Melilot medicinal Latin. Yellow clover grass: medicinal properties and contraindications for diabetes and epilepsy
Beneficial features and contraindications of sweet clover are known in most European countries. Some types of grass are found in India, China, Northern and South America... This vegetable raw material is used not only for medical purposes, but also in cooking, perfumery, alcoholic beverage industry, it is used for flavoring food and tobacco products.
Features of a medicinal plant
Yellow melilot grows in the wild. It is a good fodder plant, a green soil fertilizer and a quality honey plant. Recently, its healing properties are more and more appreciated, therefore in some countries it is cultivated, new varieties are being developed.
Area
It is a medicinal plant of the steppe and forest-steppe zone. Distributed throughout the European part. Loves the southern regions, Minor, Central Asia, the Caucasus. In Russia, it can be found even in Western Siberia. Most types of sweet clover grow in Ukraine. Also, this plant can be found in North and South America, New Zealand.
Botanical characteristics of sweet clover
It's biennial herbaceous plant... Differs in a branched, erect stem. Its height can reach from 50 to 150 cm. Leaves with a serrated edge, trifoliate. The plant is easily recognized by its characteristic bright yellow flowers, which are collected in thin clusters in the form of spikelets. Donets exudes the aroma of coumarin, it can be described as "the smell of freshly cut grass."
Other types
There are three more types of this plant that are used in folk medicine and beekeeping.
Procurement of raw materials
The dried sweet clover has a fragrant, pleasant smell of cut grass. It is important to maintain storage conditions - to protect the grass from moisture. When mold appears, raw materials must not be consumed.
Healing action
What are medicinal properties sweet clover medicinal?
- Expectorant.
- Anticonvulsant.
- Emollient.
- Calming.
- Wound healing.
- Anticoagulant (anticoagulant).
- Pain reliever.
- Absorbent.
- Carminative.
- Anti-inflammatory.
- Distracting.
What's in the chemical composition?
- Coumarin, dicumarin (prevent blood clotting).
- Organic acids.
- Glycosides.
- Slime.
- Vitamins C, A.
- Essential oil.
- Flavonoids.
- Tannins.
Indications
What are the indications for the yellow clover treatment?
- Varicose veins. The herb reduces capillary permeability. The main application of sweet clover is chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis, hemorrhoids. Herbal medicines help relieve pain, itching, swelling, heaviness in the legs, cramps with venous insufficiency.
- External use... Compresses and lotions are used for bruises, sprains, subcutaneous hemorrhages, non-healing wounds, abscesses, boils, tumors. The remedy well stops external bleeding, relieves swelling, inflammation in the joints, pain in rheumatism, arthrosis, gout. With fluxes, it is recommended to rinse the mouth with decoctions of sweet clover.
- Respiratory system . Broths help with coughs, inflammation of the respiratory system. They are prescribed for bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis.
- Digestive organs... Sweet clover herb acts as a mild laxative and carminative. Helps with indigestion, relieves cramps, bloating.
- Nervous system . The remedy is known for its sedative, narcotic properties, relaxes nervous system, helps with insomnia, neurasthenia, psychosis. They drink it for migraines, severe headaches, convulsions.
- Leukopenia (decrease in the level of leukocytes). Often the disease develops after radiation therapy for cancer. The herb helps to increase leukocytes.
- For women . Nursing mothers apply compresses for inflammation of the mammary glands (mastitis), cracked nipples. They act as a distracting and anti-inflammatory agent. Also, the herb normalizes the menstrual cycle, it is used to treat ovarian inflammation. It is useful to drink with menopause - it relieves irritability, tension, normalizes sleep.
- For men . Most often, the remedy is used for prostate adenoma, which develops in men after 50 years. The herb acts as an absorbent, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.
Contraindications of yellow melilot: low blood coagulation, hemorrhagic diathesis (tendency to internal and external bleeding), liver disease, pregnancy, childhood. The herb is dangerous for the kidneys, for diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders. Medical advice before using this herb is strictly required.
Methods of preparation and use of sweet clover
What is the use of sweet clover at home? Decoctions, infusions, ointments are prepared from the herb. It is also used in cooking, and sweet clover honey is one of the highest quality varieties of honey.
Decoction
The herb can be brewed separately. It is also often included in the fees used to treat abscesses. It is a good emollient, anti-inflammatory, expectorant. It is taken for varicose veins, insomnia, respiratory diseases.
Preparation
- Take 1 tbsp. spoonful of herbs.
- Pour a glass of boiling water over.
- Boil for 1 minute.
- Insist 1 hour.
- Strain.
Broths are taken orally in 1 tbsp. spoon after meals 3 times a day. Used externally in the form of lotions and compresses.
Infusion
There are several recipes for infusions. Coarser infusions are recommended to be applied externally.
Cooking a weak infusion
- Take 1 tsp. herbs.
- Pour a glass of boiling water over.
- Insist 40 minutes.
- Strain.
Warm infusion is taken orally ¼ cup 3 times a day. Good for insomnia and nervous disorders.
Preparation of concentrated infusion
- Take 1 tbsp. l. herbs.
- Pour a glass of boiling water over.
- Insist 2 hours.
- Strain.
This infusion can be taken in 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.
In gynecology, infusions are taken orally, they are also used externally in the form of douching, tampons, baths. Concentrated infusions are added to therapeutic baths for joint diseases.
Ointment
The ointment is prepared on the basis of fat - melted pork, duck, goose, butter or petroleum jelly. It can be used for mastitis, diseases of the blood vessels and joints, for bruises, bruises, abscesses, for the ripening of boils.
Preparation
- Take 1 tbsp. l. herbs.
- Mix with ¼ cup duck fat.
- Bring the mixture to a boil.
- Insist until cool.
The ointment is applied to a napkin and applied to the affected skin area or sore spot.
Features of use for varicose veins
Treatment of varicose veins is a long and complex process. It is important to include correct diet and drinking regimen, gymnastics, massage. An important role is influenced by the patient's lifestyle, age, occupation. There are positive reviews about the treatment of yellow melilot with the threat of blood clots. Varicose veins are also treated with other herbal remedies: horse chestnut, figs, hare cabbage, hops, thistle, comfrey, milk thistle, Kalanchoe, goat's rue, lungwort, asparagus.
How to prepare a decoction to treat veins
- Take 1 tbsp. l. dry grass.
- Pour in 2 glasses warm water(not boiling water!).
- Insist 4 hours.
- Strain.
How to use herbal for veins? Drink 1 dessert spoon 3 times a day before meals. Doctors recommend taking this herb together with other herbs.
How to prepare herbal remedy for vein treatment
- Take 2 parts each of milk thistle herb, hazel leaves.
- Add 1 part each of melilot grass and prickly steel.
- Mix and take 1 tbsp. collection spoon.
- Pour in 1.5 cups of water.
- Boil for 10 minutes and leave for 1 hour.
Take a collection of ¼ glass 3 times before meals.
Melilot honey
Melilot exudes a lot of nectar. Due to the unique structure of the flower, the nectar does not evaporate in hot weather and is not washed off by rain. This honey plant is grown industrially to obtain valuable melilot honey. The greatest honey productivity is given by annual and white sweet clover. Melilot honey is not only a useful delicacy, but also a valuable medicine. It is used externally for mastitis, abscesses, tumors, pain in muscles and joints. Inside take for cough, hypertension, indigestion, headaches, fatigue, neuroses. Read more about it in our other article.
Cooking
Among the Slavic peoples, sweet clover is not such a well-known herb in cooking. However, among southerners and Caucasian peoples, this is a popular seasoning for fish and meat dishes. Fresh, dry leaves and flowers are salted, preserved, salads and soups are prepared from them, they are added to homemade cheeses and liqueurs. As a seasoning, sweet clover should be used sparingly, as its excess in the diet can cause side effects.
Side effects
Medicinal sweet clover - poisonous plant... Overdose and uncontrolled intake lead to severe side effects:
- dizziness;
- drowsiness;
- headache;
- nausea and vomiting;
- hemorrhage;
- paralysis.
What is important to know?
- Do not increase the dosage of the herb.
- Do not give to children.
- If you experience any side effects, consult a doctor immediately.
- White sweet clover is considered more toxic, so it is much less commonly used as a medicine.
Melilotus officinalis is the first remedy for varicose veins and hemorrhoids. Also, the herb is effective for cramps, nervous system agitation, insomnia. It is an effective distracting, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent for mastitis, rheumatism, gout. Ointments, compresses are made from it and applied to sore spots.
Yellow sweet clover (medicinal) (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.) Is a biennial herb from the legume family. Taproot, branched. The stem is straight, high, up to 1 m, branched, dense, woody at the base. The leaves are trifoliate. The middle leaf has a long petiole, two lateral ones are almost sessile. Flowers are yellow, fragrant, moth-shaped, collected in elongated brushes. Fruits are single to two-seeded beans, small, ovoid. One individual produces up to 17,000 seeds. Blooms in June and September.
Melilot is a plant of dry wastelands, slopes, outskirts of roads and fields. Contains 0.4-0.9% coumarin and its derivatives, the plant has the smell of fresh hay, which intensifies when dried. In addition to coumarin, the plant contains mucus, choline, tannins and resinous substances, flavone glycoside (in flowers).
For medicinal purposes, the aerial part of the plant with flowers is used, excluding the lower woody parts of the stem. Melilot grass is a part of an exhaust plaster, it is used for emollient poultices for abscesses and suppurations. Such poultices facilitate the opening of abscesses and boils. A decoction of the herb is taken inside when coughing.
In folk medicine, a decoction of sweet clover herb is drunk for coughs and abdominal pains, nursing mothers use it to increase the amount of milk. Boiling herbal vapors affect sore ears with middle ear inflammation. Infusion of sweet clover is taken for migraine, with menopausal complaints. Outwardly, the infusion is used for swelling of the joints affected by rheumatism, for inflammation of the nipples in nursing women, for purulent wounds. Infusion of sweet clover for external use is prepared from two teaspoons of grass, which is poured with half a liter of boiling water and left for 20 minutes in a well-sealed container, consumed cold. An infusion for internal use is obtained from two teaspoons of chopped herbs, filled with two glasses of water and left for 2-3 hours (daily dose). When taking sweet clover preparations, care must be taken, since excessive doses cause vomiting, headache, drowsiness, and toxic doses can cause liver damage and hemorrhage.
The no less widespread white sweet clover is very similar to the described species. It is distinguished by its white color. In folk medicine, a decoction of its herb has been used for fever and abdominal pain. From its flowers and leaves, mixed with butter, an ointment was prepared, which was used to heal cuts and for colds. But the effect of the grass of the white sweet clover is somewhat weaker than that of the yellow one.
Both types of sweet clover are good honey plants and good forage plants. They perfectly tolerate soil salinization and therefore are promising for the development of salt marshes. Melilot is a part of hay, giving it a pleasant smell. In some places, pots against sour milk are hovering with yellow melilot grass.
When collecting, do not mix the two types of sweet clover. Collect the flowering tops of plants with leaves and flowers, separating them from the rough stems. Raw materials are dried in the open air or in a well-ventilated area.
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In folk medicine, it is used mainly as a remedy for seizures and hemorrhoids. The favorite form is tea, but ointments based on pork fat are also made. They are used by sweet clover for the care of veins and as a rubbing for swelling of the legs.
Latin name: Melilotus officinalis.
English name: Yellow Melilot, Ribbed Melilot, or Common Melilot.
Family: Legumes - Fabaceae (Leguminosae)
Popular names: bottom grass, burkun, burkunets, female sweet clover, wild buckwheat.
Pharmacy name: sweet clover herb - Meliloti herba (formerly: Negba Meliloti).
Used parts of the medicinal plant and harvesting: the flowering herb of sweet clover is collected, while preferring the upper non-coarse parts. Dry in the shade. Temperatures over 35 ° C are undesirable. The aroma increases during drying, so dry slowly.
Botanical Description: sweet clover officinalis is a biennial plant with a branched, ascending or erect stem. The height varies between 50 and 150 cm. The leaves are trifoliate, with a serrate edge. Numerous yellow moth flowers are collected in long loose spike-shaped racemes. The whole plant smells like coumarin. This smell is greatly enhanced by drying. Sweet clover blooms from June to August. The usual habitats of sweet clover are gravelly wastelands. It can also be found along forest edges, wastelands and railway embankments. Tall melilot (Melilotus aliissimus Thuill.) Differs little from the described species. It is also used medicinally. White melilot (Melilotus albus Med.) With white flowers is less effective.
Habitat: continental Europe, Minor, Central, Central Asia, Caucasus. In Ukraine and Russia, it is found everywhere. Melilotus officinalis grows in wastelands, meadows, along roads.
Active ingredients: Melilotin, from which coumarin is released during drying by enzymatic cleavage; saponins, tannins, flavonoids, mucus and some essential oil (primarily in flowers).
Medicinal sweet clover - medicinal properties and application
The action of sweet clover mainly affects the veins. We can say that thanks to the melilot, capillary resistance (the resistance force of the thinnest blood vessels) increases and capillary permeability decreases. The main area of application of the sweet clover is varicose veins and hemorrhoids. There are numerous herbal preparations that are taken orally, as well as ointments containing the active ingredients of sweet clover. Due to the changing content of the active substances of sweet clover in the pharmaceutical raw materials, many doctors believe that the use of tea should be abandoned, but I think that in case of vein diseases it can still be recommended.
In the monograph, developed by the commission of the State Health Service of Germany, in the heading of the use of sweet clover and its preparations, it is indicated:
Internal use of medicinal sweet clover: disorders in chronic venous insufficiency, such as a feeling of pain and heaviness in the legs, night cramps in the calves, itching and swelling. As an adjunct in the treatment of thrombophlebitis, post-thrombotic syndrome, hemorrhoids and lymphostasis.
External use of medicinal sweet clover: bruises, sprains and superficial hemorrhages.
- Recipe for herbal tea from medicinal sweet clover: 1-2 teaspoons of crushed raw materials are scalded with boiling water and insisted for 10 minutes. After straining, the tea is ready to drink. Dosage: 2-3 cups a day.
Melilotus officinalis in folk medicine
In folk medicine, sweet clover is used mainly as a remedy for seizures and hemorrhoids. The favorite form is tea, but ointments based on pork fat are also made. They are used to care for veins and as a rub for swelling of the legs. On the inflamed joints and tumors they put a herbal cushion made of sweet clover, they also try to use it for boils and carbuncles so that they mature. Tea made from sweet clover is also used for coughing. A 1926 German handbook lists a collection called "softening herbs" that includes sweet clover. This mixture is still used now, so I am giving its recipe.
- Emollient herbs: marshmallow leaves, mallow leaves, sweet clover, chamomile, flax seed are mixed in equal amounts and ground into a coarse powder for compresses. The mixture is placed in a linen bag, which is kept for 10 minutes in hot water, and then applied to the sore spot.
Side effects. When using sweet clover, there is no need to be afraid of medicinal side effects. Sometimes, however, it causes a headache in sensitive people when taking tea, which is due to the presence of coumarin.
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The site provides background information for information only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. A specialist consultation is required!
About 10 species grow on the territory of Russia sweet clover, however, two of them have found the greatest application in folk medicine - medicinal sweet clover (yellow) and white sweet clover. Both types of sweet clover grow in the fields, along ravines and roads, mainly as a weed. The properties, use and contraindications to the use of these types of plants will be discussed in this article.Description of the plant
Medicinal sweet clover
Melilotus officinalis (yellow) differs in high (up to one meter) branched stems and yellow flowers.This type of sweet clover (as opposed to white) is more studied, and therefore it is much more widely used both in folk and traditional medicine, in the treatment of the following conditions:
- increased nervous irritability;
- migraine;
- insomnia;
- menstrual irregularities;
- hysteria;
- melancholy;
- mastitis;
- furunculosis;
- bronchitis;
- dropsy;
- flatulence;
- purulent wounds.
White melilot
White sweet clover has small flowers white. Chemical composition and the properties of white sweet clover and yellow sweet clover are different.Important! White sweet clover is poisonous, for this reason it is used as a remedy only by experienced herbalists.
This type of sweet clover has insecticidal properties, that is, it repels blood-sucking insects, for which the plant must be crushed or kneaded until sap forms.
The plant is used for:
1.
Removal of worms.
2.
Increased appetite.
3.
Treatment of boils, ulcers, abscesses.
Melilot treatment
WITH therapeutic purpose the flowering top (grass) of the sweet clover is used, namely the leaves and flowers.Melilot grass
The herb is a constituent of emollients used as poultices for the treatment of corns, festering and poorly healing wounds and ulcers, and joint swellings. In addition, sweet clover herb helps to heal the following diseases:
- thrombophlebitis;
- lymphostasis;
- cold;
- cough;
- inflammation of the ovaries;
- skin diseases;
- inflammation of the eyelids.
Flowers
Well steamed flowers of the plant are recommended to be applied to cold sores, as well as slowly forming boils. Also, through the flowers of sweet clover, you can cure gumboil, otitis media, breast suppuration in women.As an ointment, the flowers of the plant are used to treat skin diseases and difficult-to-heal wounds.
Collection and storage
Melilot (both medicinal and white) is harvested during its flowering, that is, from June to August. In the process of collecting, the plants are cut with knives at its tops, as well as lateral shoots, the length of which does not exceed 30 cm, but thick and rough stems are not suitable for preparing medicines.It is recommended to collect sweet clover in dry weather: the fact is that a wet plant, harvested immediately after rain, quickly warms up and darkens, as a result of which its healing properties weaken. The collected sweet clover should be dried immediately, for which the raw material is laid out on paper under a well-ventilated canopy, in a thin layer (the layer thickness should not exceed 7 cm), while the raw material must be periodically turned over. Drying of the plant stops when the stems become brittle. It is important not to overdry the raw materials, otherwise the leaves may crumble.
If a dryer is used to dry the plants, then the temperature in it should not be more than 40 degrees. When properly dried, sweet clover smells like fresh hay, and tastes salty and bitter. Dried raw materials are suitable for use for two years, and because of the strong odor they are stored in a hermetically sealed container, in a place well protected from light.
Important! Melilotus officinalis and white, often growing in a mixture, should not be mixed during drying and harvesting of raw materials.
Composition and properties of medicinal sweet clover
CoumarinCoumarin action:
- increased systolic blood pressure;
- an increase in the amount of blood ejected by the heart in one minute;
- an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood;
- improvement of cerebral and peripheral blood supply;
- improvement of blood circulation in the abdominal organs;
- depression of the central nervous system.
This substance prevents blood from clotting, thereby helping to prevent blood clots.
Melilotin
It is from this substance that coumarin is released during the drying of sweet clover, due to enzymatic degradation.
Choline
Choline properties:
- assimilation of fats;
- normalization of the functioning of the liver, as well as the gallbladder;
- lowering blood cholesterol;
- improved attention;
- stimulation of cardiac activity;
- strengthening the nervous system;
- stimulation of intestinal smooth muscles;
- prevention of premature aging.
Tannins destroy the protein structure, as a result of which a protective albuminate film is formed, which has a bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect on microorganisms. Tannins have astringent properties.
Mucous substances
They are used as enveloping and emollient agents in the treatment of burns, diseases of the upper respiratory tract, and also of the digestive system.
Resins
They have a bactericidal, bacteriostatic and anti-putrefactive effect, due to which they are widely used in medicine in the manufacture of plasters and tinctures.
Saponins
Action of saponins:
- regulation of water-salt metabolism;
- elimination of inflammatory processes;
- lowering blood pressure;
- normalization of cholesterol metabolism;
- strengthening the body's defenses.
- anti-inflammatory;
- diaphoretic;
- fortifying;
- emetic;
- expectorant;
- diuretic;
- choleretic.
Protein is a source of energy that provides the human body with hormones, antibodies and other vital enzymes (for example, amino acids that provide the structure of new tissues, in particular muscles and internal organs). Also, the protein provides the restoration and support of the already existing structural elements listed above. A lack of protein can lead to digestive problems and fluid retention.
Starch
Starch is a complex carbohydrate with a high energy value. It is starch that, passing through the gastrointestinal tract, is transformed into glucose, which is a source of energy for the work of all muscle groups, including the heart.
Flavonoids
Flavonoid properties:
- antitoxic;
- antimicrobial;
- antiallergic;
- choleretic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- wound healing;
- antineoplastic;
- bactericidal;
- diuretic;
- antispasmodic;
- antipyretic;
- anti-asthmatic.
Vitamin C
The action of ascorbic acid:
- normalization of the functioning of the central nervous system;
- stimulating the activity of the endocrine glands;
- improved absorption of iron;
- normalization of the hematopoiesis process;
- elimination of toxins.
Tocopherol
Properties of tocopherol (vitamin E):
- stimulating the production of estrogen;
- acceleration of wound healing on the skin;
- protection of the skin from the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation;
- slowing down the aging of the skin;
- maintaining the water-lipid balance, which allows you to eliminate skin flaking;
- elimination of acne;
- stimulating the work of the glands, including the genitals;
- elimination of puffiness;
- improving the absorption of vitamin A by the body.
Fatty oils contain both unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids that are not produced by the human body, but are extremely important for health. In addition, it is precisely in the composition fatty oils contains many vitamins that provide skin regeneration.
Thanks to the listed healing properties Melilotus officinalis plant is used in official medicine as an effective anticonvulsant. And in folk medicine, the use of this plant is much wider. So, medicinal melilot preparations are used as pain relievers, antiseptic, wound healing, sedatives and expectorants.
Composition and properties of white sweet clover
Chemical composition of white sweet clover:- coumarin;
- choline;
- resinous substances;
- vitamin C;
- fixed oils;
- tocopherol;
- okumaric acid;
- tannin;
- essential oil;
- protein;
- ash.
Okumaric acid
This substance has antiseptic properties.
Tannin
A substance belonging to the class of tannins, which, in the process of modifying the protein of the cells, forms a protective film, thereby exerting both bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on pathogens. Preparations of white clover (due to the presence of tannin in the plant) have an astringent effect, as a result of which they are widely used as mouth rinses, wound healing agents for burns. Also, tannin helps to normalize the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate the symptoms accompanying poisoning with heavy metals or plant poisons.
Essential oil
Possesses the following properties:
- pain reliever;
- sedative;
- anti-spasmodic;
- bactericidal;
- antiseptic;
- anti-inflammatory.
Protein
Protein properties:
- increased immunity;
- participation in building muscle mass;
- ensuring the synthesis of hormones and enzymes.
The ashes contained in the white melilot have anti-inflammatory and disinfecting effects, due to which compresses and ointments from this plant are used to treat purulent wounds and boils.
White melilot has the following pharmacological properties:
- anticoagulant (slows down blood clotting);
- fibrinolytic (dissolves intravascular thrombi, due to which it is used in the treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis);
- antiseptic;
- anti-inflammatory;
- wound healing.
The use of sweet clover
Melilotus officinalis has an expectorant and softening effect, therefore it is indicated for diseases of the respiratory system. The plant has analgesic, sedative and anti-spasmodic properties, thanks to which it is used to treat the following conditions:
- headache provoked by hypertension;
- climacteric neurosis;
It has been proven that medicinal melilot preparations have the following effect on the body:
- significantly improve blood supply to both the myocardium and peritoneal organs;
- eliminate cramps;
- reduce blood clotting;
- promote the regeneration of liver cells;
- increase the content of leukocytes in the blood;
- increase milk production in nursing mothers.
Melilotus officinalis has also found application in the treatment of female diseases and disorders, including:
- violation of the menstrual cycle;
- diseases of the female genital organs.
Melilot medicinal preparations are effective both for internal and external use. So, when applied externally (in the form of poultices, compresses and powder), this plant promotes rapid maturation, softening and, accordingly, the opening of abscesses, ulcers, abscesses and boils.
Also, the external use of sweet clover is indicated for the following diseases:
- rheumatism;
- decoctions;
- infusions;
- tinctures;
- ointments;
- extracts;
- compresses and baths.
Melilot decoction
20 g of dry and crushed raw materials (herbs) are poured with two glasses of water and boiled for half an hour over low heat, after which the broth is filtered and consumed in 1 tablespoon, two to three times a day. This broth is indicated for such diseases:- kidney and liver diseases.
Infusion
2 tsp finely chopped sweet clover herbs are poured into two glasses cold water and insisted for 4 hours. Then the infusion is filtered, and one third of the glass is drunk no more than three times a day, 40 minutes before meals. Taking the infusion will help relieve pain and relieve spasms.Tincture
Pour 100 g of dry grass with 500 ml of vodka or 40% diluted alcohol. Medicine infused for 14 days, and then filtered and taken internally 15 drops three times a day, before meals (the infusion is washed down with a small amount of water). The tincture is used in the treatment of infertility, endometriosis and migraine. Also, this recipe helps to restore hormonal levels. The tincture is stored for two years in the refrigerator.Sweet clover ointment
2 tbsp the dried flowers of the sweet clover must be thoroughly ground into a powder, to which 50 g of petroleum jelly is then added (fat or vegetable oil can be used). The resulting mass is well mixed and applied to the affected skin. The ointment promotes rapid healing of boils, carbuncles and purulent wounds.Melilot extract
50 g of chopped herbs are poured into 500 ml of alcohol or vodka, and infused for 10 days in a dark place. The tincture is filtered and taken in 20 drops, twice a day.Compresses and baths
For external use, an infusion is prepared, for the preparation of which 2 tbsp. raw materials are poured with 500 ml of boiling water. The resulting product is infused for 30 minutes and filtered. The infusion will help relieve inflammation and promote rapid wound healing.Melilot honey is widely used in the treatment of the following conditions:
- joint swelling;
- inflammation of the mammary glands;
- bronchitis;
| Medicinal sweet clover | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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| Kingdom: |
Plants |
| Department: |
Flowering plants |
| Class: |
Dicotyledonous |
| Order: |
Leguminous |
| Family: | |
| Subfamily: |
Moth |
| Genus: | |
| View: |
Medicinal sweet clover |
| International scientific name | |
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Melilotus officinalis(L.) Lam. |
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| View in taxonomic databases | |
| CoL | |
Donnik medicinal, or yellow(lat. Melilotus officinalis) is a biennial herb of the legume family ( Fabaceae).
Popular names: moth grass, wild buckwheat, yellow barkun, female sweet clover, hare chill.
Description
Biennial herb up to 1-2 m high, with a coumarin smell (the smell of fresh hay). Taproot. Stem (usually one) straight, branched, glabrous, slightly pubescent in the upper part. The leaves are alternate, trifoliate with two lanceolate solid or toothed stipules, on long petioles.
Flowers are small, bright yellow, moth-shaped, on short pedicels, collected in multi-flowered axillary racemes (with 30-70 drooping flowers). The calyx is five-toothed. The corolla is of the moth type.
The fruit is a single-seeded, ovoid pod, with transverse wrinkles. Seeds are oval, green-yellow, smooth or small tuberous.
Chemical composition
Sweet clover herb contains coumarin (up to 0.9%), coumarinic acid, dicumarol, melilotin, melilotic acid, glycoside methylotoside, flavonoids, purine derivatives, fat-like substances, mucus, protein (17.6%), essential oil (0.01 %), ascorbic acid (up to 389 mg%), carotene (up to 84 mg%), vitamin E (over 45 mg%). Seeds contain up to 42% fatty oil.
The aboveground part contains ash - 7.00%; macroelements (mg / g): K - 24.10, Ca - 18.20, Mg - 3.00, Fe - 0.50; trace elements (CBN): Mn - 0.12, Cu - 0.40, Zn - 0.35, Co - 0.08, Mo - 11.20, Cr - 0.04, Al - 0.12, Ba - 023 , Se - 18.60, Ni - 0.19, Sr - 1.12, Pb - 0.09. B - 65.20 μg / g. Concentrates Fe, Sr, Mo, Se, especially Mo, Se.
Distribution and habitat
On the territory of Russia, it is found everywhere, often as a weed of grain crops and clover.
Common in all natural and administrative regions of the Saratov Right Bank. In the Rtishchevsky district, it was noted near the village of Temp.
Features of biology and ecology
It grows along forest edges, in ravines, along roads, in dry meadows, wastelands, in bushes on fresh and dry soils.
Blooms from June to autumn; fruits ripen from July to late autumn. Propagated by seeds.
Economic value and application
In medicine
Melilot herb is harvested as a medicinal raw material. Melilot medicinal preparations have an expectorant, sedative, softening, analgesic and anticoagulant effect, improve venous circulation and lymph flow. In large doses, they depress the central nervous system, adversely affect smooth muscles.
Melilot is also used externally to soften and dissolve infiltrates, boils, carbuncles, abscesses, edema, and cuts.
Melilot tea is given to patients with embolism, thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and myocardial infarction. Due to the presence of dicoumarin, blood viscosity decreases and its coagulability decreases.
In other areas
In the Caucasus, young roots are eaten raw or boiled, and the leaves are used as a culinary spice. Used to make green cheese. The leaves are used as a flavoring agent in the dairy, meat, fish, tobacco and soft drink industries. It is used for aromatization of soap and as an odor fixer in the perfumery and alcoholic beverage industry.
Insecticide for moths, ratsicide. Fodder for farm animals. It is used for feeding livestock in the form of silage. In terms of its nutritional value, it is not inferior to alfalfa.
Honey plant. Yields from one hectare to 300 (800) kg of honey, light amber, transparent, sweet, with a sharp aroma. They are bred near apiaries, in special plots of land, on the slopes of ravines.
Literature
- Burmistrov A.N., Nikitina V.A. Honey plants and their pollen: A Handbook. - M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1990 .-- 192 p. - ISBN 5-260-00145-1. - P. 55
- Yelenevsky A.G., Radygina V.I., Bulany Yu.I. Plants of the Saratov Right Bank (compendium of flora). - Saratov: Publishing house Sarat. pedin-ta, 2000. - ISBN 5-87077-047-5. - P. 41
- Nikolaychuk L.V., Zhigar M.P. Healing plants: Medicinal properties. Culinary recipes... Application in cosmetics. - 2nd ed., Stereotyped, - Kh .: Prapor, 1992. - pp. 65-66
- Universal encyclopedia medicinal plants/ Comp. I. Putyrsky, V. Prokhorov. - Minsk: Book House; M .: Makhaon, 2000 .-- S. 121-122
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| White melilot | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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| Kingdom: |
Plants |
| Department: |
Flowering plants |
| Class: |
Dicotyledonous |
| Order: |
Leguminous |
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Moth |
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White melilot |
| International scientific name | |
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Melilotus albus Medik. |
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| View in taxonomic databases | |
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White melilot(lat. Melilotus albus) is a one- and biennial herb of the legume family ( Fabaceae).
Description
Top of a flowering plant
Biennial, less often annual, with a branched taproot, penetrating to a depth of 2 m or more. Stems are straight, 0.3-1.5 m tall, branched, sometimes slightly reddening in the lower part, with short hairs above. On damp soils it forms a very tall bush, on dry soils it is lower and less often leafy. Stipules subulate, entire. Leaves on petioles, arranged alternately on the stem, trifoliate - they consist of three toothed leaflets at the edges with 6-12 pairs of veins. The leaflets of the lower leaves are rounded or oval, the upper ones are narrowly elliptical or linear.
Flowers are small, 3-6 mm long, drooping, white; collected at the apex of 40-80 in narrow, loose, very long spike-shaped racemes emerging from the leaf axils. Pedicels are 2 times shorter than flowers.
Fruits are yellowish-brown, darkening, ovoid beans, with reticulate veins, 4-5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, hanging on arcuate-curved legs, with one, rarely two seeds. Seeds are smooth or lumpy, brownish-yellow, about 2.5 mm long.
Chemical composition
The chemical composition of white melilot has been studied quite well. In the flowering phase, it contains about (from absolutely dry matter in percent): 13-20 protein, 12-14 protein, 2-3 fat, 25-37 fiber and 40-47 nitrogen-free extractives.
The aerial part of the plant contains a significant amount of coumarin (1.410-0.140%), more than in other types of sweet clover, melilotic acid, choline, tannin, resinous substances, essential oil, ascorbic acid (up to 280 mg%), tocopherol (up to 45 mg %). The seeds contain a fatty oil.
Distribution and habitats
In the wild, it grows almost throughout Eurasia, except for the Arctic and the Far East. In Russia, it is distributed in the European part, Western Siberia, in the Caucasus.
Common in all natural and administrative regions of the Saratov Right Bank. In the Rtishchevsky district, marked on the former bypass railroad Shuklino - Rtishchevo-2.
Features of biology and ecology
Occurs along chalk, limestone, meadows, steppes and steppe slopes, valleys of steppe rivers and logs, clay bank cliffs, pebbles, on marshy meadows near springs, along dry edges of pine forests. It often grows like a weed in disturbed habitats: near buildings, in vegetable gardens, along roadsides, garbage places, railway embankments. In northern and middle latitudes, white sweet clover is often found in fallow fields.
Blooms from late June to September. Blooms 2 weeks later than sweet clover. The fruits ripen in July - October. Seeds remain viable for over 10 years.
The plant is poisonous, emits a faint coumarin aroma (hay aroma).
Economic value and application
In medicine
The medicinal raw material is white sweet clover herb, which is harvested during the flowering period of the plant. The plant has anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects.
Previously, white melilot was used in medicine as a distracting and irritating agent for the manufacture of a melilot (abscess) plaster, which was at one time produced by the industry, and then it was prepared in pharmacies.
Currently, white sweet clover is used only in folk medicine. The roots are used for thrombosis. Infusion or decoction from the aerial part of the plant as lactogenic, anti-febrile, with ascites; in Bulgaria - for headaches. Leaves and flowers ointment - wound healing.
In other areas
White sweet clover honey
White sweet clover - excellent honey plant... It happens in the midst of flowering, when the white clover and alfalfa have already faded. Flowering lasts up to two months or more; when fed or mowed, it blooms again until frost. Bees were observed there even in October. The period of nectar excretion is long and the excretion itself is abundant. Bees receive up to 0.09 mg of nectar from one flower. The nectar is colorless, transparent, with a strong coumarin odor and an average sugar content of up to 45%, contains 100.8 kg of sugar per hectare. Honey from white sweet clover is almost colorless, sometimes it acquires a light amber or greenish tint. Its aroma is somewhat reminiscent of vanilla. The density of honey is average. Honey productivity of white sweet clover is 500 kg per 1 ha. It gives more honey when it rains frequently.
White melilot is also a fodder plant for all types of farm animals and poultry. In the wild, when it grows in small quantities in a mixture with other plants, it is readily eaten only if there are few other plants or the cattle have been accustomed to it before. It is usually poorly eaten only in the first 3-4 days, and then very willingly. There were even cases when cows, after grazing on melilot and wheatgrass, left to themselves, preferred sweet clover. Camels eat sweet clover even without any preliminary preparation. The reason for the poor eating of sweet clover in the first days is the presence of coumarin in it, which gives the sweet clover a specific smell and bitter taste. However, the white sweet clover is eaten well only before budding, then the animals bite only the leaves and therefore during the flowering - fruiting period, its consumption rate does not exceed 20-25%. May cause poisoning in farm animals. White melilot also produces highly nutritious silage, especially when mixed with cereals.
Nice meadow grass. With early mowing, the green mass can be used to prepare highly nutritious grass flour, briquettes. Sometimes used for green fertilization (in the Volga region). It is highly valued on short-term pastures and hayfields, mainly on saline lands of the open steppe, which it tolerates well. This is the most salt-tolerant and at the same time quite drought-resistant plant among the herbs introduced into cultivation in Russia. Suitable for reclamation of salt licks.
The aerial part of the plant is used in the alcoholic beverage and tobacco industries to flavor beer and tobacco. The stems are suitable for making fibers for rope and burlap. Its fiber is 5-18 mm long, it is characterized by weak lignification. The fiber yield is 6-7% of the dry stem weight. Insecticide ratikid.
White sweet clover was introduced into the culture about 200 years ago in France. Widely cultivated in the arid regions of the United States and Canada. Within the territory of the former USSR not widespread in culture - in Siberia, Northern Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Cultural coumarin-free forms have been bred.
Literature
- Atlas wild plants Leningrad region. - M .: Partnership scientific publications, 2010 .-- S. 448
- Vekhov V.N. and others. Cultivated plants USSR / Otv. ed. T.A. Rabotnov. - M .: Mysl, 1978 .-- S. 173-174
- Glukhov M.M. Honey plants. Ed. 7th, rev. and add. - M .: Kolos, 1974 .-- S. 190-191
- Forage plants of hayfields and pastures of the USSR / ed. prof. I. V. Larina. - T. II Dicotyledonous (Chloranta - Legumes). - M., L .: State publishing house of agricultural literature, 1951. - S. 613-618
- Universal encyclopedia of medicinal plants / Comp. I. Putyrsky, V. Prokhorov. - Minsk: Book House; M .: Makhaon, 2000 .-- S. 120-121
- Flora middle lane Russia: Atlas-determinant / Kiseleva K.V., Mayorov S.R., Novikov V.S. Ed. prof. V.S. Novikov. - M .: CJSC "Fiton +", 2010. - P. 315
- Flora of the USSR. T. XI / ch. ed. acad. V. L. Komarov. - M., L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1945 .-- P. 182-183
| Flora and fauna of the Rtishchevsky district | |||||||
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| Mushrooms of the Rtischevsky district |
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| Fauna of the Rtischevsky district |
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| Red Data Book of the Saratov Region | |||||||
| Rtischevo and Rtischevsky district in themes | ||||
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| Symbols and awards |
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| People of the city and district | ||||
| Administrative territorial division |
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