Now heating in the house is becoming more expensive every year, so people try to find more economical options. To provide good heating A private house or production room with significant savings can be purchased a wood boiler. It is the most popular among heating devices, since it is necessary for heating the room only wood, and this allows you to save a significant amount of funds, especially in times of strong cold weather.

Long burning wood boilers are different convenience and ease of use.In some cases, the minus is that it is necessary to constantly refill fuel, approximately every 3-4 hours. But this problem is solved by a special design of new boilers, which can produce heat at one fuel dressing until 12-14 hours. Such boilers can be placed directly in the house, in a boiler room or an extension to private housing. At work of this heating device, constant control is needed, it is impossible to heating the premises without a person who can check the operation of the boiler.

Features of wood boilers

Wood boilers may differ in the size of the combustion chamber, design and material from which they are produced. To create a heat exchanger of such a boiler, most often use cast iron or steel. Each of these materials have its advantages and disadvantages, the cast-iron heat exchanger provides stable operation and cools for a long time, it has a long service life, usually at least 20 years, but at frequent and sharp temperature differences it may be destroyed.Steel is more heat-resistant, but have not such a long service life, about 10-15 years and may be subject to corrosion.

Features of operation Data of long-burning heating devices:

TO benefits Long burning boilers include:

• Availability high efficiency as well as adjustment of the water supply temperature;
• Possibility of use different species fuel combining them;
• No need to connect to various communications, boiler operation autonomous;
• Possibility to fuck different rooms and buildings;
• Saving fundson the purchase of fuel.

Principle of operation of long-term combustion boilers

The work of the boiler begins with the thoughts of fuel (coal, firewood, peat) in the furnace. Due to the fact that the oxygen supply is limited, the process of pulling is slowed down as much as possible, it allows less frequent bookmarks of new fuel. This principle of work allows you to save fuel, as one bookmark is grabbed by 80% and more longer than in a conventional solid fuel boiler. It also allows you to reduce the time required to control the work of the boiler.

Due to the fact that the degeneration occurs in a larger volume, gas appears in the bunker having a high calorific value. It enters the combustion chamber through a refractory nozzle and flammifies the oxygen inflated. Plus these boilers is that they burn a large number of different heavy connections, Including South. Toxic substances do not fall into the chimney, polluting the environment, and burn, giving heat. In the process of operation of such a boiler in the chimney pipe, only the non-combustible smoke falls, which is completely non-toxic.

The fuel in the boiler is processed on the principle of the upper burning, it lies in the fact that the firewood begin to roast from the top layer. The flame is gradually lowered downwards, which significantly slows down the process of fuel, but at the same time increases heat supply.Depending on the model, the boilers change the duration of operation from one fuel load. On average, it is enough for 1-2 days of continuous combustion with the support of a constant temperature. But there are such boilers that capable of working more than 3 days without outside interference.

Functional characteristics

Long burning boilers solid fuel can be single-mountedor Double-circuit, the second form has a special principle of operation, one circuit is heating, and the second provides its DHW. All such aggregates have their own specifications Depending on the model, but there are average data:

• Power approximately 100 kW;
• Fuel: wood, coal, peat;
• The temperature of water at the entrance to the boiler is at least 50 degrees;
• At the outlet of the boiler optimal temperature Waters are considered 80 degrees;
• Operating pressure - 1 atm;
• Kpd - 89% minimum, varies from humidity and type of fuel;
• Mass of the boiler does not exceed 400 kg;
• Exhaust gases are no more than 270 degrees;
• Maximum Fuel Length - 40 cm;
• The duration of the boiler from one download is about 11-12 hours.

Such a boiler has an increased security system, so well protected from overheating. It can be placed in any room, especially often these heating devices are used where there is no possibility to install an electric or gas boiler. You can add everything that this method of heating the premises allows you to maintain the purity of ecology and save finances.

How to choose a long burning boiler

Such instruments are always selected, given the many criteria. First of all, it is necessary to calculate what power you need a boiler to dampen the room of a specific area. It is also important to pay attention to the level of allocated Kpd..

After that, it is worth deciding on the material from which the boiler will be performed, most prefer steel or cast iron.The weight of the boiler, its power and the principle of all heating depend on it. The boiler should choose from proven manufacturers, taking into account their financial capabilities. You also need to consider whether there is enough free space to place the boiler and store fuel reserves. Their dimensions and installation principles also vary depending on the type and firm. After choosing a boiler, it is necessary to look good for defects so that there are no problems in the future.

For good I. long work boiler must be followed by all rules of operation, the fuel must be as much as possible, Since moisture reduces the efficiency of the efficiency and reduces the service life of the aggregate.

Video overview boiler on firewood

Since in many distant regions of the Russian Federation there is no gasification, a wood-burning boiler for heating a private house with batteries, is still a relevant solution to the heating issue. Modern models Wood equipment has increased duration of work from one bookmark, differ in high efficiency and safety.

Principles of work of wood boilers for private houses

Modern wood-burning boilers for heating a private house with a water contour, have little in common with traditional classic furnaces. By its design, most models resemble an autonomous thermal station. But the basic principle of work remained unchanged. The heat obtained by burning solid fuel is used to heat the rooms.

An essential difference and change made in the internal device is the presence of a water circuit. After modifying the design, it became possible to connect the radiator system of heating in a country house with a wood boiler.

At the moment, on the principle of work, two main equipment class can be distinguished:

A solid fuel boiler is simply a modified wood-burning oven, with the best automation of the combustion process and high efficiency.

How to choose a boiler on firewood for a private house

When choosing a heating boiler for a private house, a few moments relating to structural features and performance are taken into account:

• Shot area - Approximate performance calculations are carried out according to the formula 1 kW \u003d 10 m². When connecting the second circuit for the DHW, add to the resulting result of another 15-20%.
• Types of heating boilers - as already noted, there are classic aggregates, as well as those that use the principle of pyrolysis burning. The second is considered the most economical boilers on firewood. individual heating private suburban households. The first cost 3-4 times cheaper.
• Type of heat exchanger - there are two types. Differs on the type of materials used and design. Steel boilers are cheaper, but they are on average for 10-15 years less. The aggregates are not afraid of shocks and mechanical damage, simple repair and maintenance.
  Cast iron boilers, on average, serve about 35 years, have the best heat engineering characteristics. Fear mechanical damage. For repair, it will be necessary to replace the whole section. Another disadvantage of cast iron is the weight of the boiler. Pyrolysis unit having two flue chambers easily reaches a mass in 5 centners.
• Features of the design of the furnace chamber - manufacturers produce boilers with side loading of firewood. The design is used in most aggregates, both classical and pyrolysis type.
  Special attention deserve boilers with top loading. This design is used in gas generator aggregates. The main advantage of the solution is the possibility of pre-drying of firewood, which increases the effectiveness of heating.
• The presence of additional functions is the automation, the presence of a backup power source, a built-in boiler of the drive, remote control system - all this increases the comfort of operation and is provided in an additional configuration.

In addition to technical parametersIt will be necessary to decide on the brand of wood boiler and select a heat generator, a suitable price category.

What kind of production boiler to choose

If the funds allow, it is better to put a German or Czech cooking boiler. Somewhat worse for production characteristics, Polish and domestic aggregates. Among foreign and domestic companies producers, leaders are:

• German boilers on firewood - represented by companies, Lopper. All equipment has a high degree of security and reliability, and a long service life. The disadvantage of the models is the worstness to quality and variety of firewood, high cost.
• Boilers on the firewood of Czech production - the products of companies and ATMOS deserve attention. According to its quality and automation, the models are not inferior to German analogues, but have an average of 10% less.
• Boilers russian production - TT aggregates produces almost every manufacturer heating equipment. The boilers are adapted to domestic conditions, unpretentious to the quality of fuel and the coolant used.
  The products of the following plants are most popular :, HEATLODAR.
• Polish wood boilers - several dozen modifications are offered on the domestic market. Models are used in demand: Defro, SAS, Drewmet, Orlan. The assortment presents both ordinary wood heat generators and pyrolysis burning boilers.

Most manufacturers, in addition to the classic heating boilers, operating exclusively on firewood, offer universal or multi-fuel heat generators.

Cost of wood boilers for country houses

The cost of the unit is influenced by several factors:

• Type of heat exchanger - the cast iron boiler will cost 1.5-2 times more than steel equivalent.
• Manufacturer.
• The principle of operation - the cost of the wood gas generator boiler of the domestic producer will cost 35-40 thousand rubles, and the price of the boiler of the classical design will fall approximately 20 thousand rubles.
• Additional equipment.

Registration of documents for the commissioning of the boiler in operation, subject to their registration in Rostechnadzor, is not required.

Installation of heating in a private house with a boiler on firewood

Water circuit boilers for the heating of a private house are connected to an already existing heating system with a forced or natural coolant circulation. During the holding mounting workPerform the requirements of PPB and SNiP.

Another important issue taken into account during the connection is the need to accommodate a roomy fuel storage. Boiler, for the season burns 10-15 cubic meters of firewood. The repository should be dry, affordable, roomy and safe.

Where you can install a wood boiler

Water heating boiler for heating of a private house is established anywhere, provided that it complies with technical and fire protection requirements. General Recommendationsrelative to the choice of room under the boiler room, are:

The main requirement to operate the wood boiler is observing PPB. Modern models are equipped with a multi-level security system that prevents the smoke of the room and boil the coolant.

Private house heating schemes with boiler on firewood

Heating device in a private house using a wood boiler, is performed different ways. Selecting the layout scheme, largely depends on the design of the boiler and the parameters of the room. All options can be divided into several classes, according to the following features:


Voltage and uninterrupted power supply.

Modern wood boilers are distinguished by the cost-effectiveness, security and convenience of control, and are successfully used as an alternative to gas equipment.

At the present time, the price of petroleum products and gas is growing all the time, so people start looking for cheaper and practical methods of heating. One of these ways is wood heating.

In our market received widespread heating wood boilers:

• classic boilers that work on any solid fuel (Atmos, Opop, Roca, Dakon, etc.);
• lithuanian boilers of a solid fuel type of long burning of the STROPUVA brand;
• pyrolysis boilers of trademarks of Viessmann, Buderus.

Note that the high-quality equipment of heating with a wood-boiler is not cheap, and capital investments can exceed the price of a diesel or gas boiler room of the same power.

Scope of application

These boilers for people living in the private sector are most in demand. For them need wood heating boilers Small and less often average power, as the square buildings are within a hundred - one hundred and fifty square meters.

Such equipment has gained great popularity by summer residents, thanks to its simplicity and reliability. Do not forget about the baths that love our population so much.

For and against wood boilers

When buying a wood heat source, you need to take into account several points:

• Almost all boilers were designed to work on a stone coal, and parameters, such as the combustion time of one bookmark and power, are indicated specifically to work on the corner.
  Thus, for the use of a universal boiler for burning firewood, this fact should be taken into account and calculate the parameters for its system and fuel;
• In order to maintain a constant temperature in the room, which heating the wood boilers for heating at home, you need to throw up fuel to the fuel to the furnace for four hours.
  In a word, you need to be prepared for the work of the Kochgar, as well as take care of the room in which firewood will be saved;
• The quality of fuel may be different depending on the source of the raw material, and differ significantly;
• Perform and implement the system of automatic operation of such a boiler is very difficult. This will require constant availability. electric current, and the heating of a wood boiler is chosen precisely because it does not require a constant availability of electricity.
  Thus, the ideal way out of the current situation will be a construction. Properly implemented system has one valuable quality - self-regulation.

Disadvantages of such boilers

• The impressive mass of such boilers, which is caused by the material from which they are manufactured - cast iron;
• All waste woodworking and firewood is low-calorie fuel. To get the desired high efficiency when burning, you need to burn a large amount of firewood. As a result, the pursuit of cheap fuel leads to at least commensurate costs for the work of a natural gas boiler;
• A challenge is to maintain constant temperature mode The works of such equipment, since there are no high-quality mechanisms for automating these boilers. In addition, it will take every three hours to throw fuel into the boiler;
• Since firewood has a low calorific value, boilers have small efficiency, which does not exceed seventy percent.
  To achieve such efficiency, the boilers build fireboxes with large sizes that affect the dimensions of the boiler (in our video and photo gallery you can make sure about it).

Boilers on firewood

Even with all the disadvantages described above, wood heating boilers for home have their segment in the consumer market, and there are no prerequisites for their position in the future. They have a noticeable less cost compared to the same pyrolysis, pellet and long-burning boilers.

- This is the installation of a continuous action, you can do the addition of fuel without waiting for the combustion of the last bookmark. But here we note that the equipment of long-term action on the firewood of the STROPUVA brand due to its design features is periodic boilers.

Before each new fuel laying, it is necessary to clean the source of heat from the ashes and soot, and then only to settle a new batch of fuel and ignite.

Council. If you wish to create a more economical heating system, then pay attention to pyrolysis boilers, they even cost more, but pay off for the shortest possible time.

Very many models of wood boilers are universal, that is, it is possible to transfer them to another type of fuel (diesel fuel or gas).

Boilers gas generator woods

But at least, we still note pyrolysis boilers or as they are also called gas generator. IN last years They are becoming increasingly popular among consumers.

In the process of its work, they produce gas from fuel. To slowly smoldering wood, air is served in the bunker, a combustible generator gas appears in the end, which contains a large number of CO. This mixture of gas along with air passes through the nozzle made from a special ceramic brick with a slit, and falls into another chamber, it burns in it. As a result, a long and uniform fuel burning occurs.

Wood heating is the most ancient way Create comfort inside the housing. Firewood is easily accessible in most regions of the country, therefore, today this type of heating system is very popular. One of the main drawbacks of wood boilers is the method of adding fuel to the furnace, or rather the frequency of this procedure. IN ordinary systems "Throwing" firewood is necessary every 2-3 hours. But recently, in many houses began to install a long burning boiler. It is about such systems that will be discussed in this article.

Varieties of boilers with a long period of fuel burning

Today there are many varieties of water heating devices for the heating system of the house, including the wood-burning boiler for long burning. Manufacturers produce several types of similar devices. They differ in ways to increase the combustion time of fuel from one bookmark. You can find equipment that works on the principles:

• controlled fuel combustion;
• increase the size of the furnace.

The second type in principle does not have any significant differences from ordinary boilers. In such devices, the volume of the semicircle itself simply increases. As a result, more firewood is placed in it, which will burn longer.

Another thing to use the principle of controlled fuel combustion. Here in the design of all sorts of innovationswhich allowed not only to increase the combustion time of one wood laying, but also increased the efficiency of boilers.

There are two varieties of such heating equipment, namely:

• pyrolysis boilers;
• devices using the principle of upper burning.

It was about such boilers of long burning for heating at home and will be discussed in the future.

Pyrolysis systems

Scientists have long noticed that when combustion of any solid fuel is allocated carbon dioxidewhich can be used as additional fuel. Such a process and received the name Pyrolysis. When combustion of firewood gas stands out quite a lotTherefore, wood pyrolysis boilers and got such widespread.

The principle of operation of such devices is quite simple. Fuel is placed in the first chamber of firebox. With a small air intake firewood is smoldering and released pyrolysis gaswhich comes into the second chamber. Here the gas is burned and heats the coolant of the home heating system.

Such a device can significantly increase the efficiency of the wood boiler. The efficiency of such devices reaches a value of 90% and higher. In addition, pyrolysis boilers of long burning possess other advantages, namely:

• fuel combines almost completely. There is no need to constantly remove numerous combustion products;
• increases the boiler time on one bookmark. It is enough to "throw up" firewood in the furnace once every 15 hours;
• significantly decreases fuel consumption that entails savings on the heating of the house;
• devices are environmentally safe. During the combustion of pyrolysis gas, harmful substances are not produced into the atmosphere. With their combustion, carbon dioxide and water pairs are obtained;
• the possibility of complete control over the combustion temperature appears;
• pyrolysis firing boilers long burning unpretentious in service.

But despite all its advantages, pyrolysis equipment is not devoid of disadvantages. Among them you can select the following:

• pyrolysis boilers are quite expensive equipment. Many family it may not be easy to pocket. But these devices will save on the heating of the house, which compensates for the cost of buying equipment;
• boilers have a lot of weight and impressive dimensions, due to their complex device;
• quite demanding of fuel quality. Firewood should be dry, the efficiency of the device depends on it;
• the need for constant power supply. The device has discharge fans that need electricity.

The high cost of pyrolysis heating boilers of long-burning burning significantly reduces their popularity. But many masters independently make such devices. Schemes and drawings can be easily found on the Internet.

Devices working on the principle of upper combustion

Another type of boilers with a long-term combustion period of fuel used for home heating are devices operating on the principle of upper combustion. Such equipment is high-tech and efficient.

The furnace in such boilers looks like a hollow vertical cylinder. After booking, they are set on fire at the top point. Gradually, the flame falls down the furnaces. There are no coopers in such systems. Air is supplied only on top, therefore the direction of the flame from top to bottom.

At boilers with the top burning of the water circuit is located around cylindrical firebox. That the device allows you to more effectively heat the coolantSo, it is also to pull the room.

The use of such equipment gives many advantages. Among them can be noted:

• the heat transfer increases, which means the efficiency coefficient;
• one fuel refueling is enough for 10-15 hours. This significantly reduces labor costs during operation;
• due to the more efficient heat transfer system, fuel costs are reduced;
• simple device allows you to use the boilers of the upper burning for heating any premises (Baths, saunas, etc.), not just private houses.

If we talk about disadvantages, then three main minuses can be distinguished. It:

• high cost relative to boilers with the usual fuel combustion method;
• there is some dependence on temperature ambient. When combustion in the cold room, fuel consumption is significantly increased. Therefore, such boilers are better to use only in homes with good thermal insulation. In addition, at low temperatures on the street, air flow increases, and therefore the combustion rate of firewood;
• to add a new portion of firewood, it is necessary to wait for a complete exercise of the previous party. If you fall asleep fuel before, the burning will occur not in the direction. Significantly increases the consumption of firewood.

It is also desirable to use dry fuel. If the firewood have an extra moisture, then the efficiency of boilers is significantly reduced. Some models equipped with special cameraswhere you can dry the fuel before it is sent to the firebox.

Conclusion

Use of firewood as fuel for home heating is quite economical. In many regions of our country, wood can be prepared independently, thereby saving significantly. But the use of conventional heating boilers often negates all aspirations to leaning. The usual wood hardware has low efficiency, and the fuel must be added to the furnace very often.

Modern manufacturers of heating devices offer customers for long burning boilers. Pyrolysis devices or vertical burning devices help significantly reduce fuel consumption and reduce labor costs When operating. Of course, such boilers are expensive, but all costs can be compensated for firewood savings. In addition, due to the high performance, the efficiency in the house will always be warm and comfortable.

Let's start, naturally, with maximum power. No need to think that if the characteristics of the boiler is written "10 kW / 100 m2", then it is enough for a small house with a margin. First, the power of any solid fuel boiler It very much depends on the quality of the fuel, moreover, in the characteristics it is indicated for coal (on it the heat transfer is above all). Try throwing the firewood - and at home it will immediately cool, well, and if the firewood also mock ... In addition, the boiler is greater power will have a larger firebox - and therefore it will be less frequent.

At all, the need for frequent addition of fuel is a common problem of solid fuel boilers. Solving ways are several:

• Bunker boilers - They are from a separate container (bunker) automatically "feed" the furnace. Such systems were developed primarily under pellets (fuel granules), which are very convenient to serve a screw, but now there are models capable of working on the corner.
• Boilers long burning have an increased loading volume, and the combustion process itself is not quite common - fuel is on top down. But they have no always convenient features - we wrote about it higher in the ranking.

But in any case, the "long-playing" boiler will become more difficult and more expensive, especially with the bunker. Whereas about combined boiler? In them, heating is provided not only by burning fuel, but also installed inside by ane - if the boiler goes out, electricity will continue to support at least some temperature. Such boilers are convenient to leave for the night - you will not wake up in the morning, feeling that the tooth tooth falls. Often to such boilers are offered and sets of retrofitting under gas or diesel fuel. In some models, it is even initially provided for automatic switching to liquid or gaseous fuel, if there is no fire in the furnace. In general, this option is interesting at least that when you appear the opportunity to connect the house to the gas, you don't have to change the boiler, buy a new, redo the connection: you can simply put the gas burner to the old one.

Important moment - design heat exchanger. Perfect option - cast iron: a thick-walled monolithic heat exchanger, if the manufacturer does not "penetrate" the shells and microcracks in the casting, will truly eternal, besides it will endure increased pressure without problems. But such a boiler will be more expensive (you can not fit into the budget), and harder (the question of the strength of the floor may have to strengthen it). Steel heat exchangers have the inevitable risk of leakage on welding, and the walls usually thinner. Therefore, it is worth at least taking a boiler, and the reviews for a specific model to watch before buying is true, and the reviews themselves have been buying a long time ago ... So choose a solid-splitting better go to the forums, and not on popular reviews for reviews that occupied paid praise.