Every year, sex infections produce immunity to antibiotics, so successful treatment is impossible without a comprehensive and individual approach. When suspected of a disease, contact the gynecologist.

Types of STD

STDs are classified depending on the causative agent. Total distinguished 5 types of diseases:

The path of infection with STDs is predominantly sex. But most of them can be infected with most of them not only later sexual contact. Sexual diseases can also be transmitted through blood (for example, through an injection syringe or when overflowing), from mother to child during childbirth or through breast milk.

There are cases of infection of STDs by the household - due to the overall use of personal hygiene or visits to public areas (saunas, baths, pools, etc.).

But the most common cause of infection is unprotected sexual contact. If it occurs with the carrier of the disease without the use of barrier contraceptives, the probability of infection is almost 100%.

The mucosa of human genital organs is a favorable habitat for a variety of microorganisms. First of all, they are attracted increased humidity and comfortable temperature. Initially, the female vagina is populated with a healthy microflora. At the same time, its pH level (acid-alkaline balance) ranges from 3.8 to 4.5.

Infections that fall on the mucous membranes during unprotected sexual contact are fixed on their surface. Then they begin to multiply rapidly, gradually pushing a healthy microflora. The disease leads to a change in the pH level on anterorable or alkaline (depending on the causative agent). As a result, a concomitant infection is attached to the main disease. Most often it is colpits, inflammatory processes of small pelvic organs, cervical erosion, bacterial vaginosis, fungal infection, prostatitis.

The absence of timely treatment leads to complications - the diseases are moving from an acute chronic shape that it is much more difficult to cure. Among the most negative consequences - Male and female infertility, premature childbirth, fading pregnancy, the development of intrauterine pathologies of the fetus.

Symptoms

The band STPP has dozens various diseases. Each of them is caused by certain pathogens and is accompanied by separate symptoms. But there are a number of common symptoms and signs that accompany most sexual diseases. Among them:

• modified separation from genitals;
• increasing the number of secretions;
• rashes in the field of genital organs, etc.

Here we will consider the most common STDs, which can become infected with every person living in sexual life. When any of them is detected, it is necessary to urgently contact a specialist: a gynecologist, urologist or venereologist.

Syphilis -one of the most ancient sexually transmitted diseases, its pathogen is pale spirochete. Three stages of syphilis are distinguished, and each of them accompany their symptoms. The infection can be in the body for a long time (sometimes for several years) and not to appear externally.

One of the first symptoms of the disease is the appearance of solid Shankra. It occurs in the field of genital organs or anal hole. Less likely - on your fingers. Over time, the rashes are distributed throughout the body. The patient is worried about the lubricants in the bones, fever, headache. In the later stages vision worsens, weakness appears, immunity decreases. In the absence of treatment, syphilis leads to the defeat of all organs and systems.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) - The most dangerous STD, which in the absence of antiretroviral therapy can grow into AIDS. The incubation period is from 1 to 6 months (most often - 3 months). Among the first symptoms of the disease - the acute districts, an increase and inflammation of cervical lymph nodes, long-term subfebrile body temperature.

Chlamydia -the first symptoms appear in about a week after infection. In contaminated men and women observed mucous discharge from genitals, cutting pain when urination and unpleasant sensations during intercourse. Often, infected women have intermented bleeding and pain in the field of organs of a small pelvis.

Genital herpes - Infective STD, which causes a first herpes virus of the first or second type. In the primary infection can be asymptomatic. After infection, the virus remains forever in the human body and from time to time appears externally. A characteristic symptom of the disease - rash in the form of small bubbles on the genitals and in the anus area.

They are accompanied by itching, discomfort and burning in urination. After a few days, bubbles turn into ulcers and covered with a crust. Weakness is observed, an increase in body temperature and increasing inguinal lymph nodes. The herpes virus presents a special danger to pregnant women and requires urgent treatment.

Gonorrhea - A classic venereal disease that belongs to the STD. His pathogen - Gonokokk - striking the urethra, neck of the uterus, the organs of the small pelvis, the rectum, a throat and even eyes. The incubation period is several days. The disease is manifested by sharp symptoms - patients are bothering purulent discharge from genitals, pain at the bottom of the abdomen, burning in urination and discomfort during sex.

Women have bleeding after sexual contact. With the defeat of the rectum of gonorrhea causes localized pain and excretion from anus. Among the complications of a gonorrhea are inflammatory diseases of the organs of small pelvis, eggs and prostate glands, male and female infertility, interruption of pregnancy. In the chronic course of the disease, all organs and systems of the body are affected.

The first symptoms appear in a day. The patient is bothering itching in the field of hairpots, peeling, dermatitis, papules and ulcers arise. In the absence of treatment, lice can spread throughout the body, causing concomitant diseases.

Trichomoniaz - One of the most common STDs in the world. Caused by trichomonas. The incubation period ranges from 7 to 28 days. In women, the disease is manifested more clearly - men can pass asymptomatic. Patients have mucous yellowish discharge from the genital organs (as a rule, with unpleasant odor), Pain with sexual intercourse, itching when urination.

With the defeat of the prostate gland, men arises prostatitis. Trichomoniasis is especially dangerous for pregnant women - it can cause premature childbirth and other complications.

Diagnostics

In most cases, in the diagnosis of STDs, an integrated approach is required. It involves several research methods that allow you to make a diagnosis with accuracy and make the most effective treatment scheme.

Today for the diagnosis of STDs are used next species Research:

• bacterioscopic (smear per flora);
• bacteriological (culture sowing);
• DNA diagnostics;
• immunodiagnostics.

The choice of a specific study depends on the disease that is suspected of a patient. Only a specialist may assign analyzes after an individual inspection and study of anamnesis.

Bacterioscopic examination is an indispensable part of the planned examination of the gynecologist or urologist. It allows you to reveal such diseases as bacterial vaginosis, mycoses, trichomoniasis, as well as detect inflammatory processes.

To diagnose viral diseases (syphilis, chlamydia, etc.) uses immunodiagnosis (IFA-immunoimenal analysis). Immunodiagnosis allows you to identify specific antibodies to the causative agent of one or another disease. Thanks to the body's immune response, doctors can determine the accurate diagnosis.

The most reliable is the DNA diagnosis by PCR. It allows you to detect the causative agent even with its extremely low concentration in the material under study. Among the advantages of this method - efficiency. Analysis results can be obtained on the same day.

Material for laboratory research may be:

• blood;
• saliva;
• vaginal secret;
• sperm;
• urine;
• scuffle with mucousse.

Treatment

Treatment of STDs may include the following types of therapy:

• vitamin therapy;
• antibacterial;
• antiviral;
• immunostimulating;
• physiotherapy.

The diagram of the treatment of STDs is selected individually. The doctor takes into account not only the type of disease, but also half a patient, his age, the history of diseases, as well as the susceptibility of his body to medicines. Today there are over three dozen causative agents of the STD. Every year they produce immunity to certain types of antibiotics.

This factor may complicate the treatment of patients who have previously passed antibacterial therapy. In such cases, even the highest quality medicines may be ineffective. Because of this, each patient, in addition to the basic analysis, must undergo a study of the flora on the sensitivity to antibiotics.

If a few years ago, the treatment of STPP antibiotics lasted about a month, then modern medicines are able to save the body from the disease in 5-7 days. The duration of the course varies from the stage and shape of the disease, the presence of complications and related diseases. Treatment of chronic STDs last an average of 21 days.

For the treatment of viral STDs (genital herpes, human papillomavirus virus, etc.) applies antiviral therapy. For the treatment of HIV infection, a special type of treatment is applied - antiretroviral therapy.

To strengthen the immunity, doctors prescribe a taking complexes of vitamins and trace elements. In some cases, immunostimulants may be shown in some cases.

Full curing STDs can be achieved only with the help of an integrated approach. As a rule, sexual diseases require both systemic and local use of drugs - in addition to oral medications, ointment, creams, vaginal pills and douching are prescribed.

In the XIX century, the doctors knew only two diseases transmitted by sexual path: syphilis and gonorrhea. They were romantically called venereal, named Antique Goddess of Love Venus. Today, to recount all the diseases that the sexual partner (or partner) can be awarded, do not have enough fingers on their hands and legs. For them, doctors even came up with a special term "STI" (or STD), which means infections (diseases) transmitted by sexually.

What is important to know about STD?

• absolutely safe sex is the lack of sex in general or self-satisfaction;
• safe - with a constant, reliable sexual partner;
• relatively safe - using a condom;
• dangerous - with a random partner without any protection.

The STIs refer not only to all sexual infections that are caused by microbes, pathogenicities in essence. This group includes those diseases, the reason for which conditionally pathogenic, initially harmless microorganisms. When the human body controls their livelihoods, they behave calmly, but as soon as any problems arise (for example, immunity falls) - microbes are activated, they begin to multiply and spoil their lives.

Semi infections are usually infected during sexual intercourse. And there is no difference, what was the contact: genital, anal or oral. For the transmission of infection, it is enough that the microorganism hit the mucous membrane (vagina, mouth or rectum).

Failure to follow the rules of intimate security and methods for preventing sex infections, random sexual bonds without a condom or other protection (paste or candles) - direct path to the STD.

How to recognize?

After the fleeting resort novel or a pleasantly spent night with a new acquaintance (familiar), it is advisable in a couple of weeks to visit a venereologist (gynecologist or urologist), or at least pay attention to the following suspicious signs.

• Unusual separation from genitals.
• Itching and burning in outdoor genital organs.
• Student or painful urination.
• Discomfort in the lower stomach departments.
• Pain with sexual intercourse.
• The appearance on the skin or on the mucous membranes of stains, ulcers, bubbles.
• Increased lymph nodes.

Sex infections are dangerous by their complications: inflammatory diseases of various internal organs, infertility, cancer, etc.

Put an accurate diagnosis and identify the cause of the disease can only an experienced doctor. In addition to inspection, you will have to hold several studies on infections: take a vaginal smear (smear from the urethra), make bacteriological sowing, pass the blood for HIV and RW (syphilis analysis), will not be extension and PCR analysis.

Not every person without medical education He knows what diseases are included in the STD group, which is what it is and how to treat patients. This is a large group of infections that have a common transmission path - sexual. Pretty young people are sick. STIs represent a greater social and medical problem, as the pathogen can be easily transmitted with sexual relations.

STIs in women and men are different in etiology and clinical manifestations of the disease, frequent by infection of which is sexual. Separately isolated venereal pathology. It includes syphilis (primary, secondary, tertiary and congenital), Donovanoz, soft chance, gonorrhea. For them, sexual way of transmitting the pathogen is the main one.

Do not everyone know, what threat represent the STIs, what it is and is it possible to get rid of them. The most dangerous are diseases such as HIV infection, viral hepatitis B and syphilis. Some of the disease are incurable. Patients need to take medicines throughout life. Venericual diseases are common everywhere. This problem is studied by the following sections of medicine: gynecology, epidemiology, infectious diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases include hepatitis B. This is a viral pathology characterized by lesion of the liver. The source of infection is a sick person or carrier. Hepatitis B virus is infected with more than 350 million people all over the world. Every year, this pathology becomes the cause of 250 thousand deaths. In Russia, the number of patients is constantly growing.

The disease occurs in acute or chronic form. Select the following mechanisms for infection:

• contact (sex);
• hemocontact (injection, hemotransfusion);
• vertical.

The disease is often developing with sexual relations with an infected person. Is due to the fact that the virus in large quantities accumulates in seed fluid and vaginal secrecy. The risk group includes teenagers and young people under 30 years old who lead an active sex life. The predisposing factors include a frequent change of sexual partners. The most dangerous unprotected anal and vaginal contacts. The risk of infection rises with non-traditional sex.

The manifestations of the STD are different. Acute viral hepatitis B is manifested by headache, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, general malaise, loss of appetite, rash, fever. Bleeding often occur. With this form, the STDs are observed catarrhal symptoms in the form of a cold and cough. Acute viral hepatitis B for its flow resembles ARVI. The chronic form of the disease is manifested by weakness, drowsiness, vomiting, nausea, bloating, jaundice.

Sex infections include HIV. This is a disease caused by a human immunodeficiency virus. Gradually, it leads to the syndrome of the acquired immunodeficiency. In Russia every day more than 100 new cases of this form of STIs are detected. There are many children among patients. Sometimes the disease is stretched for many years. For today, the virus caused a real pandemic worldwide.

The incidence rate exceeds 100 cases per 100,000 people. The greatest danger in terms of the spread of infection is the following biological fluids:

1. sperm;
2. the secret of vaginal glands;
3. blood;
4. menstrual selection.

The probability of becoming significantly higher with regular unprotected contacts with patients. Sexual path is the most common. If a person has concomitant inflammatory diseases (prostatitis, epidididimitis, urethritis), then the probability of infection increases. The risk group includes homosexuals, commercial workers (prostitutes) and their customers, as well as people with several sexual partners.

The incubation period of the STD is different. With HIV infection, it is up to 3 months. The second stage is characterized by pain in the throat, fever, an increase in lymph nodes, a decrease in body weight, drowsiness, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, a rich on the body. Secondary diseases are often developing in the form of angina, mikosa and pneumonia. Signs of STDs in the latent stage are weakly expressed. It lasts up to 6-7 years. At the next stage, opportunistic infections are developing (sarcoma capsis, candidiasis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, leukoplakia).

The group of STDs in women and men belongs to Gonorrhea. This is a venereal infection caused by bacteria. The causative agent is Gonokokk. This form STDs in women and men leads to the defeat of the mucous membranes of the urinary organs (urethra, vagina, uterus, bladder, prostate), rectum, oral cavity and eyes.

Sexual method of transmitting microbes is leading with gonor. Infection occurs during genital, anal and oral contacts. Allocate the following types of gonorrhea:

• urinary organs;
• joint
• anorectal;
• eye;
• gonococcal pharyngitis.

The disease occurs at any age. The feature of infection is that men risk becoming much smaller. Incubation period of venereal diseases is different. With gonorly, it ranges from 1 day to month. This disease is manifested by pain at the bottom of the abdomen, a sharp or burning during mixing, rapid urination, pathological discharges.

Gonorrhea is often combined with other STIs. Thousands of women are infected with chlamydia. These microbes cause urethritis, prostatitis, cervicitis, cystitis and vulvovaginitis. This form of STDs in girls is detected much more often than in men. In the absence of treatment, chlamydia can cause infertility and impotence. The risk factors include unprotected contacts and early start of sexual life.

Each year is diagnosed more than 100 million new cases of this sex infection. Chlamydia is manifested by mucous discharges of yellowish color, itching, burning, stomach pain. The incubation period is from 1 to 2 weeks.

In the STI group, the list of diseases includes syphilis. It is caused by pale trone. This is a venereal disease. It is characterized by a long and wave flow. Sexual path of infection is detected in 95-98% of cases of the development of this pathology.

Sometimes it is possible to infection in a residential way. The incubation period is on average equal to 3-4 weeks. The primary form of this pathology is characterized by the formation of solid Shankra (painless ulcers) on the body and an increase in lymph nodes. With secondary syphilis, bones, joints, hearing and vision organs and CNS are involved in the process. On the skin and mucous membranes appear. In tertiary form, a variety of diseases are developing (gastritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, aortitis, meningitis). Bugger and gum are formed on the skin.

Experienced doctors know what STIs is, and the fact that scabies are included in the list of disease. This disease is caused by microscopic ticks. Men who come into sex with infected women are more often infected. Often, other parts of the body are involved in the process. The main symptoms are skin itching and rash.

In the presence of STI symptoms allow the doctor to put only a preliminary diagnosis. It requires the following studies to confirm it:

• general urine analysis;
• biochemical study;
• general blood analysis;
• study of smears from the urethra, cervix and vagina;
• Uzi small pelvis organs;
• bacteriological research;
• PCR or IFA;
• determination of the Vasserman reaction (if syphilis suspected);
• gynecological examination;
• colposcopy;
• urethroscopy;
• tomography.

The smear on the STIs allows you to identify the causative agent of infection. This is important for subsequent etiotropic treatment. STI examination is carried out not only in relation to the patient, but also its sexual partners. The doctor must exclude other diseases. For this, the condition of the genital organs (uterus, prostate gland, bladder, vagina) is estimated.

Not every person knows how to take a stroke of urethra, vagina and cervix. To analyze the STIs give reliable results, some preparation is required. Women need to refrain from sex contacts within a few days. The material fence is carried out with a gynecological examination with a special spatula or tampon.

In men, the material must be taken only from the urethra. This uses a disposable applicator or a spoon. Before the procedure, at least 2 days should be refrained from sex. Before taking a smear of 2 hours it is impossible to urinate. It is necessary to preserve the surface epithelium. Examination on the STD should be complex.

After the blood test was taken on the STI and the smear was examined, the diagnosis is made. Treatment depends on the underlying disease. In bacterial etiology, antibiotics are applied. Treatment of STIs in the absence of complications can be carried out in an outpatient basis. During syphilis, medications are prescribed from the penicillin group. With their intolerance, other antibiotics are used (macrolides, cephalosporins).

If the STI examination revealed HIV infection, then drugs such as Ritonavir, Invirase, Viramun, Combijer, Zerit, Hivid, Retrovir are prescribed. They apply for many years. If in the process of research on the STI analysis revealed gonorrhea, antibiotics and local antiseptics are prescribed. During pregnancy, sulfonamides and tetracycles are not used.

It is necessary to know not only how to pass tests on the STI with suspected groin lymphogranulomatosis, but also to treat it. With this pathology, tetracycles (doxycycline), fluoroquinolones or macrolides are used. Immunomodulators are assigned. In severe cases, operation is required. Treatment of hepatitis B includes compliance with diet No. 5, the reception of antiviral drugs (ribavirin), interferon and compliance with the beddown. Complex, spasmolitics and corticosteroids are often used.

Thus, to prevent the distribution of STIs, it is necessary to exclude accidental ties, raise immunity and have 1 sexual partner.

Diseases that are transferred sexuallyDistributed to date is especially wide. In this case, the existing medical statistics testifies only to official data. After all, quite often a person is in no hurry to contact medical institutions, as it may be simply not to know about the existence of some diseases that are transmitted by sexually. Often trichomonoz , gardnerlenez develop in women without pronounced symptoms.

A number of venereal diseases are dangerous due to the existence of the probability of intrauterine transmission of the fetus infection. In addition, such an infection can also be transmitted with saliva, maternal milk, in the process of blood transfusion.

The distribution of sexually transmitted infections

Viral infections are the following viruses: simple herpes virus , aIDS virus , hepatitis B virus , .

You can get infected with such an infection not only in the process of genital sexual intercourse, but also with oral or anal sex. Depending on the disease before the first signs of the disease passes from three days to two weeks.

Causes of infections

We undenify the fact that sexually transmitted diseases are, above all, the consequences of too low sexual culture of people. In particular, we are talking about inadvertent sexual relations, numerous sexual partners, as well as ignoring diagnostics after random and risky sex contacts.

No less important condition To prevent the proliferation of STIs, the need is necessary to be examined and man who suspects the development of such alend, and its sexual partner.

Symptoms

Speaking about the symptoms and signs of such diseases, it should be noted that quite often the patients do not feel changes in their own state, or signs are very weakly expressed. But in this case we are talking about the so-called low-impact and asymptomatic forms of such ailments.

The main STI symptoms are directly dependent on what kind of causative agent hit the human body, as well as from the state of its body as a whole.

However, in most cases after it ends , sexually transmitted diseases manifest themselves near similar signs. The patient appears from the genital organs, which over time are becoming increasingly intense. The sensation of itching and burning in the field of genital organs is gradually growing, and spots or small ulcers may appear on the skin in the field of genitals. In the process of an act of urination, either during sexual contact infected person sometimes feels pain. In addition, it may noticeably increase.

Complications of sexually transmitted infections

If the treatment of the disease will not be carried out in a timely manner, then sexually transmitted infections can provoke not only symptoms that relate to the state of the genitals, but also the overall defeat of the body. One of the serious complications, with the time arising from the development of STIs, is.

The flow of infections on ascending (and this is invariably occur, if timely therapy has not been provided), leads to the development of inflammatory processes of the urogenital system. When progressing ureoplasmosis and chlamydiosis In men sometimes develops, and women with such ailments are as a result inflammation of the uterus and appendages . In addition, the development of venereal diseases leads to a strong reduction in humans and, as a result, such negative changes may arise diseases of the internal organs of a person.

Sexually transmitted infections and female health

Very negative, such infections affect the body's body. Unpleasant consequences may take place in relation to the reproductive ability of a young woman. In addition, the STIs can be transferred from mom and baby. In women who suffered some inflammatory diseases that arose as a result of sex infections, much more often develops. Some types of papilloma virus rapidly increase the risk of a woman's oncology.

When pregnancy in women, patients with syphilis, about 40% of cases, pregnancy ends with the birth of a dead child. Approximately the same situation is repeated in pregnant women with gonococcal infection . Children who were born in mothers with untreated chlamydial infection and Gonorona , very often immediately after birth, suffer from a serious eye infection (the so-called Blennory of newborns). In the absence of treatment, the child burns completely blind.

Diagnosis of venereal infections

To properly establish a diagnosis in the case of suspected of the STI, the patient must necessarily undergo complete laboratory testing. But due to the availability of the possibility of diagnosing, using a syndromic approach, doctors pay special attention to the existing symptoms. Certain sex infections have clear signs that are easy to recognize. The syndromic approach to the diagnosis of diseases that are transmitted by sexually is based on the application of specially developed schemes that specialists are used to form a diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Consequently, this diagnosis will be more accurate.

But the most an important point In the process of diagnosing such diseases, it is still timely appealing for help. If the disease is detected as early as possible, then thanks to the correct therapy, heavy consequences can be avoided completely.

When any signs or symptoms appear, the patient should not be guided by the hope that they will disappear independently or experience fears or awkwardness. The missed time can become decisive, and as a result, the disease will go into a chronic shape, and to cure it completely more complicated.

Hidden sex infections

The so-called broken sex infections are transmitted to a person also in the process of sexual contact. However, such infections are more difficult to diagnose and treatment.

Among the most common STIs of this type should be noted chlamydia . This ailment manifests itself as the consequence of infection of the human body with chlamydia. These organisms are considered intermediate between bacteria and viruses. Infection occurs when sexual communications, however, in rare cases, the infection can be transmitted when visiting the sauna or pool, air-droplet, as well as in other ways. To determine the presence of this pathogen in the body, a person should undergo a special study using the DNA diagnostic method.

In most cases, this ailment passes without expressed symptoms. However, in men against the background of chlamydia, inflammatory diseases of the urogenital system are also developing. In addition, today it has already been proven that chlamydia may damage the genetic structure of spermatozoa. At the same time, chlamydia can fall into a female organism with spermatozoa. Under the influence of chlamydia, women can also develop inflammatory diseases. In addition, it is quite possible Outwasiness of uterine pipes What threatens infertility and unbearable in the future.

In addition, chlamydia can have a negative impact on other organism systems, in particular, on the cardiovascular. In the process of treating the disease, it is very important that the sexual partner of the patient also passed the analysis of a sex infection and received adequate treatment. It must be done even those who have no visible signs of chlamydia.

Another widespread infection of this type is papilloma virus man. There are about seven dozen different types Papillomavirusov. At the same time, their clinical manifestations are invisible for a very long time. The consequence of Papillomavirus infection is the appearance of papillomas and pointed worship on the skin of genitals and other organs. In addition, papillomaviruses can provoke the precancerine changes in the cervix. The transmission of the virus occurs during intercourse, in everyday life, as well as when the newborn pass through the generic paths.

Other common infections that are transferred sexually

Very often modern doctors are diagnosed in patients. gonorona . With this infectious disease, mucous membranes of different organs are affected. Gonorrhea causes gonokokk which most often enters the body with a variety of genital contacts. Much less often, man is infected in everyday life, through household items. The child is infected from the patient of the mother when passing through the birth path.

For syphilis The patient is affected not only the mucous membranes, but also the skin, internal organs, nervous system, bones, joints. The causative agent of this dangerous illness - pale treponema . The transmission of it most often happens in sexual path, much less often - in everyday life. The treatment of syphilis is based on the proper selection of antibiotics, the treatment of those infections that develop in parallel, as well as on overall strengthening therapy.

Trichomoniasis is very dangerous for future mothers, since with such a disease it is possible to break the oil-cooled shells and miscarriages. For the disease, it is characterized by the appearance of itching in the field of genital organs, intensive discharge.

Virus hepatitis B. human affects due to transmission during a variety of sexual contacts, as well as as a result of the joint use of needles for injection intravenously. The intrauterine method of transmitting the virus is also relevant.

Acute hepatitis is manifested by a strong, nausea, rash on the skin. The patient hurts belly and head. Sometimes the symptoms are especially sharp: a strong itching of the skin, jaundice ,. Approximately ten percent of cases hepatitis B acquires a chronic form for which the development of inflammatory processes in the liver is characteristic. In turn, it is fraught with development in the future. cancer liver What threatens with a fatal outcome. Disease can be fully cured if it is diagnosed in time and strictly follow the prescribed treatment scheme.

Prevention

Most effective method The prevention of the STIs is taken to consider complete abstinence from sexual life or sexual relationship with only one uninfected partner. It is important to completely eliminate any sexual contact with people infected with STIs.

Some sexually transmitted infections can be prevented correctly using condoms with sexual contacts. It is necessary to use a condom with all types of sexual contacts, while it is important to ensure that the protection means is high-quality and applied correctly.

After unprotected sexual contact, some prevention measures should be applied, which to some extent reduce the risk of developing the disease. Fit organs can be thoroughly rinsed with solutions chlorgixedin either. However, such a method of prevention is appropriate only in the first hours after contact.

In addition, when contacting a dermatovenerologist's doctor, the patient may get the injection of a special preparation with antibacterial effect, which can prevent the development of a number of venereal ailments. Such prevention is possible in the first days after risky contact. However, it is important to consider that this measure can be applied only in the most emergency cases.

The topic is very prosaic - sexually transmitted diseases (STD). IN last years Indicators of infection by venereological diseases are growing steadily. Unfortunately, this applies primarily to adolescents, which is due to the lack of proper sex education in schools and families. Statistics argue that the STD is sick every 10 person on our planet, without excluding children and people of old age.

In sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is a whole group of infectious diseases with a variety of clinical manifestations combined by sexual transmission and high social hazard. The term appeared in 1980, and by now the STDs are more than 20 types of infections and viruses: From a deadly HIV infection to a banal chlamydia, which, by the way, you can't call trivial too. Especially in the prevalence in Russia, he is in second place after influenza.

By type of pathogen, the STD is divided as follows:

The World Health Organization Classified STDs as follows:

Typical sexually transmitted infections

• gonorrhea;
• syphilis;
• lymphogranulomatosis (groin form);
• shankroid.
• venus granuloma.

Other STD

which are striking predominantly organs of the sexual system:

• urogenital shigelles (found in persons with homosexual sexual contacts);
• trichomoniasis;
• candidal lesions of the genital organs that are manifested by Balanopostites and vulvovaginites;
• mycoplasmosis;
• herpes 2 type;
• gardnerellosis;
• scabies;
• pointed Condylomas;
• chlamydia;
• damplists (pubic pediculosis);
• contaching mollusk.

Which are affordable mainly by other organs and systems:

• sepsis newborns;
• hepatitis B;
• giardia;
• cytomegalovirus;
• AIDS;
• amebiaz (characteristic of persons with homosexual contacts).

Often the STDs proceed asymptomatic and detected only at the stage of development of complications. Therefore, it is very important to pay due attention to their prevention: to use protection tools, avoid random sex contacts, abide by hygiene and twice a year to pass tests towards the gynecologist or urologist.

Of course, most crazy are healing, but not all. For example, with genital herpes, it will never be possible to break up - treatment only mitigates the course of the disease and reduces the frequency and severity of relapses. Forever to get rid of the human papilloma virus (HPV) there are chances of only those younger than 25. Later to destroy the virus will not succeed, the meaning of treatment is to eliminate changes in tissues to which the virus is affected.
By the way, it is believed that the human papilloma virus can provoke cervical cancer, vagina, vulva and penis. Semi-herpes virus affects sperm as well, if they have become infected during pregnancy, it can cause severe congenital fetal diseases.

Note: Almost all viral and bacterial venereal diseases penetrate the placental barrier, that is, they are transmitted to the fetus intrauterine and violate its physiological development. Sometimes the consequences of such infection are manifested only a few years after the child's birth in the form of dysfunction of the heart, liver, kidneys, developmental disorders.

Successful treatment will be only if you start it without finding and bringing to the end. How to notice the very first danger signals?

Anxiety is declared!

There are eight major signs, finding which, you should not pull a visit to the doctor.

1. Itching and burning in the intimate zone.
2. Redness in the field of genital organs and rear passage, sometimes ulcers, bubbles, pimples.
3. Selection of genitals, smell.
4. Frequent, painful urination.
5. An increase in lymph nodes, especially in the groin area.
6. In women - pain at the bottom of the abdomen, in the vagina.
7. Discomfort during sexual intercourse.
8. Muddy urine.

However, for example, syphilis or chlamydia can manifest a few weeks after infection, and sometimes the STD is in general a long time can flow hidden, turning into a chronic form.

Regardless of the presence of unpleasant sensations in the field of genital organs, the prophylactic visit to the doctor is required twice a year, as well as after random sex contact, sexual violence, in case of infidelity of your permanent partner. If you notice any symptoms of the STD, go to the reception on the same day.

Symptoms of venereal diseases in women

The presence of certain SPAP symptoms in women is explained by the peculiarities of their physiology.

The following signs should alert a woman and become a reason for an extraordinary visit to the gynecologist.:

• pain and dryness dryness during sex;
• single or group increase in lymph nodes;
• dysmenorrhea (violation of the normal menstrual cycle);
• pain and excretion from anus;
• itching in the crotch area;
• anus irritation;
• rash on sex lips or around the anus, mouth, on the body;
• ultipical discharge from the vagina (green, foamy, with odor, with blood);
• frequent painful urges for urination;
• steam of vulva.

Venestic diseases in men: symptoms

To suspect the STPP in men by such signs:

• blood in sperm;
• frequent and painful urges for urination;
• subfebrile increase in body temperature (not with all diseases);
• problems with normal ejaculation;
• pain in the scrotum;
• selection of urethra (white, purulent, mucous, with odor);
• the rash of various kinds on the head of a member, the penis itself, around him.

Get acquainted closer

• Chlamydia

Symptoms. After 1-4 weeks after infection, the patients appear purulent discharge, painful urination, as well as pain at the bottom of the abdomen, in the lower back, bleeding between menstruation in women, in men - pain in the scrotum, crotch.

What is dangerous? Women can lead to inflammation of uterine pipes, cervix, pathologies of pregnancy and childbirth, liver diseases, spleen.
In men - to inflammations of the appendages of testicles, prostate gland, bladder, potency violation. Newborn children can develop conjunctivitis, the lesion of the nasopharynx, the inflammation of the lungs.

• Trichomoniaz

Symptoms. They can manifest themselves on the 4-21st day after infection, sometimes later. Women have abundant foamy allocations of white or yellowish-green with a sharp smell, causing a heavy itching and irritation of the genitals, as well as pain, burning in urination, soreness with sexual interchange. In men, there is a burning sensation when urinating, mucous-purulent discharge from the urethra. However, often this disease proceeds asymptomatic.

What is dangerous? Women affect the neck and the inner layer of the uterus, the fallopian tubes, ovarian, urinary tract. Infection can even cause peritonitis!
Men suffer from the prostate gland, testicles and their appendages, urinary ways.

• Mycoplasmosis (in men - ureaplasmosis)

Symptoms. Can detect himself 3 days after infection, and maybe in a month, manifesting itching and discomfort in the field of genitalia, scarce transparent discharge, painful urination.

What is dangerous? Frequent complication in women - inflammation of the genital organs, in men - spermatogenesis.

• Gonorrhea

Symptoms. After 3-7 days after infection, women appear yellowish-greenish discharge from the vagina, rapid, painful, urination, pain at the bottom of the abdomen, sometimes bleeding. However, the majority of representatives of weak gender disease has long flows unnoticed. In men appear pain and burning in urination, yellowish-greenish purulent discharge from ureyeing Canal.

What is dangerous? The women are affected by the urethra, vagina, rear pass, uterus, ovaries, phallopyes pipes. In men - internal genital organs, chronic inflammation of the appendages of eggs, seed bubbles, prostate, which threatens impotence, infertility.

• Syphilis

Symptoms. Incubation period of the disease from 3 to 6 weeks. The first sign is an ulcer of a rounded form (solid Shankr). In women, it lives on the sexual lips or mucosa of the vagina (sometimes in the area of \u200b\u200bthe rear pass, in the mouth, on the lips), in men - on the sexual penis or scrotum. She in itself is painless, but in a week, another after its appearance, the nearest lymph nodes increase.
It is at that time a treatment must begin! This is the first stage of the disease, when still reversible.

After 2-4 months after infection, the second stage is developing - the rash is "bottled" throughout the body, high temperature, headache appear, almost all lymph nodes increase.
In some patients, hair on the head falls out, wide candidates in the genitals are growing and in the rear pass area.

What is dangerous? This disease is called a slow death: if it is unlawful to the end in time, there are serious problems with the musculoskeletal system, irreversible changes in the internal organs, the nervous system begins - the third stage of the disease begins, at which approximately a quarter of the patients dies.

Forget about the Internet!

Noticed something wrong? It is better to restrain and hurry to the doctor, and not to look for symptoms and treatments on the Internet.

How do STD diagnose? First, inspection by a doctor, further - analyzes and research. The most modern DNA diagnostic method: PCR (polymerase chain reaction). For research take scraping from the urethra, vagina and cervical cervix.

Doctors also use the ELISA method (blood is taken from veins or scraping is made and the presence of antibodies to the STD), bacterioscopy (most often reveals the gococcal and trichomonas) and many other diagnostic methods.

Creating STDs with antibacterial drugs, as well as local procedures (washing the urethra in men, the vagina sanation in women and other procedures).
At the end of the course of treatment, it is necessary to undergo a control examination - pass several analyzes to make sure that there is no infection in the body.

What is important to know

• Is it possible to get infected in a bath or pool?

In fact, the probability of catching the crash householdly very low. Microorganisms causing venereal diseases are unstable in the external environment. In the pool, for example, it is almost unrealistic to pick up such an infection (in contrast to fungal or intestinal). Even if in the water next to you will float HIV-infected or sick syphilis, chlorinated water will quickly kill pathogens.

However, in public toilets, if there is not following the surface treatment, there is a risk of infection with the papilloma or herpes virus. But classic venereal diseases - syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea and trichomoniasis - require contact with blood or mucous membranes.
Exception - Syphilis: It can be transmitted through saliva, if you use one kitchenware with sick and badly wash it. So, in any case, you should not forget about the rules of hygiene.

Keep in mind: For a short time, microorganisms causing "bad" infections can maintain viability on warm wet things. Therefore, in the bath or pool (and at home too) do not use a stranger wet towel, washcloth or other personal hygiene objects.

• Symptoms of sexual illness appear immediately?

Not always. With a good immunity, the disease (for example, chlamydia) can flow without symptoms. A person may not even know what is sick. And the only way to identify such a hidden infection is laboratory tests.

The first signs of infection in women are unusual discharge from the vagina. In men - urethritis (inflammation of the urethra). His symptoms - impaired urination and purulent discharge. All other symptoms (rash, increasing lymph nodes, etc.) appear when the infection has already spread in the body.

• Condom - reliable protection from STD?

Yes. If he is high-quality, with a non-delicious expiration date, properly selected in size and is properly used, the risk of infection by a majority STD is reduced to zero.
Exception - external catelimates and severe herpes infection.

By the way, a spermicidal grease with nonoxynol-9, which condoms are processed, according to WHO report from 2001, does not protect against the STD. The damage of cell membranes, nonoxynol-9 does not spare neither spermatozoa, nor infection, nor mucous membranes of the genital organs. Hurting the mucous membrane and cervix, Nonoxinol-9 "opens the gate" infections.

Despite the fact that a condom is not the perfect means of protection against STDs, it is considered the most effective. Therefore, it is necessary to use condoms with all types of sex: vaginal, anal and oral.
In order not to raise the risks, condoms should be purchased only in solid pharmacies. In order not to damage the condom, do not open the packaging with a saw or nails.

It must be remembered: a condom can be used only with special lubricants. Conventional creams and ointments are not suitable for this.
Common error - use with a condom of contraceptive candles, vaginal tablets or spermicidal creams. Gynecologists warn that these funds violate the vagina microflora and provoke the development of candidiasis (thrush). Thus, instead of getting rid of problems, you can purchase them.

If you want to protect yourself as much as possible, it is enough to use a condom and abide by personal hygiene measures. High degree of protection and almost complete absence of side effects is an unambiguous plus of condoms. However, it should be remembered that the condom can be broken, and in this case, there should be a means of emergency prevention at hand.

Emergency medical prevention is used - one-time reception or injection of antibacterial drugs that only a dermatovenerologist can be assigned. The procedure prevents gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, syphilis and trichomoniasis. But it is impossible to resort often to this method.

But you should not count on various gels, candles and vaginal tablets in terms of protection against the STPP. These tools contain spermicidal substances in insufficient quantities to protect at least 80-90%. In addition, the pathogens of many STDs live not in the seed fluid, but in the genitals and to spermicides are insensitive.
Also concerns scriptures after sexual intercourse with special gels or chlorine-containing antiseptics.

Remember!
Sexually transmitted diseases are dangerous, first of all, complications: infertility, impotence, chronic inflammatory processes, lesions nervous system and internal organs. Incorrect treatment, ignoring symptoms, neglect of prevention tools can adversely affect your health.

What can be taken in an emergency?

So what to do after unprotected sexual intercourse, if you do not have confidence in your partner's health?

• Perious to urinate.
• Wash your hands and external genitals with soap.
• Process genital organs, pubes and thighs by antiseptic (Miramistin, chlorhexidine and others). This technique helps to reduce the risk of STD 80-90%. But not 100%. So the best prevention is a condom and common sense.
• If there is no possibility in the next 24 hours to visit the doctor, take the "shock" dose of antibiotics.
• To consult a doctor as soon as possible.

It makes sense to consult a doctor within 5 days after unprotected sex. There is emergency medical treatment that can prevent the development of syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and other sexual diseases.
But it will not help against HIV and the human papilloma virus (HPV).
Blood on hepatitis, syphilis and HIV hand over 3 months after contact. Previously, there is no meaning: antibodies to these diseases in blood appear not immediately after infection.

Compliance with these precautionary measures will reduce the likelihood of infection and the severity of its possible consequences.

Sexual freedom that used to enjoy modern man, has its own "pitfalls": according to WHO, now every tenth, including children and old people, is sick of thirst or other STDs. Every 15 seconds somewhere in the world there is a diagnosis associated with sexually infection. To preserve your health and not subject to partner's danger, timely prevention and treatment are required.

A continuous increase in the number of sexually transmitted diseases does not speak about the complexity of prevention, but about the irresponsible attitude of the majority of people to their health and their illiteracy in this matter. Often, patients are shy to consult a doctor in the event of symptoms and are trying to do with folk remedies. This is fraught with irreversible consequences for their health.

***
The only effective one folk remedy Protection against STDs is a complete sexual abstinence :).
Plus: it's free. Minus: Does not exclude the possibility of a household infection and in case of violence.
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