Payment hot water- one of the main expenses for apartment owners in an apartment building. Management companies regularly receive questions about both charging fees for this service and current tariffs. In the article, we will deal with all the points mentioned and provide useful reference material, including a table with updated tariffs for hot water in Moscow in 2019.

Many consumers are still surprised by the appearance of the “water heating” position in the payment system for housing and communal services. This innovation appeared a long time ago - in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406 of May 13, 2013, in houses with a centralized water supply system, payment must be made at a 2-component tariff.

The traditional hot water tariff has been split into two parts:

• cold water consumption;
• heat consumption.

For this reason, a line appeared in the receipt indicating the amount of heat spent on heating cold water. It seems to many that the payment for this heating is being charged illegally, although it is indeed legitimate. The head of the expert support of the help system "MKD Management" answered the question of how to calculate the payment for hot water supply for different categories of houses? ...

The innovation was required due to the fact that tenants additionally use an unaccounted amount of energy. Towel dryers and risers are connected to the hot water system, which consume heat. Previously, these costs were not taken into account in any way when calculating the payment for corporate governance. It is allowed to take money for heat supply only during the heating season, therefore, heating the air due to the operation of a heated towel rail as a public service was not subject to payment. The solution was found precisely in the form of such a division of the tariff into two parts.

For a better understanding, it is worth describing the situation with DHW heating in numbers. If nothing more is required from cold water, except for purity and pressure, then with hot water everything is a little more complicated. In the case of DHW, another parameter is added - temperature. The supplier must withstand it, otherwise complaints are received, an audit is scheduled and, upon confirmation of the fact of violations, the fee is reduced. For hot water, the temperature should be at least + 60 ° C.

During the analysis, it turned out that heating the hot water circulating through the pipelines consumes about 40% of the heat, in general, necessary for the domestic hot water supply. The hot water coming from the supplier is not consumed in full and is sent through the return pipe to the heat exchanger, where it is heated by the boiling water supplied to the house. As it passes through the pipes, it cools down. If little water is consumed in an apartment building, then heat losses can reach significant values, and the payment made by the owners at a one-component tariff will not be enough to cover all costs.

Dividing the tariff so that water heating costs are separately taken into account was the solution to this problem.

Hot water tariff table from July 1, 2018 in Moscow

The introduction of a new tariffication system in Russia, which implies payment for heating hot water, is taking place gradually. The decision on this is made at the regional level, therefore, news about the transition to the new system periodically appears. For example, a 2-component tariff for hot water was introduced in the Altai Territory at the beginning of July 2018. Let's describe what this separation looks like.

1. Cold water for hot water supply. Calculation of payment here is quite simple - water passes through a "hot" metering device, its volume in cubic meters is fixed and multiplied by the cost of cold water at the current rate.
2. Heating, that is, the heat energy expended to provide DHW. Here the calculations are made somewhat more complicated - the cubic meters counted by the counter are multiplied by the standard for heating water, as well as by the cost of a gigacalorie.

The moment with the standard for heating cold water for hot water supply requires a separate explanation. It is understood as the amount of thermal energy that is spent on bringing a cubic meter of water to the required temperature. This standard is approved at the level of the agency working in the regional administration that regulates prices and tariffs.

If in the Altai Territory the transition to 2-component tariffication took place on July 1, 2018, in the Chelyabinsk region it happened earlier. In some regions, the system is already working, in others, the transition is still being postponed. For example, in the Volgograd region, it was decided to postpone the introduction of the new system until January 1, 2020. Until this moment, the cost of the service will be charged according to the previous principle - simply for the consumed volume, depending on the tariff for 1 cubic meter of hot water.

The transition to a two-component tariff is a federal initiative that implies a certain freedom of action for the regions. The new system should eventually start working throughout the country, but now the subjects have the right to start working with it or postpone this moment. For example, by a recent decision of the Government, the deadline for adopting standards for heat consumption for heating cold water for hot water supply was postponed to the beginning of 2020.

In the table, we present the tariffs for hot water in Moscow, taking into account the increase that has occurred since July 1, 2018.

The tariff rate for hot water supply for Muscovites does not include the commission that payment system operators and banking organizations take for their services when they accept this payment. According to the established practice, the specified tariff will be valid for 1-2 years, after which it will be increased again to overcome inflationary fluctuations.

As you can see, in Moscow, at the moment, a one-component tariff for hot water supply is used, in which consumers pay for the service in the amount of consumed cubic meters according to installed meters or, in their absence (which is already a rarity today), according to the standard.

How much have the tariffs for water heating increased?

In the capital, as in many other cities, since July 1 of this year, the cost of a number of utilities... The average growth by order of the Moscow government should not exceed 5.5 percent, while there was no increase at all for some items. If we talk about hot water, it has become 4.4 percent more expensive for citizens living in "old" Moscow, and now its price is the already mentioned 188.53 rubles per cubic meter.

Introduction:

The topic of calculating utility bills is one of the most difficult. For those who have not previously encountered the problem, it is difficult to figure it out right away, and there seems to be no time for this.

However, let's try.

For calculations, the PP of the Russian Federation No. 354 (procedure and methods for all occasions), the PP of the Russian Federation No. 307 (only for heating and only until July 1, 2016, then the PP of the Russian Federation No. 354 applies), and the PP of the Russian Federation No. 306 (standards) are used.

The text of the documents is complex, practically inaccessible to a mass payer. There is no clear system in the designation of physical quantities, which can confuse the reader, there are no names of physical quantities used in the calculation formulas and explanations. As if they were writing for themselves. We know the type ourselves, but the rest do not need to know.

And one more initial note. The gentlemen from the UK and from the Developer often show great joy regarding the "energy efficiency" of new buildings, in particular in our area.

The essence of energy efficiency is a strict accounting of all utility resources and measures to save them. Let's see in the course of the discussion how justified such a "joy" is.

Since our DHW system is closed, that is, non-centralized, the corresponding section of the RF PP No. 354 (Appendix 2, Section IV) is used for calculations, when the production of a utility service, in this case DHW, is carried out by the contractor (CC) on our ITP equipment from the composition of the common property.

Regarding this very concept of "production" of hot water supply by the contractor, we will not go into details yet. This is a separate rather "muddy" and controversial topic of who actually produces what and how.

We only note that according to the RF PP No. 354, clause 54 of the Rules, it is clearly defined that the payment for the maintenance of common property (IHP equipment, where the service provider heats water for hot water supply) is charged separately. That is, "production" - operating costs for this common property are included in the payment for the maintenance and repair of common property and are not included in the calculation of the payment for hot water supply.

So what do you need to consider when calculating the DHW charge?

The total consumption of cold drinking water(through the cold water line) supplied for heating for hot water supply.

The total consumption of heat energy taken in boilers from the heat carrier from the centralized heat energy (heating) supply system.

Everything seemed simple. Divided the total heat consumption (heating) by the total volume of cold water used for hot water supply and order. Received specific heat consumption per cubic meter of hot water.

However, our receipts do not account for the total volume of cold water and hot water separately.

And the data of individual consumption for hot water supply and cold water supply cannot be used due to the systematic error of measurements of apartment meters. Therefore, the concept of ONE was introduced to eliminate this systematic error and to accurately summarize the water consumption for the entire house with a common house meter.

In this sense, the PP of the Russian Federation No. 354 is stated not quite correctly and the campaign has long been outdated in places, when it is proposed to use the total readings of the IPU as the basis for calculations, if there is no common house meter, but at the same time the authors of the normative text completely forgot about the systematic error of the apartment IPU (dead zone IPU at low water flow rates).

According to the law "On Energy Saving ...", the first thing to be done is to install common house metering devices, and where there is no technical feasibility due to the design of the house, the technical feasibility should be created by reconstruction (extension) of the premises for the installation of utility metering units.

The general housekeeping of communal resources is not profitable for utilities, therefore they sabotage the process. It's easier to cheat in “muddy water”.

Also, when we go to the ITP, there is no separate accounting for the consumption of heat energy, which is spent on DHW heating... At least this is not visible from the content of the information provided in the receipt.

But what about the super duper energy efficient ITP? Isn't it too easy for a super duper energy efficient ITP with "space technology"?

Have you installed one common cold water meter and one common heat energy meter for the entire block and are you happy as elephants?

And according to the Law, every single house must be equipped with metering devices.

How does it differ then our ITP from the usual heating unit of the old Soviet house?

Why do we hear about energy efficiency every year?

Hike so that some rogue - "money pump" under the energy service agreement "authoritatively" said that we need to install metering devices to improve energy efficiency.

It is already clear to us that we need a comprehensive accounting of communal resources.

Who prevented the installation of a two-channel heat energy meter? Was it hard to plug in a meter to measure the consumption of make-up water for the DHW system?

And if they do exist, then why are their readings not used in calculations and are not indicated in receipts?

Disputes between managers and resource supplying organizations about the procedure for calculating payments for the provided utilities are a frequent occurrence. They happen due to the fact that each party interprets the legislation in such a way as to get the maximum benefit for itself.

Today we will talk about the dispute between the UO and the RSO about how to correctly calculate the amount of thermal energy used for DHW heating.

The subject of the dispute

The managing and resource supplying organizations entered into a heat supply agreement. RNO pledged to deliver the EO thermal energy and hot water, while the UO had to pay for these services and the heat carrier that was not returned to the heating network of the heat supply organization. It seems that there is nothing unusual, in each subject of the Russian Federation, thousands of UOs conclude similar agreements with the North Ossetia.

But in our case, the reason for disagreement was the disagreement of the managing organization with how the RCO calculates the amount of thermal energy used to heat water. The UO believed that it was necessary to calculate according to the standard. The heat supply organization, on the other hand, was sure that it was necessary to calculate the size of the board according to the readings of the metering devices.

Disagreements led to the fact that the UO did not pay for the supplied utilities, accumulated debts to the RNO, and the heat supply organization had to go to court with a claim to collect the debt for the supplied utility resource.

Opinions of the Arbitration and Appeal Courts

The first court to consider the case was the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region. The RNO insisted that the managing organization should pay for the supplied resource according to the readings of metering devices. The MA in response provided a counter-calculation of the debt, based on the application of the calculation of payment for heat energy used for water heating, in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05/06/2011 No. 354. The numbers demanded by the RNO turned out to be larger than those calculated by the UO.

The Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region decided to satisfy the claims of the RNO in part and to recover from the management organization most of the amount demanded by the plaintiff as a debt, penalty interest and payment of the state fee for court costs. He explained that the heat supply organization charges the fee incorrectly, so the MA must return the amount that will turn out if the calculations are correct.

Although the requirements of the RNO were satisfied, it turned out that the court sided with the managing organization, because it did not refuse to pay at all, but wanted to get the correct calculation.

The heat supply organization remained dissatisfied with this decision and filed an appeal with the Tenth Arbitration Court of Appeal, which overturned the decision of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region.

The Court of Appeal was guided by Art. 157 ZhK RF and Federal Law of 27.07.2010 No. 190-FZ and proceeded from the need to determine the volume of thermal energy supplied for heating water in a disputable period according to the readings of a serviceable meter previously installed to the subscriber, and not on the basis of a heating standard.

This time the management organization did not agree with the decision. She was confident that she was right and decided to appeal the case to the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District. But this court defended the RNO and refused to satisfy the requirements of the managing organization, leaving the decision of the previous court in force.

The UO decided not to give up and filed a cassation appeal with the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. In it, the UO referred not to an incorrect application of the rule of law and asked to cancel the named decisions of the courts of appeal and the district, upholding the decision of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region.

Representatives of the resource-supplying organization objected to the satisfaction of the complaint, citing the legality and validity of the contested decisions.

Arguments and decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

The Judicial Collegium of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation checked the case materials, discussed the arguments set out in the cassation appeal, and decided to satisfy the complaint of the managing organization, noting that the previous courts did not take into account several provisions of the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

The organization of the supply of heat energy and hot water to the managing organization through the connected network is carried out in order to provide public services to citizens living in the apartment building. Such relations are subject to paragraphs. 10 p. 10 art. 4 LCD RF.

The amount of payment for utilities is calculated based on the volume of consumed utilities. This volume is determined by the readings of metering devices. If there is no PU, the amount of payment for utilities is calculated based on the consumption standards approved by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

This procedure does not contradict paragraph 1 of Art. 157 of the RF LC, which provides for the determination of the volume of consumed CU according to the readings of metering devices, and only in their absence allowing the use of consumption standards for CU. The catch is that thermal energy is not among the consumed utilities.

In the city where the participants in the proceedings were, the standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating the hot water supply was established by the decree of the head of the city of Podolsk dated 21.12.2004 No. 2707-p.

The heat supply organization did not provide evidence of the recognition of the standard as invalid or invalid, therefore, the courts of appeal and the district had no grounds for determining the amount of heat energy used for heating water in order to provide hot water supply services, to be guided by the indications of the ODPU.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation noted that the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region made a lawful and well-grounded decision, correctly interpreting the legislation. Therefore, the RF Armed Forces decided to leave its decision in force, and to cancel the decisions of the Tenth Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region, the ruling of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District.

When paying for utilities, many people are surprised to see the phrase "water heating" in the receipt. In fact, this innovation was adopted back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, if there is a centralized water supply system, payment must be made at a two-component tariff.

Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: the use of cold water and heat energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for hot water supply and heat energy. That is why a column appeared in the receipts, indicating the amount of thermal energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that heating charges are being levied illegally, and write complaints about housing and communal services. To make sure that this type of charge is legitimate, you should learn more about this service.

The reason for this innovation was the additional use of energy. Risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this consumption was not previously taken into account in the calculation of utility bills. Since the heating fee can only be charged during the heating season, heating the air through the use of a heated towel rail was not paid as a public service. The government found a way out of this situation by dividing the tariff into two components.

Equipment

If the water heater fails, the hot water bill will not increase. In this case, authorized employees of the management organization are obliged to repair the equipment urgently. But since the repair requires payment, the tenants still have to pay this amount. Despite the fact that the heating bill will remain the same, the amount of payment for the repair and maintenance of the property will be increased. This is because water heaters are part of the property of homeowners.

As for non-standard situations, when, for example, some apartments in a multi-storey building have access to hot water, and the second only to cold water, issues regarding payment for heating are resolved on an individual basis. As practice shows, often tenants are required to pay for common property that they do not use.

Thermal energy component

If with the calculation of payment for cold water everything is quite simple (it is carried out on the basis of a set tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heating.

The amount to pay for a service such as water heating is calculated taking into account the following components:

• the established tariff for heat energy;
• costs required to maintain a centralized hot water supply system (from central heating points where water is heated);
• the cost of heat loss in pipelines;
• costs necessary for the transportation of hot water.

The calculation of utility bills for hot water supply is made taking into account the volume of water used, which is measured in m 3.

As a rule, the amount of required heat energy is determined on the basis of the general house values, which are shown by the hot water meters and the consumed heat energy. The amount of energy used in each room is calculated by multiplying the amount of water used (determined by the meter) by the specific consumption of heat energy. The amount of energy is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount required to pay for what is written in the receipt as "water heating".

How to calculate yourself in 2018-2019

Heating water is one of the most expensive utilities. This is due to the fact that when heating, it is necessary to use special equipment operating from the mains. To make sure that the correct amount for payment is indicated on the receipt, you can make the calculations yourself and compare the received value with the amount indicated on the receipt. To do this, you need to find out the amount of payment for heat energy established by the regional tariff commission. Further calculations depend on the presence or absence of metering devices:

1. If you have a meter installed in your apartment, then you can calculate the consumption of heat energy, focusing on its indicator.
2. If there is no meter, calculations should be made based on the established standard indicators (established by the energy saving organization).

If there is a general meter for the consumption of heat energy in a residential building and individual meters installed in the apartments, the accrual of the amount for heating is calculated based on the readings of the general meter and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If there is no such device, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated based on the standard of energy consumption for heating 1 m 3 of water in the reporting month and readings individual counter water.

Where to file a complaint

If the legitimacy of the additional line "water heating" in the receipts is questionable, so as not to overpay for heating, it is recommended to first contact the Criminal Code with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the MKD premises. In the absence of such a decision, you should write a complaint to the GZI. After filing a claim with the Criminal Code, you must be provided with an answer with explanations within thirty days. In case of refusal to substantiate why such a service is prescribed in the receipt, a complaint should be filed with the prosecutor's office with a claim to the court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount indicated in the receipt, Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation will serve as the basis for the claim. If a refund is not required, but you have to pay for services that you are not provided with, file a lawsuit to exclude the line "water heating". In this case, it is worth referring to Article 16 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".