Tobacco cultivation is a multicomponent process that includes the cultivation of seedlings, the preparation of the soil, the seedlings transplantation, the selection of the right fertilizer, studying the peculiarities of the care set in open sad Plants, knowledge of the rules of the leaves of leaves and their subsequent storage. Compliance with these rules will allow the owner to get good harvest tobacco

For centuries, farmers and gardeners grown tobacco at home for personal use and sales. Although today the overwhelming majority of tobacco are grown and comes with large corporations, yet you can independently do this process, for this you need to get only by patience. Tobacco cultivation, although it is legitimate, but in terms of growing and care for this plant, this activity can be quite tense, so it is necessary to follow clear instructions for the cultivation of this culture so that you can get high-quality, and most importantly safe products, our own production.

So, it is necessary to know that tobacco leaves will grow almost on all types of soil. Tobacco is an extremely hardy plant. He will calmly grow where you define it. Quite calmly will exist with other agricultural crops. Tobacco will best grow, and please you with high-quality foliage on enriched organic fertilizers and nitrogen soils. It is worth noting that the quality of tobacco products will also depend on the structure of the soil itself, on which the plant will be redeemed. So on lighter soils, tobacco will give light tobacco products of light green color, while growing this culture in heavy soil, will reward you with a darker color of tobacco and the fortress of future raw materials.

To achieve the na the best results, Tobacco is grown in the measure of a wet and warm climatic zone.

Tobacco plant heat-loving, and requires constancy warm temperatures At least 3-4 months, between the cultivation period and harvesting. To achieve the best results, tobacco must ripen during the absence of heavy rains. Since the excess of moisture leads to a damage of the plant, the tobacco becomes thin and begins to root. An ideal temperature for tobacco growing is not lower than +20 and not higher than +30 degrees.

Cultivation of Tobacco seedlings

For effective growth Plants, tobacco need to be seized in specially cooked small containers, pots, with holes at the bottom, for good soil drainage. Seed seeds need to be sterile soil, self-cooked or purchased in a specialized store. Keep the plant moisturized, but preventing the stress of water, in a pot. So, seedling should be in the warm room, within 6 weeks from the moment of planting seeds, before it is planted in an open ground. During this time, your tobacco will grow and strengthen.

Soil for seedlings

Water the soil often to keep the soil wet, but not raw.

The soil on which tobacco is grown, should never completely dry.

• Be especially careful when watering, still young shoots, as the water pressure can snatch with the root of your tobacco and lead to the death of the plant.
• If possible, water the seedlings from the bottom. If you used flower pot With holes at the bottom, install the pot into the water container, without immersing completely. Leave it there, for a few seconds, in order for the soil to have a lively moisture, then pull out and give excess water to leave. So you can water the seedlings, without wetting the leaves and save the plant from diseases.

Transplant seedlings in a large capacity

Pere out your seedlings in a more spacious pot after three weeks.

By this time, your seedlings should be quite large for transplantation, in a more spacious pot, if you watered and cared for them correctly.

• The transplant seedlings in the capacity of greater volume will allow your tobacco to get a healthy and strong root system.
• In order to understand whether your seedlings are ready to transplant in another pot, try to capture them with your fingers if the stems are too thin and will not transfer transplantation by having to wait for the size of the seedling.
• Tobacco plants transplant with an open root system (without soil), directly seedl into open ground is more simple waySince it includes only one transplant. However, as soon as you put, a naked thorough seedling, it can go to the "transplant shock", and some or most of its biggest leaves will yellow and fade. A week later, the tobacco seedling will begin to gain strength, but it is better to avoid when transplanting shock states of plants. Since it will save you time and give a strong plant with a good root system.

When your seedlings are growing, fertilizers must be made.

Fertilizers should be sufficient, so that your plants become strong, before planting in open ground after about 3-4 weeks.

• If you have noticed that your seedlings begin to shut up or look quacks, one more fertilizer dose may be required. Do it wisely, as excessive use harms plants, and can burn tobacco roots.

Land preparation for seedlings

Prepare your land plot For plants transplantation.

Make sure the place allotted tobacco is sufficiently heated by the sun, the soil, well-drained and enriched with organic.

• The absence of a sufficient amount of sun rays is encouraged by plants on poor growth, and ultimately on death. Especially if you are going, tobacco use for the manufacture of cigars, worthy of the quality of the tobacco leaf on the shaded area you will not get.
• It is also necessary to check the pH level of your soil. Tobacco grows well on moderately acidic soilOtherwise, the plant will not give you a worthy tobacco raw material. The soil under the landing of tobacco should have a pH of 5.8. Weak growth and some of the quality of the leaves may occur if the pH of the soil is 6.5 and higher.
• Avoid when planting plants in open soil, infected soils. Nematodes that feed on tobacco immediately apply irreparable harm to the plant, they are quite difficult to destroy. Therefore, you should not neglect the prevention and treatment of soil with special means.

Tobacco Looking in Open Soil

Get the optimal distance between plants on the garden.

Planting tobacco in the open ground is better in the evening, or early in the morning so that the plant to manage to acclimatize to new temperature conditions. When planting plants from 20 centimeters, the distance between them should be at least half a meter. You can land tobacco as rows and in a checkerboard.

• Tobacco as a plant, not capricious, however, it is quite destructive for soil the fact that the depletion of the soil will be unequivocal. So if you do not want to ruin your garden plot, rationally alternate plants, observing the crop rotation on its land. And also carry out the annual enrichment of the soil, both organic feeders and nitrogen-containing.
• After tobacco, corn or legumes can quietly, with due preparation of the soil. And the plot will not be empty, at the time of rest from Tobacco.

Features of care

You need to water your young plants daily, but preventing the stress of water.

After the tobacco is growing, watering can be cut, and water plants three times a week to avoid excessive saturation of soil moisture.

• Do not allow excessive dampness on your beds, it will lead to rooting roots and deterioration of the quality of tobacco leaves. If your plot is droughts, install the irrigation system. But achieve optimal moisturizing. This will prevent the soil from drying out and keeps the plants from death.
• During the rain, tobacco leaves collect moisture on the principle of the funnel, so watering at this time is optional.

Use for tobacco fertilizer with a low chlorine level, which contains only nitrogen in a nitrate form.

Fertilizers used for tomatoes, pepper, and potatoes are also suitable.

• Excessive feeding of plants will respond in the future a serious problem, as this can damage the roots. The choice of fertilizers, their quantities and destination will depend on the quality of your soil, the location of the site and climatic conditions.
• It is recommended to apply fertilizers and make feeding several times. Before planting tobacco and while flowering plants. After the tobacco inflorescences are removed, the feeders are not required.

It is necessary to break up tobacco inflorescences, immediately during flowering.

This operation allows you to obtain thicker stalks and leaves of the plant, and, accordingly, better products in the future.

• Removing inflorescences, will not be difficult, just tear the flowering or cut the scissors.
• Shortly after the tops are removed, the newly formed sinused kidneys must also be removed on each sheet. Remove them manually, otherwise they will reduce the yield and quality of tobacco exit.

Watch and take care of plants, carry out soil treatment from weeds.

It is necessary to produce intergreasing loosens for the best aeration of the soil and penetration of moisture to the root, as well as to glue the plants to strengthen the tobacco root system.

• Tobacco roots, develop quickly and root structure is quite extensive, with small hair-like additional roots, which grows close to the surface of the soil. Be careful when you make a weeding or loosening, as the penetration into the soil can damage the roots of the plant too deep.
• After 3 to 4 weeks after Tobacco landing, it is best to minimize the technical impact on seedlings and fight weeds, only manually.

Purchase special pesticides, in the form of sprays, to combat pests and tobacco diseases.

Ordinary tobacco pests are a tobacco facility, field slipping, tobacco trips and pathogens.

• Tobacco is infected with many various diseases. Preventive measures Can help in the fight against illness, but there is no guarantee that they will be effective, in a particular situation.
• To combat pathogens, such as rot and mold, there are a number of specialized funds that are applied to a young plant, protecting it from the attacks of the disease. Keep in mind that some pesticides are specially aimed to combat insects, while others simply kill the fungus, do not make a mistake in choosing and find the needy you need, which is most suitable for your situation.

Harvesting

Collect the harvest of tobacco leaves gradually, waiting for the full ripening of each of them.

Your plants will be ready for cleaning after 3-4 months after landing.

Drying Leaves Tobacco

Hang your tobacco leaves in a well ventilated, warm room with a low moisture threshold.

It is important, the temperature when drying the sheet should not fluctuate, decrease below +18 degrees and exceed the mark in +28. It can provoke uneven drying and spoil product quality.

Storage of tobacco

Storage of tobacco, is a very difficult process, since it is quite capricious.

A decent aroma and proper taste can be achieved only under the appropriate storage conditions, both tobacco and tobacco products. To determine the humidity of tobacco. It is necessary to smire a tobacco leaf, with a lack of humidity it will crush, and this cannot be allowed. Tobacco should not be like gunpowder, but also should not be wet.

For those who plan to store grown and cooked tobacco with their own hands for a long time, it is better to use glass jars, with a hermetic lid. Also you can purchase a special storage capacity and in specialized stores. In principle, you can use any suitable container, and even plastic packets with lightning. Tubacco storage tanks should be thoroughly rinsed, it is unacceptable for the presence of outsiders in them. Passing all the tobacco sealing rules and storage conditions, it can be kept up to 5 years, and over time, not only does not lose its fragrance and taste, but will still be saturated.

Currently, the cost and quality of products from the tobacco industrial production leaves much to be desired, so more and more entrepreneurs begin grow smoking tobacco seeds Alone, that brings them no small income.
In the recent past tobacco growing at home was profitable species Activities are not one generations of people living in the southern regions of Russia. However, the sellers of smoking tobacco gradually crowded large industrialists from the markets and markets at the expense of huge volumes and lower prices.
Currently, this business is relevant because consumers want to acquire high quality tobacco. Many smokers prefer fragrant tobacco grown in all the rules, and not shopping goods with incomprehensible filling and harmful additives.
Before starting to engage in this activity, you need to learn about all its features, including weather conditions necessary for growing aging, harvesting and drying.

Smoking Tobacco Varieties

The first thing to be done before starting to cultivate tobacco is to get acquainted with the variety of smoking tobacco varieties. In our strip, about 30-40 grades of tobacco plants are successfully cultivated, the most common of them are the trapezond, anniversary, ostolist, Kentucky Burley and Ternopil. The most famous varieties of Machorkas, grown in the middle and south strip of Russia, are considered to be the Pekhlis local and peckers 4, as well as the DRUMAN 4. Lastness of tobacco plants are mainly used for smoking, snuff and chewing purposes. Tobacco cigar varieties Characterized by a greater width of the sheet and its smooth structure. Papile varieties are considered a less valuable product, since the sheet of this plant does not differ in the large size of the sheet and smoothness, so they are most often crushed. These features of Tobacco varieties need to know in order to understand after collecting and drying the crop where to sell the goods.

Conditions for the cultivation of smoking tobacco from seeds

The main advantage of tobacco is that this plant is unpretentious and can be grown in different conditions climate, but it is best to deal with it in the warm regions of the country. In the open soil, Tobacco feels perfectly at air temperature from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. If it is not possible to do this activity in the southern lane of Russia, the problem with maintaining the necessary temperature mode Decides growing in greenhouses or heated premises.
When growing this culture, it is worth considering that it is demanding not only to heat, but also watering. Tobacco is best grown on light sandy soils saturated with moisture. The best soils under the tobacco consider chernozem, loamy, sandy, who are rich in lime, potassium and nitrogen. Tobacco is cultivated on fresh soils or fall with other plants to obtain a more fragrant variety.
To understand how to start this business should also carefully examine the issue of product cultivation technology. Only observing all the rules and stages technological process You can grow high-quality smoking tobacco.

Cultivation of tobacco seeds video:

Sowing Seed Machorkas and Plant Care

Sowing seeds of smoking plants can not be carried out directly into open soil, they are characterized by a low germination and inconsistency of diseases. To solve this problem, it is necessary to carry out the cultivation of tobacco seeds or mahorka in closed warm conditions. Best for this purpose are boxes or pots, put on the window sill on the south side. The cultivation of the seed can also be produced in a greenhouse, but before planting seeds in the ground, they must be soaked in a day in wine vinegar or acid. This operation allows you to increase seed germination by 10-30%. Seed landing produce closer to Mart in pots or a greenhouse with a prepared soil containing 1/4 of sand and 3/4 of the Earth. Regularly feed and water shoots.

In April or May, seedlings must be transferred to open ground. At this time, the plant already has a stalk with a thickness of 0.5-0.8 cm, and its height reaches up to 15-20 cm. Healthy and strong plant easily tolerates transplant and has high resistance to night and daytime temperatures.
Seedlings are stirred by rows, the distance between the plants should be at least 25 cm. After landing, the land is good to shed clean water. While the seedlings will gain growth, the rows are constantly jammed from weeds, loose and feed. Watering should be rare, but high quality. So, for the entire period, smoking plants watered 2-4 times, but abundantly, at least 5-8 liters of water under each bush. When Tobacco and Machorka will begin to give flowers, they need to be pausing.
After 120 days, a tobacco harvest can be collected, and Machorca ripens faster - in 70 days.

Start harvesting from the lower leaves, which began to yellow. Drying is carried out in three stages. First, the leaves are placed with a layer of 20-30 cm and give them to be in the shade for 12 hours. After that, the leaves are harvested on the cords in the rain-protected, they have a good place. It is best for this canopy outdoors or a terrace. Usually pre-drying takes about two weeks. After the expiration of the shoelace with the leaves are removed and transferred to a closed room, where the leaves are dried to autumn.

After drying, it is necessary to produce fermentation, thanks to which, tobacco is obtained high-quality and more odor. The leaf ohacks are stacked in the container, heat up to 40-60 degrees and withstand several days at the same time, maintaining the humidity of 60-70 percent. Then gradually, for several days, the leaves are cooled, and reduce humidity. At the end of the fermentation process, the leaves must "relax" within 30 days. Only after all these procedures, Tobacco will be considered ready.
Wearing a business for the manufacture and sale of tobacco products, it is worth remembering that this activity is governed by legislation, for all rules, the selling products must have excise and appropriate sales permit. Therefore, before selling sales, you must prepare the appropriate papers.

Calculate the payback of business on the cultivation of smoking tobacco or Machorkas is quite difficult, it can be from several months to 2-3 years. Everything will depend on the cost of the entrepreneur for the preparation and purchase of raw materials, as well as from the positive dynamics of sales growth.
In any case, businessmen from ten hectare collect 200-400 kilograms of the finished tobacco. At a wholesale price of up to 2000 rubles per kilogram of tobacco, you can upload up to 800 thousand rubles. Machorka will cost an entrepreneur a little cheaper, since the average cost of this product is 400-500 rubles per kilogram in the wholesale market, this means that the revenue will be 4 times less than from smoking tobacco.

Common information about the dangers of smoking is unlikely to serve as an incentive for the purchase of tobacco products. But few know that the tobacco grown in all the rules not only does not provide a serious danger to the body of an adult, but in some cases a useful effect on the organism of the smoker. Medicine for a long time is established that this plant contributes to a decrease in the level of "harmful" cholesterol and blood glucose, relieves pain in diseases gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular diseases, has a disinfectant property and improves rehabilitation processes in the body. The above-mentioned tobacco properties are also a weighty argument to start growing this unique plant for the purpose of resale.

It's not difficult to grow, knowing some secrets. It will be more difficult with its post-harvest processing.

This article will talk about how to grow at home.

Tobacco Grade for Homemade

Consider the most famous tobacco varieties for smoking, the cultivation of which is easy to implement at home:

Growing

Consider how to grow tobacco at home. First you need to germinate, grow and prepare.

Preparation of soil

Loose and fertile land is considered the best option For tobacco growth. Seedlings to grow well in. Before sowing seeds prepare, cleaning from. And also fall asleep the nutrient layer with a thickness of 10 cm from sand (4 parts) and (3 parts).

Seeding

Seeds better use sprouted. Therefore, about 4 days before sowing, they must be soaked in fabrics in warm water. It is recommended to add wine acid or leave one day. Thanks to this, the seeds germinate faster, and also increases yield.
After that, the seeds wash, removing surplus water, and put in a warm place to germinate. Used enameled dishesthat is not recommended to cover. The cloth must be periodically moistened. Approximately 4 days the seeds begin to label. Watch the sprout to be longer than seed - they can break. After most of the seeds conflict, they are dried to a bulk state, mixed with very small sand or humus.

Important!If there is no possibility to sow grocessed seeds immediately, then they can be stored for 1-2 days in the refrigerator at a temperature of + 1-2 ° C.

Sowing seeds

This procedure is as follows:

1. Before sowing, it is necessary to moisten the top layer using 1 l of water per square meter.
2. Seeds need to sow superficially. It is important to scatter them evenly - 4 g per 1 square meter.
3. Next, it is necessary to carefully press the seeds into the nutrient layer of about 3 mm.
4. Then watering should be made. It is necessary to do it carefully so that the seeds are not too deepened into the soil.
5. Temperature in should not exceed 20 ° C.

Growing seedlings

During the ripening of tobacco, it is necessary to produce three feeders using with a large content. The first time fertilize plants at the beginning of the ripening period, next subcord It is carried out in 15 days, and the third - 7 days after the second.

Trimming

Tobacco pruning includes topping and steaming.

Version - This is the deletion of inflorescences. Thereby nutrients will not be spent on flowering, but will go to the development of leaves.

After removal of flowers, additional side processes are actively growing. They also need to be deleted (pausing).

Diseases and pests

This plant may be sick or affected by insects:

• - The data eaten the leaves, which is very dangerous for tobacco. For the prevention of the appearance of TRIPS, it is necessary 30 days before the tobacco landing to treat the soil with a hexachlorian dust. Also, 3 times per season should handle bushes "Rogor" or "Metaton";
• - Adhesive allocations appear on bushes. It is necessary to deal with the data necessary "Rogor" or;
• - Basically, seedlings are sick, but adult bushes can be affected. The leaves are withering and dry, and the roots die away if the disease is running. It is necessary to water the Land "Benstt" at the first symptoms of the disease. And for the prevention, the soil is treated with this drug immediately after disembarking tobacco;
• - The main stem is made thin and dies. The disease is manifested high humidity And when the nitrogen is re-published in the ground. In order to prevent seedlings sprinkled with an 80% solution of "ZINEBA";
• - on the leaves appears white raidsThe leaves will raise and their fragrance is lost. With this disease helps

At home, it's quite simple, as you may seem at first glance. The main thing is the desire to work and have 1.5-2 weaves in stock. This area is enough to ensure yourself tobacco for a year. But over time, your appetites can grow and then you will look in your capabilities.
I myself began to grow tobacco spontaneously. A friend asked to order him on the Internet tobacco seeds, as he was on "you" with the Internet. I thought and decided to order myself on a sample too. You can read about. And now I went to the sixth year, how I would grow tobacco on the garden for smoking and believe me, I never regretted it.

Pluses of home tobacco growing

Smoking your tobacco is much more pleasant than these store sticks with incomprehensible filler. Plus, you get an extensive field for experiments from various varieties Tobacco, a variety of mixtures of tobacco varieties, various sauces with which can be fermented by tobacco, i.e. here your fantasies are not limited.
And now she smoke his tobacco and making a sip of his home wine, testing bliss and sense of satisfaction.
I hope I convinced you to do this noble thing. You yourself will not regret. You will also receive savings of your budget, in today's prices for cigarettes, it will be significant.
If you have contracted to grow your tobacco, I offer you on the pages of this site to get acquainted with the description of my experience, and begin with.

Tobacco cultivation in the apartment

Perhaps or not? People ask the question. To be honest, nothing good with this idea is not to get, except for initial experience. No smoking qualities, but the bush himself, it looks cool in a pot and perfectly complements the interior.

Do you think to grove tobacco at home is difficult? Not at all, just read articles of this site, and most questions will disappear. Here the main thing is not to repeat other people's mistakes, although after reading these articles, the errors will still be, but not so global.

Questions will appear, ask in the comments or write to the mail.

Landing and planting a plant does not cause problems, even a novice home gardener will cope with such work. But the fermentation of the leaves is a process that is stretched for a long time, but if desired and you can cope with it.

Conditions necessary for growing smoking tobacco

The plant is unpretentious in care, but you should know that it loves heat and demanding to the selection of soil. From what setting was a seedling, the length and shade of leaves depends. Easy tobacco is grown in the ground, rich in the content of minerals. Like him and the presence of fresh air, so the air of the balcony, where it will grow, you need to ensure.

Temperature mode. 25-28 degrees - perfect temperatureat which the plant is fully developed. Too cool air can have a destructive effect on seedlings.

Lighting. In the warm season, when the temperature on the balcony reaches optimal indicators, plants feel excellent. It is suitable for them and the amount of light that penetrates through the glazed frames.

Capacity. Often, tobacco is grown in greenhouses and greenhouses. In the conditions of the city apartment, where the temperature does not fall below 25 degrees, the volumetric boxes should be used for planting. Strong thickening is a signal to plant peer in more spacious containers.

Requirements for soil and feeding

Satisfying as it is impossible to be better suitable for growing fragrant tobacco. Before planting seeds, it is necessary to mix soil with potash and nitrogen fertilizers, but they may not be enough for the entire growing season. To fill the content of the useful substances, it is recommended to feed the plants with a divorced cow bird litter. If there is a need, the soil is lime.

Sanding for seeding seeds is prepared as follows: Garden soil is mixed with humus and sand in a 1: 2: 1 ratio and after falling asleep to the container moistened. The seedlings of the seedlings are carried out with a mixture of manure and superphosphate, the ingredients are bred by water to the state of the semi-liquid mass and watered the ground.

When inflorescences appear on the plant, it's time for leaf feeding. It is prepared from the onion husk or tincture of garlic poles. The following two treatments (all three of them) are made with an interval of seven days.

Preparation of seeds and formation of a plant

You can increase the germination of the sowing material by soaking it. To do this, take the flaps of the fabric, moisten it with an antiseptic solution and wrap the seeds. After a day, they need to rinse, decompose on a flat plate and cover with a damp cloth. The dishes put in a bright place where the temperature does not fall below 25 degrees.

After the appearance of sprouts, the seeds are planted into the ground. It is important to prevent the formation of too long shoots, otherwise the plant is badly taken for and will be poorly developed.

Prication of seedlings are carried out after the appearance of four leaves. First, it is plentifully watered and each seedling is transferred to a separate pot. It is important to save an earthen one around the root system, so the plant will experience less stress when transplanting. In the soil, make a deep well, pour it with water and sprinkle the earth. Carefully transfer tobacco and gradually sprinkle the roots with dry soil.

As soon as the plant blooms, its forming begins. Extra shoots and inflorescences are removed so that all nutrients get the leaves, for the sake of obtaining which the whole process has been treated.

How to hang seeds and care for seedlings?

Since the germination of the sowing material is maintained for several years, it can be used for a long time. Old seeds board at the same speed as fresh, most importantly, to close them in the ground.

If the tobacco falls on the seedlings, which is then transferred to open ground, then it is necessary to observe the period of development of the plant and start recording, 43-45 days after the appearance of germs. In the drawer filled with the prepared substrate, scatter on the surface of the seeds, after which it is slightly pressing them with a finger to a depth of no more than 0.8 cm. Watering so that it does not blur, and the sowing material is not penetrating deeper than the rules.

The appearance of early shoots is possible when sowing already germinated seeds, in this case, seedlings regenerates a week earlier. The container in which plants is planned, put on the windowsill and follow the temperature, it should be at the level of 25 degrees.