to 6 m.

Wood overlap includes the following elements:

• bearing bars;
• flooring;
• heat insulator;
• ceiling material.

Advantages of a wooden basis:

• ease of installation;
• ease of installation;

Wood overlap

• acceptable cost level;
• small mass.

Disadvantages of timber bars:

• combustion;
• gigroscopicity.

The impregnation with special compositions allows to reduce fire hazard and reduce sensitivity to moisture.

How to mount wooden overlaps

Installation technology provides for the following operations:

• Installation of bars impregnated with antiseptic composition.
• Fastening wooden pawing boards.
• Stacking vapor insulation material and insulation.
• Fixation of finishing floor and ceiling finishes.

To perform mounting operations, it is necessary to pre-calculate the need for materials.

Wooden beams have a small mass

Steel rolling used as beams, surpasses wood in terms of reliability, strength properties and durability, and also has a smaller, compared with wood, cross section height.

The advantages of metal, allowing to form enlarged spans:

• biological stability;
• durability;
• temperature resistance.

Weak sides:

• corrosion susceptibility;
• reduced heat insulation;
• low sound insulation properties.

In the intervals, concrete panels from porous material or wood shields with subsequent concreting can be laid.

Overlap between metal profile floors

The main advantages of reinforced concrete beams:

• increased strength;
• the ability to form spans up to 7.5 m;
• increased sound insulation properties;
• effective noise protection.

Disadvantages of elements made of reinforced concrete:

• the need to use lifting equipment;
• shipping costs.

The installation provides the following operations:

• Stacking elements per distance to one meter.
• Accommodation in the interbelny space of finished blocks.
• Sealing shutters cement mixture.
• Performing measures for thermal and sound isolation.

At the final stage, finishing is performed.

Overlapping between floors in a private house of reinforced concrete

Bearless floors between floors

By the method of manufacturing, boardless structures are classified into the following groups:

• composite. Mounted from individual parts manufactured, mainly industrially;
• monolithic. One-piece bases are concreted directly on the plot of work in a specially installed formwork;
• monolithic teams. Constructed from individual bars, the space between which is filled with reinforced concrete.

Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each option.

Prefabricated

Bearless overlaps between floors are formed from whole or hollow panels.

Advantages:

• increased load capacity;
• resistance to a wet environment;
• durability.

Pouring monolithic overlap between floors

Disadvantages:

• installation only using lifting facilities;
• the dependence of the dimensions of the building from the size of standard plates.

When installing the plates are installed on the cement solution. The size of the reference surface is 10-15 cm.

Monolithic design

Performed in the form of a solid reinforced concrete plate, a thickness of 10-15 cm.

The advantages of a monolithic basis:

• increased strength;
• performing work without lifting equipment;
• lack of seams;
• pouring concrete into a formwork of any form.

The only negative is the complexity of formworking operations and the cost of its construction.

Monolithic reinforced concrete floors

Collected-monolithic basis

The combined option provides for the use of porous or polystyrene panels, followed by the execution of the screed.

Advantages:

• increased thermal insulation;
• reduced base weight;
• installation without using lifting devices;
• accelerated pace of work.

Disadvantages:

• increased complexity of laying heat insulator;
• reduced span length;
• increased level of expenses.

In order to increase the reserve of the strength of the insulated base, the reinforcement framework is put on the pouring of concrete.

Conclusion

Overlap between floors can be constructed from various materials. It is important to choose the right version of constructive execution, depending on the characteristics of the building and the requirements of the project. Competently installed ceiling overlaps in the house between floors will be able to operate long, providing comfortable conditions in room.

IN modern construction For apply various materials: Steel, concrete, wood. This article discusses the device of wooden and. Wooden - apply in low-rise private construction.

For inter-storey overlap can be used reinforced concrete beams, wooden beams, as well as reinforced concrete plates.

Wooden flooring

We give them a brief classification:

1. The residential floor is separated from the basement with wooden basement and basement.
2. Residential rooms are separated from the attic set wooden overlap heat-insulated with a vapor barrier layer to exclude moisture.
3. Wooden floors with good sound insulation are used in the construction of cottages.

Boyful wooden floors are installed on the bearing walls with an interval from 0.6 to 1.0 meters. The width of the beam is selected at least 1/3, and at least 1/16 height, from the width of the span by calculation. From the shields (boards) when they are laying, the rolls are made. For strength, the beams with a cross section of 40x40 or 50x50 mm are chosen. As a sound insulation on the panel, the sand is sometimes poured, the insulation is stacked on top of it, and then flooring from the board. Installation starts the installation of beams using a crane (winch) on the walls of the walls. Manually isolate from walls of beams. Fasteners or nails join them to the main wall.

When using concrete structures, the beams of inter-storey floors are placed in a special binding an amplifying concrete belt. They are mounted by the "loyal" way: first put extreme, and then intermediate. When installing uses Waterpas (level), template or rail. For alignment of the surface of the inter-storey floors, the expanded trimming of the tree is used.

Blocks with each other are combined with special metal fasteners.

Applied with wooden beams should be made of high-quality wood coniferous rocks And well sucked.

The bar is desirable to choose a circular section - it bends less than rectangular and has a longer life.

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Application of concrete structures

Next, the device of inter-storey overlap from concrete is considered. They consist of the transmitting walls (supports) load of the carrier part and the so-called fencing (it includes ceilings and floors). Reinforced concrete mounted on wooden, steel, ceramic or Arosylicate beams. Installation of any kind is made using autocrants: for laid supports or walls with a crane, plates are placed and manually produce its fasteners to the walls (supports). If necessary, put the heat and waterproofing manually.

They are divided into types: prefabricated and monolithic. Reinforced concrete is checked according to GOST for rigidity, strength, durability, soundproof, thermal insulation.

In houses S. brick walls Use overlaps from concrete slabs with round voids. They are manufactured with a length of 4790 to 6950 mm, wide from 1040 to 2420 mm, with a height of 220 mm. Flat plates with a length of 2680-4190 mm, 1190-1450 mm wide, 120 and 160 mm high with a gradation of 300 mm can be applied. They are placed on a solution with a thickness of 10-12 mm with an attachment to supports with an interval of at least 115 mm.

With the walls, they are fastened with an anchors with a diameter of 8-10 mm through one plate (panel) in step 2400-3000 mm. Anchors are strengthened on the loop and are 250 mm at the laying (from the end of the panel). Then they are bended in 90 o 380 mm horizontally. They are mounted using cranes, and the seams between them are cementing with a solution of composition 1-3 by volume.

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Types of reinforced concrete flooring

The construction of reinforced concrete inter-storey floors used in construction are divided into three types:

• plates (flooring);
• large-panel structures;
• boy overlap.

The flooring consists of ribs or flat elements and are connected by filling the slots between them. cement mortar. They consist of two parts - concrete carrier with sound insulation and thermal insulation and gender. They are attached (refrigerated) to walls or runs. Empty flooring with a height of 155-165 mm are widely used at a run to 4 m, and with a larger length of the run with a height of 220 mm.

Structurally large-panel inter-storey reinforced concrete floors are with a floor of a layered structure and with separate ceiling and floor. In the thickness of each such block, sound and thermal insulation is installed. The ceilings perform solid, volatile and tent.

Reinforced concrete floors are reliable and very durable, fire-resistant and durable.

The reinforced concrete single-layer carrier panel is a constant secting plate with a flat top and treated under the color of the lower surface. Such a stove with a thickness of 140 mm closes the spans up to 4 m. With a larger span, pre-stressed single-layer panels with a thickness of 13-16 cm (can be used with a thickness of 18 cm).

Tent panels are plates with contour fence in the form of cornices. With their help (more than 6 m). For this, both flat panels with thicknesses from 14 cm to 16 cm are used.

The design and device of modern buildings makes it possible to apply the overlap of the precast concrete beams. They consist of actually blind-type structures and aggregate between them. To fill the gaps, use the rolls from the plates of 195 mm long and a thickness of 80 mm. These plates from plaster or so-called light concrete reinforced wooden frames From the rails.

For use the same plates, but with a thickness of 90 mm and a length of 395 mm, which are reinforced with steel grids. The seams are filled with cement mortar. Inter-storey overlaps are soundproofing, and the attic and basement - heat insulating (used by bulk sand or clay). When the reinforced concrete inter-storey plates are used in the bathrooms, waterproofing from 1-2 layers of the rubberoid pasted over the flooring with the help of bitumen mastic are used.

These are at the heart of Monier Plate, in which the reinforcement is inserted at the bottom in the stretch places. They are mounted by formwork. Overlapping the length of the span is not more than 1 m overlap. During construction, you can choose any of them. It all depends on your budget.

The floors between the floors of the private house should provide the required carrying ability, have sufficient rigidity, have a high degree of fire resistance, maintain heat and provide good sound insulation. When designing floors, the weight of the objects and devices will be taken into account, which will be in the room above and for which the overlap between the floors will serve as a floor.

If the attic and basement overlaps need to be insulated, as they separate the rooms with different temperatures, then there will be a sound insulation material on the overlap between floors in the private house.

Depending on the material from which the walls of the private house of the overlap between the floors are divided into:

There is still a formwork overlap, that is, the construction of the formwork, the laying of the reinforcement grid, is first, and the fill with concrete is carried out. In the view of the author of the article, this type of overlap is little effective and labor-intensive therefore it will not be considered. Although if anyone is interested in the Internet, it is enough articles on this topic and at the end of the article will be a video on this topic.

Overlapping floors from reinforced concrete plates when the walls of the house are lined with or bricks. Reinforced concrete plates are a design of concrete and reinforcing steel, which in the form of a stretched string passes along the plate. Given this, it is impossible to cut the plates with pieces, since the armature will lose its properties, which will lead to the weakening of the strength of the whole design.

Overlapping floors with plates from reinforced concrete

To facilitate weight, the slabs are made with voids inside a cylindrical or rectangular shape therefore they are also called "hollows". When mounting, reinforced concrete plates on the walls of the house are stacked by the transverse part, but in no way side faces. Before laying the slab, the solution is laid out, which is pressed with a stove. The extruded excess solution is immediately removed so that it is subsequently not frozen and did not cause additional work on its cleaning.

Reinforced concrete wetting plates overlap

The use of reinforced concrete slabs ensures the speed of installation of the overlap, is not subject to fire, does not require additional sound insulation, vaporizolation and retains heat between the floors. But at the same time, it is expensive pleasure that costs a lot of money going to buy plates and rent a truck crane. In addition, it is not suitable for private houses from and houses whose walls are lined with blocks. And yet: the size of the house around the perimeter and the inner partitions need to be "customized" under the size of the plates, and this is not always convenient.

Unlike floors of floors, wooden beam overlaps require additional insulation, there must be sufficient strength to hold the top floor items, the soundproofing device. However, despite this tree is an environmental material, the substances useful for human health have a relatively low weight, and if all the rules and rules of operation, it may be a long time. To this still need to add the absence of severe construction equipment when installing overlaps.

Wooden beam flood floors

The highest quality overlap is obtained using well-dried wood of coniferous cylindrical rocks. According to the experienced builders, the rectangular sections can be fed at the time, violating the integrity of the entire overlap. Why is this happening? The thing is that the rectangular timber is made of material close to the core of the tree, which is inferior to the external edges.

Block design scheme

Wooden beams on the bearing walls are stacked with a distance between them (beams) from 0.5 to 1.0 m, and the size of the beam itself should be in width of at least 1/3 of the span width and 1/16 height from the same span parameter. The most problematic place when installing the beams are the ends, which are closed in the outer walls where condensate is formed due to the temperature difference, the wood-affecting on the state of the wood is formed: the tree may make and destroy all overlap. So that this does not occur the ends of the beams turn into rubberoid or processed by a special means of rotting.

Before overlapping the floor of the beams are treated with an antiseptic, so that the material does not rot and insect pests did not boil

The laying of the bars should be carried out by the loyal method, that is, first the extreme bars are installed, and then intermediate. The entire installation process is controlled by the level in order to prevent any error, but for the uniform distribution of the bars (step), the template is used. If there is a need to align the beams use wood waste, but necessarily spotted. Outside the walls of the beams should not reach the edge of the wall by 3-5 cm: subsequently this space is filled mounting foam What avoids the harmful effects of atmospheric precipitation to the ends of Bruusyev.

It should be remembered that the beams located near the flue pipes must be isolated with non-combustible materials, for example, asbestos sheets.

Metal beam overlaps between floors

Overlapping between floors in a private house using metal beams (channel, a ductogrant, an ordinary rail, large size, etc.) is extremely rare, although they are more durable and have small dimensions.

Interlated overlaps made of metal beams

However, with the help of metal beams, you can overlap large spans up to six meters or more. In addition, metal beams are deprived of any flammability, but at the same time unsuitable when used in places with high humidityAnd also have low thermal insulation properties and spend sound well.

SPECIAL WORKS

Poporebriages Collected-monolithic floors are a rather complex design consisting of a reinforcing belt (crown), beams of overlapping, separating ribs, hollow blocks and a layer of concrete in several centimeters thick.

Collected-monolithic (special-platitudinal) reinforced concrete floors

The crown is a mandatory element of the overlap passing through all the walls of the house and enters them to a depth of 10-12 cm; The height of the reinforcing belt is 25-28 cm.

Overlapping beams are located in 50-60 cm increments and serve as the base for hollow blocks that perform only the function of filling space and do not carry any power load in contrast to the separation ribs that give stiffness to the overlap.

Monolithic overlapping

A layer of concrete, which is also called structural, fills the emptiness between the hollow blocks, forming the load of all overlap, together with the beam fittings.

The advantage of special-platoon overlappings is that it does not require a formwork device and the use of severe construction equipment in the form of a truck. The technology is rather progressive, but almost never used by private developers.

If you want to build a small cottage or a two-storey house, then you will have to face the problem of choosing a seating overlap. After reading this article, you will learn about what they are, as well as the advantages, disadvantages and features of each type of overlap.

Inter-storey floors are an extremely important part of the house, they should not only withstand substantial loads, but also differ sufficiently insulation. Agree, it is unpleasant when each step is heard on the first floor, which is done on the second floor. Also, interhesive floors are added to the fortress of the entire design and take part of the load on the deformation.

All overlaps are divided into inter-storey, attic, basements and basement.

What are the requirements of the floors between the floors?

Primary requirements:

• High strength constructionThat is, the possession of the bearing ability. This parameter must be calculated during the design.

• Significant overlap rigidity. Devices and associates, even minimal, can lead to the destruction of the whole house. The permissible magnitude of the deflection for inter-storey floors should not exceed 1 to 250, and for the attic - 1/200.

• The overlap must be maximum light, thin. It should not create excessive load on the walls.

• Intergenerational overlap must be a barrier for fire, that is, enjoy high fire resistance. This characteristic is regulated by fire safety standards.

• High thermal insulation properties. It is not always overlapping residential rooms, but can degrade the premises where there is a significant temperature difference.

• Good sound insulation. This parameter is extremely important, and you need to not forget that in this parameter not only the walls of the building are needed, but also intercharishes.

All requirements are mandatory, and are suitable for any type of overlap. Sometimes additional requirements are presented to inter-storey overlaps, such as waterproof, or gas-resistant, or a special appearance.

Types of inter overlap

By the design of the overlap are divided into:

• beam - they consist of carrying beams and aggregates;
• bewish - are made of homogeneous elements, such as panels or plates;

The latter can be:

• from wooden beams;
• with metal beams;
• with reinforced concrete beams.

In this type of overlaps, the bases are beams placed equivalent from each other. After installing the beams, the fill elements are laid between them, which play the role of fencing.

Inter-storey floors made of wooden beams

This type of overlap is most common in private housekeeping, in particular, with wooden, frame and even brick buildings.

Application:

• wooden beams are used as a seating overlap if the width of the span is not more than five meters;

• as an attic overlap, if the attic is not a residential and the span is less than six meters.

Most beams are made of pine or larch. On their top, the flooring is performed, which can be used as a rough floor.

The advantages of overlapping from wooden beams:

• the speed of installation - for the construction of such a design, special devices do not need;
• low weight - such a flooding will not create a significant load on the walls of the house;
• ecology - the tree does not carry any harmful substances.

Disadvantages:

• weak fire resistance - even with good processing, the tree will still light up;
• there is a chance of getting beams or defeat their core;
• such a ceiling will not be able to withstand significant loads.

Ballery overlapping consists of beams, gender, rugged and insulation.

Interlated overlaps made by metal beams

If you compare them with the previous type, then they are more reliable, durable and essentially thinner. True, the overlapping of this species is not so often built. As aggregate uses light concrete inserts, wooden riquges or shields, or plates from reinforced concrete.

A boutique, rolling profile, a corner or channel is used as the carrier element of this overlap.

Advantages of floor beams:

• it is possible to overlap a large span (from 6 meters);
• metal beams are not burning, do not rot, no beetle is not terrible;
• they are very durable.

Negative sides:

• from moisture metal rust;
• metal beams have low indicators of sound and thermal insulation;
• the huge weight of such overlap is one square meter can weigh more than 400 kilograms.

So that the metal beams "ringing" are not so strong, their ends can be wrapped with felt.

Overlapping between floors from reinforced concrete beams

Such overlaps are elevated if the span is from 3 to 8 meters. Do not lift them with your hands, so you must use the crane. The weight of one beam can reach 400 kilograms.

The advantages of the overlaps of this type:

• you can overlap long distances compared to wooden;
• they have higher parameters of heat and noise insulation than overlaps on metal beams.

Disadvantages:

• huge weight and inability to install manually, only with the use of special equipment.

Bidless interhesive floors

Such overlaps are devoid of the so-called frame and are created using homogeneous elements. The latter fit close one to another. Plates or panels are used as elements. They represent monolithic slabwhich is simultaneously carrier and enclosing design.

Types of boiled overlaps:

• prefabricated;
• monolithic;
• collected-monolithic.

This type of overlap has acquired the greatest popularity when the brick structures are erected. For the construction of overlapping of this type, two types of panels are used:

• solid - are made of light concrete;
• multi-profular - They do holes that act as "rigidity edges".

Positive qualities of prefabricated floors:

• they are more durable than wooden, and not subject to rotting, corrosion, are not afraid of various bacteria;
• excellent strength - they are able to withstand a significant burden, up to 200 kg / m2.

Negative sides:

• since they have a considerable weight, when they are installed, do not do without special equipment;
• plates are usually made only with standard dimensions, Therefore, may not come up.

Build overlapping of this type is quite expensive pleasure, but you pay for quality and durability.

Unlike the previous type, they can be any shape and sizes. The monolithic interhesion is a solid stove, having a thickness of 8 to 12 centimeters, made from concrete M200. Weight of one square meter Such a design can reach 500 kilograms.

The advantages of monolithic overlaps:

• high surface quality;
• no need to carry out additional loading and unloading operations;
• no need to close the seams;
• the ability to order such a overlap, which you can naughntage.

Disadvantages:

• mandatory need to install a wooden formwork;
• very heavy, so the load on the walls increases;
• pretty high price.

Collected monolithic floors between floors

This type refers to modern developments. In it, the inter-bull space is filled with hollow blocks, and then the entire design is poured with concrete.

The positive parties of collecting-monolithic floors include:

• smaller weight than reinforced concrete, so you can do without special equipment;
• good heat insulating characteristics;
• the ability to create overlaps of complex shape.

Negative moments:

• the inexpediency of use in low-rise construction, as the process of erection of such a construction is quite time consuming.

The selection of overlapping mostly depends on the sizes of the spans and the material from which the house is built. For light wooden and frame structures Wooden beam overlaps are suitable, and for heavy bricks it is better to use overlaps of metal beams or reinforced concrete. In any case, it is not necessary to save on it and during the design it is better to consult with a specialist about the selection of overlap.

Video: Soundproofing overlaps on the example of a wooden house

Marking of various types of foundation under the house

In private low-rise construction, massive reinforced concrete plates, preferring structures based on wooden beams rarely use the device for inter-storey floors. The advantage of such bearing structures is in the relative simplicity of their construction, lightweight and sufficient strength. Further learn what material will be needed to create the overlap, and how the installation of the design is carried out in practice.

The circuit of the inter-storey partition - from the base to finishing

The basis of overlapped in private houses is based on. These types of sawn timber can be used in their capacity:

• timber (massive, glued);
• rounded (calibrated) log;
• boards stitched with nails, bolts or screws.

Listed timber should be made of coniferous wood, such as larch or pine. Spruce lumber is less durable due to the large content of borties, so used as a small length beams. The bars and logs of hardwood as the foundations of the floors are not used, having low bending strength. The use of such a material will inevitably lead to the deformation of the structure under the influence of the vertical load.

To create a solid black surface of the beam on both sides, they are trimmed with a board or plates (OSB, plywood). From the side of the lower floor, the ceiling is formed in the future ( plastic panels, plasterboard, wooden lining) on \u200b\u200bthe second floor. Floors of the second floor wooden beams They can be laid directly on the plates, the boards that the carrier elements of the overlaps are squeezed, or by additionally installed lags.

The beams are mounted with a certain step, which causes the presence of voids between overlapping. This feature is used to bookmark into the empty space of materials with sound insulation and heat-saving properties. If wooden floors share residential premises, their thermal insulation is not required - more urgent in this case. When the inter-storey partition shares heated space with a non-residential attic, in the foreground there is a task of reliable overlap warming.

The most reliable sound insulation material is mineral wool low density. To create a thermal insulation barrier, polymer insulation are often used (foam, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane foam) or the same basalt wool. When used as a heater or sound insulation material of mineral (basalt) wool, vaporizolation from the lower room and waterproofing from above is required.

Calculate the beams - section, step, length

In order for the wooden overlap between the floors to be reliable, safe in operation and withstood the alleged loads on its surface, it is necessary to correctly calculate which location of the beams is necessary and with what step to position them. It is clear that the thicker the timber or log, the greater the flexural strength they have. The strength of the entire inter-storey construction depends not only on the section of the beams, but also on the frequency of their location. The normal step of carrier elements of overlappings is the distance from 0.6 to 1 meter. The beams are less likely to place, more often - not rational.

The strength of the beam with the same section decreases inversely proportional to the distance between its supports, that is, carriage walls, therefore the thickness of the main elements of wooden floors increases with their necessary length. The normal distance between the supporting walls is considered to be 4 meters and less. With a larger span, you have to use non-standard beams with an enlarged cross section or reduce their step. Sometimes additional reference structures (columns) are installed to enhance the overlaps.

The bars are preferably used bars having a rectangle shape in the end, and the installation of carrier elements is carried out so that the large side of the cross section is vertically. Normal sections of BRUSEV are considered 16-24 cm on the vertical side in cross-section and 5-16 cm - horizontal. The boards bonded among themselves also form a bar, but the strength of such a tandem is somewhat lower than that of a solid wooden part, which is taken into account when calculating the load on wooden floors. The most irrational type of sawn timber, which is used as carrier beams, is considered a log, which has about the same strength as a conditional bar, which could turn out when processing rounded, but much more weight.

The accurate calculation of the permissible load on the beam overlap is the lot of professional builders engineers. To calculate the estimated strength of the ceilings, very complex formulas are used to operate which people can special education. However, there are tables, with the help of which it is possible to approximate the section of wooden beams, depending on the distance between the supports and the pitch of the bearing elements of the overlap. For example, with a span between the supporting walls 2 m, the timing of 75x100 is recommended for step 60 cm and 75x150 at a distance between the beams 100 cm. At the same distance between the supports, the logs of diameter 13 cm (step 1 m) and 11 cm (step 0.6 m).

These sections of carrier sawn timber are valid when operating load on overlap, not exceeding 400 kg / m 2. Such a load is calculated in the case of a device on the second floor of a full-fledged residential space. If the overlaps are separated by the lower rooms from a non-residential attic, it is based on the load of 160 kg / m 2, in which the cross section of carrier beams is reduced accordingly. If, in a certain section of the floor of the second floor, an increased concentrated load is assumed (installation of massive objects), additional overlap beams are installed in this place.

Methods for fastening bearing elements to walls - reliable fixation

Most. best way Installations of wooden floors between floors is the establishment of beams into special niches that are formed when the walls are erected. Bearing logs or bars are at least 12 cm on the walls on each side, which ensures reliable support for overlapping. This method is relevant when building walls from any building materials - in brick houseIn a building from building blocks or made by wooden materials.

Niches for installing bars or logs are made more than the cross-section of sawn timber. This is necessary for their proper installation in the nest and the possibility of placing in one horizontal plane. Plots of beams that fit into the walls are first treated with antiseptic impregnations, then cooked with bitumen mastic, after which they turn into a rolled waterproofing material in two layers. The end part of the beam is cut at an angle and is not isolated. It is necessary to ensure the free exit of steam generated when heating wood.

The wooden beam processed and protected from moisture is installed in a wall niche so that there is no direct contact with the building material used to build walls. From the bottom under the log or the timber, the wood fragment treated with protective impregnations, from the sides and from the end of the shutters left for ventilation, fill the packles or glass gambled. To increase the strength and reliability of the overlap, each fourth-fifth beam attracts to the bearing wall using anchor joint for this.

The establishment of beams in wall niches is a classic way that has proven its reliability of many years of exploitation. But this method of fastening the bearing elements of inter-storey floors can only at the construction stage of the house. To secure the beams to the lined walls, special metal fasteners are used, which are a kind of case for a bar. Such details are first attached to the walls, then the carrier elements of overlapping are becoming in them and fixed by bolts or screws.

The second method of fastening wooden beam is considered more technological, the process of the ceiling device is carried out faster. But if you take into account the reliability of the compound, the classic method involving the support of Bruusyev or logs directly on the bearing walls is out of competition.

Creating overlaps between the first and second floor

The wooden overlap device between the floors occurs in several stages separated by time. If the installation of beams are made when the walls are erected, then their further roughing, heat insulation of overlaps, the ceiling finishing on the first floor and the floor on the second is much later when the house is built and covered.

The installation of beams is usually produced when the walls are raised to the level of one floor. The masonry of the walls, made around the perimeter, and the erected carriers are a horizontal basis for which it is convenient to upload wooden bars With minimal fit to them one level. First, the extreme beams are installed, which are placed, not reaching 5 cm to the vertical surface of the walls. Them mutual arrangement When installing is monitored by water level or laser level. Intermediate bearing elements of inter-storey construction are exhibited in a horizontal plane in a guide - stretched between the extreme bars of the thread or a long bar installed on top.

Before installing sawn timber are processed by antiseptics and solutions (over the entire surface), which reduces the ability of wood to burn. The edges of the beams stacked on the walls are processed as described in the previous section. So that the bars are not shifted, they are often fixed to the walls of clamps or wire, after which the laying of the walls of the second floor continues, in the process of which lumber is fixed finally. Not reaching one or two rows before the final level of the walls (depending on the masonry system used), exactly also lay the overlap of the second floor on wooden beams. After the masonry, we complete, bypassing the installed bars, and form a reinforced concrete reinforced belt, which is the basis for the start of the roof design (Maurolalat).

The beams are the basis of overlaps, their carrier part. To make the basis for finishing on both floors, it is necessary to create a solid black surface, without forgetting to insulate (soundly insulated) overlapping and lay, if necessary, vapor-hydro insulation. It is done in such a sequence.

1. 1. We make russum from below. To do this, it is better to use the boards (you can not edged), which are climbing the light across the beams, fixing them with self-draws. If a layer of vapor insulating material (film) is required, it is attached to the bearing bars of overlapping before forming the roll.
2. 2. The next stage of work is made from the side of the upper floor and is to bookmark heat insulating materialwhich fill the spaces between the beams.
3. 3. After laying the insulation (soundproofer), we form a layer of waterproofing and we are cutting. From the side of the top floor to sow a bars with more profitable OSB or plywood plates, which will immediately create the base for laying the finish outdoor material. If you use low-quality boards, you will have to additionally install lags and form an outdoor coating on them.

From the side of the lower floor there is a doom on the basis of a rollover boards, which is trimmed with plasterboard, decorative or other finishing material. On the top floor is made of flooring (laying) of the finishing floor covering.