The construction of the house and a number of other buildings implies the mandatory arrangement of inter-storey or attic floors. Often, wood is used to implement this task. Wooden floors are easy to install, however, if you need to provide high-quality insulation and noise insulation of the room, give preference to overlaps from concrete. Monolithic overlap from concrete can be made independently. Explore the instructions and proceed.

Before the start of any work, it will be worth familiar with the rules for laying monolithic plates. The main recommendations look as follows:

• the length of the span can be no more than 900 cm. This is the maximum permissible length of one monolithic plate;
• to lift the plates you need to use special technique. In accordance with this requirement, the hinge must be mounted in the slab, clinging for which the crane can raise the product to the desired height. Actual for those situations where plates are purchased in finished form or are made independently, but on Earth;

  

• plates can be laid exclusively on pre-aligned walls. There should be no significant distortions and drops;
• from each edge of the plate should be based on a 9-15 cm wall;
• the plates are stacked with the mandatory sealing of technological seams and in general all the cracks with the help of a solution. "Dry" laying is invalid;
• in the process of installing plates, it is necessary to constantly monitor their laying. A plunder and level are used to verify;
• plates can be laid exclusively on the bearing walls. All sorts of simpleness are erected strictly after the completion of the ceiling of overlaps;

  

• if in monolithic overlap you need to make a hatch, it is allowed to cut exclusively at the junction of two concrete slabs. Arrangement of the hatch in one railway product is unacceptable;
• plates are stacked with 2-3 centimeters M gap.

  

If the length of one plate is not enough to overlap the entire span, you can use one of two available options:

• squeeze the plates backdrop, leaving the gaps on the edges of the room. At the end, the gaps will need to fill with concrete blocks;
• place the plates are not close, but with uniform gaps (20-30 mm). At the end of the gaps, make a concrete, pre-secure the formwork under the overlap so that the building solution does not fall down.

Installation of formwork

The technology of overlap arrangement implies the mandatory use of the horizontal formwork. You can rent a finished formwork from a specialized company or collect the desired design with your own hands.

The first option is simpler and more convenient. Finished factory formworks come complete with telescopic supports, which allows you to further save time on the manufacture of backups.

The second option is more budget. For self-assembling formwork, use a cutting board with a thickness of at least 2.5-3.5 cm. You can use moisture-resistant phaneur thickness from 2 cm.

Boards must be shot down as close as possible. In the presence of noticeable slots between the formwork boards, it is necessarily covered with a waterproofing film.

Set to install formwork

Prepare the following devices for assembling formwork:

• boards;
• phaneur;
• bar;
• a hammer;
• hacksaw;
• level;
• nails;
• ax.

Installing formwork

First step. Install vertical support racks. The best option is adjustable telescopic racks made of metal. With their absence, they will fit and wooden logs diameter from 80 mm.

Stands Install with a meter step. The distance between the walls and the racks closest to them should be at least 200 mm.

The second step. Lay on top of the reference racks. This is a longitudinal bar, at the expense of which the entire design is maintained.

Third step. On top of the riglels, install the formwork. First put on longitudinal bars transverse wooden beams, on them - boards or Phaneur.

The dimming dimensions are chosen so that its extreme edges rests on the walls without the formation of cracks.

Fourth step. The top edge of the formwork should be strictly on the same level with the top edge of the walls of the wall. To perform this requirement, adjust the height of the support racks.

Fifth step. Set vertical design elements. Due to the fact that the edges of the ceiling slab must enter the wall, place a vertical fence at an appropriate distance from the inner edges of the walls.

Sixth step. Check the smooth formwork installation using a level. Correct deviations in case of detection.

To connect formwork elements, use comfortable fasteners, for example, made of either nails.

For the convenience of execution of subsequent works, the formwork can be made waterproofing M material.

Telescopic racks are more preferable compared to their wooden analogues for the reason that the metal is much more reliable than wood. Each telescopic rack is able to withstand the load up to 2000 kg without the appearance of deformations and cracks, as it can occur in the case of a wooden bar.

Video - Montage of the formwork of overlaps

Order of reinforcement

The monolithic slab overlap is subject to compulsory reinforcement.

First step. Prepare fittings. Suitable diameter of rods pick up in accordance with the calculated loads. In most cases, the rods with a diameter of 1.2-1.4 cm are used.

The second step. Machine the first reinforcing mesh at the bottom of the future monolithic plate. First, put the longitudinal, and then transverse rods. The optimal size of the cell of such a mesh is 120-150 mm. If the overlap is small square, You can increase the size of the cells up to 200 mm.

Third step. Bes rods to tie steel wire.

Fourth step. Lay on top the second reinforcing mesh similar to the first. Tie both mesh wire.

If the lengths of one rod are not enough, the additional rods are tight with an overlap equal to at least 40 diameters of reinforcement. That is, if you are using a rod with a diameter of 12 mm, the backstage should be at least 480 mm.

Cooking concrete

For initial fill, a standard concrete mortar is prepared. The recipe is as follows:

• 2 parts of sifted pure sand;
• 1 part of a large aggregate - you can use both rubbank and gravel;
• 1 part of cement M400-M500;
• water.

Water add so much so that the consistency of the solution is close to the consistency of the liquid sour cream. Nehust solution will perfectly fill all internal cavities and cracks, so that the stove will become truly monolithic.

The solution is most convenient to prepare in the concrete mixer. First, load dry and solid components, and then gradually, if possible, without stopping stirring, add water.

In the absence of concrete mixers, you can prepare a solution in a large quinet, but it is too long and quite difficult, especially in the absence of assistants.

Pouring plate

The process of filling the monolithic overlap can be divided into 2 stages: spill and finish fill.

Spray

At this stage, the initial layer of concrete is poured. The leuta solution is measurable and slowly, sharp movements are unacceptable, since the formwork may be twisted because of this.

Do not pour too thick. The main task of this layer is to fill all the available cavities.

Finished Pouring "Enclose" the shovel over the entire surface. Do it smoothly and carefully. So you will delete excess air and finally fill out even the smallest cavities.

Finish fill

At this stage you need to prepare a separate solution. The recipe is the same as in the previous case. The only difference is to take less water so that the concrete turns out to be more dense.

First step. Fill the concrete layer of such a thickness so that there are about 20-30 mm before the calculated thickness of the finished monolithic plate. Leuty slowly and evenly.

The second step. Cross the fill with a shovel as in the previous part of the instruction. Leave the concrete for a couple of days and go to a further step.

Third step. Prepare a solution of 1 part of the cement and 3 parts of the sand. A large aggregate at this stage is not needed. Add water to obtain a solution of medium density.

Fourth step. Fill the slab to the end prepared at the previous step with a solution. In the process of fill, jump out the plate using the rule before receiving the perfectly smooth surface.

On this, the fill of the monolithic overlap is completed. You will only stay for some time to follow the condition of the fill so that concrete is frozen and gained strength without unnecessary problems.

Caring for concrete after fill

In the process of pouring concrete will be allocated a large number of Heat, under the influence of which the intensive evaporation of moisture will begin. The lack of moisture will lead to climbing concrete. Therefore, during the first few days after the fill, you will need to regularly make the plate with water.

You can pour water buckets (2-3 buckets for entering) or through a spray hose. You can pre-lay old rags on the raid concrete (better - burlap) and pour water on them. In the heat, polished concrete cover with polyethylene, because Because of too fast drying, the stove can be covered with cracks.

Formwork can be removed by about 10 days after the last wetting. In general, the slab will gain strength of 3-5 weeks. After this period, it will be possible to move to the fulfillment of further planned construction work.

Thus, it is possible to equip the monolithic overlap. At the same time, money for the arrangement of the necessary designs you will spend much less than in the case of buying finished plates of factory manufacture. Follow the instructions and everything will work.

Good job!

Video - Monolithic overlap with her own hands

In brick houses, concrete or concrete blocks, overlappings are usually performed from reinforced concrete. They provide exceptional strength and seismic resistance of the structure, as well as very durable and do not burn, which is important. There are several ways to arrange reinforced concrete floors. The most common and universal - laying of plates of flooding of factory manufacture. Such plates are ordered at the ZhBI factories, and then mounted with the workers' crane and brigade. In the same cases, when the use of lifting crane on the construction site is difficult, or when the house has a non-standard layout and it is difficult to perform the layout of finished plates, the monolithic slab of the overlapping is placed. You can actually fill the monolithic slab not only when there is a testimony for this, but simply because you consider it more appropriate. In this article we will tell you how to lay the slabs of overlapping and how to fill the monolithic plate. Not all work can be performed independently, but it is still worth familiar with the technology, at least in order to control the process at the construction site.

Monolithic slab overlaid with their own hands

The monolithic overlap has a number of advantages compared to overlapping from finished reinforced concrete slabs. First, the design is solid and monolithic without a single seam, which ensures uniform load on the walls and the foundation. Secondly, the monolithic fill allows you to make a layout in the house more free, as it can rely on the columns. Also, the planning can mean how many angles of corners and zakulkov, which would be difficult to choose the slab overlapping the standard sizes. Thirdly, you can safely equip the balcony without an extra composure plate, as the design is monolith.

You can equip the monolithic slab slab on your own, for this you do not need a lifting crane or a large brigade of workers. The main thing is to comply with technology and do not save on materials.

Like everything that concerns construction, the monolithic overlap begins with the project. It is advisable to order the calculation of the monolithic slab overlap in the project office and do not save on it. Usually it includes the calculation of the cross section of the slab to the action of the bending moment at maximum load. As a result you get optimal dimensions For the slab overlap specifically in your home, instructions, which fittings to use and what class of concrete. If you wish to try to perform calculations yourself, then an example of calculating the monolithic slab overlap can be found on the Internet. We will not sharpen attention on this. Consider the option when an ordinary country house is built with a span no more than 7 m, so we will make a monolithic slab overlap of the most popular recommended size: thickness from 180 to 200 mm.

Materials for the manufacture of monolithic slab overlap:

• Formwork.
• Supports for maintaining formwork at the rate of 1 support per 1 m2.
• Steel fittings with a diameter of 10 mm or 12 mm.
• Concrete brand M 350 or separate cement, sand and crushed stone.
• Bending fixture for reinforcement.
• Plastic reinforcement supports (clamps).

Filling technology monolithic floating slabs Includes such steps:

1. Calculation of the ceiling slabs if the span is more than 7 m, or the project involves the support of the slabs on the column / columns.
2. Installation of formwork type "Deck".
3. Plate reinforcement with steel rods.
4. Pouring concrete.
5. Concrete seal.

So, after the walls are kicked out at the necessary height, and their level is almost perfect, you can begin the arrangement of the monolithic slab of the overlap.

The device of the monolithic slab overlap assumes that the concrete will be poured into a horizontal formwork. Sometimes the horizontal formwork is also called the "deck". There are several options for its arrangement. First - rent ready removable formwork Metal or plastic. Second - manufacturing on-site formwork using wooden boards or sheets of moisture resistant plywood. Of course, the first option is easier and preferable. First, the formwork is collapsible. Secondly, it offers telescopic supports that are needed to support formwork at the same level.

If you prefer to make a formwork yourself, then consider that the thickness of the plywood sheets should be 20 mm, and the thickness of the edged boards is 25 - 35 mm. If you shoot down the shields from edged boards, they need to be tightly customized to each other. If the slots are visible between the boards, then the surface of the formwork should be causing a waterproofing film.

Installing the formwork is performed in this way:

• Vertical support racks are installed. It can be telescopic metal racks whose height can be adjusted. But it is also possible to use wooden logs with a diameter of 8 - 15 cm. The step between the racks should be 1 m. The racks close to the wall should be located at a distance of at least 20 cm from the wall.
• On top of the racks, the riglels are stacked (a longitudinal bar, which will hold the formwork, a foreign beam, a chamber service).
• The horizontal formwork is stacked on the rigls. If the finished formwork is used, and the lateral beams are stacked on top of the longitudinal bars, on which the sheets of moisture resistant plywood are put on top. The dimensions of the horizontal formwork must be fitted perfectly so that its edges rest in the wall without leaving the gaps.
• The height of the pole supports is regulated so that the upper edge of the horizontal formwork coincides with the top edge of the wall masonry.
• Vertical formwork elements are installed. Taking into account the fact that the monolithic slab overlap the dimensions should be such that its edges to enter the walls by 150 mm, it is necessary to perform a vertical fence at such a distance from the inside edge of the wall.
• The last time is checked horizontal and even arrangement of formwork with levels.

Sometimes for the convenience of further work, the surface of the formwork is covered with a waterproofing film or, if it is made of metal, lubricated with machine oil. In this case, the formwork is easy to remove, and the surface of the concrete slab will be perfectly smooth. The use of telescopic racks for formwork is preferable to wooden supports, as they are reliable, each of them withstands weight up to 2 tons, microcracks are not formed on their surface, as it can happen to a wooden log or bar. Rental of such racks will cost approximately 2.5 - 3 USD. per 1 m2 area.

After the armature framework of two grids is installed after armature formwork. For the manufacture of reinforcement framework, steel reinforcement A-500C with a diameter of 10 - 12 mm is used. From these rods, the grid is associated with a cell size of 200 mm. To connect longitudinal and transverse rods, knitting wire is used 1.2 - 1.5 mm. Most often the length of one reinforcement rod is not enough to cover the whole span, so the rods will have to be interconnected along. In order for the design to be durable, the rods must be connected to the allen in 40 cm.

The reinforcement grid must enter the wall at least 150 mm, if the walls are made of brick, and 250 mm, if the walls are made of aerated concrete. The ends of the rods should not reach the vertical formwork around the perimeter by 25 mm.

Strengthening the monolithic slab overlap is performed using two reinforcement grids. One of them - the lower - should be located at an altitude of 20 - 25 mm from the lower edge of the plate. The second - the upper one should be located 20 - 25 mm below the top edge of the plate.

So that the lower mesh is located on the desired removal, adults are put under it plastic clamps. They are installed in increments of 1 - 1.2 m in the crossing places of rods.

The thickness of the monolithic slab overlap is taken at the rate of 1:30, where 1 is the thickness of the plate, and 30 is the length of the span. For example, if the span is 6 m, then the thickness of the plate will be 200 mm. Considering that the grids should be located on the removal of the plates from the edges, the distance between the grids should be 120-125 mm (from the thickness of the plate 200 mm, we take two gaps of 20 mm and take 4 thickness of reinforcement rods).

To divide the grids for a certain distance from each other, from the reinforcing rod of 10 mm using a special bending tool is made special Locks - Standsas in the photo. The upper and lower shelves of the retainer are 350 mm. The vertical size of the retainer is 120 mm. The installation step of vertical locks 1 m, the ranks should be placed in a checker order.

The next step - end lock. It is installed in a step of 400 mm in the end of the reinforcement frame. It serves to enhance the support of the slab on the wall.

Another important element - top and bottom mesh connector. As he looks, you can see in the photo. It is necessary, so that the spaced grids perceived the load, as one. The installation step of this connector is 400 mm, and in the zone of the wall on the wall, in the range of 700 mm from it, in a step of 200 mm.

Pouring concrete

Concrete is better to order directly at the factory. This greatly facilitates the task. In addition, the pouring of the solution from the mixer with a uniform layer will provide exceptional stove strength. What you can not say about the stove, which was poured by hand with breaks for the preparation of a new portion of the solution. So pour the concrete is better at once with a layer of 200 mm, without breaks. Before pouring concrete to formwork, it is necessary to install a frame or box for technological holes, such as chimney or ventilation channel. After filling it, it is necessary to province the deep vibrator. After that, leave to dry and gain strength on 28 days. The first week the surface must be wedged with water, only moisturize, and not to fill with water. A month later, the formwork can be removed. The monolithic slab overlap is ready. On the installation of slabs of overlapping, the price includes the cost of fittings, concrete, rented formwork and order Mixer Machines, as well as concrete pump. In fact, approximately 50 - 55 cu. per m2 overlaps. How to fill the slab overlapping concrete, you can see in the demonstrating installation of plates of the overlap of video.

How to put overlap plates

The use of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs of factory manufacturer is considered more traditional. PC plates are greater popularity - slabs with round voids. The weight of such plates begins with 1.5 tons, so the laying of the slabs of the overlap is impossible with their own hands. Requires lifting crane. Despite the seeming simplicity of the task, there are a number of nuances and rules that must be observed when working with slabs of overlaps.

Termination Plate Rules

The slab overlap of the factory manufacture has already been reinforced at the factory and does not require additional strengthening or arrangement of formwork. They are simply placed in the span with support on the wall, following some rules:

• The span should not be more than 9 m. It is exactly such a plate of the slab is the largest.
• Unloading and lifting plates are carried out with the help of special equipment provided by the project. To do this, there are mounting hinges in the stoves, for which the mounting slings gerops are engaged.
• Before laying the slabs, the surface of the walls to which they will fit must be aligned. Not allowed large drops of heights and distortions.
• Plates must be based on the walls by 90 - 150 mm.
• It is impossible to pretend the plates of dry, all the slots and technological seams should be sealed with a solution.
• Plate location must be constantly monitored relative to the walls and surfaces of the support.
• The plates are stacked only on the bearing walls, all the simpleness are placed only after installing overlaps.
• If you want to cut in the overlap of the hatch, then it must be cut on the junction of two plates, and not in one plate.
• Plates should be located as close as possible to each other, but with a 03 - 3 cm gap. This will ensure seismic resistance.

If the slabs of the overlap lacks to overlap the whole span, and remains, for example, 500 mm, then exist different methods Styling slabs of overlapping in this case. The first is to lay the plates in principle, and the gaps leave at the edges of the room, then close the gaps with concrete or slag concrete blocks. The second is laying plates with uniform gaps, which are then close to concrete solution. In order for the solution to not fall down, the formwork is installed under the gap (the board is tested).

Black Plate Styling Technology

In the process of laying slabs, the overlap must be clear coordination between the crane and the brigade, the host. To avoid injuries on the construction site, and also observe the whole technological process And the rules described in the bottom, the Project at the construction site should be a technological map of the flooring plates. It contains a sequence of work, quantity and location of technology, special vehicles and tools.

Start the laying of the slabs of the overlap is necessary from the staircase. After laying the plates, their location is checked. Plates are fit well if:

• The difference between the bottom surfaces of the slabs does not exceed 2 mm.
• The height difference between the upper surfaces of the slabs does not exceed 4 mm.
• The height difference within the site should not exceed 10 mm.

As the installation of the slab is shown, after laying the plate, it is necessary to combine with the walls with metal connecting parts. Works on the connection of mortgages and connecting parts are made welding.

Do not forget that you need to follow safety. It is not allowed to perform work with a lifting crane in an open area with wind 15 m / s, as well as when ice, thunderstorms and fog. During the movement of the slab using a crane, installers should be away from the path by which the stove will move, with the opposite feed feed. Despite the fact that the use of the services of a professional prolage and the installers brigade significantly increase the cost of mounting slabs of the ceiling, yet this is not the case when you can save. The brigadier must provide a project.

Before ordering the plates at the factory, preparatory work must be performed. The time of feeding the car with plates and lifting crane is better to agree at one time not to overpay for simple special equipment. In this case, the installation of the plates can be performed without unloading, directly from the vehicle.

Preparatory work before putting slabs

First - smooth surface of opira. The horizon must be practically ideal, the height difference in 4 - 5 cm is unacceptable. First of all, check the surface of the walls, then, if necessary, align with a concrete solution. Subsequent work can be performed only after concrete acquires maximum strength.

Second - ensure the strength of the support zone. If the walls are erected from bricks, concrete or concrete blocks, then no additional events do not need. If the walls are erected from foam blocks or gas-blocks, then before laying the plates it is necessary to fill armoois. Proper laying The ceiling slabs assumes that the support surface must be strong enough to withstand the weight of the plate and do not deform along the adjunct line. Neither aerated concrete nor foaminetone has the necessary strength. Therefore, on the entire perimeter of the structure, the formwork is established, the reinforcement frame of a rod 8 is 12 mm, and then everything is poured with a concrete layer 15 - 20 mm. Further work can be continued only after drying the concrete.

Third - install mounting towers. Telescopic supports, as described in the section on the installation of a monolithic slab overlap, are installed in 1.5 m increments. They are called upon to accept the weight of the slab, if suddenly it will slip from their place. After mounting, these tows are cleaned.

Installation of empty slabs of overlapping with a crane

After the fresh concrete adopted sufficient strength and dryness, you can begin directly installing the slabs of the overlap. For this, the lifting crane is used, the load capacity of which depends on the size and weight of the slab, most often the cranes 3 - 7 tons are appreciated.

Stages of work:

• A concrete solution of a layer 2 - 3 cm is applied to the support surface. The depth of the solution is equal to the depth of the plates, i.e. 150 mm. If the slab will rely on two opposite walls, then the solution is applied only for two walls. If the slab will rely on three walls, then on the surface of the three walls. Directly laying the plates can begin when the solution will drop 50% of its strength.

• While the solution dries out, the craneman can engage the slings for the mounting elements of the plate.
• When the crane driver is given a signal that you can feed the stove, the team of workers must move away from the place where the stove moves. When the stove is already quite close, the workers engage her by the battle and unfold, while the oscillatory movements are soaked.

• The plate is directed to the right place, one person must stand on one wall, and the other - on the opposite. The stove is stacked so that its edges relied on a wall at least 120 mm, better by 150 mm. After installing the stove, squeeze the excess solution and will evenly distribute the load.

• If there is a need to move the slab, you can use scrap. You can only align its location along the laying zone, moving the slab across the walls can not, otherwise the walls can fall. Then the slings are removed, and the signal is served to pick them up.
• The procedure is repeated for all plates without exception. The rules for mounting the ceiling slabs suggest that the alignment of the plates should be performed along the lower edge, since it is the lower surface that the ceiling is indoors. Therefore, the stove is stacked with a wider side down, and more narrow - up.

You can meet the recommendation that in the Opporting Zone, the reinforcement is required. Supporters of this method say that it is so convenient and easier to move the stove. In fact, put something except for a concrete solution under the stove is prohibited by a technical card. Otherwise, the stove can be easily moved from the Oppulating Zone, as it will slide along the valve. In addition, the load will be distributed unevenly.

Laying the slabs of overlapping on the foundation is practically no different from laying inter-storey floors. The technology is exactly the same. Only the surface of the foundation must be thoroughly hydroizing before laying the plates. If the project provides non-standard supporting slabs, then for this use special steel elements. Such work should not be done without a specialist.

Anchorovka - binding of plates between themselves - can be performed in two ways depending on the project.

First - binding plates of reinforcement. The reinforcement rods with a diameter of 12 mm are welded to fixing mortgage elements on the stove. At the slabs from different manufacturers, the location of these elements can be different: in the longitudinal end plate or on its surface. The most durable is considered to be diagonally, when the plates are associated with a displacement.

Also, the stove must be associated with the wall. For which fittings make up the wall.

Second way - ring anchor. In fact, he is similar to Armopoyas. On the perimeter of the plate is equipped with a formwork, fittings are installed and concrete is poured. This method somewhat increases the cost of laying the slabs of the overlap. But it is worth it - the plates are sulked from all sides.

After anchoring, you can proceed to the sealing of the slots. The slots between the slabs of the overlap are called Rusta. They are filled with concrete M150 brand. If the slots are large, then the board is tied up, which serves as a formwork. If the slits are small, then the slab overlap can withstand the maximum load already the next day. Otherwise, it is necessary to wait a week.

All modern plates with round voids are made with already filled ends. If you purchased slabs with open holes, then they must be fill in anything by 25 - 30 cm deep. Otherwise, the stove will freeze. Fill voids can be mineral Vata., concrete stoppers or simply fill with concrete solution. This procedure must be performed not only on those ends that go outside, but also on those rely on the inner walls.

On the laying of the slab overlap the price depends on the volume of work, the area of \u200b\u200bthe house and the value of the materials. For example, the cost of only PC overlapping slabs is approximately 27 - 30 USD. per m2. The rest is the accompanying materials, the rental of crane and hiring workers, as well as the cost of shipping plates. Professional brigades on the installation of slabs of overlapping rates are different from 10 to 25 USD. per m2, maybe more depending on the region. As a result, it turns out the cost is the same as on the pouring of the monolithic slab overlap.

Laying Plates of Overlapping: Video Example

One of the most common materials modern construction It is concrete, in particular concrete floors. Concrete is widely popular at the expense of its universal qualities that are valued in construction.

Concrete floors - plates of various sizes that must be durable and moisture-resistant.

Concrete floors are plates of various sizes. Their manufacture includes the process of filling a concrete mix in a predetermined formwork (shape) with reinforcement installed in it and subsequent solidification.

Cleaning from concrete should be durable, waterproof. Relatively low thermal conductivity and high fire resistance plates are required. It is also worth noting that concrete is of different brands that are separated by the limness of strength and are selected depending on the destination. Another fill process depends on natural environmental conditions.

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Preparation for the fill

Wood or metal shields are used as material for formwork.

1. Make a formwork.
2. Select material for the manufacture of reinforcement. Considering the size of the formwork, make the reinforcement, which is a grid of metal rods.
3. Choose right materials and their proportions in the composition of the concrete mix and prepare the mixture itself.

Consider closer than the components mentioned above, their purpose and construction.

The formwork plays the role of shape for pouring concrete, so it is made in size to have a ready-made plate. Wood or metal shields are used as material for formwork. The formwork must be collapsible so that after hardening it was possible to break the finished plate.

In concrete structures on overlap, compression and stretching forces act, under the action of which they change their shape. Good example It will be the usual erasing gum, if you set it on a pair of supports and put pressure in the center. Eraser will join, its upper layer will be squealing, and the lower stretch. After removing the load, the rubber band will return to the original position.

If a concrete slab is on the site of the gum, then under load it can easily break. To this not happen, steel rods are introduced into the concrete - reinforcement. She plays the role of stiffery ribs.

Armature is the Word of Italian origin, which means "weapons" translated. Concrete with reinforcement is a reinforced concrete structure that can withstand significant loads. Armature is the frames in the form of lattices from steel rods. The cross section of steel rods is chosen at the discretion of the wizard. The reinforcement frames are invested in places where the strength of stretching is valid.

As for the concrete mix, then it is necessary to ensure that it is correct, that is, uniform. The filler should not be too large. In some cases, incorrect aggregate may cause the formation of a cavern and shells. Caverns and shells, in turn, can cause corrosion of reinforcement. When the armature rusts, the integrity of the concrete structure will break, which is not worth allowing.

The composition of the concrete mix is \u200b\u200bcast: cement, aggregates, water.

The composition of the concrete mix water:

• cement;
• aggregates;
• water.

Cement - hydraulic mineral binder, giving very high durability when hardening. The hardening is based on a chemical reaction with water. Cement is of different brands separated by the degree of hardness.

The aggregates are the grainy rocks that make up the bulk of concrete floors (approximately 75%). Fillers are mined on gravel pits and quarries. The aggregator should be clean, durable and unreasonable and give a durable grip with cement stone. The dimensions of the largest and smallest grains are obtained using the removal method, applying the sieve of the desired caliber. According to international standards, Sita has square cells 0.25; 0.5; one; 2; four; eight; sixteen; 31.5 and 63.5 mm. The most common aggregates are sand, gravel and crushed stone.

When cooking a mixture for concrete overlap It is very important to take into account the water-cement ratio. For the preparation of cement under normal conditions, the optimal ratio will be 2: 5, respectively, water to cement. This relationship can be taken as standard and boldly apply in most cases. When working in the cold or when obtaining a concrete plate of high waterproof, it is possible to increase the stake of water to 3: 5. In massive reinforced concrete structures, a 4: 5 ratio is allowed. Fillers account for approximately 75% of the finished concrete mix. Sand in the aggregate is 15-20% of the entire mass of the aggregate, the rest is gravel and crushed stone. After adding all components, they need to mix thoroughly.

Used tools:

Drill is one of the tools needed to overlap the ceiling.

• roulette;
• pencil;
• hacksaw;
• drill;
• screwdriver;
• screws;
• pliers (2 pcs.);
• container (maybe pelvis, bucket or bath, if there are no special mixing equipment);
• mixer;
• shovel;
• putty knife.

With the help of roulette and pencil, we plan the size of the future formwork (if you plan to do from the tree). Hisching sprinkle the desired length and twist the design with a drill, screwdriver and screws. Pliers are needed to work with iron rods for the manufacture of reinforcement. In Treat, make a mixture of components of concrete. Stir the stirrer. Shovel and spatula produce laying.

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The process of pouring concrete

So, when all the components are prepared, the fill time is suitable. After the minimum amount of water is added and the concrete mixture is thoroughly mixed, you can start the fill. To make a high-quality plate, concrete must be covered correctly. Most. the best option The fill of the concrete mix is \u200b\u200bfilling the entire free formwork. The concrete mix must cure the entire surface of the reinforcement evenly and without empty places. All space between the walls and reinforcement should be filled.

Often there are difficulties associated with plasticity of a concrete mix. If the concrete mix would be comparable by water consistency, then everything would be perfectly filled. But since the mixture is not so liquid, water is added to it. With water you need to be extremely neat, since its excess can have a negative effect on concrete strength. Another water can remain inside the concrete, which flows after hardening, and the emptiness remains in the concrete, porosity is formed. Thus, the amount of water injected should be correct and strictly verified. Here you can rely on practical experience or appropriate literature. After adding water, it is recommended to dehydration. Dehydration is made by pressing, centrifuging or vacuuming. If the work is carried out at home, these methods will not be available, so it is better to prevent unnecessary amount of water. Thus, we obtain the process of adding water in such a quantity so that the laying can be conducted without any difficulty.

When concrete is prepared, correctly flooded and, if necessary, dehydrated, it must harden and become durable.

When concrete is prepared, correctly flooded and, if necessary, dehydrated, it must harden and become durable. After the concrete grabbies, it will become a solid body, but not fully durable. If, in the manufacture of plates, the concrete is covered correctly, then it is recommended to wait certain deadlines solidification. For various cases, they are different. Deadlines depend on the volume of fill, temperature conditions, the composition of the mixture. So for concrete on a professional construction site and under natural conditions, the term of complete solidification is 28-30 days. For clarification, I recommend to refer to reference books. If the work is carried out in a cold or hot climate, the process becomes more complicated.

Plates of overlap are designed to separate the building at levels (floors). If the plates are located between the floors, then this is the overlap, if above the last floor, then the coating. The difference lies only in the bearing ability. Increased requirements for strength and reliability are presented to these building structures, as they are the main carrier elements and perceive the load from the entire floor, including floors, partitions, equipment, furniture and temporary loads.

Plates of overlappings can be:

• depending on the material: reinforced concrete, concrete, wooden, metal, combined;
• from the method of execution of prefabricated or monolithic;

One or another type of floor slabs is applied depending on constructive features Buildings, maximum load on overlapping and method of installation. Then we will analyze how to make the overlap with their own hands.

Example of calculating the monolithic slab

Before proceeding to the manufacture of the stove, it is advisable to make it calculation. Then an example of the calculation of the plane of the interleaved overlap to the deflection will be performed.

Source data for calculation

Building size with monolithic overlap Take the size of 6x6 m divided into the center inner walls (span 3m). The overlap thickness will take 160 mm, while the working height of the overlap cross section will be 13 cm. Class B20 concrete (Rb \u003d 117kg / cm2, RBTn \u003d 14.3kg / cm2, Eb \u003d 3.1 * 10 ^ 5 kg / cm2) will be used for the manufacture of the plate. Steel fittings A-500C (RS \u003d 4500kg / cm2, Ea \u003d 2.0 * 10 ^ 6 kg / cm2).

The load on the overlapping will consist of weight: slabs of overlapping (in our cases 160 mm), cement tie. 30 mm thick, ceramic tile, regulatory weight of partitions and payload. All data are reduced in the table below with the coefficients.

Calculation of slabs for deformations for deflection

Now we need to choose the cross section of the reinforcement, for this we will define the maximum moment:

and the coefficient of AO with the width of the plate of the plate B \u003d 1 (m):

The required area of \u200b\u200breinforcement cross sections will be equal to:

Therefore, for the reinforcement of the 1store meter, the ceiling slab can be applied with 5 rods with a diameter of 8 mm in a step of 200 mm. The area of \u200b\u200bthe armature cross section will be as \u003d 2.51cm2.

We approached tight to the calculation of plates on deformations for deflection. From the source data, we know that the permanent load on the overlap is 0.63t / m² and

Calculate the maximum moment of the long-term load:

And the maximum moment of the short-term load:

We find a coefficient that takes into account the type of load and the loading scheme S \u003d 5/48 - for beams with a constant uniformly distributed load (Table 31, "Guide
According to the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy concrete "). y '\u003d y \u003d 0 (Table 29 "Guide to the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy concrete").

Coefficient for determining: k1kr; k1l; k2l.

We consider the curvature of the axis with the simultaneous action of short-term, long and permanent loads:

Now it remains to determine the maximum deflection in the middle of the span:

The condition is performed, it means that we adopted by the reinforcement Ø8 A-500c in a step of 200 mm is true!

Monolithic plates overlap for garage

Even building structures such as slabs can be made with their own hands. Let's look at the operating device for the garage. We will block the span with a long 4300 mm, so the plates will be manufactured 4500 mm. On each side, the stove will rely on brick wall 100 mm.

Materials for the manufacture of plates

How to make slabs overlaid with your own hands? For the manufacture of the stove we will need:

• professional flooring H75 / 750 x 4500 mm, it will be used as a removable formwork;
• wooden boards with a height of 150 mm and a thickness of 25 - 30 mm;
• armature with a diameter of 16 mm;
• mesh with a cell 100x100 with a diameter of 5 mm;
• screed with a diameter of 8 mm, 2 pieces per plate;
• class B20 concrete.

Process manufacturing plate with your own hands

The sheet of professional flooring is stacked by a tough basis. Under the sheet you need to put crossbars (wooden boards, 4 pieces). We arrange formwork from the boards around the perimeter of the sheet.

We put the reinforcement in each sheet tray (5 pcs). The protective layer of concrete must be 25-30 mm. To the same revenue of reinforcement reinforcement (4 pcs) for transporting the plate (in our case, lifting it to the height of the overlap level of the garage). In the top of the slab, we laid the grid, which should also be protected by a layer of concrete 30 mm.

In order for the sheet of professional flooring well behind the concrete, it needs to be lubricated with oil (throughout) or cover polyethylene film. Consumption of concrete on one plate will be 0.4 m3. Concrete is prepared in the gravitational concrete mixer, poured and the vibrator is stuck. You can remove the plate only after 7 days when concrete drops 70% strength.

Also possible overlap device directly on the walls. Sheets of professional flooring are stacked, reinforcement is performed and formwork is satisfied. Concrete rises in a crane in Badier and fills in a solid layer. Under the overlap you need to install backups at the time of the set of concrete strength. This method will be more costly, so the sheets of professional flooring remain in the overlap.

How much does it cost to make a slab overlap?

Now we calculate the cost of manufacturing plates with a total area of \u200b\u200b29 m2 and a height of 150 mm. Costs for concrete - $ 335, price of professional flooring H75 - $ 400, reinforcement - $ 235, Crane services $ 135. As a result, we get the amount of $ 970. Such a cost will be whether to produce a slab right on the garage, that is, the profession remains under concrete overlap.

If the slabs of overlapping do it with their own hands on Earth, the cost of the overlap will be somewhat cheaper, we remove the cost of sheets of professional flooring. Total will turn out $ 705.

SMP of the TZHBS series are designed as an alternative wooden overlaps and monolithic reinforced concrete hollow plates. SMP TZHBS is a prefabricated design, combined at the mounting stage in solid overlap using a reinforced screed.

A distinctive feature of the SMP TZHBS is that all concrete elements are made of hard solutions. In order for the production of the SMP is economically appropriate, all components of the overlap should be carried out by an industrial method on modern high-performance equipment.

Composition of SMP TZHBS

Collected monolithic floors include:

• the beams of the 2-way section made of stressed concrete;
• multipurb blocks from ceramzite concrete or concrete laid between beams;
• reinforced concrete layer connecting overlap in solid design.

Advantages of SMP TZHBS

• High bearing capacity, up to 1000 kg / m2.
• Refusal to perform a monolithic belt.
• High heat and sound insulation.
• The possibility of laying in the voids of engineering communications.
• Low consumption of materials for one square meter Overlapping.
• The possibility of mounting overlapping with your own hands.

Mounting technology SMP

1. Delivery of SMP elements on the construction site. It is made by cargo vehicles of r / n at least 3.5 tons with a crane-manipulator. One flight provides delivery of materials for 30 m² overlap. Unloading is performed by manually or crane-manipulator.

2. The device of the slab of the overlap with their own hands begins with styling of 2-meter beams on the bearing walls in 70 cm increments and with a support of at least 10 cm.

3. Laying multi-public blocks between beams.

4. Fixing extreme beams masonry.

5. Laying the reinforcing grid on the entire area of \u200b\u200boverlap.

6. Pouring the monolithic concrete screed, combining beams and void blocks into a single design. Concrete raises the space between hollow stoves and beams, creating a solid hard structure.

Variants of the device of floors for collecting-monolithic overlap

On SMP, TZHBS, you can lay the floors of any species. As an example, linoletic and parquet floors are considered. The sequence of the layers is indicated in the bottom upward direction.

Linoleam floor

1. Sand layer with a thickness of 30 mm.
2. Soft fiberboard with a thickness of 12 mm.
3. Waterproofing from rubberoid.
4. Cement-sand screed from the brand M 150 40 mm thick.
5. Alignment layer of polymer cement with a thickness of 8 mm.
6. PVC linoleum on a heat-sounding substrate laid on the bustylate.

Parquet floor

1. Sand layer with a thickness of 30 mm.
2. Wooden lags with a cross section of 80 × 40 mm, laid with a pitch of 400 mm.
3. Parquet board 20 mm.

The height of the overlap with the finishing floor is 340 mm (240 mm overlap + 100 mm floor).

Plates used in homes are usually made of reinforced concrete. These are typical ready-made factory structures that you only need to properly put in the construction process. They have good operational properties, but there is an option with best characteristics. This is a monolithic slab overlap, and it can be made independently, without ordering from construction companies. Such a stove is not only an order of magnitude greater than ordinary reinforced concrete, but does not require special skills or specialized complex equipment for its manufacture.

Compared to typical reinforced concrete slabsmanufactured at factories, monolithic overlap has several advantages:

• The design will not have seams, which adds strength to it, since the load on the foundation is distributed evenly, along the entire surface. Thus, the overall durability and safety of the building increases.
• The monolithic fill makes it possible to experiment with a layout in the house, as it relies directly to the columns. You can create different angles and shorts, which are quite difficult to choose individual slabs of overlapping. This opens a wide scope for designer ideas.
• Finally, the monolithic design allows you to equip a safe without any additional support. Creating a balcony is not mandatory, but many want to have it in a country house, so why not do it.

You can create a monolithic slab overlap with your own hands, without hiring the brigade of workers and without using complex equipment. It is enough to do everything in gradually, neatly and in compliance with safety. In addition, you need to choose qualitative materials For its facilities.

In order to make a monolithic plate, you will need a drawing. Any construction begins with a scheme and computing. It is better to order in the construction bureau, trusting the calculations of professionals. The result will tell me what should be the right dimensions suitable for the construction of a plate, which reinforcing fittings for it to choose and which concrete from existing brands is better to use. You can try to do everything required calculations Alone, there are schemes on the Internet for which this operation is performed. Normal vacation home, as a rule, has a span no more than 7 meters, for which the stove is suitable standard dimensions and thickness from 180 to 200 mm, this is the most frequently used size.

For the manufacture of a new monolithic slab, the following materials will be needed:

• Steel fittings having diameter 10, or, as an option, 12 mm and a bending device for it.
• Concrete with marking M 350. You can also make a concrete solution yourself, mixing sand, cement and rubble.
• Formwork and supports for its support, you will need one support per square meter.
• Plastic coasters under reinforcing fittings for fixation.

The injection process necessarily includes several items that are performed sequentially:

• If the existing span of the building is much more than standard 7 meters or the project executed unequivocally implies support for columns, you will have to make calculation of the slab slab.
• The first step is to put a formwork to start work.
• The stove is reed with steel rods from which the frame is going.
• Concrete poured.
• Using the deep vibrator, a seal is made to enhance strength.

After the height of the walls reached the desired level, you can proceed to the creation of the slab of the overlap.

Installing formwork

An ordinary formwork used in construction is sometimes called deck, and it is it that it is necessary to create a stove. You can simply rent a ready-made, removable, which is made of metal or plastic. You can also easily make it yourself from boards or plywood sheets. Of course, rent is much simpler because the formwork is removable and collapsible, and therefore it can be easily removed. In addition, it has a telescopic device, which allows you to adjust the height.

To create a formwork manually you need to take sheets of plywood or boards. Designs made of boards need to fight well, carefully customizing wooden parts. If the slots and holes remain, you need to use the waterproofing film by turning the formwork.

• First you need to build vertical supports. If it is a leased formwork, their role is performed by metal racks with a telescopic height adjustment system. You can take wooden logs. The distance between the racks used is one meter. Racks must be removed from the wall at least for a distance of 20 cm.
• Rigels are put on top of the installed racks - these are special longitudinal bars needed to hold formwork.
• On the branches will be located a deck of plywood, resistant to moisture. The horizontal beam should be tightly restarted in a nearby wall, without leaving the holes.
• The top edge of the design used should coincide with the existing surface edge of the wall, so it is necessary to adjust the height of the racks to an acceptable level.
• Location and accurate horizontality should be checked using a construction level.

In some cases, the formwork for convenience is covered with a film with waterproofing properties or lubricated with automotive oil if it is made of metal. It is done to facilitate the removal of the formwork and make the surface of the obtained concrete slab smoothly. Telescopic leased racks are preferable than homemade wooden, because they are able to withstand considerable weight - up to 2 tons, do not break, they do not appear cracks, as can happen with homemade supports. Temporary rental of such racks costs about 3 y. e. one square.

Reinforcement plate

When the metal or self-made formwork is installed, it needs to be associated with a frame of reinforcement grids. To do this, durable steel bars marking A-500C are used. The size of one cell of the resulting grid should be about 200 mm. Ponds are connected using wire. Typically, the rods are not enough for all space, so you have to connect several pieces. So that the grid is durable, it is necessary to fold the pearblings of at least 40 mm.

The grid must be superimposed on the walls, the norm for brick structures is 150 mm and more, for walls made of aerated concrete - no less than 250 mm. Between the protruding ends of the spaced rods and the installed formwork should remain a distance of 25 mm.

Additional strengthening of the future plate is sequentially performed using a solid frame of fittings. The grids are done two, the one is located downstairs, neatly located at a distance of 20-25 mm from the edge below, the other grid, the top - is placed below 20-25 mm from the top edge of the plate.

Under the bottom tile, clamps are placed from plastic to hold it at the desired distance. They are located in increments of 1 meter, at those points where the crossing of the rod framework is.

The total thickness is pre-calculated in the ratio of 1:30, where the first digit means the thickness of the future product, and the second is the length of the span. For example, if the standard span is 6 meters, then the width of the plate will be exactly 200 mm. Since the strengthening grids are located at some distance from the edges of the plate, then they need to be divided, between them there must be a gap of 120-130 mm.

Fixtors-stand are needed to dilute the posted reinforcement grids in the frame at a distance of each other. The size upper Shelves The clamp should be 350 mm, while the vertical size is 120 mm, the location step is 1 meter, the locking elements are set in a checker order, alternately.

The end locking element in the design is installed with a constant step of 400 mm, directly in the end of the frame. With it, the stove will rely on the wall.

The grid connector needs two grids to take the load as a single integer reinforcing device. Step during installation should be 400 mm, and turning to the support zone, it is necessary to cut it up to 200 mm.

Pouring plate

The optimal option is to purchase a suitable concrete at the factory, from professional companies engaged in the manufacture of goods for construction. This largely facilitates the task. In addition, if you neatly pour concrete evenly and from the mixer, the surface of the plate will be smooth and very smooth. But the pouring manually will require an inevitable break for the time of cooking a new portion of the building mortar, respectively, the solidification will go unevenly, which threatens the finished plates defects. It is better to fill with a smooth layer, about 200 mm, acting without delay.

Before performing the fill with concrete, you must not forget to establish special technical boxes in the formwork, intended for the creation of chimneys or ventilation. After filling, you need to use a special deep vibrator for concrete. This will make the structure of the slab more durable, so it will be reliable and high-quality. Then you need to take patience and leave the sprinkled surface to dry and gain strength during the period of 28 days.

Behind the forming surface, you need to carefully monitor first week after the fill and wet it with simple water, but at the same time it is only moisturized, and not abundantly pour. Formwork can be carefully removed from the slab a month after the fill. After that, the new monolithic plate will be fully ready.

The total cost of materials and devices necessary to obtain the monolithic slab overlap, as a rule, takes into account the costs of reinforcing reinforcement, the possible rental of formwork, the purchase of concrete and the short-term rental of a building mixer, as well as a deep vibrator. On average estimates, approximately 45-55 cu is obtained. One square of the erected overlap.

When erected even a small cottage, you should ask you in advance how to fill the slab overlap with your own hands. Low-rise private construction - the process is quite expensive, and overlapping in the estimate takes not the last place. And if you resort to the services of contractors, in addition to the most finished slabs and its delivery will have to pay for the work of severe construction equipment. Even if you do not intend to save, in some cases a simple solution is inaccessible. Option FIRST: Your site is located in such a way that the truck crane cannot drive up to it.

Option Second: You have a non-standard configuration or construction dimensions. Buy the finished slab becomes impossible, and I do not want to agree on the alternative. After all, the monolith distributes the pressure evenly on all the walls, in contrast to the set overlap. And not a fuel, unlike wooden. So that independent decision Problems becomes the best of the options.

How to fill the slab overlap with your own hands: We will break the process in stages and deal with each of them in detail.

Formwork under the slab overlap: materials First, we will pay attention to consumables. You can take a cutting board of 25x150 or 50x150 mm, as not in all cases it makes sense to buy a laminated plywood, intended personally for monolithic construction: it is used once, but it is very expensive. But if you need the ceiling perfectly smooth, you will have to take a plywood, because the board of such a flat surface does not provide.

If it is planned to sew its plasterboard, then the plywood will be not relevant. For support for formwork, it is better to buy a used telescopic racks: even being purchased, they are easily after sale, and for the same money.

Construct formwork

• It will consist of a brusade frame, reinforced with jumpers and overlap.
• On the perimeter of the overlap, a frame from a bar is 50x150 mm.
• After every 60-80 cm, transverse bars are inserted and fixed. Support racks are put under them; Finding the crossbar in one plane is checked by the level.
• On the frame, the boards are close to the frame. It is not necessary to mount them, otherwise the formwork will create you serious difficulties.
• If a perfectly smooth ceiling is required, a plywood is 8-10 mm thick on top of the board.
• In order to use it after removing the formwork, it could be used (for example, the proportion of the cover of the roof or ceiling), it is closed by construction polyethylene, whose canvases must enter each other at 20. The end of the walls to which the slab will fall, the film does not stop.
• On the outer edge of the ends, the side is laid out in 2 rows of height and the thickness of the thickness - it will become an outer wall of the formwork.
• From the inside it is advisable to hide the focus of the penplex: it will not give the plate to flour in the winter.

The formwork is mounted, you can go to the next step.

Reinforcement plate

To strengthen the overlap, a metallic rod with a diameter of 8-14 mm is applied. If it is done under the attic room, where the loads are insignificant and irregular, there will be enough plate with a thickness of 12 cm and the "eight" reinforcements. For inter-storey overlap The monolith is poured at 15 cm. With the average size for a normal house of squares at 100, a rod is 10 mm. Standard method Reinforcements, using benches between layers, rather inconvenient and is too thin. Developers, more experienced in the filling of plates, are offered to use another technique.

• A grill is made with a cell in 40x40 cm.
• The grille is laid on the bottom of the formwork. Since it must be removed from the walls of the plate at least one and a half centimeters, "legs" are put under the reinforcement. As they can use construction trash: a crusted tile, broken brick and other options. There is no plane on the level of need, but for a more even distribution - it will be better to pick up the wreckage of approximately one and the same value.
• The second, identical first, grille is going. It is stacked on top of the already installed with a shift of 20 cm. The result is a double row of reinforcement with a final cell size in 20x20 cm.
• With a large plane area, the window size in each of the grids decreases to 30x30 cm so that in the end, get the lumen 15x15 cm.

Pouring plates of overlapping

In fact, it remains the easiest, but also the most responsible, stage. Concrete must be pouring at a time, so the process of conducting work should be thought out in advance. The complexity exists in the submission of the material: to the second floor alone to wear it for a long time and is not integrated. Decide how best you and more convenient. You can order concrete with delivery and tapes, but this option will be more expensive than all the work already done, taken together. You can rent or friends lift. If there is no such - call to the aid of the neighbors or openly hire workers who will carry the buckets of the solution to the desired level. Technologically, the process is as follows.

First knead the more liquid solution. The ratio of bulk standard: 2 parts of sand and 1 cement and rubble. The cement is taken by the brand of at least 400. The initial zacks must be slightly sour cream.

Sprupping is made to a height of up to 5 cm (if the thickness of the plate is designed to 15 cm), after which the concrete is connected to remove the air and stimulation of the filling of all cavities in it.

The second checker is made normal, thick consistency. As the solution is pouring, the solution must be sealing. If there is no vibrator, you can use the perforator. A broken, non-working boring with a cross section of 14-18 mm is located, rests on the bottom of the opalkeal frame, and the tool is turned on in the jackhamme. Some unexpected move, but believe me, very effective. Moreover, the seal can be carried out in parallel with the fill, which speeds up the work and makes the structure of concrete more homogeneous.

When the stove is flooded and compacted completely, it is covered with polyethylene, so that it does not too quickly - it causes the surface cracking and the drop in the quality of concrete, which means the overlap strength. Formwork, depending on the conditions (the difference in temperature, the presence or absence of rains, is strongly affected by the collection of concrete), you can remove in a week. there is people's way Determining the readiness of the plate: from the evening we put a piece of rubberoid on it, and in the morning check.

If a dark spot appeared under it - the solution has not yet grabbed. In general, the construction of the overlap is a little more complicated by the foundation equipment. If you have already done the basis on your own, you can safely do these works, since to fill the slab overlapping with your own hands you will be able to do without tension, and save a rather solid amount.