On October 5, the Transsiberian Railway Railway Mainer was noted - the longest on the planet. Its length is 9288.2 km. The initial point of Trans-Siberian - the Yaroslavl station of Moscow, and the destination - Vladivostok station. It was built 25 years old, the road passes through 8 time zones, through Europe and Asia, 11 regions, 5 edges, two republics and one autonomous region, 88 cities, crosses 16 major rivers. In this review, the history of the Millennium Road.

On March 30, 1891, the head of the Russian state was issued a decree on the start of construction of the path through the entire territory of Siberia. The State Committee created on its basis issued a resolution in which she approved such an important task and welcomed the use of domestic labor and material resources for the Great Business.

The first stage of construction

In May of the same year, a solemn laying of the first stone took place, in which the future Russian emperor Nicholas was directly involved. The creation of the Trans-Siberian Road began in very difficult conditions. On all over the way there was a century-old taiga, and near Baikal builders waited for rocks. To lay the sleepers, had to blow up and create a mound.

Huge funds were required for the state of the sovereign to life. The initial estimate was designed for 350 million rubles. If we take into account the difference in the weight of the modern Russian currency and the full-fledged Golden Ruble, the project will seem very expensive. To reduce the financial costs of construction, the Darm Workstation was brought: soldiers and religion. At the peak of construction in the works, 89 thousand people were involved.

Unusual pace

The railway line was laid with an unprecedented speed at the time. For 12 years, the builders managed to create 7.5 thousand kilometers of first-class paths, although in the past period they had to overcome many difficulties. These paces did not work in any country.

For laying sleepers and rails used the most primitive mechanisms and tools: manual cars, shovels, axes and saws. Every year about 600 km of the road was laid. Workers worked not to twist the hands, sometimes until a complete decline of forces. The harsh conditions of Siberia negatively influenced health, and many builders graduated from life during operation.

Engineering frames

During construction, many famous engineers at the time participated in the project. Among them is very popular, Oesty Vyazemsky, who was worthy of a large plot in the Ussuri Taiga. The Vyazemskaya station was named precisely in his honor and today keeps the name of the great Russian specialist. The connection of the railway routes of Novosibirsk with Chelyabinsk was engaged in another construction specialist - Nikolai Garin-Mikhailovsky. It is more famous today for descendants in his literary works.

His part of the road engineer finished in 1896. The plot between Irkutsk and Ory was built by Nikolai Messenino. Today he is known as the medium-grained road. The design and construction of the bridge across Ob was engaged in Nikolay Belelyubsky. He was an expert and expert in mechanics and creating engines. Work on the laying of the medium-grained line of the highway ended in 1899.

Alexander Liverovsky was engaged in the Krugobyaikal region of the road. Construction took place in very difficult natural conditions. Ussuriysk city connected with Grodekovo railway rinsing in 1901. Due to the successful end of the Plot, Vladivostok received a constant convenient connection with the center of the country. European goods and passengers got a faster and convenient way to the Pacific Ocean.

Expansion of the project

The construction of a new way from the central regions of Russia to the Far East has created economic prerequisites for the further growth of the region's economy. The expensive project began to give both practical benefits. Some problems brought war with Japan. At this time, the cargo-passenger flux on the railway decreased many times due to restrictions on several sites.

The highway could pass only 13 compositions per day, which was too small for the national economy and the army. The Council of Ministers on June 3, 1907 decided to expand the Trans-Siberian Highway. To do this, it was necessary to pave an extra rut. The construction of the construction was handed over to Alexander Liveurovsky. Already by the beginning of 1909, the road has doubled its bandwidth.

The leadership of the country decided that one of the main negative factors that had an impact on the course and the result of the war with Japan was poor transport links between Vladivostok and the European part of the country. Among the particularly important tasks, the government allocated expansion of the railway network. After the meeting of the Council of Ministers, the creation of minusinsk-Achinsky and Amur sections of the highway began. The total length of the path amounted to almost 2 thousand km.

Ending construction

The project approached its completion in 1916. Railway track connected Chelyabinsk with the quiet ocean. At the same time ended the construction of the bridge across the Amur and the Amur highway. For ease of operation, all the way was divided into four sections. Rail transportations grew every year and reached the figures to 3.2 million passengers by 1912. Significantly increased and cargo transportation. The highway began to give a large income of the country.

Restoration after destruction

Huge damage caused a highway World War. Many kilometers of paths were destroyed, bridges and office structures were strongly injured. Even the famous bridge over Cupid became a victim of the revolution and was injured. The new power understood the whole importance of the railway communication and already in 1924-1925 engaged in the restoration of the highway. Passed reconstruction and railway bridge over Cupid. In 1925, Transsib became fully functional.

Our country can be proud of many achievements in various sectors of the national economy. One of these is the Trans-Siberian Highway, which is rightfully considered the longest railway in the world. Its construction occupied not one decade, while the existence of the Russian Empire, continued in the USSR and approached the conclusion during the existence of the Russian Federation. The direction of the Trans-Siberian Highway allows you to get from the European part of Russia to the Far East. But first things first.

Construction idea

Siberian lands have a huge amount of natural resources. However, their delivery to the European part of the country was difficult. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe construction of the railway was expressed by the governor of Eastern Siberia N. N. Muravyev- Amur back in 1857. However, the government approved the project only by the 80s. This was explained by the fact that the idea had a very large number of opponents. They criticized everything - labor intensity, cost and even offered to those who support the need for construction, check with psychiatrists. However, the decision was made, and in 1886, Alexander III, a resolution was imposed on the letter of the governor that it was necessary to begin construction of the railway.

For these purposes, in 1887, three expeditions were organized under the leadership of O. P. Vyazemsky, N. P. Mezheninova and A. I. Ursati to search for optimal paths for rails of rails. According to the project, the Trans-Siberian Highway (the Great Siberian Path) was to consist of three sites - South Ussuri, Meshnessism and Zabaykalsky. The expeditions were completed over several years, and in 1891 the Committee on the Construction of the Siberian Railway approved the facilitated technical condition for construction and decided to start work. However, the construction of the Trans-Siberian highway was not limited to these three sites. West Siberian and Amur sites and the Sino-Eastern Railway were added to it. Such a composition of the Trans-Siberian Highway allowed to combine Europe and Asia with a solid railway web.

Start of construction. Stage First

So, Alexander III instructed the heir to the throne Nikolai II to hold a bookmark of the construction of the railway through Siberian possessions. Despite the high cost and need for a large number of labor, it was decided to attract only the funds of the Russian treasury and domestic specialists. In 1891, on May 31, a prayer was held on the event and the first stone was launched by the future heir to the throne Nikolai II in Vladivostok. In fact, the construction of the Trans-Siberian Highway was launched in March on the site between Miass and Chelyabinsk.

A. I. Ursati was appointed head of construction, but because of conflicts with local town-poorerrators, he had to abandon work in the project. Instead, O. P. Vyazemsky was appointed. He was an engineer, which is called, from God and was able to optimize the construction, reducing the path of 17 kilometers. This significantly reduced the timing and cash costs for rails.

The construction of the Ussuriy plot was completed in November 1897. Its length amounted to 729 kilometers. Railway canvas extended from Vladivostok to Khabarovsk.

West Siberian Plot

In parallel with the Ussuri direction in 1892, the construction of the West Siberian Railway from Chelyabinsk to Ob was launched. K. Ya. Mikhailovsky was received to lead the works. The length of the rails amounted to 1417 kilometers. Their styling occupied only 4 years due to the use of earthmoving technology. In 1894, the working movement began in Omsk, and a year later the road was already partially exploited. In 1897, bridges were completed through Ob and Irtysh, and the portion was expensive to take into constant use.

Golden Mid Transsiba

Two years after the start of construction of the West Siberian Railway, laying pathways of the middle part of the Great Project - the Meshnessism. Its length amounted to 1830 kilometers: from the river Ob to Irkutsk. This is a rather complicated cut, because the road gasket has passed mostly in highland. The construction went out of two places in the eastern direction - from Obi and from Yenisei. The road was laid in permafrost, because of which it was necessary to make some changes to the project. But, despite all the difficulties, in December 1895 the first train arrived in Krasnoyarsk. All this became possible thanks to the head of construction - N. P. Messenino. Bridges across the rivers were designed by an outstanding bridge of that time L. D. Proskuryakov. The medium-grained railway was commissioned in 1899.

New plot and new difficulties

The Trans-Baikal Railway cost the Russian Empire in the cost of the entire Trans-Siberian Highway. She had to go from the southern coast of Baikal to Khabarovsk himself. The construction began in 1895 and was moved very slowly due to floods and permafrost. The line for 5 years was completed only to Sretensk (1105 kilometers).

Further began to occur even more larger scales. The political differences in the Far East began to sharpen, and the state of the state was experiencing not better than the best times and could not fully finance the construction. In 1900, the work was suspended. It was also decided to create ferry rail rail through Baikal due to the fact that where the Trans-Siberian Highway was laid, natural conditions were too heavy. And it slowed down all the work. It was decided to lay further pathways through the territory of China to quickly join the Ussuri sector.

However, due to the poor bandwidth of the ferry in 1903, construction was resumed. Paths in the southern shore of the lake were laid. The greatest complexity was represented by the site from the port of Baikal to Cultuk - this is a solid rocky ridge for more than 80 kilometers

Friendship with China. Not all undertakings end well

The proposal of the Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte was met favorably and after the creation of a Russian-Chinese bank in 1895, in 1896 an agreement was signed with the Government of Middle Kingdom on the construction of the Sino-Eastern Road through the territory of Manchuria. Works on the construction of ways with a length of 3016 kilometers ended in 1903.

It would seem that the road construction was almost completed, there was only a plot on the Baikal coast, which must be finished, since it was not cope with the growing needs of the transport of people and cargo. Indeed, new cities appeared along the railway in Manchuria at the expense of migrants from other regions of the Chinese Empire. As a result, overpopulation led to the fact that the Chinese began to move to the Primorsky Territory region. This provided the territory of underlying labor.

But in 1905, in the war with Japan, Russia suffered a defeat, and most of the railway passing through Manchuria, it was obliged to convey to the winner (according to the Portsmouth Agreement). However, such a loss only contributed to the fact that it was necessary to build an Amur Railway to connect the Ussuri and Trans-Baikal sections of the Trans-Siberian Highway.

The last stage of the historic construction site

The decision to lay the paths at the last section of the path was made in 1908. The road began to stretch from the Cuenga station, which is located between Chita and Sretensky. At this stage, it was necessary to master new ways to lay the embankment under the sleepers, lay the tunnel in the simulatory ground. The conclusion of the grand project was the bridge over Cupid. It should pay special attention to it. It was designed by an engineer of Squiryakov, like the other bridges of the Trans-Siberian Highway. In 1916, this site was put into operation and the construction of the highway was completed.

Directions of the Siberian Path

Despite the fact that the work was completed in 1916, the railway was repeatedly rebuilt, new branches and nodes appeared. So, today there is not one direction of the Trans-Siberian Highway, but four. This is due to the fact that it was necessary to expand the approaches to the railway to increase the volume of cargo transportation. Includes the main stroke, which has a Trans-Siberian Magistral, - nodes of the largest industrial cities of Russia - Moscow, Yaroslavl, Kirov, Perm, Ekaterinburg, Tyumen, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk and Vladivostok. This direction is also called the Northern. The historic stroke includes the following transport hubs of the Trans-Siberian Highway - Moscow, Ryazan, Ruzaevka, Samara, Ufa, Miass, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Petropavlovsk. The remaining stations correspond to the main go.

The value of the Trans-Siberian Mainstream

And at the time of construction, and today the social and economic importance of the Great Siberian Way can not be overestimated. First of all, thanks to this railway track, it became possible to connect the European part of Russia and access to Europe with the East of the country. The railway passes through 87 cities, crosses 14 regions, 3 edges and two republics that are part of the Russian Federation. Such a way made it possible to migrate the population and the redistribution of human resources.

From an economic point of view, the Trans-Siberian Highway (natural conditions of the location of which do not contribute to the rapid transportation by other types of transport) made it possible to move resources from Siberia rich to production and consumption places. The transportation of huge amounts of cargo of various purposes is carried out annually.

The railway almost through the entire territory of Russia matters even internationally. She gave the opportunity to move goods and people from the east to European countries and in the opposite direction. This undoubtedly improved the international economy.

Development due to electrification

In the Trans-Siberian Main Training of Cargo and People engaged in locomotives. Naturally, their capacity was limited, she was also limited to the number of goods. In 1929, the electrification of the railway was started, which ended only in 2002. Just like the construction of the highway itself, the work was carried out by plots. It limited the bandwidth, because in areas without electricity, it was necessary to change locomotive and reduce the number of cars with cargo. Because of this, transport was delayed in time, which negatively influenced economic ties both within the country and outside it. However, due to electrification, the development of the Trans-Siberian Highway continued.

In 2014, a plan for the reconstruction and modernization of the Railways of Russia was approved. It is supposed to be carried out until 2018-2020. Such measures are accepted in order to further increase the capacity of the Trans-Siberian highway for the carriage of goods and passengers.

What will invest? At a minimum, they will entail an increase in transussiba bandwidth, and how maximum will make it possible to update locomotives, wagons, ways, modernization of various sites and self-sufficiency. Such prospects of the Trans-Siberian Highway will help the further development of the regions through which it passes.

Some interesting facts

First of all, the Trans-Siberian Highway is the longest railway in the world. This path connects two continents - Europe and Asia. There are a memorable sign on their border (near the city of Pervouralsk). On the plot of Skovorodino - the most severe climatic conditions are noted. The longest railway bridge is located on the Amur River. The largest station on the way is located in Novosibirsk. The most busy, speed and dull plot is located between Omsk and Novosibirsk. And at the station Slyudyanka-1 built the world in the world from marble in the quality of the monument to the work of the builders of the highway.

The fate of the Trans-Siberian Highway reminds the myth of the Sisyiff, whom the gods sentenced to raise a huge stone to the top of the mountain, from where this block was invariably rolled down. According to the logic of these very gods, there was nothing terrible than useless and hopeless work. It is clear that the Transsib for Russia is more than just the railway, so no one speaks about her uselessness. But the inhuman work, with whom Transsib was erected, could be called Sisyphian.

Judge for yourself: when Alexander III took the final decision that it is impossible to postpone the construction of the road that will link Europe and Asia, they refused to have the help of Western industrialists, since they were afraid of strengthening the influence of foreign capital in the Far East. They decided to build on their own funds and with their own hands, or rather by the hands of exile arrests, soldiers, local peasants and those who came to the construction of the longest railway in the world from the European part of the country. In the midst of the work in the construction site was attended by about 90 thousand people.

Grand construction began in 1891. In the first 12 years, 7.5 thousand kilometers of paths were laid, and practically hand, without the use of complex equipment. In terms of construction and the volume of work, the great Siberian path did not know the equal in the world. Moreover, I could not build a road at once. It remained to build the last 2 thousand kilometers of paths, which would join Khabarovsk and Sretensk (Zabaykalsky Territory). But due to complex climatic and geological conditions in the Amur region, they decided to build the road through Manchuria. So in 1903 the Sino-Eastern Railway appeared, and Europe received an output to the Pacific Ocean.

However, the history of the struggle for the steel rutting on this was not over. After the Japanese war it became clear that the throughput of the road was too low. We decided to change the rails on heavier, put additional sleepers, rebuild bridges. In addition, it was necessary to complete the round-baikal road, because from Western to the eastern shore, the train had to be transported on the ferry. And the war with Japan showed that the railway running through the territory of another country is dangerous, unreliable and inconvenient. And again the shovel in the hands! From 1907 to 1915, the Amur Railway was erected, which replaced the cost of so many lives and labor of the CEV. The end-to-end movement from Chelyabinsk to Vladivostok was discovered only in 1916, and the highway was divided into Siberian, Transbaikalskaya, Amur and Ussuri railways.

But the worst was ahead: the Civil War of the barbaric hurricane went through the Transsib. Most of the wagons were destroyed, the rails were blown, bridges burned, including the grand crossings through the Amur and Irtysh, defeated the stations and water supply devices. When the war finally ended, they became an urgent highway to restore, and completely insane pace. In March 1925, Transsiba is ended, and the end-to-end movement on it is carried out to this day. However, the Sisypses of the Stone need to raise again: at the moment, the transussiba bandwidth is completely exhausted, in the project - the next global construction site, this time - the second line of the Baikal Amur highway.

Facts about Transsib

The most western station of Transsiba - Moscow, the easternmost - Khabarovsk (5 days and 13 hours of the path from Moscow), the northernmost - Kirov (12 hours from Moscow) and the South Vladivostok (6 days and 2 hours).

Despite the fact that the Transsib's official finite station is Vladivostok, there are more remote from Moscow station - East Port and Cape Astafieva. Thus, the Transsiber actually reaches right to the Pacific. And on the north branch can be considered the end station of Transsiba village Chuguevka.

There are 87 cities on the transussier. On the way from Moscow to Vladivostok, the Swirl train "Russia" makes 64 stops, among which the station Erofeph Pavlovich was fired - by the name of the village of urban type, located 4.5 days of the road from Moscow.

The only railway station in the world in the world is located entirely built from marble. This is Slyudyanka-1 station, which is located near the shore of Baikal (from Moscow about 3 days and 5 hours). The construction of a pompous station was the final chord of the epic with the construction of a round-baikal railway. By the way, there is no more building in Russia, except for this station, which would be completely built from unlipped Baikal marble. Mining it in Slyudyanka in the open field "Pass".

Slyudyanka station. Photo: photo bank Laurie

The railway crosses 16 major rivers, among which are such giants like Volga, Kama, Yenisei, Amur and Irtysh. The highway passes through the territories of 12 regions, 5 edges, 2 republics and 1 county.

When building a round-baikal railway for each kilometer, there were 2 explosives cars - broke through the rocks. Subsequently, the road was called "Golden buckle of the steel belt of Russia."

Until May 2010, the farthest train in the world was the train No. 53/54 Kharkov - Vladivostok (time on the way was just less than 7.5 days). Now he walks only to Ufa, but the direct cars have retained. By the way about the wagons. The farthest in the world is the foreign car - Vladivostok (travel time is also 7.5 days).

The biggest station on the Transsiber - Novosibirsk-Chief. It was built in 1940.

The Pole of the Cold of the Great Siberian Path is located on the Mogoche area - Skovorodino (Transbaikal Territory and the Amur region, respectively). Although it is not the most northern points on the Transsiba map, in winter it comes to minus 60 degrees. In addition, there is a solid zone of permafrost.

The longest bridge on the Transsib will be thrown through Cupid. It was built in 1913-1916. "Amur beauties", as its locals called him, became the longest bridge of Russia and the second in the length of the world. Palm Championship then took the bridge over Mississippi. The project "Amur Honor" in 1908 received a gold medal at the Paris exhibition. The same is the Eiffel Tower. In 1992, the old bridge across Cupid was dismantled, near the combined automobile and railway bridge. Length increased from 2568 to 2616 meters.

The total length of only the biggest bridges of Transsiba (bridge over Cupid, Zeysky Bridge, Kamsky Bridge, Yenisei Bridge, Osky Bridge, Irtysh Bridge) is 7 kilometers of 177 meters.

Trans-Siberian Highway. Krugobaquica railway. Photo: photo bank Laurie

Company Train Moskva - Vladivostok with the name "Russia" appeared on September 30, 1966. On this day, and under this name, he went to the first flight. The color of the wagons was originally a cherry, the inscription was made with large metal letters. Later, the colors of the wagons changed repeatedly. Since 2000, the railway cars "Russia" are painted in the color of the Russian flag with the mandatory stencil of the state coat of arms of the Russian Federation.

Travel Options

The fastest

The most high-speed on the Transsiber is the Corporate Train 1/2 "Russia", which is going on from Moscow to Vladivostok for 6 days and 2 hours. Long? And the conductors of the train "live" on the route for 2 weeks - travel there and back. But then the half months rest.

The departure of "Russia" takes place from the Yaroslavl railway station, from Moscow - on odd numbers, from Vladivostok - in even.

The author of this article has always worried the question of what the highest point of Transsiba, but whether there is a shower in the wagons. We answer: there is a shower, but not always! The fact is that a special household boat wagon in which there is a shower and washing machine, leaves from Moscow only 3, 7, 17, 21 numbers, and from Vladivostok - 10, 14, 24, 28, each month. And on the other days, instead of a household car, a pile wagon with a coupe for passengers on strollers is cling.

The most tourist

Tour operators have developed a special route on the tourist train "Golden Eagle". This train on the rating of the International Society of Rail Travel Lovers (The Society of International Railway Travelers) is one of the top 25 world trains.

The coupe in the "Gold Orel" is spacious and have all the amenities. But the most important thing is that there are stops on the way, and tourists are carrying on excursions: reviews on the largest cities of Transsiba, in the authentic villages of Buryatia, on the shore of Baikal and so on. Rides "Golden Eagle" from Moscow in Vladivostok 14 days. The tour also includes one-day accommodation in the hotel in Vladivostok. The price depends on the class of the car. It does not make sense to take a single coupe - it is almost twice as expensive. In addition, tickets "back" are not included.

The most common

Now, between Vladivostok and Moscow from passenger trains on a direct route, only the company train "Russia" (on the road 6 days) and non-political №100E (on the way 6 days 23 hours). You can drive with one transplant. It can be, for example, in Novosibirsk, Taiga or Khabarovsk. Moreover, the route with a transplant will take even less time than a straight line on the non-poll train.

About how to drive on the great Siberian path from and to lying on the couch, we tell in detail in the material about. You can study the highway even more detailed on the website of the web encyclopedia of the Transsib. Choose that you like more - the monitor or the present window of the train - and on the road along the main road of Russia.

Transsib, Trans-Siberian Highway (Modern Names) or Great Siberian Way (Historical Name) - This is a well-equipped railway through the entire continent connecting European Russia, its largest industrial areas and the capital of the country of Moscow with its median (Siberia) and the Eastern (Far East) districts.

This is a road that bonding Russia is a country stretching for 11 hour zones into a single economic body, and most importantly, in a single military-strategic space.

If he had not been built at one time, then with a very high probability of Russia hardly to retain the Far East and the Pacific Coast.

Now there are foreigners across the entire country in second-hand cars. Why do they need it? And then that Transsib is Russia. Having drove on it, you understand what one and a half billion gold left, 34 years of struggle with the permafrost, impassable mountains and forests, and what it is - 9 thousand kilometers to the Pacific Ocean.

The Trans-Siberian Highway delivered many records, not surpassed until now.

The road was continuously built 25 years old - from 1891 to 1916, and cost the Russian execution of 1.5 billion rubles in gold. About 300 million rubles, gold was spent on its recovery after the civil war (the reconstruction of almost all bridges, many embankments, ejection of pathways). During the construction of Transsib, it was killed to 30 thousand workers (of which about 20 thousand - migrant workers of the time, Koreans and the Chinese).

And here are some more facts and Records Transsib:

Two extreme points of Transsiba - Moscow and Vladivostok, the path between them takes 6 days and 2 hours. Despite the fact that officially the final station of Transsiba is Vladivostok, there are more remote from Moscow the station - East Port and Cape Astafieva. Thus, the Transsiber actually reaches right to the Pacific.

Until May 2010, the farthest train in the world was the train No. 53/54 Kharkov-Vladivostok (time on the way was 7 days and 11 hours). Now he walks only to Ufa. But the record of the furthest route in the world still resisted: it is Kiev-Vladivostok (time on 7 days and 10 hours).

An 87 cities are located on the transom. On the way from Moscow to Vladivostok, the fast train "Russia" makes 64 stops.

The highway passes through the territory of 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and five federal districts. More than 80% of the industrial potential of the country and the main natural resources, including oil, gas, coal, forest, ferrous and non-ferrous metal, are concentrated in the regions serviced by the Master.

- The only railway station in the world in the world is located entirely built from marble. This is Slyudyanka-1 station. Located this station near the shore of Baikal (5311m km of Transsiba).

When building a round-bay railway for each kilometer, there were 2 wagon explosives, broke through the rocks. Subsequently, the road was called the "Golden Buckle of Steel Belt of Russia".

- more than 50% of foreign trade and transit cargo are transported along the transmissib.

The Trans-Siberian Highway is included as a priority route in a message between Europe and Asia to the projects of international UNECE organizations (UN Economic Commission), the UN ESCAP (UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific), OSJD (Organization of Railway Cooperation).

The longest bridge on the Transsib will be thrown through Cupid. It was built in 1913-1916. Then he became the longest bridge of Russia and the second in length in the world. In 1992, the old bridge across Cupid was dismantled, near the combined automobile and railway bridge. Length increased from 2568 to 2616 meters.

The construction of such a long railway was truly an important event in the life of the Russian Empire. The evidence of this is the fact that on the basis of the case of booking by the railway on behalf of Alexander III, Tesarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich himself was present.

Particularly difficult became a plot around Lake Baikal, where it was necessary to blow up the rocks, lay the tunnels, to build artificial structures in the gorges of mountain rivers flowing to Baikal.

The longest gentle plot on the highway, without any presence of mountains and hills, was recorded between the rivers Ob and Irtysh. Its length is about 600 km and almost at the same time the railway is almost direct, with the exception of sometimes smooth bends of the railway in several degrees.

At a plot of 3336 km. In 1940, before the Great Patriotic War, the largest station was built in the pre-war USSR. He was located at Novosibirsk-Chief Station. It is made in the characteristic "Stalinist" style with a higher central fronton, and its facade facing the railway is significantly higher than the opposite - addressed to the station area.

Who, how and what

The problem of ensuring the construction of the Trans-Siberian Highway, the workforce, was most acute and difficult. The need for qualified workers was satisfied with the recruitment and transformation into the Siberia of builders from the center of the country.

A significant part of the builders amounted to exile arrestants and soldiers. The workforce replenishment was also due to the involvement of Siberian peasants and citizens and the influx of peasants and burghers from European Russia.

In total, on the construction of Transsib in 1891, at the beginning of the construction, there were 9.6 thousand people, in the 1895-1896 years, in the height of construction works - 84-89 thousand people, in 1904, at the final stage - only 5.3 Thousands of people. At the construction of the Amur Railway in 1910, 20 thousand people worked.

Many works were made manually, the tools of labor were the most primitive - ax, saw, shovel, Kylo and car. Despite this, about 500-600 kilometers of the railway track were laid annually.

The first trains began to deliver passengers from Moscow to Vladivostok in 1903, even before the completion of the construction of the Trans-Siberian Highway. The modern train "Russia" went to his first way on September 30, 1966. Wagons were repeatedly repaired. Changed and coloring. Initially, it was cherry with large metal letters, then red, raspberry, green, and since 2000, the wagons of the train "Russia" are painted in the color of the Russian flag with the mandatory stencil of the state coat of arms of the Russian Federation.

(The historical name) is a railway, connecting the European part of Russia with its middle (Siberia) and the Eastern (Far East) regions.
The actual length of the Trans-Siberian Railway Railway on the main passenger move (from Moscow to Vladivostok) is 9288.2 kilometers and in this indicator it is the longest on the planet. The tariff length (on which the ticket prices are calculated) a little more - 9298 km and does not coincide with the real one.
The Trans-Siberian Highway passes through the territory of two parts of the world. It accounts for about 19% of the length of the Transsib, to Asia - about 81%. The conditional border of Europe and Asia adopted the 1778th kilometer of the highway.

The question of the construction of Transsiba was annoyed in the country for a long time. At the beginning of the 20th century, the vast areas of Western and Eastern Siberia and the Far East remained cut off from the European part of the Russian Empire, so there was a need for organizing the way to which one could get there with minimal time and money costs.

In 1857, the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia Nikolai Muravyev-Amur officially announced the issue of the need to build a railway on the Siberian outskirts of Russia.
However, the government only to the 1880s began to address the issue of the Siberian Railway. From the help of Western industrialists refused, to build on their own funds and their own.
In 1887, under the direction of the engineers of Nikolai Mezheninova, Ores Vyazemsky and Alexander Ursati, three expeditions were organized to find the route of the Mednies, Trans-Baikal and South-Ussuri railways, which by the 90s of the XIX century mostly completed their work.
In February 1891, the Committee of Ministers recognized it possible to start working on the construction of the Great Siberian Path at the same time from two sides - from Chelyabinsk and Vladivostok.

The beginning of work on the construction of the Ussuriy plot of the Siberian Railway Emperor Alexander III attached the meaning of an emergency event in the life of the Empire.
The official date of the start of construction Transsib is considered on May 31 (May 19, by the old style) of 1891, when the heir to the Russian throne and the future emperor Nicholas II laid near Vladivostok the first stone of the Ussuri railway to Khabarovsk on Amur. The actual start of construction occurred somewhat earlier, in early March 1891, when the construction of the Miass section began - Chelyabinsk.
The construction of the Trans-Siberian Highway was carried out in harsh climatic conditions. Almost all throughout the route was laid on a low-seated or deserted terrain, in the impassable taiga. She crossed the mighty Siberian rivers, numerous lakes, areas of increased wetlands and permafrost.

During the First World and Civil Wars, the technical condition of the road deteriorated sharply, after which restoration work began.
During the Great Patriotic War, Transsib fulfilled the tasks of the evacuation of the population and enterprises from the occupied areas, the uninterrupted delivery of goods and military contingents to the front, without stopping the internal transportation.
In the post-war years, the Great Siberian Highway was actively built and modernized. In 1956, the Government approved the general plan of electrification of railways, according to which one of the first electrified directions had to become a transmibe in a plot from Moscow to Irkutsk. This was carried out by 1961.

In the 1990s - 2000, a number of activities were carried out on the modernization of the Transsib, designed to increase the capacity of the highway. In particular, a railway bridge over Cupid from Khabarovsk was reconstructed, as a result of which the last one-section portion was eliminated
In 2002, complete electrification of the highway was completed.

Currently, the Trans-Siberian Highway is a powerful two-door electrified railway line equipped with modern means of informatization and communication.
In the East, through the border stations Hasan, Grodekovo, Zabaikalsk, the Transsiberian highway provides access to the North Korea railway network, China and Mongolia, and in the West, through Russian ports and border crossings with the former republics of the Soviet Union to European countries.
The highway passes through the territory of 20 constituent entities of the Russian Federation and five federal districts. More than 80% of the industrial potential of the country and the main natural resources, including oil, gas, coal, forest, ferrous and non-ferrous metal, are concentrated in the regions serviced by the Master. On the Transsib, there are 87 cities, of which 14 are centers of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
There are more than 50% of foreign trade and transit cargo on the transmissib.
The Trans-Siberian Highway is included as a priority route in a message between Europe and Asia to the projects of international UNECE organizations (UN Economic Commission), the UN ESCAP (UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific), OSJD (Organization of Railway Cooperation).

Material prepared on the basis of open sources information