From the book "My first experiments."

The volume of lungs

For experience needed:

adult assistant;
big plastic bottle;
Tase for washing;
water;
plastic hose;
beaker.

1. How much air can do your lungs? To find out this, you will need an adult help. Fill the pelvis and bottle with water. Ask an adult to keep the bottle upside down under water.

2. Insert the plastic hose in the bottle.

3. Deeply inspired and hit the hose with all my might. Bottles will appear in the bottle. Jasch hose, as soon as the air in the lungs will end.

4. Remove the hose and ask your assistant, closing the neck of the bottle with palm, turn it into the correct position. In order to find out how much gas you exhaled, fill the water into a bottle with a measuring cup. Look how much water will need to add.

Call rain

For experience needed:

adult assistant;
refrigerator;
Electric kettle;
water;
Metal spoon;
saucer;
Tag for hot.

1. Put the metal spoon in the refrigerator for half an hour.

2. Ask an adult to help you do an experiment from start to finish.

3. Skipping a full kettle of water. Put the saucer under the spout of the kettle.

4. Capture carefully bring the spoon to a pair that rises from the nose of the kettle. Finding on a cold spoon, steam condenses and spill "rain" on the saucer.

Make hygrometer

For experience needed:

2 identical thermometer;
wool;
Round rubber bands;
Empty cup of yogurt;
water;
Big cardboard box without cover;
spoke.

1. Protested with a needle two holes in the wall of the box at a distance of 10 cm from each other.

2. Obnni two thermometers with the same amount of wool and custody with rubber bands.

3. Each thermometer tie from above with elastic band and grinding rubber in holes at the top of the box. Losen to rubber loops the needles, as shown in the figure, so that the thermometers hung freely.

4. Under one thermometer, attach a cup with water so that the water wet the wool (but not the thermometer).

5. Compare the thermometers at different times of the day. The larger the temperature difference, the less air humidity.

Call cloud

For experience needed:

transparent glass bottle;
hot water;
ice Cube;
Dark blue or black paper.

1. Carefully fill the bottle of hot water.

2. After 3 minutes, the water plowed, leaving a little at the bottom itself.

3. Put on top of the neck of an open bottle of ice cube.

4. Put on a bottle sheet of dark paper. Where the hot air rises from the bottom in contact with the cooled air at the neck, a white cloud is formed. The water vapor contained in the air is condensed, forming the cloud of the smallest water drops.

Under pressure

For experience needed:

transparent plastic bottle;
big bowl or deep tray;
water;
coins;
strip of paper;
pencil;
line;
Adhesive tape.

1. Fill up a bowl and a bottle of water to half.

2. Draw on a paper strip scale and glue it to a bottle of adhesive tape.

3. Put on the bottom of the bowl of two or three small stacks of coins so that you can install the neck of the bottle. Thanks to this, the neck of the bottle will not rest in the bottom, and water will be able to flow freely from the bottle and fall into it.

4. Shut up the neck of the bottle with a thumb and carefully install a bottle of coins upside down.

Your water barometer will allow you to observe the change in atmospheric pressure. When pressure grows, the water level in the bottle will rise. When the pressure drops, the water level will drop.

Make a air barometer

For experience needed:

bank with a wide throat;
balloon;
scissors;
Round elastic;
drinking straw;
cardboard;
a pen;
line;
Adhesive tape.

1. Cut the air ball and tight tight on the jar. Screw with a rubber band.

2. Bashes the end of the straw. The second end of the glue to the tensioned ball with adhesive tape.

3. Draw a scale on a cardboard card and put the cardboard at the end of the arrow. When the atmospheric pressure is growing, the air is compressed in the jar. When it falls, the air expands. Accordingly, the arrow will move along the scale.

If the pressure rises, the weather will be good. If falls - bad.

What gases consists of air

For experience needed:

adult assistant;
glass jar;
candle;
water;
coins;
Large glass bowl.

1. Ask an adult to light the candle and drop on the bottom of the paraffin bowl to secure the candle.

2. Carefully fill the bowl of water.

3. Cutting a candle with a can. Under the bank, lay the stacks of coins so that its edges were only slightly lower than the water level.

4. When all oxygen in the bank is unwind, the candle will go out. Water will rise, taking the volume where he used to be oxygen. So you can see that there are about 1/5 (20%) oxygen in the air.

Make a battery

For experience needed:

durable paper towel;
Food foil;
scissors;
copper coins;
salt;
water;
two isolated copper wires;
Little light bulb.

1. Solvent in water a little salt.

2. Mow paper towel and foil on squares slightly larger coins.

3. Wet paper squares in salty water.

4. Put on each other in a pile: a copper coin, a piece of foil, a piece of paper, again a coin, and so on several times. From above, the stacks should be paper, down - coin.

5. The exposed end of one wire will be drunk under a stack, the second end of the attachment to the light bulb. One end of the second wire is put on a stack from above, the second is also attached to the light bulb. What happened?

"Sunny" fan

For experience needed:

food foil;
Black paint or marker;
scissors;
adhesive tape;
threads;
Large clean glass jar with lid.

1. Cut from foil two strips of approximately 2.5x10 cm each. One side float with a black marker or paint. Make in the strips of the slot and insert them alone to another, bending the ends, as shown in the picture.

2. Using a thread and adhesive tape to cover the solar panels to the lid of the cans. Put the jar in a sunny place. The black side of the strips is heated stronger than the brilliant. Due to the temperature difference, the difference in the air pressure will arise, and the fan will start rotating.

What color sky?

For experience needed:

glass glass;
water;
tea spoon;
flour;
White paper or cardboard;
flashlight.

1. Stir half a teaspoon flour in a glass of water.

2. Put the glass on white paper and sleep on it a flashlight from above. Water seems light blue or gray.

3. Now put the paper behind the glass and sleep on it. Water seems pale orange or yellowish.

The smallest particles in the air, like flour in water, change the color of the light rays. When the light falls on the side (or when the sun is low above the horizon), the blue color is dissipated, and the eyes see an excess of orange rays.

Make a mini microscope

For experience needed:

small mirror;
plasticine;
Glass glass;
aluminium foil;
needle;
adhesive tape;
a drop of ox;
Little flower

1. A glass lens is used in the microscope for refractiveness of the beam of light. A drop of water can perform this role. Establish a mirror at an angle on a piece of plasticine and a glass of a glass.

2. Lock aluminum foil harmonica, so that a multi-layer strip is. In the center carefully do a small hole with a needle.

3. Heaned foil over a glass, as shown in the figure. Edges of the custody with adhesive tape. The tip of the finger or needle the cape water on the hole.

4. Put a small flower or another small item on the bottom of the glass under the water lens. The homemade microscope can increase it almost 50 times.

Call lightning

For experience needed:

metal baking sheet;
plasticine;
plastic bag;
Metal fork.

1. A large piece of plasticine in front of the knob so that the handle turned out. Now do not touch the man myself - only to the handle.

2. Holding a baking sheet behind a plasticine handle, three of its circular movements about the package. At the same time, a static electrical charge is accumulated on the contrary. The baking sheet should not go beyond the edges of the package.

3. Slightly raising baking sheets above the package (still holding a plasticine handle) and bring to one corner of the fork teeth. Iskra slipping from the opposition to the fork. That is how zipper jumps from the cloud to the threshing.

Pour water into the glass, be sure to the edge itself. Cover the sheet of thick paper and gently holding it, very quickly turn the glass upside down. Just in case, do it all over the pelvis or in the bathroom. Now remove the palm ... focus! Still remain in the glass!

Business in the pressure of atmospheric air. Air pressure on paper Outside more pressure on it from the inside of a glass and, accordingly, does not allow paper to release water from the tank.

Rene Rene Descartes or Pipette-Diver

This entertaining experience is about three hundred years. He is attributed to the French scientist Rene Descarte.

You will need a plastic bottle with a plug, pipette and water. Fill the bottle, leaving two or three millimeters to the edge of the neck. Take the pipette, type a little water into it and lower the bottle into the neck. It should be your top rubber end to be at the level or just above the level in the bottle. At the same time you need to achieve, so that the pipette pippet is immersed with a finger, and then herself slowly pops. Now close the cork and squeeze the bottle. Pipette will go to the bottom of the bottle. Loosen the pressure on the bottle, and it will pop up again.

The fact is that we slightly squeezed the air in the neck of the bottle and this pressure passed the water. penetrated the pipette - it became harder (as water is heavier than air) and drowned. With the termination of the pressure, the compressed air inside the pipette removed the excess, our "diver" became easier and surfaced. If you do not listen to "diving" at the beginning of the experience, it means that it is necessary to adjust the amount of water in the pipette. When the pipette is located on the bottom of the bottle, it is easy to trace, as from the enhancement of a pressure on the walls of the bottle enters the pipette, and when you weaken the push it comes out of it.

Children are great solar times. In nature itself, they are aimed at knowledge of the world, and until a certain age, the world is ready to give them discoveries every day. Children are ready for the most risky experiences for answering questions "How?", "Why?", "What will happen?". We, parents, from fears for their safety and security of the surrounding children of items, try to limit the flight of their fantasies, especially when it comes to preschoolers and 7-8 years.

Save this curiosity and torture is very important, it is this feature that will bring the child and deep knowledge, and the ability to realize them. Entertaining experiences Calculate the child consciously read the textbooks of physics or chemistry, in the desire to understand and explain the results of the experiment.

Therefore, responsible parents seek to support children in this effort to open chemical, physical, biological and other laws. Catching demand, stores offer to buy different children's kits to conduct experiments and experiments for children of 7-8 years at home.

You can buy these sets, but many funny and interesting scientific experiences may well hold with parents themselves, creating the necessary sets from undergraduate funds at home. At home, you can make experiments in chemistry, physics, biology. Only with Coca-Cola you can make at least 10 experiments. The main thing to teach young researchers safety rules.

Most of the experiments and experiments for children about which parents can read and offer to the kids for practice are completely safe. But many children at 8, and even more than 10 years, are already free enough to find video on the Internet, where the guys have a little older demonstrate their experiments, and not all of them, even with Coca-Cola, are safe for beginner.

And maybe your young researcher will solve the chemical experience of its own development. Therefore, the number one rule, which, above all, you need to teach children is to coordinate the upcoming scientific experiments with adults.

• Before you do, carefully read the instructions for carrying out experience. All sold sets are equipped with them.
• The place for experiments should be carefully chosen and well prepared. Remove all unnecessary, especially combustible materials and fragile items. There should be enough light, not far from water, and the possibility of venting.
• Careful handling of fire, hot or sharp objects.
• Use separate dishes for experiments. After use, it is thoroughly washed and removed.
• Not to take anything in your mouth, do not taste and not indulge with the products used or received.
• If the hands were dirty, immediately wash them, so as not to rub the face and the eyes with dirty hands.
• Do not bend close to the place of the experiment to splashes, sparks, etc. did not hit the skin or eyes.
• At the end of the experience, everything is carefully removed, my hands, if necessary - do the room.
• Used liquids gently pour into the sink, turning on cold waterso that she diluted it.

But still simple experiments with fire or chemicals, even those common at home as vinegar, children should only be done under an adult supervision.

Experiments for children! Experiment for children №1 - Rainbow water

Boat on soap engine

For this experience you will not have to buy complex sets. Enough water, liquid soap and plastic corner. Cut from angle or film with scissors cut out a triangular boat with a slot and a round hole in the middle. This is quite forces for children of 7-8 years. Then the resulting boat is lowered into a vessel with water and dripped liquid soap into the hole. The boat begins to move quickly on the water. And so after each drop of soap.

Experience with Gazirovka

This simple and fun experience will help attract the attention of children to such concepts from physics as density, volume and weight. For him, special sets are needed, it is enough to buy a few identical in volume metal jars with gas production. For example, buy "sprite", "Coca-Cola", "Pepsi" and "Phanti", and ask the child the question: "What happens to them, if you lower them into the water? Drown or not? ".

You can even bet on how the next bank will behave. Then carefully lower the jars into the container with water and observe. Some cans fall on the bottom, and others float in it. Although the child 7 or even 10 years old does not teach physics or chemistry, but this visual experience will help me to remember that items with the same volume can have a different weight, different density.

Paper cover

This scientific experience Looks like a focus. We take a glass of water, pour water into it, press the sheet of thick paper on top and gently turn the glass. Water does not pour out! The paper remains pressed to the glass, like glued. Explanation of the secret of this experiment is that the paper presses the air.

Homemade rainbow with water and mirrors

You can please the children, giving them to feel the wizard, creating the Rainbow itself. To do this, the child is a small mirror immerses into the water and directs the light of the flashlight. On the white list Papers are reflected and here it is a rainbow!

Rene Rene Descartes or Pipette-Diver

Believe that this interesting experiment The first made a physicist and a 16th century mechanic from France Rene Descart. To repeat his experience exactly, we will not, because today there are plastic bottles. In one of them, we recruit the water to almost the very edges and lower the pipette there. Pipette is pre-slightly gaining water, so that it melted is immersed in a bottle, with its upper rubber ending a little out of the water.

Close the bottle and squeeze it. Pipette goes to the bottom. Let the Bottle Bottle - Pipette pops up. When squeezing the bottle, the water pressure in it increases, and it penetrates the pipette. She becomes hard and goes to the bottom. Pressure is weakening, and the air pushes the water, the pipette again becomes easier and pops up.

From glass to glass

Such an experiment can be made even a baby for 5 years. One glass is filled with water and the tissue strip is immersed in it, the second edge of which goes into an empty glass. It puts a little lower than the complete, and gradually water over the fabric flows from the full in empty.

Experience with Coca-Cola

Internet full video, where the guys spend a variety of experiences with Coca-Cola. Such experiments can be found 10, and 20. Sugar, Mentos candy, soda, or salt, milk and dry ice are added to Coca-Cola and look at the result. With a child of 8 - 10 years old, you can create a volcano from Coca-Cola.

For this high glass or small plastic bottle Insert into a paper dark cone that will depict volcano. We put the volcano in the pelvis. In the vessel half pour Coca Coke and throw the Candy "Mentos". Then we admire the eruption of the volcano from the foam fountain. The fountain from our volcano will be even higher, if instead of candy in Coca Cola add soda.

Experiment Naughty ball. Simple Bottle Experiments

Experiments at home is a great way to introduce children with the basics of physics and chemistry, and facilitate understanding of complex abstract laws and terms with a visual demonstration. Moreover, they do not need to be bought by expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without thinking, we spend experiences every day at home - from the addition of hazed soda to the dough before connecting the batteries to the flashlight. Read further to find out how easy it is easy and safe to carry out interesting experiments.

Chemical experiments at home

Immediately in the head there is an image of a professor with a glass flask and sealing eyebrows? Do not worry our chemical experiments At home is completely safe, interesting and helpful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what ex- and endothermic reactions are and what the difference between them.

So let's make the hatching eggs of a dinosaur who successfully can be used as a bathroom bomb.

For experience needed:

• little dinosaur figures;
• baking soda;
• vegetable oil;
• lemon acid;
• food dye or liquid watercolor paints.

The procedure for conducting experience

1. Pull ½ cup of soda in a small bowl and add about ¼ h. L. Liquid paints (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food dye in ¼ h. water), mix the soda with your fingers to get uniform color.
2. Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix the dry components thoroughly.
3. Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
4. You must get the crumbly dough, which is barely sticking when pressed. If it does not want to stick together at all, then add to ¼ h. Oils until they achieve the desired consistency.
5. Now take the dinosaur figure and take the dough in the shape of an egg. It will be very fragile at the beginning, so it should be postponed for the night (at least 10 hours) so that it hardened.
6. Then you can proceed to a fun experiment: type water in the bathroom and throw an egg to it. It will be fiercely hiding, dissolving in water. When touching it will be cold, since it is an endothermic reaction between acid and alkali, with the absorption of heat from the environment.

Please note that the bathroom can become slippery due to the addition of oil.

Elephant Toothpaste

Experiments at home, whose result can be fascinated and touched, very much like children. These include this funny project that ends with plenty of dense lush colored foam.

For his holding, you will need:

• safety glasses for a child;
• dry active yeast;
• warm water;
• hydrogen peroxide 6%;
• dishwashing detergent or liquid soap (not antibacterial);
• funnel;
• plastic sequins (necessarily non-metallic);
• food colorings;
• a bottle of 0.5 l (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom, for great stability, but the usual plastic is suitable).

The experience itself is extremely simple:

1. 1 tsp. Dry yeast to dive into 2 tbsp. l. Warm water.
2. In a bottle, put in the sink or dishes with high sideboards, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, droplet of dye, sequins and some dishwashing fluid (multiple pages on the dispenser).
3. Insert the funnel and pour yeast. The reaction will start immediately, so act quickly.

The yeast act as a catalyst and accelerate the release of hydrogen peroxide, and when gas interacts with soap, it creates a huge amount of foam. This is an exothermic reaction, with heat isolation, so if you touch the bottle after the "eruption" stops, it will be warm. Since hydrogen immediately disappears, it remains just a soap foam with which you can play.

Experiments on physics at home

Do you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very low. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children a battery and a closed electrical circuit.

For the experiment, you will need:

• lemons - 4 pcs.;
• galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
• small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
• alligator clamps with short-length wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
• small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.

May there be light

Here's how to spend experience:

1. Ride on a solid surface, then slightly squeeze the lemons so that they let the juice inside the skins.
2. Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Place them on the same line.
3. Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail, and the other to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all fruits are interconnected.
4. When you finish, you have to stay one 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
5. Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and nail (minus) to the plus and minus the lantern. Thus, the chain of the connected lemons is a battery.
6. Turn on the light bulb that will work on the energy of fruit!

To repeat such experiments at home will also fit potatoes, especially green.

How it works? Lemon acidcontained in lemon, react with two multiple metalsthat makes the ions move in one direction, creating electricity. This principle employs all chemical sources of electricity.

Summer fun

It is not necessary to stay in the room to carry out some experiments will be better held on the street, and it will not be necessary to clean it on their completion. These include interesting experiences At home with air bubbles, not simple, but huge.

To make them need:

• 2 Wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and growth of the child);
• 2 metal screwing ears;
• 1 metal washer;
• 3 m cotton cord;
• bucket with water;
• any deterioration - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.

Here is how to spend spectacular experiences for children at home:

1. Screw metal ears into the ends of sticks.
2. Cut the cotton cord into two parts, length 1 and 2 m. You can definitely not adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion 1 to 2 is preserved between them.
3. On a long piece of rope, put on the puck so that it savs evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the ears on sticks, forming a loop.
4. In a bucket with water, stir a small amount of detergent.
5. Neatly immersing loop on chopsticks in liquid, start blowing out giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, gently reduce the ends of two sticks together.

What is the scientific component of this experience? Explain to children that bubbles are kept due to the surface tension - the attraction force that holds the molecule of any liquid together. Its action is manifested in the fact that the spilled water is assembled in drops that seek to gain a spherical shape, as the most compact of all existing in nature, or in the fact that water, when pouring, is collected in cylindrical flows. In the bubble layer of fluid molecules on both sides, clamped with soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble, and do not allow it to quickly evaporate. While the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder, as soon as they are sick - she strives for spherical shape.

These experiences at home can be held with children.

Who loved at school laboratory works in chemistry? Interesting, because it was to mix something with something and get a new substance. True, it did not always work as described in the textbook, but on this occasion, no one suffered, isn't it? The main thing is that something happened, and we saw it right in front of ourselves.

If in real life you are not a chemist and do not encounter much more complex experiences every day at work, then these experiments that can be held at home, you will definitely have at least at home.

Lava lamp

For experience you need:
- transparent bottle or vase
- Water
- Sunflower oil
- Food coloring
- Several epiryt pills "Supratin"

We mix water with food dye, pour sunflower oil. You do not need to mix, but you will not work. When a clear line is visible between water and oil, throw a pair of "Supratin" tablets into the container. We look at the streams of lava.

Since the oil density is below the water density, it remains on the surface, with a hinting tablet creates bubbles that wear water to the surface.

Elephant Toothpaste

For experience you need:
- bottle
- Small Cup
- Water
- detergent for dishes or liquid soap
- Hydrogen peroxide
- high-speed food yeast
- Food coloring

We mix in a bottle of liquid soap, hydrogen peroxide and food dye. In a separate cup, we dilute the yeast with water and pour the resulting mixture into the bottle. We look at the eruption.

Yeasts isolated oxygen, which reacts with hydrogen and pushed outward. Dense mass is obtained due to soapy foam, erupting the bottle.

Hot Ice

For experience you need:
- Capacity for heating
- Transparent glass glass
- Plate.
- 200 g of food soda
- 200 ml of acetic acid or 150 ml of its concentrate
- Crystalized Sol

Mix the acetic acid and soda in a saucepan, waiting when the mixture stops hissing. We turn on the stove and evaporate the extra moisture until an oily film appears on the surface. The resulting solution is transferred to clean tank and cool up room temperature. After that, add the crystal of soda and we look at how the water "freezes", and the container becomes hot.

Heated and mixed vinegar and soda form sodium acetate, which when melting becomes aqueous solution of sodium acetate. When the salt is added to it, it begins to crystalize and highlight heat.

Rainbow in milk

For experience you need:
- Milk
- Plate
- Liquid food dye multiple colors
- cotton wand
- detergent

Pour milk into a plate, drip dyes in several places. Wash your cotton wand in a cleaning agent, omit in a plate with milk. We look at the rainbow.

In the liquid part there is a tire of the tape of fat, which in contact with detergent split and rushed from the entered sticks in all directions. And the correct circle is formed due to superficial tension.

Smoke without fire

For experience you need:
- hydroperite
- Analgin
- mortar and pestle (can be replaced by a ceramic cup and a spoon)

The experiment is best done in a well-ventilated room.
Grinding the pills of hydroperite to the powder, do the same with the analgin. We mix the resulting powders, we wait a little, look what happens.

During the reaction, hydrogen sulfide, water and oxygen are formed. This leads to partial hydrolysis with the cleavage of methylamine, which interacts with the hydrogen sulfide, the suspension of its small crystals of which resembles smoke.

Pharaoh Snake

For experience you need:
- Calcium gluconate
- Dry fuel
- matches or lighter

We put on a dry fuel, a few tablets of calcium gluconate, ignite. We look at the snakes.

Calcium gluconate decomposes when heated, which leads to an increase in the volume of the mixture.

Nengeton liquid

For experience you need:

- bowl for mixing
- 200 g corn starch
- 400 ml of water

Gradually add water to starch and stir. Try to make the mixture become homogeneous. Now try rolling the bulb from the resulting mass and keep it.

The so-called Nengeton liquid under rapid interaction behaves like a solid, and with slow - as a liquid.