The main condition for the correct development of the plant at all stages is sufficient illumination with the rays of the desired spectrum.

For the correct use of phytolamba for plants, it is necessary to know something about photosynthesis.

The figure shows the spectrum of light (wavelength), which plant "loves".

The graph of the dependence of photosynthesis from the length of the light wave

Photosynthesis - a chemical process, as a result of which from the energy of sun rays, water and carbon dioxide Form organic substances, in other words, grows green mass.

Chlorophyll is a green pigment, without which photosynthesis is impossible.

Photomorphogenesis is a set of processes under which the processes of growth (germination of seeds, root growth, ripening of the fetus) are activated under the influence of rays of different spectrum. At development stages are needed, and in varying degrees, light of various spectrum is useful.

Chlorophyll has two varieties - a and B. For them, various rays are also needed.

Chlorophyll a and b

Optimal Lighting Spectrum for Plant Development:

• 420-460 nm;
• 630-670 nm.

Features

Phytolampames include light sources approximate by characteristics to the natural, as they say to the full light, to the spectrum of which they are most adapted.

Advantages of using phytolamp

Purpose of home lamps for plants - winter shower and in early spring. At this time, the duration of the daylight is not enough for the correct flow of morphogenesis and photosynthesis. Trying to get additional lighting in the apartment, the plants are pulled up (to the sun), thinning, growth energy is not enough to develop a healthy, strong seedlings or tie buds on colors. Distributed plants develop correctly regardless of the place of cultivation: on the window at home or greenhouse in the garden.

Opinion expert

Alexey Bartosh

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Note! The main advantage in the use of phytolamp is energy savings, and not plants lighting with a special spectrum of light.

How is the necessary effect achieved?

Phytolamblu radiates light in the range required for the plant, without spending energy to develop light in the "unnecessary" part of the spectrum.

The spectrum of incandescent lamp "shifted" in the direction of infrared radiation, which is useless for vegetative processes (see graphics above). Most of the energy (up to 95%) in incandescent lamps spent on heat release.

Than phytolampa differ from ordinary? Unlike incandescent lamps, phytolamblupa can work in the range required for plants. At the "side" spectrum is spent by minimum of energy.

Rules for choosing phytolamba

The choice of phytolamba is carried out with regard to the requirements for the device, which should provide:

• The absence or minimum amount of radiation in ultraviolet, far red and infrared band.
• Heating during operation should not adversely affect plants, break the thermal balance, cause burns.
• Radiation of the light stream of necessary intensity.
• Energy savings.
• Convenience in installing, maintenance, repair.
• The economic feasibility of growing plants, taking into account the price.
• In the included state, the lamp should not adversely affect the vital activity, bring inconvenience.

As phytolamps apply different electrical appliances on the device and the principle:

• Sodium.
• Luminescent or energy saving.
• Induction.
• LED.

Each of the types has inherent in the virtues and disadvantages. Consider the types of lighting in detail.

Sodium

Sodium lamps are not suitable for installation in residential areas. Bright light spreads in all directions, blind, causes eye diseases.

DNAT lamps (arc sodium) and dases (arc sodium mirror) according to the design and principles of work are identical, they differ in the presence of an inner mirror surface (aluminum or from silver alloys). The mirror allows you to send the emitted light in the desired direction.

Having calculated the power of the lamp, take into account that for 1 kV lighting. m. surface, 100 W power is necessary.

Dentities of DNAT, dase:

• High light output, up to 150 lm (lumen) per 1 W power consumption.
• Acceptable efficiency.
• Long service life.
• Operating temperature of air -60 - +40 ºС.
• Efficiency for the development of flowering plants.

Disadvantages are associated with ease of use.:

• High temperature flasks - when dropping droplets of water, the lamp explodes, random contact with the skin causes a strong burn.
• Turning time is 5-10 minutes after the voltage is supplied to heat the device.
• Disposal difficulties - in the flask are the mercury pairs, causing poisoning.
• The presence of trust-adjusting equipment for the operation of an electrical appliance.
• The impossibility of focusing the light stream - the room is illuminated in all directions.
• The need to respect distances to plants to prevent burns.

From the figure it is seen that the spectrum of high-pressure arc lamps is in the red zone - it suits colors, contributes to the ripening of fruits. For growing radish, lettuce, onions, another greenery requires an increased energy consumption when illuminated by this type of lamps.

High-pressure arc lamp spectrum is in the Red Zone

Fluorescent lamps

Fluorescent lamps are actively used in the cultivation of seedlings. The spectrum shifted towards the ultraviolet has a beneficial effect on the development of the root system.

The advantages of luminescent lamps:

• Low cost lamps.
• Efficiency when working.
• Low temperature makes it possible to bring the lamp to plants, without fear of burns.
• Selection of lamps on the shade of the glow. Warm light is needed during flowering period, cold contributes to the growth of the root system, makes the seedlings strong. Lamps, emitting daylight universal, are suitable for planting plants for the entire season of vegetation.

Separate type of fluorescent lamps - phytolamba. Famous manufacturers We developed and produce such lamps. OSRAM FLUORA and CAMELION BIO lamps are popular with popularity. The picture shows the light that the products emit. The pink shade of the glow is caused by mixing prevailing in the blue and red radiation spectrum. Effects the effect of luminofora - special composition.

Pink shade of phytolamp

Luminescent phytolampa are not devoid of flaws:

• Insufficient power - Paired lamps are installed for shocking.
• High cost compared to conventional daylight lamps.
• The inability to be located in the room with the included illumination - the blue section of the radiation spectrum negatively affects the vision, the lighting of the room (kitchen) acquires an unusual irritant.
• Difficult to use in greenhouses in the cultivation of plant-resistant plants (radishes, onions). The lamps are difficult to ignite at low temperatures, after the ignition is possible noticeable flicker.

Energy-saving phytolampa (housekeeping)

The type of fluorescent lamps of similar to them, the principles of work are energy-saving lamps. Push adjusting equipment is embedded in the base. Connection is performed in the standard E27 cartridge. Energy-saving and special spectrum are on sale. Such lamps are convenient to highlight individual plants. Heating the lamp is insufficient for causing burns of burns. Lamps do not consume a lot of electricity.

Induction

Modern form of luminescent lamps - induction lamps for plants.

The principle of operation is similar to conventional fluorescent lamps - the emergence of an arc in a gas environment. The design of induction lamps does not contain inside the flask of the electrodes. This increases the service life, it can reach 15-20 years at 10-12-hour operation. The second advantage - no burnout of the electrodes, therefore, the light stream is noticeably notably reduced over time.

Acquisition of expensive equipment pays off at the expense of a long service life. The advantages include a weak heating of the flask. This makes it possible to reduce the distances from the lamp to the plant, which reduces the loss of light intensity. The spectrum of the glow of such lamps is suitable for successful cultivation Plants.

LED

LED phytolamby is gaining popularity. Provide demand positive qualities of LEDs:

• Reduced price and increase availability as technology development.
• Service life, subject to thermal conditions, reaches 50,000 hours.
• Low power consumption.
• The possibility of radiation in any section of the spectrum.
• The lamps with the base are screwed into a standard lamp, without requiring additional devices.
• Environmental friendly - there are no harmful and hazardous substances.
• There is no ultraviolet and infrared waves in the spectrum.
• The ability to adjust the intensity of the glow.

The lack of such lamps is the high price of specialized lamps with a wavelength of 440 and 660 nm.

However, it was shown above that the plants are successfully developed in the ranges of 420-460 and 630-70 nm. Aggressive advertising of lamps 440 and 660 nm no more than marketing stroke of manufacturers.

The seedlings are convenient to heal RGB LED lamps with an E27 base. Application name - Abbreviation from the first letters english words Red, Green, Blue (Red, Green, Blue). The controller is installed in the device, the lamp is driven by a portable remote control. If you hang such a light bulb over the windowsill, it will effectively light plants with red and blue. When in the room of people, the instrument is transferred to white light mode - it will highlight the room.

An example of using LED phytolamps in a greenhouse

Buy the lamp or make your own hands?

Understanding the process of growing and the required lighting spectrum pushes the flower water to the idea of \u200b\u200bmaking LED phytosvetivnikov with their own hands.

An additional incentive will serve knowing some features of inexpensive industrial lamps.

Ways to save unscrupulous manufacturers are simple:

1. In lamps use cheap LEDs with low parameters. As a result, instead of 50 W, the lamp shines by 25-30 W.
2. To increase durability, limit the current through diodes. As a result, the service life increases, and the radiation intensity does not correspond to the designated technical characteristicsspecified in the passport of the product.
3. Nutrition of low-power LEDs The overestimated current leads to an increase in the luminosity, but dramatically reduces the life of the lamp.
4. The close location of the LEDs on the aluminum radiator does not ensure the heat sink - the main condition for preserving the performance of the light bulbs.

Unfortunately, check the accuracy of the product characteristics of the product trading point Or home is not easy, you need to use special measuring devices - luxmeter, ampervoltmeter. It remains to trust the conscientiousness of the seller or make a lamp independently.

The economic feasibility of homemade increased with the appearance of LEDs, drivers (power supplies) of which are built into a single fee.

LED drivers are built into a single fee

The sizes of boards produced by plants allow you to choose a product for installation in the failed LED searchlights and thus get a phytopurniker.

Installation lED ribbon With the desired spectrum it is easy to implement yourself. True, in this case you need to provide a place to install the power supply. Minus cheap ribbons - lack of protection against external influences. It is necessary to purchase a product with the desired protection class.

To achieve the desired result, without causing the plant harm, it will help compliance with the installation rules:

• The use of mirror screens will allow the maximum amount of light to the plant by protecting the user's eyes.
• The direction of the light flow from top to bottom, as the plant illuminates the plant, achieve the activation of vegetative processes.

Opinion expert

Alexey Bartosh

Specialist in repair, maintenance of electrical equipment and industrial electronics.

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Note! A drop of rays on the side of the plant perceives as an approximation of the night, the processes of morphogenesis are activated responsible for the preparation of the flower to the dark time of day.

When installing lamps, you need to adhere to the following recommendations:

• Place the needle lamp at the height, the most close to the plant, not forgetting about possible thermal burns.
• Drops of fluid during spraying should not fall on the light source, to prevent failure.
• The use of equipment for the control of shocking will ensure the proper development of plants and reduce electricity costs. Examine the light mode of a particular plant species - round-the-clock lighting is required only in the first days of planting plants with small seeds.

The right choice of phytosvetyral will allow you to grow strong, healthy seedlings, ensure the zeeping and dissolving buds of colors. The use of lamps of the desired spectrum will reduce the payment of electricity bills.

Proper lighting is one of the most important factors For the full development of cultures. Unfortunately, often the sun rays are missing. In particular in winter. But still plants can be helped. Special electrical devices are used as additional sources. They stimulate growth and contribute to photosynthesis. Let's try to deal with the peculiar features at home.

There are several types of lamps to make up at home.

Artificial lighting is designed to radiate the spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Corresponds to the natural light. To choose the right lamp, you need to know the needs of the plant grown and its development stage. All cultures without exception need to be assimilated. If the lamp does not have such a function, it will only provide additional heat.

There are several techniques of artificial reading. Consider them more details:

1. To increase the intensity of photosynthesis artificial lighting Used in the addition to the natural.
2. To regulate the duration of the light day, adhere to the periodic highlighting scheme.
3. Specialists also recommend in several cases to completely change the natural lighting artificial. So you can control the development of plants.

Note that the full replacement of daylight can be carried out only indoors with controlled climatic conditions. Only with the observance of the balance can be achieved optimal development and rates of plant growth.

When using phytoosviation, follow a few simple recommendations:

1. Efficiency of radiation is directly related to the distance. The smaller the distance from the light source, the more effective the impact. But you need to be extremely careful. Excessive heat release can damage the fragile plant, especially seedlings.
2. If the lamp is located near (for example, about 20 cm) from the plant, the effect will be achieved at a return of 70 watts per one square meter Soil.
3. IN winterWhen the natural duration of the daylight is reduced, it is possible to extend with an artificial method. It will take at least four hours of electrical appliances.
4. The success of the shower depends on the location of the lamp. Radiation should affect the plant directly.

Choose lamps

Manufacturers offer several types of artificial lighting devices. But not all of them can stimulate the growth and development of plants. We will try to deal with the most popular types of devices that ensure sufficient efficiency at home.

Phytolamby LED

Modern technologies made available LED illuminators. Special development provides prolonged efficiency. They have several distinctive advantages:

1. Possess low power, which favorably affects the development of plants.
2. The low rate of heat isolating.
3. With their help, you can achieve a smaller evaporation of moisture. Accordingly, irrigation periodicity is reduced.
4. As a rule, one lamp radiates a few shades. Thanks to which you can simultaneously overlap several active phytosis.
5. Such a device can be purchased and made with your own hands.

Energy Saving Device (ESL)

The light bulb is equipped with a built-in choke. Therefore, it can be easily screwed into the cartridge. There are several types of ESL:

1. A cold type of spectrum is designed to stimulate growth.
2. Warmly applied at the flowering stage.
3. The third is called day spectrum.

The latter view can be used as an independent source for plants lighting. Such lamps have tremendous benefits - long service life (about fifteen thousand hours), as well as low power consumption. In addition, with their help you can save. After all, one lamp will last long enough. And this reduces the cost of buying a new device.

Fluorescent lamps

Enjoy special popularity. Such lamps do not overheat and do not affect air temperature. And this plays an important role in the cultivation of cultures. Pay attention when buying on the spectrum. Mandatory in the luminescent lamp must be provided in the blue rays. They are responsible for effective photosynthesis.

For example, the Fluora standard device provides one power unit twice as much energy, if you compare the unit with a standard incandescent bulb. Continuous duration of work is about twenty thousand hours.

Such a device is distinguished by a long service life and efficiency of electricity consumption. Cheap analogs with a cold spectrum have a less effective impact on culture.

Aquarium lamps

For successful growing plants in aquarium or flurarium, you will need additional lighting. There are two types of instruments.

The lamps with the blue segment of the Actinic spectrum provide efficient radiation. The device is able to influence even through the thickness of the water. Actinic devices are suitable for massive aquariums.

In another type (polnofral) there is a full range of radiation. The light is as close as possible to the daytime. Such a product manufacturers recommend using indoors where daylight access to aquarium is limited.

Sodium devices

Used in late growth stage. Suitable for plants at the reproductive stage. Can affect the formation of buds and fruits. Significantly accelerate the flowering process.

Note that the use of such a type of instruments can cause changes in the appearance of the plant. It will have an unhealthy and pale appearance. Luminaires are distinguished by increased light output and service duration. It is allowed to use them as fragmentary lighting in greenhouses and greenhouses. In the event that the basic dose of lighting comes from a natural source - sun rays.

Metal halogen type

It has increased efficiency. Eighty percent has similar characteristics with natural lighting. Engineers during production can change the main indicators of the light flux. Therefore, HID lamps refer to universal devices. Thanks to this, they can be used for a particular purpose.

Technology includes an important detail - a spectrum of white light. Radiation is as close as possible to natural sunlight. Lamps have an effective impact on the structure of plants. Especially useful to make cultures, if you want to keep their compactness and small size. By appearance Plants do not differ from "street". Middle time useful use is about twenty thousand hours.

Ultraviolet lamps

Radiation is not suitable for phyto use. It has a harmful effect. Cultural development can slow down. To make a shower, it is allowed to include only the red type of spectrum. It contributes to the germination of seeds. Also for plants recommended blue and purple color. They contribute to cell division. But the last two views can be used only in small dosages.

Lamps of bactericidal exposure received the greatest distribution. They emit distant ultraviolet. Not suitable for plant cultivation along with black light lamps and tanning devices. It is allowed to use a black spectrum, but only for exposure to parsley or dill. With the help of the device, their taste quality improves.

How to choose the right lamp for plants you can learn from the video:

Characteristics of artificial lighting

Lighting Specialists are measured in suites. To do this, use the device - luxometer. In the natural medium, the degree of illumination can be about one hundred thousand suite. At the same time, even the most sun-billed plants do not need such a ray intensity.

In the cold season, in a closed room with medium microclimatic conditions, the following illumination features will be needed:

1. For teotelubil plants On average, 700 to 1000 suite is enough. Such cultures include Begonia, Poinsettia, Calatei, Ivy, Maranth and others. But note that the lower level contains a very low amount of light. It is enough for a short life maintenance. Flowering in such conditions will not come. If you want to achieve the production of buds, increase the illumination intensity.
2. A value from 1000 to 2000 Suite is suitable for crops that can exist in the shade, but still prefer illuminated areas. As a rule, experts are recommended for such plants, quite bright, but scattered lighting. TO shadowish plant You can include Diffenbahia, Anthurium, Draza, Monster, Ficus, Spatiflow, Falenopsis, Fuchsia and many others.
3. An indicator from 2500 luxury and more suitable for light-affiliated crops. This category includes roses, pelargoniums, hibiscus and cacti. The specified number does not always have enough for flowering. Several species may not form buds while the level of illumination will reach more than 5,000 suite.

Exotic species of plants, for example, citrus fruits need special lighting. To start the fruits, you will need about 8000-9000 suite.

Duration of the procedure

Lamps can be used for both adult plants and seedlings.

Beginner flower products allow a serious error. They can use artificial lighting without a break. Such an impact can harm the plant. In a dark environment, of course, the production of chlorophyll decreases, but other vitally important processes are launched. For example, plants absorb oxygen at night. But it is not necessary to leave them in a nursery or bedroom. It consumes a small dose of it. If you limit the affairs of the plant to an important elementThis soon can cause sad consequences.

The optimal duration of artificial lighting is about 12-14 hours. Violation of biological processes adversely affects not only the human body. The plant can suffer greatly. Therefore, turn on the device at seven or eight o'clock in the morning. Disconnect approximately at 19.00-22.00.

Duration is also closely related to the amount of solar lighting. If the plant is located on the windowsill on the southern side of the building, the natural rays can be enough even in winter. If you are still worried about the decorative plant, turn on the device for several hours in the morning and not more than four hours in the evening. This technique is great for adult fauna representatives.

Saplings or sparks scheme hurts. Young plants should be covered around the clock. When they get fixed, you can reduce the duration of the shower until 16 hours. Over time, entry crops will need about 12-14 hours of exposure to artificial appliances.

When choosing a lamp, as a rule, focus on the cost of the product. The most budget types of devices include OSRAM L 36 W / 765 Daylight and OSRAM L 36 W / 77 Fluora. The price averages up to 500 rubles.

To achieve the effective development of plants at home, sunlight is usually not enough. If you intend to use additional sources, pay attention to the type of spectrum and characteristics of the device. Some lamps cannot be used in peckers.

If the manufacturer, a gardener or just Grover - Amater does not have the opportunity to grow its favorite flower or plant in the garden in the open air, or simply does not have time to search suitable place For outdoor growth, there is another way to grow your own, good harvest, relatively easy, and without leaving home.

We are talking about the so-called closed cultivation. This is an artificial imitation of nature and its natural behavior. But with one big difference. In nature, the manufacturer is limited to various external factorsSuch as bad weather, wild animals, thieves and envious neighbors who are constantly interested in mysterious plants that grow behind the fence. No actions are being taken at home at home that could harm plants. The manufacturer has the ability to test his skills and artificially stimulate the conditions of cultivation in order to create more beautiful and more productive plants.

The main condition in order to start growing plants is the required amount of sunlight. This radiation can be modeled with artificial lighting, which gives a similar sun spectrum. In case of artificial lighting, the gardener determines which spectrum of light for the plant in a specific period of time will be the most appropriate.

Three types of lighting are suitable for growth and flowering of plants: high voltage lamps, fluorescent lamps, LED and plasma lamps.

Plants cannot exist without light, because the light is one of the main factors for their development. Light is a source of energy that is important for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a combination of these processes - absorption, transformation and use of light energy using quantum different reactions involving the conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds. In other words, this is the formation of organic compounds based on carbon dioxide, water, heat and light, energy.

To choose the right light, you need to get acquainted with all types of lamps.

High voltage gas discharge lamps (HID / HIGH-INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMPS) are classified depending on the burner and gas contained in them:

Mercury gas-discharge lamp (MV / Mercury-Vapor LAMPS)

The mercury gas-discharge lamp was developed as the first gas-discharge lamp in 1959. Mercury lamps emit light mainly in the blue and ultraviolet invisible part of the spectrum. These lamps have a low light stream (about 65 lm / W). Such light compared with metal halogen and sodium lamps (about 150 lm / W) for crop production is considered weak.

Metal halob gas discharge lamps (MH / Metal-Halide Lamps)

The first MH lamps were constructed somewhere in early 60s. Metallogenic lamps are characterized by the "white" color of light, which, at first glance, differs from, for example, sodium lamps. Metal halide lamps have a blue spectrum of light, and their color temperature is 6000 k and more. Blue spectrum has a positive effect on root system Plants, as a result of which contributes to better branching and short interstices. Plants under such a lamp below, but branches. At the flowering stage, however, such lamps often turn out to be unsuitable.

Metal halide lamps are excellent for use in roaring cuttings and seedlings. Little plants do not stretch to light and from the very beginning they begin to branch well. Use this type of lamps is also recommended for maternal plants that guarantee more shoots and rapid growth of plants.

The burner inside the lamp has the shape of the flask. The flask is filled with a mixture of mercury, argon and metals halides (for example, metal connections with bromine or iodine).

These lamps have a power of 150 W, 250 W, 400 W, 600 W, 1000 W and have a color temperature of 4000 K.

Sodium gas discharge lamps (HPS / HIGH-PRESURE SODIUM LAMPS)

Sodium lamps appeared on the market somewhere in the early 1970s, and today are the most widely used type of lighting in the world for growing plants. This is mainly because they have the highest light output (about 150 lm / W), as well as emit Far radiation most suitable for the correct photosynthesis. The light in HPS lamps has predominantly red spectrum, which is suitable for the plant flowering phase. The color temperature of the lamp varies in the range from about 2000 to 2,900 k and produces bright yellow light.

The burner in the sodium lamp is mainly from Korunda.

Sodium lamps are produced with a capacity of 70 W, 150 W, 250 W, 400 W, 600 W, 750 W and 1000 W, they can be used at the stage of growth, provided that the plants will have more intersals and, as a rule, will reach Light.

The advantages of gas-discharge lamps compared to other light sources are really high. These lamps are used in growing in rooms, as well as in large greenhouses intended for commercial cultivation. The disadvantages include high operating temperatures.

The second most widely used light source suitable for growing plants is linear and compact fluorescent lamps, which are sometimes also called resource-saving, energy-saving, compact luminescent, etc.

These lamps have a big advantage that they do not produce such thermal radiation, as in the case of HPS and MH lamps. Thus, they can be used for cultivation and in a very small space near the vertices of plants, without fear of burns.

The use of fluorescent lamps is not determined exclusively by micro growing. Manufacturers light maternal plants, rooted cuttings and young seedlings. But that's not all. Due to its diverse color temperatures, such lamps can be used at all stages of plants life.

Fluorescent lamps refer to the category of low-pressure mercury lamps and are divided into compact and linear.

Fluorescent lamps

These lamps are widely used from the first days of cultivation in a closed room.

Fluorescent lamps are referred to as luminescent lamps, have tubes made of glass and filled with mercury and argon vapors. In these lamps a glowing discharge, emits radiation mainly in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum. This radiation is due to phosphorus, which is located inside the pipe and produces light in the visible spectrum. At both ends of fluorescent tubes, electrodes that conduct an electric current are placed.

Fluorescent growing lamps are usually produced with a capacity of 18, 36 and 54 W, and their length is 60 or 120 cm.

Compact fluorescent lamps (CFL - Compact Fluorescent LAMPS)

If the manufacturer searches for a compact fluorescent lamp with sufficient power and correct color Temperature In the usual economic store, the search is likely to be painful. However, this disadvantage was recently resolved by the production of stronger compact luminescent lamps, which are not only suitable for growing, but also for a group of manufacturers are preferable to others. The lamps are filled with a small amount of mercury and inert gas, they can only be purchased in specialized stores.

Compact fluorescent lamps have the following color temperatures:

2700 K is a red light spectrum suitable for a flowering stage.

4000 K is a double spectrum of light, for growth and flowering.

6400 K - blue spectrum of light, suitable for the growth phase.

14000 K is a white spectrum of light, suitable for rooting cuttings, seedlings and maternal plants.

It should be noted that when using combined compact fluorescent lamps, the results will be lower, and the period of life of the plant from planting to harvest will increase. Therefore, it is recommended to use a lamp, with a blue spectrum for growth, and with a red spectrum for flowering.

CFL lamps suitable for growing are currently commercially available with a capacity of 125 W, 200 W, 250 W.

Compact fluorescent lamps need to be changed more often than linear. The guaranteed work time is about one year depending on the time of use. Then the intensity of these lamps is quickly reduced.

The market also took a worthy place LED lighting, however, for some LED is the future in the field of growing technologies, and for some bloated expectations.

The realization that LED lighting can be used in the cultivation of plants (Light Emitting Diode) is currently quite extensive. However, only a few people know what the advantages and disadvantages of this LED version.

Led. - Electronic semiconductor device, which, with a direct direction of current, radiates light rays. With the first type of LED, humanity became acquainted in 1962 and since then the evolution of this type of lighting continues. Currently, LEDs have a brightness of 100 lumens per watt, this is a sufficient indicator for cultivation. The LED design is a LED chip (or a combination of chips) coated with epoxy resin with the desired optical properties. Some manufacturers also use the optical properties of the lenses to enhance the intensity of the light focused in one place. The most common power of LEDs that are installed in panels 1 and 3 W in some countries are available 6 W LEDs.

LED panels compared to HID lamps have one interesting featureThey do not give out thermal radiation, which is a big advantage for manufacturers who are constantly suffering from high temperature in the room. In addition, the overall consumption of electricity lamp is less.

LED is completely different from other light sources. The lack of a tungsten filament thread, which burns or falls over time and the absence of gaseous components, which makes the lamp longer. In addition, due to the fact that the LED has its own main component (diode) hidden under the epoxy resin layer becomes an unbreakable component. Opinions about life expectancy LED are very diverse. In general, however, about 50,000 hours of work.

The advantage of LED panels is a combination of diodes with different color spectra, thanks to which such lighting is suitable for all stages of plants life. Panels equipped lED backlighthave excellent depth. Perhaps due to the aforementioned lens, the panel can be hung over plants, and achieve good illumination of the lower renal (depending on the type and power on the panel).

However, such lighting has its drawbacks, for example, high cost, prevents gardeners to purchase a LED panel. Many manufacturers love to experiment and try new technologies, but because of their high prices, they have to think twice before making such a purchase.

Since the LED panels are manufactured in various forms (round, square, rectangular), they emit light only at a certain angle, so it is quite difficult to achieve exposure to the entire area of \u200b\u200bcultivation.

One of the greatest new products in the light of growing technologies is LEP (Light Emitting Plasma).

LEP is also known as plasma, sulphide lamp, sulfur lamp sulfur, etc. Some manufacturers also indicate such a lamp as PLS (Plasma Light Systems). Despite the different terminology, this one and the same product, the action of which is based on microwaves and sulfur.

Plasma is the largest innovation among growing light, it appeared on the market in 1990. Unfortunately, in the same year, the lamps were removed from sales due to a commercial failure, and later returned to the market.

This lighting system produces light in a very wide range of FAR (useful for plants) close to the Sun spectrum. Imitation of solar radiation, the initial intention of almost all LEP manufacturers.

The color temperature of the LEP plasma lamp is approximately 5600 K, which suggests that it is intended for the growth phase. The manufacturer recommends using this light for the growth phase and after switching to the flowering stage it is worth using HPS. If you decide to feed the plant with plasma light and during flowering, you must be prepared for very low yields, however with the highest quality. Excellent results are achieved when using LEP as lighting for maternal plants and cuttings.

The question of landscaping the apartment itself is simple. Indoor plants that are on sale - more than 1000 species. On this occasion, many books, articles in magazines, instructions, etc., are published. But almost all of them are considering finding indoor plants With natural light, let it even in a half.

Why do plants need good lighting?

Lighting requires plants for photosynthesis, after which special substances appear that are for them energy and basic material. First of all, the formation of this substance will depend on the volume and quality of the lighting energy, which the leaves absorbs. But chlorophyll, directly transforming the light flow into organic compounds, has explicitly pronounced absorption maxima in a blue and red spectrum range. At the same time, it rather poorly absorbs the yellow and orange spectrum and does not absorb infrared and green rays.

In addition to chlorophyll, such pigments as carotenoids take part in the lighting of lighting. As a rule, in the leaves they are invisible due to the presence of chlorophyll, but at the autumn time, when it is destroyed, carotenoids give foliage orange and yellow color. In the process of photosynthesis, they are important, since the rays of light in the blue and purple spectrum are absorbed, these colors prevail on cloudy days.

What is required by a room plant?

The need of plants in lighting largely depends on the temperature in the room than heat indoors, the greater the amount of light requires a plant. Thus, plants in winter it is worse than just in a weakly heated and poorly highlighted room.

Light mode. The duration of the daylight has a not an important role in the life of any plants. For equatorial colors, which are accustomed to almost constant natural lighting at 12 o'clock, most likely they will not like our geographical location when the minimum light day lasts up to 7 hours, and the maximum - more than 15 hours.

Blindness and artificial lighting for plants

First we define when it really requires plant lighting:

• During the plant content in winter and autumn at a temperature of more than 22x in the regions with a strongly short light day.
• During the content of plants on the windowsill with direct sunlight Less than 3.5 hours.
• During the content of plant seeders in winter and autumn in the regions where cloudy weather prevails.

In other cases, the dispatch is simply unjustified and, to some extent, will be useless waste of money and strength.

During the lights of the plants you need tax factors:

Artificial lighting for indoor plants

Do not use classic incandescent lamps Alone: \u200b\u200bThere are no violet and blue in their spectrum, and infrared irradiation creates drawing of colors, their strong heating, the drying of the leaves and use it uselessly consuming electricity.

Such advertised today's special incandescent bulbs in neodymium flasks do not show significant improvement. These include the phyto lamps of Paulmann, OSRAM lamps, etc. Despite their high lighting due to reflecting spraying and a small angle of light, their spectral indicators are practically no different from simple incandescent bulbs.

A little better effect can be achieved while using halogen light bulbs. But, despite the more positive composition of the spectrum and increased light statement, this type of lamps is unlikely to be optimal, since the thread creates a large allocation of thermal energy.

Maintain an attractive type of colors and grow seedlings using backlight white luminescent lampsThey create cold light (their spectrum is as close as possible to the solar spectrum). Since these lamps are not very powerful, they are installed simultaneously several pieces into special reflectors, reinforcing the flow of light and do not allow flickering lighting to penetrate the room.

As a rule, their disadvantages are reduced to elevated light stream (for sufficient light it takes a lot of lamps) and to the quality of the lighting created. Daylight lamps have a lot of blue in their spectrum, therefore they need to be installed only in combination with the rest.

The purpose of luminescent lamps is the backlight of the shelves with flowers, plant lighting on the window. It is almost impossible to fully raise under fluorescent light bulbs. Flowers are almost impossible.

Phyto-luminescent lamps In the form of tubes, actually effective in the process of photosynthesis, economical, create uniform light on the surface and are slightly heated during operation, it makes it possible to install them close to colors. But their pinkish backlight is unnatural for people, annoying mucous membranes and significantly changes the visual perception of decorative color.

Fito-lamps with several peaks of light radiation in a blue and red spectrum, are specifically made for flowers, they are also perfect for young shoots and essential seedlings. You can choose phytolamblu with a more natural light, but the effectiveness of these lamps is slightly lower, due to radiation in an unused spectrum by plants - green, which, while, can be compensated by the addition of powerful lamps.

Sodium metallo halogen and mercury lamps - This is the so-called gas-discharge light bulbs. Their main purpose is to create a powerful light flux. So, they are best suited for highlighting greenhouses, winter gardens, large-sized single colors, plants that are strongly demanding to light. About the ability to install data of lamps in apartments speak with caution - such lamps are quite expensive, use a large number of Electricity and significantly heated, many work in an ultraviolet spectrum, which is dangerous for sight.

Height and options for installing lamps above room flowers

The best location of the lamps is achieved with the condition that the lighting will fall on the flowers from above.

Highly highly lamps In order to highlight the maximum number of plants, as a result, nothing is highlighted, since the illumination is reduced in proportion to the distance, for example, by setting the height of the lighting from 25 cm. To the meter, the lighting will decrease 30 times. The optimal height for light-chapter colors is the position of the lamp (luminescent) approximately 17-22 cm.

The most economical option is to make the direction of light flow perpendicular to the plant, that is, install the lamp right above the colors, and equip the light source reflector. You can purchase ready-made reflectors in aquarium stores. With the help of the reflector, you can remove the feeling of discomfort if the light falls into the eyes, but the most important thing is to send almost losses the bulk of the lighting flow, which is often spent in good. The phyto lamps have a full-fledged, as required by the color of the spectrum of the rays and therefore create a light that annoys the sight of a person. It is for this reason that for phyto lamps especially need reflectors.

It is advisable to suspend the light bulb above the colors: when the plant is illuminated, the plants grow, stretching out to the light source. If the flowers are highlighted only with artificial lighting, then the lamps need to work no less than 12 hours daily. If artificial light is used as an additional, for example, in winter, it is enough for 4-6 hours.

The height of the installation of the lamps is best made adjustable, in order to discovery burns on colors, it was possible to change the height of the lamps. High stems and pale color say that the lighting source is pretty high. The smallest flower distance to the incandescent bulb 35cm, to the luminescent 7cm, sodium half meter.

How to calculate the number of fluorescent lamps?

Calculation of illumination power And the choice of the type of light bulbs will fully depend on the need of indoor colors in the lighting. All flowers according to the need for backlight can be divided into:

• shape;
• loving moderate backlight - tropical plants;
• light-loving - plants whose homeland is large solariespace.

Lighting power It is necessary to select in proportion: 1 dm. sq. The flower area should be:

• more than 2.5 W for light-chapter;
• 1.5-2.5 W - for loving moderate backlight;
• 0.50-1.5 W - for shapes.

According to the degree of lighting 1 watt, the power of the fluorescent bulb creates 70 lm, the incandescent bulb is 4 times less. Taking into account this size, you can count the amount and power of the flower bulbs. For example, the size of the windowsill, where there are plants, is equal to 100 dm. sq. Thus, the following total capacity of lamps will be needed:

• 2.5W x 100 dm. sq. \u003d 250W.

It will be necessary to approximately 2-3 light bulbs with a capacity of 70 W. It must be said that this calculation is approximate and considered only a guideline in choosing their quantity. Use preferably powerful and oblong lamps, as they have a high light output. Speaking otherwise, two lamps 34W are better than four to 17W.

Summing up, it must be said that the duration of artificial lighting will depend directly from natural. As a rule, it is a couple of sutra hours and a few night. That is, the lamps will be included in the morning, until the time you need to go to work, and in the evening until time before bedtime.

But, in general, this time is obliged to compile approximately 5-7 hours. In cloudy weather up to 10 hours. If the day is sunny, grabs and 4 hours. In addition, it is proved that the backlight does not show a positive effect when it is irregular, because, including lamps only "when remember", you only harm room colors by knocking them biorhythms.

So that the plant has developed well, it blooms abundantly, it needs to receive a sufficient amount of sunlight. This is necessary for the natural process of photosynthesis when plants synthesize carbohydrates involved in the process of their development and growth. IN summer timeWhen home plants receive a sufficient amount of sunlight, the question of an additional lighting source is not worth it. But with the onset of winter, the problem becomes relevant.

Many, especially novice flower, try to highlight their green fans with ordinary lamps. But it almost does not help. The leaves remain pale, stems thin, the plants are bad and little bloom. And this is understandable, because artificial lighting cannot completely replace sunlight. Especially if you have a plants with conventional lamps.

Lamps they need special. About which lamps are better for plants to grow round year, We will talk to you today. But before you choose a lamp, let's find out what lighting is necessary for plants in winter:

What lighting is needed by plants?

In the period of late autumn, in winter and early spring, when decorative plants do not receive a sufficient amount of sunlight, electrical lighting comes to the rescue. With the help of additional light of their foliage becomes greener, brighter. And abundant lush flowering continues for a longer.

To successfully grow plants all year round, you need to purchase a special lighting installation in a specialized store. Their choice is quite wide. Trade offers a variety of lamps lamps (suspended, wall-mounted standards, attached on clothespins and velcro).

But you need to know that you need to freely not from time to time, but regularly. If you include lighting periodically, you can only harm plants, as their biorhythms are knocked down.

Sine-purple and orange-red rays are considered the most useful for them. The first contribute to the strengthening of vegetative growth. The second accelerate their development. When choosing a lamp, take into account the fact that the lamp emitted by the lamp of the red light should be a couple of times greater than the energy of the blue light.

Install the lamp on top to cover the entire area on which homemade green plantings are located. But at the same time, make sure that the lamps do not block the leaves from the source of natural lighting. If there is no other exit, you can put the lamp on the side, but then place them exactly from both sides. Remember that plants stretch to the light source, and therefore unilateral lighting can grow unevenly.

What lamps are better for plants?

Before choosing a lamp, remember that all these devices have their advantages and their drawbacks. Let's briefly consider them:

Luminescent lamps are excellent sources of artificial light. Well, evenly illuminate the entire surface, are not very heated (40-45 ° C). Therefore, they can be placed in close proximity to flower Gorshkov.

Daylight lamps have a spectrum with a predominance of blue. Therefore, it is better to use them in combination with incandescent lamps.

Some flower products are buying aquarium lamp to illuminate. But immediately I want to warn that it will not be a sense of them, since they are not suitable for potted plants.

Incandescent lamps are better to use together with luminescent, since they do not have in their spectrum (unlike luminescent) blue-purple component.

The most suitable for green plantings are special phyto lamps. They have the most suitable emission spectrum for them - the maximum of blue and red. Although the light output of the phyto lamps is slightly lower than the luminaires of white and daylight lights.

What to choose in the store?

Phyto lamps Paulmann © (power 40, 60 and 100 W). They are very convenient to use, as they have a conventional base and are screwed into an ordinary cartridge. Their glass is covered with a special layer that does not allow to overheat the leaves of plants.

Luminescent phytolampa Flora-Glo, manufactured by Hagen. They glow soft, gently pink light. Just just two such lamps to provide necessary lighting Plants and grow them all year round.

If there are no necessary phyto-lamps on sale, you can use conventional lamps sold in stores, namely:

Gas discharge lamps that have a high, intense light stream. Due to the mixtures of gases that fill the flask, color variation and the radiation flux occurs. From their diversity, for better growth, development all year round, choose luminescent, mercury. Metallogenic, high pressure sodium lamps.

Fluorescent lamps can also be used in the absence of a phyto lamp. They cost inexpensively, besides, they can be used in other domestic purposes. But they have a very small light stream, the lack of the desired spectrum and it is not enough for photosynthesis. Therefore, there will be better for the development of plants if you use several of these lamps to light up. Good luck to you, expensive flowerflowers!