Cheaper everything costs monolithic slab overlapwhen erecting a building do it yourselfIf you pour it into a formwork at the place. It is slightly inferior to the industrial PC plates, but it has a greater thickness, which is due to unwired fittings.

Monolithic overlapping technology

Consists floor slabof the reinforced concrete, which must be pouring into a formwork, which will not work, deformed under load. For construction do it yourselfit will take a lumber, tools for cutting, fitting, assembling shields. After the platform, it can be used in the rafter system.

The valve is consumable, communications also remain concreted. The most difficult is the stove of overlapping basement due to numerous entry nodes of engineering systems. The technology consists of several operations, each of which is discussed in detail below.

Installation of formwork

To floor slabhad a stable geometry, the perfect flatness of both surfaces, must be mounted do it yourselfreliable formwork with a reserve of strength at least twice. Cheaper Distribute Lumber:

• board 20 x 5 cm - racks, runs, beams
• "Inch" board - 25 mm thickness, width of any

For the manufacture of beams, the running board 20 x 5 cm is dissolved in half, for the racks - for three parts (65 x 50 mm each). To enhance the design you will need an inches. Wood II of grade II, which, when reinforced, withstands 700 kg per square.

Fall floor slabin the formwork, the lower shield of which serves as a ceiling level. The racks are knocked in short on the thickness of the beams + runs + boards of shields (10 + 10 + 2.5 cm) than the height of the floor. The design has the form:

In the locations of the runs, the beams to the walls of the lower level are used anchors with a hexagon head. Ordinary dowel-nails with a slot under a curly screwdriver cannot be dismantled during the platform.

To prevent the lower end of the racks, the bending of these elements is in the middle of a two-tier strapping do it yourselfinch, two directions. The lower belt is attached at an altitude of 10 cm from the floor, the top in the middle of the racks.

At the specified step of the runs 1 m floor slabproduce formwork shields. Therefore, each span is enhanced by a 10 x 5 cm timber obtained during the dissolution of the board. The wide 25 mm boards is better to use in the walls, it is narrow to fill out the average space.

Large gaps are fought do it yourself You can not pay attention to small, as the surface is covered polyethylene filmwhich will keep moisture in concrete, will not allow you to pour it through small gaps.

For staircase marches Internal communications remains opening. It can be partially filled with a board for comfortable walking when pouring, leaving a small hatch with a temporary dormitory staircase. When using multi-layer plywood, the installation time is reduced, but the estimate increases twice.

At the last stage, the paint is placed the contours of partitions, walls. This will increase the accuracy of the passage of electricians, other engineering systems.

Flashing overlap produced do it yourself From a 4 cm thick boards, you can use a 5 cm board, purchased on initial stage. In order to avoid deformations on the outer planes of the walls, pieces of timber are mounted, which are stops for lateral shields of formwork.

The maximum strength of the pair of plates / walls is obtained by the following way:

This fittings later bended, binds to the rods of the bottom, the top mesh plate. For bending at a right angle with a necessary radius, a device in the form of a tubular hammer is used.

Inside each overlap, communications pass, which is easier to install to the fill, rather than hammer the plate with a perforator subsequently. Traditionally, the maximum concentration of engineering systems is observed in the cessary / basement overlap:

• hoods in each room
• electrician in all rooms
• sewerage for outdoor network
• rolling risers
• chimney boiler room
• technological holes for low-current systems, gas line

For their installation do it yourself It is best to use fusey fittings internal sewage With plugs. They are mounted in accordance with the markup of the walls, the plugs are fixed by self-drawing from the bottom of the formwork (through), side shields (for ventilation taps).

The electrocabels are marked with tape, tags, other convenient ways. It is forbidden to lay the cable corrugation along the lower layer of Armopoyas under it. This will reduce the protective layer, weaken the slab on this site. Therefore, after reinforcement, electricians must be monitored.

Reinforcement design

In 90% of cases floor slabreinforced by two solid reinforcement grids, which causes the overrun of the material. The middle part of the compression plate is practically not working, so a discharged mesh with large cells can be used here. However, this requires the exact calculation of the rods in each grid. Montaja technology do it yourself Led below.

Cells are formed when laying, covered with wire rods directly at the place of operation. This allows you to provide the same protective layer (usually 4 cm) from all sides. The basic requirements are:

It is forbidden to put crushed stone under the grid, pieces of pipes, fittings, wooden bars.

Clamps made independently cost cheaper, take into account the size of the plates, specific operational conditions. They are strifted by the same device that was used to bend rods in the walls.

The upper mesh knits from the rods laid on the tables. In the middle part there is an increase in the cell according to the calculations. The angles of technological openings for internal stairs are reinforced diagonally. In the formwork of openings produce rods of the lower grid.

Pouring for one reception is extremely inconvenient in the absence of outdoor forests around the perimeter of the building. Therefore, more often the overlap is manufactured in stages. Vertical jumpers are mounted in the following way:

To ensure the connection of the two slabs of overlapping, poured in stages, you can make you in the first plate. To do this, it is enough to fasten inside the jumper the longitudinal board in its middle part between the belts of the reinforcement, without refining on the lower rods.

Concrete is ordered by the manufacturer or manufactured in the building stain. It must be supplied, lay, seal a deep vibrator with interruptions not exceeding 2 hours. After this period in the concrete, hydration begins, it loses mobility, does not forms a monolith with a previously stacked layer.

The splitting partition of the technological seam is possible on 4 - 7 day after the fill. Shield can be transferred to the next site to continue the work on the same day.

Medium stove

Pouring subsequent sections of overlapping is similar to the specified method. When vibration absorption, it is necessary to focus on the cessation of bubbles, the appearance of cement milk, hiding with a liquid solution of large rubble. All these factors indicate a normal seal, you can move the vibrator tip in the next place.

A plot with staircase is usually poured last time when the rest of the surface can be walking with buckets, tool for moving. The seams are processed after a 70% storage kit (in the summer on the fourth day). To equalize the plane, the stratification of possible influx is used by the ESM with a diamond snap-in type. The platform is possible in a week - two depending on the weather. The first three days of concrete is necessary to moisturize without pressure.

Led step-by-step instruction Guarantees the highest possible operational resource. The quality of overlaps is almost identical to the factory plates. The increase in thickness is due to the inability of the preliminary stress of Armopoyas at home. But communications are laid in reinforced concrete at operating places, which dramatically reduces labor costs, the budget of finishing works.

Comments:

Before making overlapping with your own hands, concrete, you need to prepare the following list of materials and tools.

• plywood or board at least 40 mm thick;
• board or timber;
• racks or supports from pipes or channel;
• reinforcement rods;
• knitting wire;
• stands protective for reinforcement;
• level, level;
• bulgarian;
• cement;
• crushed stone;
• sand;
• concrete mixer;
• pump or tap for concrete pouring.

It is concrete overlap that is considered the most reliable, as it is a monolithic plate of reinforced concrete, with mandatory reinforcement.

Device formwork for overlapping with your own hands

For monolithic overlap of concrete, the formwork is made, the root horizontal surface of the moisture-resistant plywood. A plywood or a similar diameter of the board by supporting their bars, laid horizontally to support them, is installed. These supports or racks for bars and formwork can be found in the finished form called telescopic or assemble from the bar itself, corner, pipes.

In order for the proportion of the materials taken correctly, it is necessary to calculate the facility of the future floor and its volume. The volume or thickness depends on the span area and tested during the load process. To withstand over time the weight of the reinforced concrete, the formwork should be durable and not deformed. Therefore, the faeer or boards for making are taking enough durable and thick.

To determine which formwork will be installed on the floor from the floor, you need to measure the level of the perimeter of the span on the height, which corresponds to the bottom of the planned bulk sex. The most convenient to do it using construction laser level or level.

If the racks are used telescopic, then you must first install them at the edges, and the longitudinal beams are already installed on top, the gap between which should be 2 m. Only then installed all the racks in the middle, both with tripods and without . The distance between these racks will depend on their power and the planned thickness of the overlaps. The averaged calculations lead to calculations that one rack must support each m³ of flooded overlap.

If the stands are used homemade, it is necessary to adjust them along the length to the height on which the bottom of the first beam layer will be installed. The distance between such racks should be at least 1 m³, install them on a smooth durable floor. Next, along the longitudinal bruus, the transverse, step when laying is approximately equal to 0.5 m, and the layers of formwork are also stacked. The upper plane of the resulting design is checked by the level, as it should be strictly horizontal.

If when formwork, instead of plywood, boards are used, they are adjusted with one to the other, and the moistureproof material is stacked. On the perimeter, the formwork needs to be protected the same in height of the side, which corresponds to the thickness of the concrete layer. It needs to be combined in the corners reliably, so that he does not destroy the solution.

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Reinforcement of formwork

Overlapping scheme: 1 - main mesh; 2 - additional strengthening of the main mesh; 3 - P-shaped reinforcement of the plates; 4 - M-shaped reinforcement of plates; 5 - bearing walls.

When the formwork is ready, you need to prepare the reinforcement frame consisting of reinforcement in 1 or 2 layers on the formwork. For a single-layer frame of fittings, a larger diameter is used. Putting reinforcement cells with 20x20 cm cells, the initial range is laid out on special protection, which is needed for uniform penetration of concrete under the reinforcement. The height before the side should be 20-25 mm. If two pieces of reinforcements need to be combed, the nesting should be at least 70-80 cm.

In order for the proportion to be observed, the second one with the same step of 20 cm is put on top of the first row of the reinforcement, only perpendicularly. Armature in the crossing places is tied up with a soft steel wire with a special crochet for knitting fittings. If the frame is made of a double-layer, then the first row is laid and tied by special chairs, made from segments of reinforcement, on them is similar to the first, laid out the second layer. The distance between the layers should be at least 2.5-3 cm.

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Filling overlaps do it yourself

Before making concrete overlap, you need to cook concrete. It can be taken in the finished form or made with his own hands. For its manufacture, a concrete mixer is applied and the correct ratio of ingredients is required. You can pour concrete buckets or with a concrete pump, as well as a special crane. The method depends on the height of the floor and the volume of concrete to be put on the formwork. It is recommended immediately before serving concrete to handle the formwork boards with special formwork oil so that the formwork is easier to shoot. If the formwork is already raspened polyethylene, this is not enough for additional preparation.

Concrete is poured all for one approach, the total time of work should not exceed 3 hours. Be sure to align concrete at the end of work with the help of special swabs, the concrete is distributed to uniformly from above and below. Density

The main stages of work are listed in the following paragraphs:

General rules for concreting overlap slabs

It is necessary to pour concrete quickly and without breaks in the process, it is worth taking care in advance. To do this, we need to consider the process of supplying a concrete mix on the overlapping and arrival in mixers to the construction site to a concrete pump or a shower. The process of concreting the slab plate is quite time consuming so requires the use large number Workers who will work in the links shifts without a lunch break. Otherwise, if there are large delays in the supply in the process of operation, the mixture loses its homogeneous properties, which adversely affects the strength of the structure.

If the design is still very big, and it is impossible for 1 reception to pour completely the entire volume of the future plate, then special work seams of concreting are made, at the lowest load. Seam is made either vertical, or horizontal, but, in no case, not unclear. The work seam is cleaned, and the work continues, if it is vertical, sometimes a chain grid is used for better grasp between layers.

The horizontal seam is practically not found when concreting the plates, but without it can not do with the construction of the bunker and other structures with a very thick layer of concreting.

Before starting the work of concreting, the entire table of formwork should be carefully examined, the presence of carriers and additional racks, the integrity of the sides. Concreting Plinth of the overlap is a very responsible process and if the formwork does not withstand in one place, then the domino principle and the entire design will collapse under the severity of the load of the concrete mix, which leads to tremendous material damage and human victims.

Concreting technology of monolithic slabs of overlapping

For laying a concrete mix, you will need the following tools:

• shovels;
• ironing;
• vibrators;
• rubber boots.

To measure the level of concrete, you should take probe, usually the cross is a welded reinforcement cane with the plates of the plate thickness, they are focused on it while taking the mixture of which current layer thickness.
Shovels are used to lay the concrete mixture, for alignment of ironing or half-leavers. Halfuries are much less practical for large volumes of concrete mix.

The distance from the tray serving concrete and formwork - should not exceed the 1st to the concrete to be homogeneous and not very scattered around.

Concrete should be laid 1.5-2-m wide and a thickness of 15-30 cm, with its seal. The most appropriate seal method - using vibrators - deep - are needed for large thick designs, surfaces - for plates and structures in plane plane, external - used during operations in narrow hustarized structures.

The duration of operation with a vibrator is 30-60 seconds, a sign that concrete is good to stop the cessation of concrete drawdown, and the appearance of a film on the surface of the concrete mixture. With volumetric work, several vibrators are used.

The process of filing and laying the mixture should be the maximum conveyor. General scheme Such, two workers put the supplied mixture, one or two people immediately after them with a dipstick and shovels to roll it up to the desired level. The following is a worker with a smoother, which gives the surface of concrete into a mirror state.

Quality control concreting ceiling

After concreting of monolithic slabs of the overlap completed, it is necessary to control. The whole problem is that it is impossible to disassemble the design earlier than after 2 weeks, because the safety margin is still insufficient. After removal of the formwork, look at the surface on the pore of the sinks, the sinks in horizontal structures are much less and less frequently than vertical.

If the air temperature is above 10 degrees, the slab is covered with a wet burlap or a dense cloth and constantly watered, supporting it moistened, which is necessary with any work with cement mixturesSince the cement dries quickly, so that it is better grabbed and was stronger, it should be maintained in the first time moisturized, especially at high temperatures.

In brick houses, concrete or concrete blocks, overlappings are usually performed from reinforced concrete. They provide exceptional strength and seismic resistance of the structure, as well as very durable and do not burn, which is important. There are several ways to arrange reinforced concrete floors. The most common and universal - laying of plates of flooding of factory manufacture. Such plates are ordered at the ZhBI factories, and then mounted with the workers' crane and brigade. In the same cases, when the use of lifting crane on the construction site is difficult, or when the house has a non-standard layout and it is difficult to perform the layout of finished plates, the monolithic slab of the overlapping is placed. You can actually fill the monolithic slab not only when there is a testimony for this, but simply because you consider it more appropriate. In this article we will tell you how to lay the slabs of overlapping and how to fill the monolithic plate. Not all work can be performed independently, but it is still worth familiar with the technology, at least in order to control the process at the construction site.

Monolithic slab overlaid with their own hands

Monolithic overlap has a number of advantages compared to overlapping from ready-made reinforced concrete plates. First, the design is solid and monolithic without a single seam, which ensures uniform load on the walls and the foundation. Secondly, the monolithic fill allows you to make a layout in the house more free, as it can rely on the columns. Also, the planning can mean how many corners and catfish, which would be difficult to choose the slabs of overlapping standard sizes. Thirdly, you can safely equip the balcony without an extra composure plate, as the design is monolith.

You can equip the monolithic slab slab on your own, for this you do not need a lifting crane or a large brigade of workers. The main thing is to comply with technology and do not save on materials.

Like everything that concerns construction, the monolithic overlap begins with the project. It is advisable to order the calculation of the monolithic slab overlap in the project office and do not save on it. Usually it includes the calculation of the cross section of the slab to the action of the bending moment at maximum load. As a result you get optimal dimensions For the slab overlap specifically in your home, instructions, which fittings to use and what class of concrete. If you wish to try to perform calculations yourself, then an example of calculating the monolithic slab overlap can be found on the Internet. We will not sharpen attention on this. Consider the option when the usual country house With a span not more than 7 m, so we will make a monolithic slab overlap of the most popular recommended size: thickness from 180 to 200 mm.

Materials for the manufacture of monolithic slab overlap:

• Formwork.
• Supports for maintaining formwork at the rate of 1 support per 1 m2.
• Steel fittings with a diameter of 10 mm or 12 mm.
• Concrete brand M 350 or separate cement, sand and crushed stone.
• Bending fixture for reinforcement.
• Plastic reinforcement supports (clamps).

Filling technology monolithic floating slabs Includes such steps:

1. Calculation of the ceiling slabs if the span is more than 7 m, or the project involves the support of the slabs on the column / columns.
2. Installation of formwork type "Deck".
3. Plate reinforcement with steel rods.
4. Pouring concrete.
5. Concrete seal.

So, after the walls are kicked out at the necessary height, and their level is almost perfectly aligned, you can start the arrangement of the monolithic slab of the overlap.

The device of the monolithic slab overlap assumes that the concrete will be poured into a horizontal formwork. Sometimes the horizontal formwork is also called the "deck". There are several options for its arrangement. First - rent ready removable formwork Metal or plastic. Second - manufacturing on-site formwork using wooden boards or sheets of moisture resistant plywood. Of course, the first option is easier and preferable. First, the formwork is collapsible. Secondly, it offers telescopic supports that are needed to support formwork at the same level.

If you prefer to make a formwork yourself, then consider that the thickness of the plywood sheets should be 20 mm, and the thickness of the edged boards is 25 - 35 mm. If you shoot down the shields from edged boards, they need to be tightly customized to each other. If the slots are visible between the boards, then the surface of the formwork should be causing a waterproofing film.

Installing the formwork is performed in this way:

• Vertical support racks are installed. It can be telescopic metal racks whose height can be adjusted. But it is also possible to use wooden logs with a diameter of 8 - 15 cm. The step between the racks should be 1 m. The racks close to the wall should be located at a distance of at least 20 cm from the wall.
• On top of the racks, the riglels are stacked (a longitudinal bar, which will hold the formwork, a foreign beam, a chamber service).
• The horizontal formwork is stacked on the rigls. If the finished formwork is used, and the lateral beams are stacked on top of the longitudinal bars, on which the sheets of moisture resistant plywood are put on top. The dimensions of the horizontal formwork must be fitted perfectly so that its edges rest in the wall without leaving the gaps.
• The height of the pole supports is regulated so that the upper edge of the horizontal formwork coincides with the top edge of the wall masonry.
• Vertical formwork elements are installed. Taking into account the fact that the monolithic slab overlap the dimensions should be such that its edges to enter the walls by 150 mm, it is necessary to perform a vertical fence at such a distance from the inside edge of the wall.
• The last time is checked horizontal and even arrangement of formwork with levels.

Sometimes for the convenience of further work, the surface of the formwork is covered with a waterproofing film or, if it is made of metal, lubricated with machine oil. In this case, the formwork is easy to remove, and the surface of the concrete slab will be perfectly smooth. The use of telescopic racks for formwork is preferable to wooden supports, since they are reliable, each of them can withstand weight up to 2 tons, microcracks are not formed on their surface, as it can happen to wooden broom or bar. Rental of such racks will cost approximately 2.5 - 3 USD. per 1 m2 area.

After the armature framework of two grids is installed after armature formwork. For the manufacture of reinforcement framework, steel reinforcement A-500C with a diameter of 10 - 12 mm is used. From these rods, the grid is associated with a cell size of 200 mm. To connect longitudinal and transverse rods, knitting wire is used 1.2 - 1.5 mm. Most often the length of one reinforcement rod is not enough to cover the whole span, so the rods will have to be interconnected along. In order for the design to be durable, the rods must be connected to the allen in 40 cm.

The reinforcement grid must enter the wall at least 150 mm, if the walls are made of brick, and 250 mm, if the walls are made of aerated concrete. The ends of the rods should not reach the vertical formwork around the perimeter by 25 mm.

Strengthening the monolithic slab overlap is performed using two reinforcement grids. One of them - the lower - should be located at an altitude of 20 - 25 mm from the lower edge of the plate. The second - the upper one should be located 20 - 25 mm below the top edge of the plate.

So that the lower mesh is located on the desired removal, adults are put under it plastic clamps. They are installed in increments of 1 - 1.2 m in the crossing places of rods.

The thickness of the monolithic slab overlap is taken at the rate of 1:30, where 1 is the thickness of the plate, and 30 is the length of the span. For example, if the span is 6 m, then the thickness of the plate will be 200 mm. Considering that the grids should be located on the removal of the plates from the edges, the distance between the grids should be 120-125 mm (from the thickness of the plate 200 mm, we take two gaps of 20 mm and take 4 thickness of reinforcement rods).

To divide the grids for a certain distance from each other, from the reinforcing rod of 10 mm using a special bending tool is made special Locks - Standsas in the photo. The upper and lower shelves of the retainer are 350 mm. The vertical size of the retainer is 120 mm. The installation step of vertical locks 1 m, the ranks should be placed in a checker order.

The next step - end lock. It is installed in a step of 400 mm in the end of the reinforcement frame. It serves to enhance the support of the slab on the wall.

Another important element - top and bottom mesh connector. As he looks, you can see in the photo. It is necessary, so that the spaced grids perceived the load, as one. The installation step of this connector is 400 mm, and in the zone of the wall on the wall, in the range of 700 mm from it, in a step of 200 mm.

Pouring concrete

Concrete is better to order directly at the factory. This greatly facilitates the task. In addition, the pouring of the solution from the mixer with a uniform layer will provide exceptional stove strength. What you can not say about the stove, which was poured by hand with breaks for the preparation of a new portion of the solution. So pour the concrete is better at once with a layer of 200 mm, without breaks. Before pouring concrete to formwork, it is necessary to install a frame or box for technological holes, such as chimney or ventilation channel. After filling it, it is necessary to province the deep vibrator. After that, leave to dry and gain strength on 28 days. The first week the surface must be wedged with water, only moisturize, and not to fill with water. A month later, the formwork can be removed. The monolithic slab overlap is ready. On the installation of slabs of overlapping, the price includes the cost of fittings, concrete, rented formwork and order Mixer Machines, as well as concrete pump. In fact, approximately 50 - 55 cu. per m2 overlaps. How to fill the slab overlapping concrete, you can see in the demonstrating installation of plates of the overlap of video.

How to put overlap plates

The use of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs of factory manufacturer is considered more traditional. PC plates are greater popularity - slabs with round voids. The weight of such plates begins with 1.5 tons, so the laying of the slabs of the overlap is impossible with their own hands. Requires lifting crane. Despite the seeming simplicity of the task, there are a number of nuances and rules that must be observed when working with slabs of overlaps.

Termination Plate Rules

The slab overlap of the factory manufacture has already been reinforced at the factory and does not require additional strengthening or arrangement of formwork. They are simply placed in the span with support on the wall, following some rules:

• The span should not be more than 9 m. It is exactly such a plate of the slab is the largest.
• Unloading and lifting plates are carried out with the help of special equipment provided by the project. To do this, there are mounting hinges in the stoves, for which the mounting slings gerops are engaged.
• Before laying the slabs, the surface of the walls to which they will fit must be aligned. Not allowed large drops of heights and distortions.
• Plates must be based on the walls by 90 - 150 mm.
• It is impossible to pretend the plates of dry, all the slots and technological seams should be sealed with a solution.
• Plate location must be constantly monitored relative to the walls and surfaces of the support.
• The plates are stacked only on the bearing walls, all the simpleness are placed only after installing overlaps.
• If you want to cut in the overlap of the hatch, then it must be cut on the junction of two plates, and not in one plate.
• Plates should be located as close as possible to each other, but with a 03 - 3 cm gap. This will ensure seismic resistance.

If the slabs of the overlap lacks to overlap the whole span, and remains, for example, 500 mm, then exist different methods Styling slabs of overlapping in this case. The first is to lay the plates in principle, and the gaps leave at the edges of the room, then close the gaps with concrete or slag concrete blocks. The second is laying plates with uniform gaps, which are then close to concrete solution. In order for the solution to not fall down, the formwork is installed under the gap (the board is tested).

Black Plate Styling Technology

In the process of laying slabs, the overlap must be clear coordination between the crane and the brigade, the host. To avoid injuries on the construction site, and also observe the whole technological process And the rules described in the bottom, the Project at the construction site should be a technological map of the flooring plates. It contains a sequence of work, quantity and location of technology, special vehicles and tools.

Start the laying of the slabs of the overlap is necessary from the staircase. After laying the plates, their location is checked. Plates are fit well if:

• The difference between the bottom surfaces of the slabs does not exceed 2 mm.
• The height difference between the upper surfaces of the slabs does not exceed 4 mm.
• The height difference within the site should not exceed 10 mm.

As the installation of the slab is shown, after laying the plate, it is necessary to combine with the walls with metal connecting parts. Works on the connection of mortgages and connecting parts are made welding.

Do not forget that you need to follow safety. It is not allowed to perform work with a lifting crane in an open area with wind 15 m / s, as well as when ice, thunderstorms and fog. During the movement of the slab using a crane, installers should be away from the path by which the stove will move, with the opposite feed feed. Despite the fact that the use of the services of a professional prolage and the installers brigade significantly increase the cost of mounting slabs of the ceiling, yet this is not the case when you can save. The brigadier must provide a project.

Before ordering the plates at the factory, preparatory work must be performed. The time of feeding the car with plates and lifting crane is better to agree at one time not to overpay for simple special equipment. In this case, the installation of the plates can be performed without unloading, directly from the vehicle.

Preparatory work before putting slabs

First - smooth surface of opira. The horizon must be practically ideal, the height difference in 4 - 5 cm is unacceptable. First of all, check the surface of the walls, then, if necessary, align with a concrete solution. Subsequent work can be performed only after concrete acquires maximum strength.

Second - ensure the strength of the support zone. If the walls are erected from bricks, concrete or concrete blocks, then no additional events do not need. If the walls are erected from foam blocks or gas-blocks, then before laying the plates it is necessary to fill armoois. Proper laying The ceiling slabs assumes that the support surface must be strong enough to withstand the weight of the plate and do not deform along the adjunct line. Neither aerated concrete nor foaminetone has the necessary strength. Therefore, on the entire perimeter of the structure, the formwork is established, the reinforcement frame of a rod 8 is 12 mm, and then everything is poured with a concrete layer 15 - 20 mm. Further work can be continued only after drying the concrete.

Third - install mounting towers. Telescopic supports, as described in the section on the installation of a monolithic slab overlap, are installed in 1.5 m increments. They are called upon to accept the weight of the slab, if suddenly it will slip from their place. After mounting, these tows are cleaned.

Installation of empty slabs of overlapping with a crane

After the fresh concrete adopted sufficient strength and dryness, you can begin directly installing the slabs of the overlap. For this, the lifting crane is used, the load capacity of which depends on the size and weight of the slab, most often the cranes 3 - 7 tons are appreciated.

Stages of work:

• A concrete solution of a layer 2 - 3 cm is applied to the support surface. The depth of the solution is equal to the depth of the plates, i.e. 150 mm. If the slab will rely on two opposite walls, then the solution is applied only for two walls. If the slab will rely on three walls, then on the surface of the three walls. Directly laying the plates can begin when the solution will drop 50% of its strength.

• While the solution dries out, the craneman can engage the slings for the mounting elements of the plate.
• When the crane driver is given a signal that you can feed the stove, the team of workers must move away from the place where the stove moves. When the stove is already quite close, the workers engage her by the battle and unfold, while the oscillatory movements are soaked.

• The plate is directed to the right place, one person must stand on one wall, and the other - on the opposite. The stove is stacked so that its edges relied on a wall at least 120 mm, better by 150 mm. After installing the stove, squeeze the excess solution and will evenly distribute the load.

• If there is a need to move the slab, you can use scrap. You can only align its location along the laying zone, moving the slab across the walls can not, otherwise the walls can fall. Then the slings are removed, and the signal is served to pick them up.
• The procedure is repeated for all plates without exception. The rules for mounting the ceiling slabs suggest that the alignment of the plates should be performed along the lower edge, since it is the lower surface that the ceiling is indoors. Therefore, the stove is stacked with a wider side down, and more narrow - up.

You can meet the recommendation that in the Opporting Zone, the reinforcement is required. Supporters of this method say that it is so convenient and easier to move the stove. In fact, put something except for a concrete solution under the stove is prohibited by a technical card. Otherwise, the stove can be easily moved from the Oppulating Zone, as it will slide along the valve. In addition, the load will be distributed unevenly.

Laying the slabs of overlapping on the foundation is practically no different from the laying inter-storey overlaps. The technology is exactly the same. Only the surface of the foundation must be thoroughly hydroizing before laying the plates. If the project provides non-standard supporting slabs, then for this use special steel elements. Such work should not be done without a specialist.

Anchorovka - binding of plates between themselves - can be performed in two ways depending on the project.

First - binding plates of reinforcement. The reinforcement rods with a diameter of 12 mm are welded to fixing mortgage elements on the stove. At the slabs from different manufacturers, the location of these elements can be different: in the longitudinal end plate or on its surface. The most durable is considered to be diagonally, when the plates are associated with a displacement.

Also, the stove must be associated with the wall. For which fittings make up the wall.

Second way - ring anchor. In fact, he is similar to Armopoyas. On the perimeter of the plate is equipped with a formwork, fittings are installed and concrete is poured. This method somewhat increases the cost of laying the slabs of the overlap. But it is worth it - the plates are sulked from all sides.

After anchoring, you can proceed to the sealing of the slots. The slots between the slabs of the overlap are called Rusta. They are filled with concrete M150 brand. If the slots are large, then the board is tied up, which serves as a formwork. If the slits are small, then the slab overlap can withstand the maximum load already the next day. Otherwise, it is necessary to wait a week.

All modern plates with round voids are made with already filled ends. If you purchased slabs with open holes, then they must be fill in anything by 25 - 30 cm deep. Otherwise, the stove will freeze. Fill voids can be mineral Vata., concrete stoppers or simply fill with concrete solution. This procedure must be performed not only on those ends that go outside, but also on those rely on the inner walls.

On the laying of the slab overlap the price depends on the volume of work, the area of \u200b\u200bthe house and the value of the materials. For example, the cost of only PC overlapping slabs is approximately 27 - 30 USD. per m2. The rest is the accompanying materials, the rental of crane and hiring workers, as well as the cost of shipping plates. Professional brigades on the installation of slabs of overlapping rates are different from 10 to 25 USD. per m2, maybe more depending on the region. As a result, it turns out the cost is the same as on the pouring of the monolithic slab overlap.

Laying Plates of Overlapping: Video Example

During the construction of any individual two-story residential building, the question arises, how to make a seating overlap. It is usually performed from reinforced concrete, which ensures its strength, reliability, durability, seismic resistance and compliance with fire standards.

Exists two basic ways Arrangement of overlaps. The most versatile and common method is to install the finished slabs of overlappings, which produce Zbi plants. The plates are delivered to the object, and then with the help of the crane and the construction brigade are mounted, leaning on the walls, riglels and beams. In the case when it is not possible to use a lifting crane on the site, or the house has non-standard dimensions and forms, the monolithic overlap is shown. It has some advantages to the fact that now buy a suitable brand is absolutely available, and it is possible to make the overlap, without resorting to the help of professionals.

Although the monolithic overlap with their own hands is not so simple, nevertheless, having familiarized with the technology, picking up the materials correctly and sobraying with some subtleties, it is forces to everyone.

Preliminary stage of overlapping

With any form construction work There are such steps that cannot be saved. That's why it is necessary to have project of monolithic overlap. It is advisable to order it in the project organization. Experts will make calculation of the cross section of overlapping, taking into account the action of bending moments and maximum load, which will make it possible to accurately determine the size of the monolithic plate, select the brand of concrete, the reinforcement sorting and the number of all materials used. This will give you the opportunity to avoid spending on the purchase of excess material, as well as have a clear guide to carrying out these works.

If you want to perform calculation of plates aloneThe examples of such calculations can be found on the Internet, and we will tell you about the technology of mounting the monolithic overlap. First of all, you should prepare necessary materials and fixtures to arrange overlap. These include formwork (plywood, wooden timber), support-racks for formwork (1 support per 1 sq. M.), reinforcement (steel grids and rods), bending tools for reinforcement rods and stand fixators for reinforcement. After that, you can begin directly filling the monolithic overlap, observing the sequence of work, including the formwork device, reinforcement of overlapping, fill with concrete and its seal.

Installing formwork

After the walls of the first floor are built, start device formwork Under the monolithic overlap. The main thing is to remember that it should be very strong in order to withstand the weight of the puffged concrete.

A more preferred method - lease of the finished formwork made of plastic or metal. The advantages of such a formwork are that it understands and is going, and also has complete telescopic supports.

The second way is production of formwork directly on siteFor which the sheets of moisture-resistant plywood are used (thickness 20 mm) or edged boards (thickness 25-35 mm).

1. First set supports - telescopic or racks from wooden bar With a meter step. From the bearing walls, the racks are located at least 20 cm.
2. On the racks laid the riglels to hold formwork. It may be beams from a hot rolled profile (channel, 2-way) or a longitudinal wooden timber.
3. From above on the riglia install transverse beamsAnd already on them - horizontal formwork (lists of moisture-resistant plywood). Important moment: Formwork sheets must be perfectly fitted with each other and fit tightly to the walls.
4. After that, it is necessary to carefully adjust the height of the supports so that the upper edges of the formwork and the edges of the walls are on the same level.
5. Now the vertical elements of the formwork are fixed. They are installed at a distance of 150 mm from the edge of the walls, since this size is necessary for supporting the slab overlap on the wall.
6. After installing the formwork, the entire surface is covered with a waterproofing film. This will make it possible to easily remove the formwork in the future, leaving the smooth surface of the concrete overlap.

Reinforcement

To give strength to monolithic overlap it is performed by his reinforcement.

Pouring overlap concrete

In order for the monolithic overlap to be made high quality, concrete for its manufacture should be ordered at the factory. The finished concrete, which is based on all technological requirements, corresponds to the desired class of strength and frost resistance, which is usually indicated in the accompanying documents.

For high-quality pouring of concrete, it is best to use a fuel pump or a mixer, and not to carry it upwards with gaps in time. To ensure maximum stove strength, monolithic overlap, 200 mm thick should be continuously filling with concrete.

It is important not to forget that before the fill of concrete in the formwork follows set special boxes For technological holes (Ventkanals).

After the overlap is completely flooded, the concrete should be thoroughly proved. For this, special depth vibrators are used, providing a uniform distribution of the concrete layer and allowing the opportunity to get rid of air bubbles.

In the first seven days after the pouring, the concrete is covered with a film and are slightly moistened, which prevents the appearance of cracks on the surface of concrete. In total, concrete fully hardens and dials the strength of 28-30 days. After the month, the formwork is cleaned, and concrete overlap is completely ready.

Now, having familiarized yourself with the technology of work, learning what kind of tools and materials are required for this, you can decide for yourself, whether such a type of overlapping is suitable for you. If so, we hope that this information will help you cope with the arrangement of monolithic overlap successfully.