Cement-based solutions, gypsum or clay with the addition of lime are known for a long time. With it, they receive plastic and inexpensive compositions that are used for both exterior and internal work. In this article, we will tell you how to make milk from lime from lime, in what proportions make a mixture for plastering and blissing, as well as, consider the application technology.

What is a limestone plaster

Adding to solutions of lime allows to significantly increase the plasticity and fracture resistance of the plaster. It becomes much easier to work with it, it dries not so fast, easily sticks even to the tree, and the surface is obtained smoother, without defects. It is also an excellent protection against mold and fungus. Another indisputable advantage is environmentally friendly - unlike synthetic additives, the lime is absolutely harmless.

Lime is widely used in construction as a plasticizer. However, when the facades are plastered, it should be noted that it is allowed to be used only in areas with a dry climate. Not recommended such solutions for use in rooms with high (over 60%) humidity.

The limestone plaster is considered to be warmer and vapor-permeable, that is, "breathing", and remove it from the walls in the case of repair is much easier than, for example, the usual cement. But excess of lime can lead to the weakening of the surface strength. That is why add it to moderately, accurately adhering to proportions.

As you can see, limestone plaster has many advantages. The cons associates can be attributed not such high strength, as in cement compositions. Also do not recommend it to use in wet premises and under the laying of the tile.

But no particular strength from such a solution is not required. After all, the purpose of plastering is the leveling of the surface and the smelting of small cracks. A more durable solution is required when laying. However, in this case, it is allowed to add a small amount of lime test or clay to increase plasticity to increase plasticity.

When the lime quenching should be extremely careful - the splashes of the hot mixture can lead to burns. Harmful effects also have the smallest limestone dust capable of depositing on the mucous membrane. Therefore, when working should use protective clothing, gloves and respirator.

Preparation of lime milk (quenching)

Comka Negane Lime

Negained lime (calcium oxide) is unsuitable for plastering or masonry solution, because the interaction with water is distinguished by a large amount of heat and water vapor. At the same time, the formation of alkali Ca (OH) 2 occurs. Here it is necessary for the preparation of plaster. Haired lime (fluff) buy in the form of a powder or prepare with their own hands.

Finished Pushonka

The process of quenching is quite simple. First you need to make lime milk. Add to a bucket or bath:

• clean cold water;
• mounted lime in a ratio of 1: 1 from water mass.

Add lime should be gradually, small pieces, constantly stirring the solution. Otherwise, the upper layer, enhancing the reaction, forms on the surface of the hydroxide, blocking water access to the lower part of the tank, and the material does not fully react.

In the process of transitioning the caustic of SAO to the Pushonka, that is, calcium hydroxide Ca (OH) 2, it is strongly heated, and then crumbles into a white dry powder. It is allowed to use it in solutions for masonry not earlier than 14 days later, in a mixture for plastering - in 30 days.

After the lime fully reaches, a lime milk is prepared from it. For the preparation of a 10 percent solution take 1 kg of fluffs and 9 liters of water. Sometimes it is added to 1% liquid soap for better adhesion.

Since there may be inexpensive or degraded lime to lime, which cannot be quashed, so after a thorough mixing, the solution is desirable to strain through the sieve.

Note that in the recommendations for the kneading plaster, it is most often indicated by no lime milk, and the dough. In industrial conditions, it is manufactured by defending lime milk. At home, such a dough can be done, also removing excess water after falling out of the sediment. However, it is worth remembering that the thick solution will be difficult.

Types of limestone plaster

With the addition of lime prepare different types solutions, including cement, gypsum and clay. Let us give detail the recipes for their preparation.

Lime-sand

This type of plaster is considered an inexpensive analog cement mix And most often used to finish the utility rooms. The proportions in this case are similar:

• for the preparation of the primer solution, the ratio of lime and sand 1: 2;
• when it spray it on the wall it is 1: 2;
• for use as the main finishing coating 1: 5.

Before the preparation of lime-sand plaster, the components are mixed in a dry form, then water is added. It is better to use pure river sand, sinking before mixing.

Such a mixture is frozen slowly, so it is allowed to cover it with polyethylene and use on the second day. She will not lose their properties.

Lime-cement

Such stucco is strong enough, so it is widely used for facade and internal works. The ratio of the components of the mixture varies depending on the purposes:

• for spraying 1: 0.4: 4 (cement, limestone dough, sand);
• when used as a primer: 1: 1: 4;
• for finishing coatings: 1: 1.5: 1.5.

There are also ready-made dry mixes, for example, brand Weber Wetonite 414. It is suitable for any surfaces, for internal and outdoor work. The plaster is enhanced by microfiber, therefore harden without shrinkage, and can be used as a basic or leveling layer. Vetonite consumption - 1.4 kg / m2 with a thickness of 1 mm.

Lime-gypsum

Adding a gypsum into a sandy-limestone solution allows you to get a more even and durable surface and speed up the solidification process. This solution is well lighted even on a stone and wooden surface.

The proportions during breeding are as follows:

• during spray (lime dough, sand, plaster): 1: 0.5: 2;
• for use as the main coating: 1: 1.5: 2;
• as a primer: 1: 1: 2.

It is more difficult to work with such compositions, since the solution solidifies very quickly. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare it in small quantities.

Lime-clay

This stucco is used infrequently mainly for the decoration of Mazanoca, furnaces and fireplaces. It is preparing in this way:

• proportions for primer (limestone dough, clay, sand) 2: 1.5: 2;
• for the kneading as a 2: 1: 3.5 coating;
• for spray 2: 1: 3.

Clay for the knead you need to take medium fat. If it is skinny and the solution does not stick to the trowel, it means that it is necessary to increase its number in the mixture. With an excessive oily clay, on the contrary, increase the percentage of sand.

Table of consumption of materials for plastering 1 m2 surface

Plaster lime solid

Preparation of walls

If you do repair not in a new building with bare walls, you need to remove the entire former finish. Old wallpaper is wetted with water and remove a scraper or metal brush. If you need to completely remove the old layer of blots, then the surface can be moistened with a liquid honest. After drying it, the blots together with glue can be easily written with a spatula.

Large cracks are expanding with a grinder or a knife, are divened, ground, and then smear durable cement mortar. The locations of their location are sickled by a sickle ribbon.

For reliable fixing plaster on concrete, brick Walls A axes or perforator make notches about 10 cm wide. Wooden walls are surrounded by duch - wood strips. It is fixed with nails, and they do not need to score deeply - part of the nail must be bent. You can replace duranka using metal gridbaked to the surface.

Walls before applying the first layer should be projected. The primer gluits the remaining dust and increase the adhesion of plaster.

When perfect smoothness is required using guide lighthouses. They are attached to the wall on a small amount of putty, then aligned in terms of level. The distance between the beacon profiles should be 20 cm less than the length of the rules that will equalize the mixture when plastering.

Applying plaster

Consider the technology of plastering walls with their own hands, without the use of machine application. To obtain a high-quality surface with limestone plaster, you will need three layers:

Tip! Since the limestral solution is grasped slowly, it is not recommended to apply too thick the primer layer, because it can "swim". If necessary, it is applied again by the second or third layer, dried every day. It is necessary to pushed such a surface only after the complete drying of the plaster.

If after a while it takes the repair of plaster, then it is possible to make it in the same sequence as the initial application: chips and cracks of the finishes; trust the wall; Apply a mixture in several layers; Warry after drying.

Tells of lime

Lime mortar is also cheap Material For whitening ceilings and walls. It is also a good antiseptic that is used in utility rooms, vegetable pits. Tempets of trees protect them from pests and diseases.

Properly cooked whitewashes well covers the surface and holds firmly.

The consumption of the prepared mixture will depend on the surface of the walls. On a flat wall or ceiling will leave 0.5 liters of 1 m2. On untreated brick masonry Consumption will be 1 l / m2. It will also depend on the method of applying. The most economical option is spraying with, for example, kraskopultum or manual sprayer.

The plaster with a solution based on lime is an inexpensive version of the walls and ceiling. The mixture is easy to cook and with your own hands. It easily lies on the walls, creating protection against mold and rotting. It is worth remembering that cement is added to the wet premises.

We hope you have found something useful in this article for yourself. Leave your comments and questions below in the comments.

Lime in its destination material is universal. In which only the niche of construction does not use it! And the limestone plaster is confirmation! Having learned to work with such a solution, you will learn a very big chapter in repair business.

Plastering from Lime - What is it good?

Plaster with lime is based on how to interior decoration residential premises and in the finish of facades of houses. Its popularity is obliged to lime in many ways, good adhesion to different surfaces and sufficient reliability. The properties of plaster based on hazed lime are known for a long time - these are very good refractory indicators, heat insulating properties, high steam exchange rates, ease of operation and elasticity, environmental purity, lack of cracks when driving nails, high anti-grib.

Lime-covered solid wooden beams Or partitions will not sharpen rodents and beetles.Perhaps the only minus of lime is the fear of moisture, because of what to shook the lime walls in the bathroom - a rather risky lesson. However, it is enough to add another component to the lime solution, which will make it immune to moisture.

How to make a limestront for plaster without unnecessary trouble?

The number of "recipes" of preparation of solutions with the use of hareed lime is the same as the number of masters - everyone has its own special recipe, due to which the unique composition is obtained. But the basic mixtures are known to each repairman, because they are suitable for a huge list of works. Their main difference depends on the additional component, with which the lime will later be mixed.

Faced with how to prepare a lime solution for plaster, you will definitely need to master the main one classic recipe - Mix of lime and sand.

For work, we will suit any type of sand. Before mixing, you should always take care of his cleanliness - sift and rinse, because without making it, you will be awarded dubious pleasure to dig large shells or garbage from ready. Based on the so-called body fat, one part of this material will need at least two, and as a maximum of five parts of the sand. You can judge the fat content of the solution by its stickiness - if the mixture is lipotted to the shovel, which you mix it, then you need to add more sand, if it does not stick it at all, you need to add lime.

To begin with, it should be mixed less than a third of the desired amount of sand and water - it will be easier for all lumps. Only after the completion of this process should add the remaining parts of water and sand. Quite often, at this stage you will come across forgeous pieces of lime - it is necessary to get rid of them, because they can wake up and lead to the formation of cracks in the wall.

Cement - in combination with this component, the lime-based solution can be used even in wet rooms. A lime-cement solution is rarely used in the construction and finishing of new premises due to the high cost of cement, but in repairing it is capable of solving many problems. To cook it, you will need the same number of lime test and cement, and 2-5 times more sand, depending on how strong the solution you wish to get. First, mix the dry cement and sand, and in a separate container, throw the limestone dough before receiving a lime milk - for this add the same volume of water to the lime. Lime milk pour into a dry cement-sand mixture and stirring, adding water to obtain the desired density.

Lime-based plaster C is used when it is required to get a quick-conchive composition. The lime-gypsum mixture has exactly this quality - it solidifies literally for 10 minutes! It is necessary to work very quickly. It is for this reason that the masters knead small portions that immediately go to work.

To stir such a solution, you will need 3-4 parts of a ready-made conventional lime solution. We divide the solution into two parts, and alone with 1 loss of plaster. Thorning the components thoroughly, return the second half of the solution into the tank and mix again. Use it for 6 minutes, and if you do not have time, ask a partner so that he constantly stirred the composition - you will have several additional minutes.

Less frequently use lime-clay mixture. Clay, as a filler, is useful, except when it is necessary to fix a layer of clean clay, since it is not famous for strength. A mixture of clay, lime and sand is much more common in the works - this solution is useful when plastering furnaces. Of course, the formulation of lime solutions does not end - in addition to the main components, there are a mass of minor, for example, for the fortress, chopped fiberglass and PVA glue.

Lime plaster - prepare the composition and plastering walls!

We dealt with the recipe, it remains to master the plastering process itself. For the convenience of operation, the solution should not be too liquid and not too thick - so that on the shovel that we mix, the thin layer remained.

How to cook lime plaster and shuffle the walls - step-by-step scheme

Step 1: Cooking mortar

Under each wall, it is necessary to choose your solution so that the base reliably clutches with the layer of plaster. If you need to plaster, the concrete or brick surface indoors is best suited both standard lime and lime-cement composition, as well as lime-gypsum. Wooden elements are better to handle lime-gypsum solutions. When mixing, use one small cunning - add water not straight jet, but passing through the refinement, so the liquid will fall more evenly, which will facilitate the mixing process.

Step 2: Do Surface Spray

A spray is a very important stage, and they should not be neglected. This procedure increases the adhesion of the subsequent layers to the wall. To spray, you need to make a liquid solution of two parts of sand, one part of the cement and one fifth part of the lime. With the help of the Kelma, the prepared solution is attacked on the wall as a thin layer as possible. Level it is not needed.

Step 3: The main layer of plaster

Soil, or main layer, should not make a thickness of more than 5 cm. Classic is prepared for it limestone or complex composition of lime and cement. Experienced wizards pounce with a solution with celma and smash with sixrock, the beginners will be more convenient to work at first one halfurist. Apply the solution from top to bottom, wide movements. Excess you need to remove with the rule - a special plaster cutter. Do not forget to check evenness both vertically and horizontally.

Step 4: Mother

This is a finishing thin layer, with which the surface becomes perfectly smooth and homogeneous. For it, an identical spray is used. But only in contrast to the spray, the thin layer of the chipping is thoroughly resurrected by a special grater. It should be remembered that on the basis of lime is not the most durable material, so before using such a surface, you should give her time for the final frost.

Calcium hydroxide (Gaured lime, caustic) - chemical with CA (OH) 2 formula, strong base. It is a small-crystalline white powder, poorly soluble in water.

Some common names

• Slaked lime - Since it is obtained by "quenching" (that is, interactions with water) "Negarenaya" lime (calcium oxide).
• Lime milk - Silence (suspension), formed by mixing the excess of excess lime with water. Outwardly similar to milk.
• Lime water - a transparent colorless solution of calcium hydroxide, obtained by filtration or upstream of lime milk.
• Lime Pushonka - When the negascinated lime quenching is quenched with a limited amount of water, a white scattering fine-crystalline dust powder is formed.

Obtaining

It is obtained by the interaction of calcium oxide (negascinated lime) with water (the process was called "Lime Great"):

Chemical properties

Calcium hydroxide is quite a strong base, due to which the aqueous solution has a stronglyshore reaction.

Like all the bases, reacts with acids; As alkali is involved in the neutralization reactions of acids (see the neutralization reaction) to form the corresponding calcium salts, for example:

The neutralization reaction is due to the gradual obstacle of the calcium hydroxide solution when standing in air, since calcium hydroxide interacts with carbon dioxide absorbed gas, as well as solutions of other strong bases, the same reaction occurs when passing carbon dioxide Through lime water - the reaction of high-quality analysis for carbon dioxide:

With a further passage of carbon dioxide through the lime water, the solution becomes transparent again, since it is formed a sour salt - calcium bicarbonate, having a higher solubility in water, and when the solution of calcium bicarbonate is heated, it decomposes again with the separation of carbon dioxide and the carbonate precipitate falls Calcium:

Calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon oxide at a temperature of about 400 ° C:

Reacts with some salts, but the reaction occurs only if, as a result of the reaction, one of the formed substances is poorly soluble and falls into a precipitate, for example:

Application

• Lime milk is used when paving walls, fences, trees trunks.
• For the preparation of a lime mortar. Gaured lime was used for construction masonry from ancient times. Such a building solution usually consists by weight from one part of the exhaust lime and three or four parts of quartz sand. Water is added to the mixture until thick mass. In the mixture, the chemical reaction of components occurs with the formation of calcium silicates, water is distinguished in this reaction. This is a disadvantage of such a solution, as in the premises built with the use of such a solution for a long time remains increased humidity. Including therefore in modern construction Cement almost completely displaced the exhausted lime as a binder in building solutions.
• For cooking silicate

Employed not only by fertilizer, helping gardeners to grow plants, hated lime in a wide meaning of the word "application" can boast many. Haired lime - fluffs are introduced to reduce soil acidity, resorting to its assistance in the fight against pests and to achieve many other purposes. Pushonka is a mineralized substance used in the country and other sites, how much I remember myself, a lot of things in the cultivation of plants. But first we'll figure it out.

How to turn the left lime into the membrane

Lime - fertilizer in the form of a peculiar organic, perfectly included in such a necessary thing as natural agriculture. It characterizes safety for plants of vegetable garden and garden (with competent use).

If it is impossible to buy a finished push, we get it yourself. To do this, we fill with the forgent lime with water (proportion, approximately 1: 1), given important moment: When cooking is absolutely excluded in the process hot waterTherefore, the final substance simply will lose its properties. After the end of the reaction process, the contents are thoroughly stirred. Next, we look at what we want to use on the site in the future: if lime milk, we will be dragging with water 1 A 3, if the limestone dough is 1 to 1.5.

Such a lime is very effective in feeding and protecting numerous garden and garden plants. We use the fluff and individually and in combination with many substances. Harated lime rich in calcium, potassium and magnesium is very necessary for the vital activity of grown cultural plants.

Where and how gardeners are rudely engaged

• In the fight against weeds and pests.
• In the preparation of compost.
• BELIM shrubs and trees.
• We decrease, the lime of the soil, the acidity of the soil, at the same time improving its structure (comes rigorousness and reduces the flowability).

How to fight in the country area with the help of haired lime:

With weeds

We use harated lime to oppress and extermination of some weeds, for which in the autumn period is carried out quite a thorough limestation of the soil (300-400 gr / sq. M). As a result, such weeds like Horsta, drinking, as well as mocities with horse sorrel, have all the chances to die.

With a wire and a polar

Pushonka will help in the garden and everything and all. At the same time, its number we introduce into the ground without sorry - 0.5-0.7 kg / kV. m, strait and reincave everything after making (or loose). The females of the above pests are disliked neutral and weakly alkaline soil, so they simply do not put their eggs in it.

Conduct the contents of the computers in the norm (box) on the garden

Lime in them add, if necessary, processing on compost such "acid" materials, like sawdust, needles, pieces of wood and bark. This list includes and cut into the future compost. Soil with acidic soil. A separate plus at the same time can be considered an accelerated decomposition of materials in the drawer.

Teaming garden lime

Pushonka is used for whitewashing trees (shrubs), as a very efficient and extremely cheap means of protecting the upper layer of plants - the crust from pests and the sun. Whole works are desirable to produce in spring, although in the fall is not excluded. Works under the winter will contribute to the protection of trunks (svolics) from significant temperature differences. But the numerous impact of precipitation significantly reduces the protective properties of the whores of the lime of the lime, so we still consider spring.

Before processing, if necessary, we prepare, removing the bark, which died. After that, the trunks are processing lime milk (the composition see above).

It should, however, consider that the solution itself is poorly held on the treated surface (the pair of rains is sufficiently ignitus it), so it is defining the grams of 100-150 flour blades.

The second version of the contents for whitewash is instead of alee - water intake will contain additional grams of 300 clay and a kilogram of a cow. All this should also stand in a couple of hours.

But in both embodiments, the presence in the solution of hated lime copper Kaper - grams of 200-250. Everything is embedded and in the first and in the second version it is designed for a bucket of lime milk.

Loving the soil Pushonka

Acosite soil is contraindicated by many grown gardening crops. This type of soil after spring melting and even a small summer rain dry out poorly, forming a dense crust on the surface. As the result - the absence of air flow to the roots of plants. And many weeds in such land feel very freely.

How to find out the acidity of soil

On the cottage plot Special test strips can be used, appropriate devices, or attribute samples of land from the garden and the garden to laboratory analysis. But there is a guaranteed way to find out how much the soil is acidified - plants growing in it (weeds or cultural - no matter). Poor, if in the abundance is poured: the horsetail, odds, clover, drink, wormwood, moc., Olquic, sorrel; On Earth grows moss or on its surface there is a whitish layer; Answer the cabbage, swallow, carrots, onions (here about him) with garlic, cucumbers ...

Smart deoxidation Pushonka

By reducing the acidity of lands on the site using its lime, we must observe the dose for the introduction. If we make little - it will not be due to the benefit, and the explicitly exceeded rate is harmful to plants.

Approximate norms of mawed lime, grams per square. Meter (soil types):

• Heavy and clay - 600-900.
• Lightweight, linous or alumina - 400-500.
• the easiest, as well as sandy: 300-400.

Withow the deadline for re-limestrigation of the Earth: at elevated acidity - every 4 years, with intensive cultivation - every 3 years.

We make this action in the autumn period at the soil resistance. To do this, we evenly scatter the haired lime and leaving the earth.

Spring introduction - too, together with Popile - we make days 10 days before planting or sowing seeds and necessarily with wet soil. Pushonka can be applied together with mineral fertilizers. Conducting a lime to remember that all garden crops are different, some of them (potatoes, pepper, pumpkin, raspberries, honeysuckle, juniper ...) increased acidity is simply important. Therefore, it is not introduced to the beds with landings of these cultivated plants.

The result is such - harated lime is a good assistant in obtaining excellent crop All dacms and gardeners. This accessible tool will help create comfort by those cultures that you preferred for growing.

When connecting the SAO with water lime "to quench and goes into hydrate calcium oxide", the process of quenching the lime is accompanied by a large heat release, and the transformation of solid pieces into a loose white powder (flush). How the alkali harated lime has a property to decompose ammonium compounds with the liberation of ammonia, so dung Zhig. When disinfection, haired lime loses his helpful properties (as nitrogen fertilizer).

Negained lime strongly absorbs water from the air, and in order to avoid turning it into hydrate calcium oxide to store the forgent lime is necessary in a dry room. Negative or harated lime, being in a dry form (in pieces or powder), a destructive action on the microbes does not possess. The bactericidal action of lime affects only in a mixture with water and is caused by the presence of hydroxyl hydrate ions of calcium hydrate in the solution.

Before disinfection, you must first repay and prepare lime milk from it. Hairted lime after 6 hours of preparation for disinfection purposes becomes not suitable, since the lime milk absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and turns into a negative chalk in disinfectionality.

Preparation of lime milk.

Lime milk must be prepared only from fresh lime. It is followed as follows: on the bottom of the flat-bottomed dishes (clay or wooden) poured 200-250 ml. Waters, and then put into one layer of slices of oversized lime in the amount of 1 kg. And, slowly stirring, add water to 1l. Slices of lime are very hot and scattered in a white dry powder (flock), which is a hydrate calcium oxide hydrate. For the preparation of 10% of the lime milk it is necessary 1 kg of hazed lime 9 liters water. The addition of one tablespoon of green soap on 1/2 bucket of lime milk provides a more dense bunch of lime milk with walls.