House with an attic is not only an additional living area, but also a respectable kind of building. Even if the room under the roof is made unheated and used only in summer time, It still creates a powerful "airbag", which helps to delay heat inside the capital all the construction.

A mansard roof with her own hands, in principle, can be built, but only with the help of an experienced, knowledgeable master, as it is a rather complicated and massive design.

Dersighted room can be arranged under different types Roofs, but the most popular are the double or broken design. According to the scheme of its structure, they differ somewhat among themselves.

To determine which of the designs is more suitable for a particular home and will be easier to install, you need to consider both of these most used options.

In addition, the master who will build a attic should figure out which of two existing species Designs rafter system choose.

Any roof refers to one of the two types of rafting systems - it is a hanging and urban design. Each of them has its own feature, and which one to choose - will depend on how the bearing walls of the structure are located.

Hanging design

The hanging construct is called the system of rafters, which relies only on the extreme capital walls. This happens when the building is in addition external walls At home, there are no more capital partitions.

This design can only be used if there will be no more than 8 meters between the two capital walls, since this system gives a greater load on the foundation of bearing walls.

To weaken this load, in the hanging system, various elements are used, such as grandmothers and tightening, riglels and sorts.

For example, a scroll, as if tighten the beams of overlapping to the rafter legs, and the grandmother hangs the tightening to the skate compound.

In the hanging system, it is used for the beams of overlapping quite thick bars or dyed logs installed on the edge. Their cross section should be at least 100 × 200 mm. So as not to be mistaken in parameters, as the floor in dersighted room Must be very reliable, recommended calculations to charge to make a specialist.

Do you build a naked roof with your own hands?

System

In contrast to the hanging system, the utility is held not only on two external bearing walls, but also on the capital partitions that are installed on the foundation. Therefore, by planning the construction of the attic, we need to think over the design of the foundation in advance if its belt option is satisfied, on which capital partitions will be erected. The utilization system is ideal for the device under the attic, as it can withstand significantly loads than the suspension option. It gives a reliable foundation for the beams of overlapping, and hence - and for the floor of the attic.

If you build a broken version dersighted roofThe combined system of the roofing device can be used, i.e. The skate rafters are arranged in the form of a hanging system, and the side - on the ultimate type.

Types of roofs with mansard room

When building a house of brick or units with an attic very often, its front side is immediately erected from the same material. It is very convenient because you do not have to calculate the parameters of these elements of the roof and collect them from bars, and then raise on the wall. However, it must be remembered that the walls of the structure should stand on on thea dejan foundation and have due thick thickness, since such a fronton gives a very large burden on the main structure.

If the attic will play the role of another floor of the house yearly, then a fronon wall is made of brick or foam blocks - it is perfect option I have created under the roof of the residential premises.

To mansard Rooms When the bartal roof had a normal height and spacious rooms, the angle of the roof rod should be approximately 45-50 degrees, depending on the width of the end of the structure. If you take an angle less - the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room will significantly decrease. An increase in the steepness of the rods will lead to an unjustifiably high roof, its weighting, greater sailness with a strong wind load, and overvaluum.

The installation of a duct roof is definitely easier than the broken design, as smooth rafters are used from the cutting of walls and to the skate, without any gears and additional connections. However, the broken design makes it possible to make rooms in this part of the house more spacious, and the ceilings are higher.

The broken system of rafters and in the calculations, and performed, and in the roofing flooring is much more complicated, but it not only creates a more spacious space under the roof, but also gives the whole structure solidity.

The complexity of the broken system consists in more sufficiently complex binding nodes. All ligaments must be made according to the existing rules - only in this case the roof will be arranged steadily and reliably.

With a broken system - a large number of Complex compounds of details

If the walls are built out of stone or brick, then, as in the first embarrassment, the frontal parts can be laid in advance, in the process of general laying. In this case, in order to create a rafter system, it will remain, listening to ready-made frontons, install intermediate rafters and retaining attachments to them.

Video: Slingelial roof slicing

Before purchasing and cooking material for any of the systems presented, it is necessary to draw up a design project with populated sizes - it will become the main guideling document for the preparation and assembly of all elements during the installation process.

In order for the article about double roof Last remained step by step instructions Step-by-step information on the attachment of rafters to Mauerlat we carried in a separate step-by-step technology — .

And about, then - read on our portal.

Draft Mansard

By constiting the scheme of the attic of the attic, it is best to do this in different projections to see and understand the placement of all elements of the solo system. It is very important to correctly calculate the height of the roof of the roof, as it will be directly dependent on it under it.

By making a scheme-project building of the attic roof, you need to calculate the height of the skate, ceiling and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

The minimum height from the floor to the skate should be 2.5- 2.7 m, but if this distance is less, the room is not an attic, it can only be called an attic. This parameter is set to SNiP standards.

In order for all the elements to be drawn up accurately and had the desired location in the overall system, it is necessary to repel from the shape with straight corners, that is, a rectangle or square - cross-section of the attached indoor room. Based on the parties (height and width of the future room), it will be almost impossible to make a mistake with the values \u200b\u200bof the corners under which The roofs are located, with the location of the skate, rafters and all retaining elements. Determining these parameters, they immediately need to be included in the drawing.

First you need to find the middle of the width of the front wall. Stripping from this point, the parameters of the height of the skate, the future ceiling of the attic, the location of the rack walls and the size of the cornese swelling are determined.

Due to the fact that each of the designs has a certain number of connecting nodes, which have different configurations, it will be not bad for each of these bundles separately to understand their singularities of the interface between themselves all the elements connecting at this point.

Any rafter system consists of basic elements and additional, which may not be in each design. The main components of the attic roof are related.

• Overlapping beams, which are the basis for the remaining elements of the rafter system. They fit on the capital walls of the structure.
• The sling foot, direct in the row roof system or consisting of two departments - in the broken diagram. In this case, the top rafter is called the Konkov, as it forms the highest roof point - konk, and rafters, forming the walls of the attic, are called side.
• The skating board or bar is a mandatory element for a two-tie roof, but not always applied when the roof broken model is appliance.
• Mauerlat is a powerful timber, fixing to the capital side walls of the structure. Throwing legs are installed on this element.
• Racks are the supporting elements necessary to strengthen the two-tie and broken design. In the latter case, the skate and side rafters are attached to it, and in the first - the rack is a reliable backup for a long rafter. In addition, the racks serve as a frame for insulation and the sheath of the nurse's walls.
• Diagonal binding elements or squeaks additionally fasten the racks or longitudinal beams and rafters, making the design more durable.
• The decking beams are used in all embodiments of the attic - they bind the racks, and they are a frame for the ceiling device.
• Interpartine runs are installed in the ruan of the roof for the stiffness of the structure.

To be sure that the project prepared is designed correctly, you need to show it a specialist. Only he can determine whether the attitresses of the attic to the width and the length of the wall walls are correct.

Video: Professional calculation of the attic roof with the help of special

Parameters of materials for the construction of an attic roof

If the graphic project is ready, then pushing out of the sizes made on it, you can calculate the number of materials necessary for the construction of the attic roof. You need to choose materials according to their characteristics that must meet the requirements of fire and environmental safety. For wood, it is necessary to provide special treatment with antipirens, which will reduce the flammability of the material. So, it will take for construction:

• Boards for rafting legs. Their section - is selected according to the results of special calculations - it will be described in more detail below.
• A timber having a cross-section in 100 × 150 or 150 × 200 mm - for the beams of overlapping, depending on the selected rafter system and widths between carrier walls, as well as for runs, diagonal legs or infants - if they are provided with the design.
• A timing segment from 100 × 150 mm or 150 × 150 mm for laying Maurolat.
• For racks, 100 × 100 or 150 × 150 mm are usually used.
• Unedged blackboard floorboard and some fasteners.
• Wire steel annealed with a diameter of 3- 4 mm - to bonded among themselves some details.
• Nails, bolts, brackets of different sizes, corners of various configurations and other fasteners.
• Metal sheet t Olchina at least 1 mm - for cutting overlaps.
• Lumber for crates and controls for roofing material - depending on the chosen type of roof.
• Insulation materials - for thermal insulation of the roof.
• Waterproofing and vaporizolation membranes.
• Roofing material and fasteners for it.

What section is required rafters

Rafters - elements of the roof, which will perceive the main external loads, therefore, they are completely special requirements for their cross section.

The size of the required lumber will depend on many parameters - from the step between the rapid legs, from the length of these legs between the points of the support, from the snow and wind load falling on them.

The geometric parameters of the construction of the rafter system is easy to determine in the drawing. But with the other parameters - you will have to refer to the reference material and conduct some calculations.

Snow load is not the same for different regions of our country. The figure below shows a map on which the entire territory of Russia is divided into zones on the intensity of snow load.

In total such zones - eight (the last, eighth, it is rather extreme, and it can be not considered for the construction of an attic roof).

Now you can accurately define a snow load that will depend on the corner of the roof of the roof. For this, there is the following formula:

S \u003d SG × μ

SG.- Table value - see the map and the table attached to it

μ — a correction coefficient depending on the roof ridge steepness.

• If the corner of the skate is - mene 25 °, then μ \u003d 1.0
• With steepness from 25 to 60 ° - μ \u003d 0.7
• If the roof is steeper 60 °, it is believed that the snow is not delayed on it, and the snow load is generally not taken into account.

It is characteristic that if the attic roof has a broken design, then the load may have different values \u200b\u200bfor different parts.

The angle of the covered roof can always be determined or transported - according to the drawing, or by a simple ratio of height and base of the triangle (as a rule - half of the width of the span):

Wind load also mainly depends on the building of the building and on the characteristics of its environment and the height of the roof.

And again, initial data on the map and the table attached to it are determined at first.

The calculation for a particular building will be carried out according to the formula:

WP \u003d W × K × C

W. - tabular value, depending on the region

k. - The coefficient, taking into account the height of the building and its location (see the table)

The table shows the following zones:

• zone A is an open area, steppes, forest-steppes, deserts, tundra or Ferusotundra, the winds of the coast of the seas, large lakes and reservoirs.
• zone B - territory of cities, woodland, terrain with frequent obstacles for wind, relief or artificial, not less than 10 meters high.
• zone IN - Dense urban building with medium highlights of buildings above 25 meters.

from - The coefficient depending on the preemptive direction of the wind (the roses of the winds of the region) and on the angle of inclination of the roof.

With this coefficient, the situation is somewhat more complicated, since the wind can have a double effect on the roof raids. So, it has a direct, overturning effect directly on the roofing rods. But at low angles, the aerodynamic effect of the wind takes particular importance - it is trying to raise the plane of the skate at the expense of the arising lift forces.

In the patterns of the circuits and the tables attached to them, the roofs susceptible to maximum wind loads are indicated and the corresponding coefficients are indicated for the calculation.

It is characteristic that at the corners of the slope up to 30 degrees (and this is quite possible on the site of the skate rafters), the coefficients are indicated and with a plus sign, and negative, that is, directed upwards. They are somewhat quenching the frontal wind load (this is taken into account during the calculations), and in order to organize the impact of the lifting forces, it will be necessary to very carefully fix the truck system and the roofing material on this site using additional bonds, for example, using an anneched steel wire.

After the wind and snow load are calculated, they can be summed up, and, given constructive features The system being created, determine the cross-section of the rafted boards.

Please note that the data is shown for the most frequently used coniferous material (pine, spruce, cedar or larch). The table shows the maximum length of the rafted between the points of the support, the cross section of the board depending on the types of material, and from the step between the rafters.

The value of the total load is indicated in the kPa (kilopascals). Calculate this value in more familiar kilograms per square meter - easy. With a completely allowable rounding, you can accept: 1 kPa ≈ 100 kg / m².

The size of the size of the board by its cross section is rounded to standard sizes sawn timber.

	cross section of rafted (mm)	Distance between adjacent rafters (mm)
		300	600	900	300	600	900
		1.0 kPa			1.5 kPa
higher	40 × 89.	3.22	2.92	2.55	2.81	2.55	2.23
	40 × 140.	5.06	4.60	4.02	4.42	4.02	3.54
	50 × 184.	6.65	6.05	5.28	5.81	5.28	4.61
	50 × 235.	8.50	7.72	6.74	7.42	6.74	5.89
	50 × 286.	10.34	9.40	8.21	9.03	8.21	7.17
1 or 2	40 × 89.	3.11	2.83	2.47	2.72	2.47	2.16
	40 × 140.	4.90	4.45	3.89	4.28	3.89	3.40
	50 × 184.	6.44	5.85	5.11	5.62	5.11	4.41
	50 × 235.	8.22	7.47	6.50	7.18	6.52	5.39
	50 × 286.	10.00	9.06	7.40	8.74	7.66	6.25
3	40 × 89.	3.06	2.78	2.31	2.67	2.39	1.95
	40 × 140.	4.67	4.04	3.30	3.95	3.42	2.79
	50 × 184.	5.68	4.92	4.02	4.80	4.16	3.40
	50 × 235.	6.95	6.02	4.91	5.87	5.08	4.15
	50 × 286.	8.06	6.98	6.70	6.81	5.90	4.82
total Snow and Wind Load		2.0 KPA			2.5 kPa
higher	40 × 89.	4.02	3.65	3.19	3.73	3.39	2.96
	40 × 140.	5.28	4.80	4.19	4.90	4.45	3.89
	50 × 184.	6.74	6.13	5.35	6.26	5.69	4.97
	50 × 235.	8.21	7.46	6.52	7.62	6.92	5.90
	50 × 286.	2.47	2.24	1.96	2.29	2.08	1.82
1 or 2	40 × 89.	3.89	3.53	3.08	3.61	3.28	2.86
	40 × 140.	5.11	4.64	3.89	4.74	4.31	3.52
	50 × 184.	6.52	5.82	4.75	6.06	5.27	4.30
	50 × 235.	7.80	6.76	5.52	7.06	6.11	4.99
	50 × 286.	2.43	2.11	1.72	2.21	1.91	1.56
3	40 × 89.	3.48	3.01	2.46	3.15	2.73	2.23
	40 × 140.	4.23	3.67	2.99	3.83	3.32	2.71
	50 × 184.	5.18	4.48	3.66	4.68	4.06	3.31
	50 × 235.	6.01	5.20	4.25	5.43	4.71	3.84
	50 × 286.	6.52	5.82	4.75	6.06	5.27	4.30

Instruments

Naturally, during operation, do not do without tools, the list of which includes:

• Electrode, screwdriver.
• Construction level and plumb, roulette, square.
• Ax, chisel, chisel, hammer
• Circular saw, electrolovka, hacksaw.
• Carpentry knife.

Installation will be accelerated if the tools for work are high-quality, and the work will be carried out with competent mentors, with assistants, neatly and stages.

Stages of mounting

It is necessary to strictly observe the sequence of performance of work - only with this condition, the design will be reliable and durable.

Mount Mauerlat.

Installation of any rafter system begins with fixing on the end of the side walls of the structure of a powerful reference bruus - MauerlatTo which it will be convenient to install rafting legs. Maurylalat is made of high-quality bar with a cross section of at least 100 × 150 mm. It is stacked necessarily on the heel of the wall (regardless of the material) waterproofing from the rubberoid.

Due to Mauerlat, the load will be evenly distributed over the walls and transmitted to the foundation of the stations.

Malelalat is fixed to the wall using metal studs, which are in advance in a concrete belt or a crown, which runs along the top edge of the wall, or an anchor bolt with a diameter of 12 mm. They must enter into the depths of no less than 150 — 170 mm. If Maurylalat is installed on wooden wall, then the bars are attached to it with the help of wooden brazing.

Installation of the rafter design

• Installation of the rafter system begins with setting overlap beams. They can be attached to Mauerlat from above, if the beams are planned to be taken out for the perimeter of the station and at the expense of this, to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe attic. In this design, rafter legs are fixed on the beams of overlapping.

Overlapping beams, fixed over Mauerlat (Fig. A)

• In another case, they can fit on waterproof Walls and mounted with a corner or brackets to the inside edge of Mauerlat. This option is called when the rafter legs are planned to be fixed directly to Mauerlat.

Another option - only rafting legs are attached to Mauerlat

• Next, you need to find the middle of the beam overlap, since this mark will become a guide to determine the location of the support racks and the skate.
• Racks must be located at the same distance from from the labeled middle beam overlap. They will continue to determine the location of the walls of the attic room, that is, its width.
• Bruks for racks should have a cross section equal to the size of the beam of overlapping. Mix construction sites to beams using special corners and wooden linings. However, to begin with, they first bent with nails, then thoroughly align with the help of a construction level and a plumb, and only then securely securely, with the calculation of future loads.

• When the first pair of racks is installed, they are bonded with each other, which is called the tightening. Such a tightening is also connected with racks with special metal corners.

• After fixing the tightening, the P-shaped structure will be obtained. Social rafters are installed on her sides, which the second end is attached to the ceiling beam or stacked on Mauerlat.
• On the installed supports for timber or in the rafter, a special recess (grooves) is muffled. With its use The rafters are tightly installed on the Mauerlat bar, and are attached with metal brackets.

• For the stiffness of the construction from the base of the rack to the middle of the installed side rafter, the sozer can be additionally installed. If it seems a little, and the material saving is not worth it in the foreground, it is possible to strengthen the overall design also with additional racks, and fights (they are indicated on the drawing. And translucent lines).
• Further, the middle is calculated on the tightness - a grandmother will be fastened to this place, supporting the skate joint of the top hanging rafted subsystem.
• The next step is mounted skate rafters, which can be bonded with each other compounds - it can be a metal pad or powerful bolts with metal plates or washers.

• After their installation, a grandmother is mounted for the skate and middle of the tightening.
• After completing the work on one part of the rafter system, you need to make all the others on the same principle. The distance between adjacent rafters in a similar system should be no more than 900 — 950 mm, but optimal, probably, it will still be an interval of 600 mm - it will give both the necessary rigidity, and the stability of the design, and it will be convenient for insulation using standard mineral wool mats. True, it takes the design and requires more materials.

• First, the side details of the system assembly are installed, and then intermediate. Between themselves they bind to runs, which are installed between the upper ends of the racks and act as spacers. Thus, it turns out the rigid construction of the attic of the attic, in which the framework will be ready for the walls of the walls.

Waterproofing of the attic roof

When the rafter system is built, it is possible to move to the finishing of it with insulating and related materials.

• The first coating that should be fixed immediately on top of the station rope will become waterproofing and windproof film. It is fixed to rafters with a bracket and stapler, ranging from the cornice. The canvases are laid on 150 — 200 mm, and then joints glued with waterproof tape.
• From above the waterproofing, a controlled a counterclaim, which relieves the film on the surface and will create the necessary ventilation distance between windproof and roofing material. The counterclaim is usually performed from a 100 width boards. — 150 mm and 50 thickness — 70 mm.

• Perpendicular to the counterclaim is fixed by the lamp, on which the roofing material will be laid. Step between the rails need to be calculated depending on the type and size of sheet roofing material, taking into account the adhesive required for it
• If a soft roof is selected, then plywood sheets are most often fixed on the counterclaim.

Installation of roofing

A roofing material is fixed on the prepared crate or phaneer. Its installation usually begins on the roof cornice and passes the order, from one of the edges - depending on the type of roof. Roofing sheets are mounted in the mustache. If a metal profile or metal tile is used for the coating, then such material is fixed with special self-strains with elastic gaskets. Fasteners are usually selected in color to roofing material.

The most complex in the coating of the attic lone of the roof is a transition from the sprinkled side rafters to hanging the skate rafters. There may be certain difficulties in the event that there are projections for the roofing device over the balconies or windows.

In addition, if a chimney tube comes to the roof, it requires a separate design of the hole inside the rafting system and the insulating layer, and on the root, around the pipe of reliable waterproofing.

How and the better to cover the roof, you can learn in detail on the seam portal, there is a whole section in which you can find answers to many questions, including recommendations on reliable insulation of the attic room.

Video: Detailed video clip on the construction of an attic roof

It should be noted that work on the construction of any roof, and even more so difficult, as an attic, not only is responsible, but also is quite dangerous, requires special, increased security measures. If there is no experience in carrying out such building processes, it is better to trust their execution by professionals or perform all actions under the control of the experienced master, and in compliance with maximum caution and accuracy.

High-quality attic roofs are designed for the construction of an additional residential premises in the attic if the roof of the house has an inclined or broken shape. Construction rates are designed for the location of the roofing line and the facade at an altitude of up to 1.5 meters. Otherwise, the attic will not, it will be an ordinary attic that is unsuitable for normal residence.

A professional project of an attic roof of a private house involves the height of the wall from 1.4 meters, so that it was convenient to sit at the vertical wall.

Modern projects of houses with an attic roof are very economical, does not imply the construction of a complex expensive foundation.

Tip! It should be paid to the hydro and vaporizoation of the house so that the building "breathe".

Design options

Pick up ready projects Houses with an attic roof and garage can be given to the option of the future roof:

• triangular;
• asymmetric;
• broken.

A typical project of a house with a nuclear roof is suitable for nippy, single-sided, broken, duct, dome, pyramidal, semi-honeycomb roofs.

1. The simplest design is a single system. The design is represented by an inclined plane fixed on the bearing walls having different heights. This type is rarely used in the arrangement of the attic.
2. The standard draft of the duplex roof is mounted from two slopes, which are directed in opposite sides.
3. Walm and semi-walled structures imply four skate. Inside such systems create comfortable rooms.
4. For small structures fit broken roofs.
5. Pyramidal, dome, conical facilities are suitable for houses having a rounded form.

Choosing a kind of attic

In the process of construction, you can use a single-level attic together with a double or broken roof. Single-level attic is perfectly combined with duplex supports, remote consoles.

Attention ! Picking up a two-tie roof project, take into account the loads that will be provided with a foundation building.

On the video, you can see how attic an attic over the garage:

Two-tight roofs are characterized by the following parameters:

• various sizes of the sump of the cornice;
• angle of inclination;
• the construction of rafters (hanging, inclined).

This horned roof project allows you to make a bathroom and a few bedrooms. Such an attic "apartment" is equipped with two balconies for which you can get out of the bedroom. Material for the frame can serve as plasterboard ,. Decorating facades is possible with the help of plaster or clinker brick.

Two-tight roofs are suitable for the following structures:

• garages;
• low-rise homes;
• economic structures.

Algorithm of action

During the construction of the attic, use the following algorithm:

1. First choose the design option of the future double roof, You can choose ready-made projects of attic roofs, searching for them on the Internet.
2. We carry out the calculation of the exercise of the attic.
3. We purchase materials, we implement the Damage Roof project in practice.

Characteristics of a two-tie half-range roof

This option of the roof is recognized as a functional and original design. Under the roof, you can build an attic, in which it will be comfortable to live. The most demanded materials for such a roof are metal tile and professional flooring.

Characteristic of a holm roof

Such a design is assumed four skate, two of which have a triangular shape, two are made in the form of a trapezium. The layers of the roof resemble a puff pastry:

• metal tile;
• layer of waterproofing;
• monitoring;
• doom;
• layer of insulation;
• initial doom;
• cornice;
• layer of vaporizolation;
• rafter.

Design of a bantal roof

In the event of the construction of a new house, replacing the old roof, consider the external characteristics of the roof. Projects of houses with an attic roof (in the photo above) are common for the following reasons:

• acceptable cost;
• aesthetic appearance;
• uncomplicated installation;
• snow, water does not accumulate.

Skates are bonded between themselves at some angle, the house itself speaks as a support. Fastening from above is carried out to the skate of the house, on the side of the walls. The rafter system for the construction system of the attic roof of the house 9x9 suggests the use of a dry, high-quality bar.

Before the start of construction, the timber is treated with chemicals to protect against high humidity, fungal diseases. It is advisable to cover the bars with antiseptic and fireproof composition.

Composite parts of the bartal roof

An attic bartal roof suggests the presence of the following components: rafters, beams, mauelalat, skate, runs, pods, tightening, backups.

If you wish, you can find the following mansard roof projects.

• symmetrical, the basis of which is a triangle;
• broken, allowing the maximum to use the free area under housing;
• asymmetric, giving the building an original appearance that reduces the area in the attic.

Tip! When choosing simple project Loars of the attic roof, you can build on your own, but serious projects are desirable to entrust professional builders.

Dual-bantal roof drawing

If your plans include an independent implementation of a garage project with an attic roof, follow the sequence of actions:

• start with the sketch;
• think out the plan of the future roof;
• perform all calculations;
• purchase materials for rafters and coverage.

Drawings of mansard roofs can be downloaded from a variety of construction sites or acquire from professional engineers.

Tip! Do not save on the drawings, the reliability of the design depends on their quality, its durability.

The video will show the stages of the construction of an attic roof over the garage:

Calculation of the future banta roof

1. The execution of calculations is the responsible stage, involves the registration of the limit weight of the roof, accounting for possible wind, snow, rain loads. Projects of the roof for different regions Countries have significant technical differences related to the climatic characteristics of the region.

   Attention! For regions in which a significant amount of precipitation falls in winter, a roof is needed with a significant angle of inclination.

2. Conducting calculations, remember that with an increase in the roof steepness, its height will increase and consumption of materials for the implementation of the intended project.
3. The erection of a new bantane roof is an excellent version of saving money resources (subject to the presence of construction skills).
4. The construction market presents many roofing materials High Quality. If the house is erected from wooden bar, It is better to acquire a coating of metal tile.

Advantages of metal tile: acceptable cost, long operational period, aesthetic appearance.

The calculation and installation of the rafter system is the most difficult and time-consuming step in the installation of a new roof. The construction of a double design involves taking into account the set of nuances, the neglect of them can "cost the owner of the house. Do not save on the calculations, because ultimately you will be able to save money resources, since the operational period of the duplex will be significantly increased.

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An attic roof is an attic room that is made as a residential. Such projects of individual houses with an attic solve a complex problem - an increase in living space without significant costs.

In particularly elegant embodiments, the appearance of the house with the attic has a roof with different corners of the skate. It happens that one of them is slightly raised, thereby significantly increasing the attic space (read: "").

By defining the plan for the future at home, it is important to clearly solve the roof design and its shape. Beautiful and rational attic of the attic, can decorate any home. One of these most vivid options is an attic roof in which a canopy is attached in the form of pergola. This option is implemented, if the house has a straight roof with unequnenable skates.

An extensive attic room will be able to save the territory of your site drawn by the capital structure. Otherwise, if the attic is designed as non-residential, then investing in the roof device square meters You will not add (read it: "").

Types of houses with an attic

The main feature determining the kind of attic roof is its form, whose options can be found in the photo. Forms depend such factors as the number of useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room and the convenience of living in the attic floor.

The correct shape of the attic, in the case when it is planned at the stage of creating a project of the whole house, should be determined by a specialist based on the designation of the premises and the requirements of residents. Before starting construction will be the best optionwhich will allow you to take into account every trifle and build a attic in accordance with its functions (read: "").

The main varieties of attic roofs are:

• triangular;
• broken;
• asymmetric;
• can be located along the entire length of the building or occupy one part of it.

If the attic is created on the already existing building or in the process of reconstruction of the house, then the project is often the ridicated project (read: ""). But in any case, the building can always be given certain expressive features in small details that will make your home dissimilar to everyone else. You can also adjust the appearance inside with furniture and decor.

Species of mansard roofs

When the form of the roof is determined, builds to start the selection of the attic of the attic. Each optional has its advantages and disadvantages. So, if the choice fell on a single-table type, then the ability to avoid sidewall at the highest point or significantly expand the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in the event of a two-bucket option.

Consider the main types of mansard roofs of private houses:

• Single roof is the easiest option. It has the form of an inclined plane, which is fixed on the bearing walls of different heights. One side of the attic in such a house has a maximum height, and the opposite is minimal. This option is rarely used and most common in attached premises to the main home.
• Two or sometimes called a forcep roof. This form two skates, which are directed in opposite sides. This option is the most popular in private buildings, as easy to install and quite reliable.
• Broken roof. This is a variation of a double roof and is often used in not large houses.
• Walm and semi-walled roofs. Are a kind of four-tight roofs. Their obvious dignity is rational use space space, although the silhouette of such houses is not as expressive as a classic two-tight.
• Pyramidal, conical and dome-shaped roofs. Apply for buildings with a rounded or polygonal perimeter outline. This embarrassment is technically difficult, but quite implemented (see: ").

It is worth noting that whatever attic of the appearance you prefer, it is worth always considering the type of intensive loads, the location of your house relative to the sunny side and keeping the loads that will be reserved.

Horry roof

One of the technological nuances, which determines the homes of the attic, is the structure of its rafter system. It depends on how durable and reliable will be the carrier part of the roof of the house and the kind of attic from the inside. The main function of the rafter is the support and transfer of the load on the supporting structures of your structure (see: ").

What type of roof is longer and economical for wooden house With an attic, in detail on the video:

There are several basic types of rafting systems:

• Suspension type. The base of hanging rafters are two extreme supports, most often with the walls of the house. Such a system creates a horizontal load that will be transferred to the walls. To reduce the loads, tightening of metal and wood, which connect the rafter beams, located at the base of the rafter.
• Inclined type. Performed in buildings in which there are intermediate columnar supports or where the bearing wall is located in the center. Ends of the rafter must have a support in the form of outdoor walls of the building, and the middle part relies on inner wall. This type of rafter system is the most simple and requires less cost.
• Ski run. Performs connecting the function between the rapid elements. In places where there is no access to the bearing walls, the rafter legs are most often based on the heels of side runs, which are powerful longitudinal beams. This design is often used in. The size of such beams is calculated based on loads provided on them.

When erecting such a complex design, like a naked roof with their own hands, we should take into account the mass of a variety of factors. First of all, it is necessary to choose the type of roof, which there is a lot. Next, you need to make a project with the calculation of the rafter system, slope of the rods, the roof area and the amount of materials necessary for its construction.

Roofing is erected according to certain technologies, which cannot be disrupted. How to do in country house Full attic floor and let's talk in this article.

Types of mansard roofs

Before you begin to understand how to properly build a roof, let's see what kind of varieties of such structures happen. Such roofs differ in the form and number of rods, the corner of their tilt, the type of roofing material used, as well as the degree of insulation. The choice of one or another type of roof depends on the most different factors: the architectural solution of the house as a whole, the climatic zone in which the building is located, the financial capabilities of its owners, etc. The attic in principle is allowed to arrange under the roof of any design.

Dersighted roofs are:

1. Single. This is the easiest in the construction of the roof type. Under the single-sided roofing in the attic room there will be only one full-fledged wall;
2. Two-tight. The device of the attic roof of this species is also no particular complexity. Its disadvantage is not considered too much useful area. After all, the angles of the room under duct roof form an unused "deaf" zone;
3. Two batch broken. This option is much more convenient in terms of the device of residential premises;
4. Tents. Such a roof is suitable in square buildings. The tent roof has four identical scatter;

Tent Children's Roof is arranged in square houses

1. Valm. It is also a four-tight attic roof. Instead of the frontones in the design, skates are provided. The hollow roof is also very convenient for the device under the attic;
2. Multi-crossing. Such roofs have a very complex configuration;
3. Pyramidal, conical, dome. The roofs of this type are arranged on the buildings of a complex shape.

The roof of any design can be converted under the attic

There is also a roof of an attic type. Its design involves the removal of the skates far beyond the largest building on special consoles.

On a note: Do with your own hands most often under the attic one is satisfied with a double broken roof. The technology of its erection is quite simple, and the room as a result is quite spacious.

How to make the calculation of the roof

In order to make the calculation of the number of roofing material, insulation, the hydro and vapor barrier film should first of all determine the area of \u200b\u200bthe future roof. Especially difficult to perform required calculations In the event that the roof is broken and has a complex configuration. At the same time, the diagram of the attic roof is drawn and divided into simple geometric shapes. Next, the area of \u200b\u200beach figure is calculated. The results are folded.

The triangle area is calculated by the formula S \u003d (BXH) / 2, where b is the length of the base of the triangle, H is its height. The formula for calculating the area of \u200b\u200bthe trapezium - s \u003d ((a + b) / 2) xh, where a and b is the base of the trapezium, H is its height. The formula of the circle - S \u003d pxr 2, where R is the radius of the circle. Number n \u003d 3,14

Horseful roof. Drawings make it possible to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe roof without any problems.

1. Used roofing material. Manufacturers always indicate which minimum and maximum inclination angle are admissible for one or another of its view;
2. Climatic conditions. A mansard roof is arranged with your own hands, given the region in which the building is located. The steeper the angle of inclination, the greater the load on the roof will be wind. But at the same time, the load from snow and ice on roofing pie and rafters will be less;
3. Appointment. The design of the attic roof in our case should be developed taking into account the fact that later it will be a residential premises. Therefore, it is recommended to choose such an angle so that the height from the beam beam to the upper point of the roof was at least 2.5 m, taking into account the thickness of the heat insulator and the trim.

The installation of the attic roof of the installation of the lower (urban) rafters continues. For them, the timber is suitable with a cross section of 50x150mm. Previously make a template from not too thick board. One end is applied to Mauerlat, and the other to run. Next place the form washed and cut it. By this template, the rafters are cutting.

To install the upper (hanging) rafters, the center of the roof is placed. At the same time, a temporary rack is nourished to Mauerlat and an extreme tightening is installed. Further prepares pattern from the board and the ends of the upper rafters are cut on it. In the center they are bonded with each other with metal plates. Then you need to put the suspended racks (25x150mm rear). After that, the lower rafters are strengthened with pins (50x150 mm board) and sewing frontoths.

Galvanized corners, self-tapping and nails are used to attach all elements of the rafter system.

Okeekhet

Dersighted roof projects can provide for the use of various roofing materials. Very often you can see the roof of metal tile or professional flooring. Under them can be installed rarefied doom. When using rolled materials, a solid one is mounted.

A kindergarten roof dryer can be solid or rarefied

Waterproofing and installation of roofing material

The roof of the attic with their own hands will be reliable only if high-quality waterproofing is arranged. Most often, a superdiffusion membrane is used to protect the roof. Mount it starts from below. At an angle of inclination of the roof from 15 to 30g, the nailed between the rows of the film should be approximately 25 cm, at an angle more than 30g - 15-20 cm. The film is attached to rafters by special brackets. A counterclaim is hampering over the film. The roofing material is attached to it.

Roofing material mounted on top of the waterproofing film

Important: When installing, it is necessary to ensure that the film does not stretch. The material should slightly resist. This ensures ventilation of the undercase.

Insulation

Under all the technologies of insulation, the attic roof is suitable for the arrangement of residential premises. With their own hands, the heat insulator is usually mounted from the inside of the room. In the case of installation of the insulation, the attic of the attic from the inside is pre-performed. After the laying is completed, so that the plates do not fall out, they are tightened to the wire from below, fixing it to the rafters.

Warming roof houses with an attic. Photos of basalt wool between rafyles

On a note: Most often for mansard insulation used mineral wool. It lies between the rafters denser than the foam. As a result, the appearance of cold bridges is eliminated.

Parosolation and sheathing

Double roof attic is arranged with the mandatory use of vapor barrier material. On top of the wool it is necessary to pull the isospan foil inside the room. Above it is hampered under the trim. In this way, ventilation is satisfied. From the inside of the attic is trimmed with plasterboard, clapboard or plywood.

Thus, a reliable attic roof can be erected with her own hands. The video presented below represents the roofing pie process with the insulation styling outside.

As you can see, the construction of an attic roof is quite complex technologically. However, arrange an extra living room in the country with your own hands, attaching a little effort, yet it is possible.