Which electric instantaneous water heater is suitable for an apartment? How to choose an electric instantaneous water heater.

23.04.2019 Floors

Calculation of the power of the instantaneous water heater

When choosing an instantaneous water heater, its power is of decisive importance. The power of the instantaneous water heater can be determined based on the purpose of use (for example, shower, washing hands, etc.).

To do this, use the table below. First determine the required flow rate hot water(l / min) for the highest point of water consumption. Even if you will use an instantaneous water heater for several points, then select its capacity at the point of water intake with the highest required capacity.

	Required temperature, ºС	Required flow, l / min	Required volume of water storage water heater, l
Hand washing
Kitchen sink

Knowing the flow rate at the largest point of water consumption, the power is calculated by the formula:

P = G * ∆t / 14.3

P- power of the water heater, kW;

G- flow rate or flow rate, l / min;

∆t- the required temperature rise, ºС, ∆t = T- t in ;

T- required temperature at the outlet of the water heater, ºС,

t in- temperature cold water, ºС (in winter it is +5 ºС, in summer +15 ºС).

If you plan to use several points at the same time, then the power of the instantaneous water heater should be increased by another half.

Important! You can get a comfortable full stream of hot water using an instantaneous water heater only if its power is from 8 kW and above. It is simply impossible to install a water heater with a capacity of more than 3.5 kW in old buildings with 16-amp plugs. And in houses with electric stoves and new houses, where there are 40- or 32-ampere meters, it is permissible to install "flutes" with a capacity of up to 6 kW.

On a note. There is also a more simplified calculation. In order to estimate the required power of the water heater, you can use a simpler calculation: divide the power value (kW) in half. As a result, a fairly accurate value of the water consumption (l / min) will be obtained when it is heated by about 25-30 ºС. For example, for taking a shower, a 16 kilowatt device will provide a water flow rate of 8 liters per minute.

Single phase or three phase

There are instantaneous water heaters for both single-phase (up to 12 kilowatts) and three-phase networks (from 12 to 36 kilowatts).

In a centralized installation, if you have the option of installing a three-phase water heater, install it as it is more powerful. The more powerful the water heater, the more comfortable and economical it is.

When installing instantaneous water heaters at each water intake point separately, install mainly single-phase ones, having previously calculated their power, as described above.

Pressure and non-pressure

According to the method of installation in the water supply network, instantaneous water heaters are divided into pressure and non-pressure.

System (pressure) instantaneous water heaters (from 4.5 kW and above). They only have water inlet and outlet. They are cut into the pipes of hot and cold water, i.e. hot water is "bred" for the whole apartment. This is very convenient, since during the period when hot water is turned off, you can not only take a shower, but also use hot water from any tap in the apartment. Such a water heater turns on and off automatically, responding to the flow of water.

The pressurized water heater in the image below cuts into the water supply system and can supply all water intake points.

Non-pressure instantaneous water heaters (from 3.5 to 8 kW), equipped with their own shower or kitchen nozzle(it is included in the package of the device) and work only for one point of water intake. Such devices cannot be used with other fittings than the one that was sold with this water heater. Such water heaters are convenient, say, in the country.

The image below shows a non-pressurized water heater. Distinctive feature gravity water heaters is the presence of a tap at the entrance to it and never at the exit.

It is recommended to use small instantaneous water heaters equipped with shower heads with a capacity of 3 to 6 kW only in summer. In winter, there are often complaints that the water heater worked perfectly in summer, but now, during an accident in the heating system, it refuses to heat the water. The reason: in summer the temperature of the "cold" water "entering" from the tap was + 15 ° C. Its small instantaneous water heater with a capacity of 3.5 kW (with ∆t - 25 °, giving 3 l / min) in the summer easily “warmed up” it by another 25 °. That is, 15 ° + 25 ° = 40 ° C is a perfectly suitable temperature for washing. And in winter, the water in the tap is colder, about 5 degrees. So: 5 ° + 25 ° = 30 ° C - under such water, of course, you will freeze. And the device itself has nothing to do with it, it works as usual, nothing has broken in it. Small instantaneous water heaters were developed for the warm countries of Asia and Africa. And there are no such differences between winter and summer temperatures, and the water temperature in the tap is always about + 15 °. It only needs to be slightly "warmed up".

A few words about the efficiency of instantaneous water heaters

In a household with a hot water demand of 150 l / day,.

Given the low cost of an instantaneous water heater, its compact size and the fact that it is almost always equipped with kitchen mixer or a shower head, it is reasonable to buy such a water heater for each water intake point separately, because this leads to energy savings on heating water in pipes, if the water intake points are significantly removed from the water heater.

Since the water in the instantaneous water heater is heated only during consumption, energy is not consumed to maintain the temperature of a certain amount of water, as in storage water heaters, and this reduces operating costs.

In addition, instantaneous water heaters minimize water consumption due to the fact that the user does not have to wait long for the water of the required temperature to flow.

Instantaneous water heaters are very durable. Their service life is more than 20 years, while those of the cumulative ones are 8-10 years with proper maintenance.

Price and brand

After you select for yourself several alternative models according to the above characteristics, all you have to do is call our office, if you need to ask all your questions, clarify what is available now and choose the water heater that suits you best for the price and by manufacturer's brand.

The best quality instantaneous water heaters are Aeg and Stiebel Eltron, so it is these firms

Hot water is one of the indispensable attributes of a comfortable life. The townspeople are so accustomed to such conditions that the temporary shutdown of the hot water supply becomes a lot of inconvenience. There is also not enough hot water outside the city, at dachas. An electric instantaneous water heater can solve this problem. This device can supply hot water not only on a temporary basis, but also on a permanent basis: you can build a hot water supply system for a private house.

Principle, device and features of work

An electric instantaneous water heater is a small device that heats the water flowing through it. Heating element - heating element (tubular electric heater) or open spiral. Heaters with heating elements are more common - they are safer and it is easier to replace the heating element. In very compact models - tap attachments, etc. - there is simply nowhere to put the heating element, therefore an open spiral is used.

The device turns on when the flow appears (the tap opens), turns off when the flow disappears. The set temperature is reached in a few seconds, after which it is maintained constantly (with sufficient power of the heating element).

Externally, an ordinary instantaneous electric water heater is a small plastic case connected to cold water and electricity. Has one outlet for hot water. Depending on the purpose, it can supply hot water to one (individual) or several (system) draw-off points.

What parts does an electric instantaneous water heater consist of?

The structure of an instantaneous water heater is simple, there are the following elements:

Cold water inlet. It is connected to the water supply, usually with a flexible braided hose.
Flow sensor. Monitors the appearance of water in the device (the tap is open) and turns on the heating element. It also turns off the heating when the flow is lost (the tap was closed).
Tank with heating element. A small container, inside which there is a heating element, bent in the form of a spiral. It is here that the water is heated.
Hot water outlet. There is a tube from the water tank through which the heated water is removed.

As you can see, the device is simple. There is also a control panel on the cover, where the conductors from the flow sensor are brought out, and the heating element - so that you can correct the operating mode and monitor the state of the device (indication of switching on).

Types and connections to water supply and electricity

There are two main types of flow-through electric water heaters: pressure and non-pressure. Pressure heads are also called systemic and often have the word Sistem in the name. They plug into the gap water pipe, as a rule, have a high power and can provide two or more draw-off points with hot water.

Non-pressure or individual instantaneous water heaters are connected as usual Appliances- through a flexible hose or by a branch of the water supply pipe. They supply heated water to one point, have relatively low power (3-7 kW) and low cost. They exist in different forms:

If you need to wait out a few weeks of turning off the hot water supply, you can supply an individual gravity electric instantaneous water heater of any kind. If a constant supply of hot water is required, the installation of a pressure head unit will be more rational.

Connecting a pressure water heater to the water supply

Pressure or system electric water heaters are connected to the existing water supply system through the pipe break. They are cut with a tee that installed before the first branch... Shut-off ball valves are installed at the inlet of cold and hot water. They turn off the device if there is a centralized hot water supply. These cranes are also needed so that, if necessary, the device can be removed for repair or replacement.

The quality of tap water is poor and it is better to insert the heater after the filter. If there is no filter at the entrance to the apartment, it is advisable to install it either immediately after the branch to the apartment, or already in front of the water heater.

In a private house, such a unit will work if available pumping station or a self-assembled system with a hydraulic accumulator. It cuts in after all the filters, from the output there is a wiring to consumers.

Unpressurized connection to water

Non-pressure (individual) electric instantaneous water heater standard view connects as usual household appliance... There must be a branch from the water supply with a tap and a thread at the end. Using a flexible braided hose, the device is connected to the water supply.

Tap nozzles for heating water are a small group. They are mainly screwed onto the thread at the end of the spout (gander). To do this, first unscrew the mesh, which is usually installed there.

Some time ago there were quite a few of them, but they differed in their low efficiency. The nozzle itself has solid dimensions and you cannot attach it to a low crane - it interferes. TO in addition, faucets with electric water heating appeared on the market, which heat water better, have the ability to adjust the temperature and are more convenient to use. They are installed in place of a conventional tap on a sink or sink. The only difference between the installation is the need for an electrical connection.

Electrical connection

Any electric instantaneous water heater is a powerful and requires a separate power line... As an exception, you can connect to the line that goes to the electric stove - the line is suitable according to the parameters. Only in this case, it is necessary to ensure that the stove and the instantaneous water heater do not turn on at the same time, otherwise the machine will work on overload.

The connection of an instantaneous electric water heater is standard - from the shield, the phase from zero is brought into a two-contact RCD (it is necessary to break both the phase and zero), then the phase is also fed to the machine and only after that it is supplied to the consumer.

The connection itself can be made through a three-pin plug with a socket with a mandatory grounding connection. Alternatively, you can install a contact plate or connect a cable directly to the appropriate inputs on the heater.

Pull the power line with copper wire (mono-core):

up to 7 kW cross-section 3.5 mm;
from 7 to 12 kW - 4 mm.

The machine is selected according to the maximum current consumption (available in technical characteristics). Take the nearest higher rating (if you take a smaller one, there will be a lot of unnecessary operations - every time you switch to maximum power). The RCD is taken one step higher at nominal, the leakage current is 10 mA.

Read more about the selection of the nominal values of circuit breakers.

Control type

It is possible to adjust the operation of the electric water heater (change the degree of heating) using several regulators located on the control panel. Management can be hydraulic and electronic.

An electric instantaneous water heater with hydraulic control heats the water by a certain number of degrees. It always turns on at maximum power, even if it has several different heating modes. And even if one of the modes was set before turning off, it will turn on again from the maximum.

It also has one more feature - the water heats up by a certain number of degrees. It is necessary to change the degree of heating manually - switching modes after switching on. Moreover, the maximum temperature delta is usually 25 ° C. That is, if at the inlet you have water of + 5 ° C, then at the outlet of such a device it simply cannot be warmer than + 30 ° C (with a full flow). This does not mean that the unit has broken down or is not working properly. This means that he simply cannot make it warmer. You can slightly correct the situation by reducing the pressure, then you can achieve a slight increase in temperature, but you will not get full-fledged hot water in such conditions from such a unit.

Electronically controlled units usually have more power and a noticeably higher price. This is due to the fact that heating elements with multi-stage power control are installed in them, and they are more expensive. In addition, the "filling" of such a device is more complicated - there are several sensors, in addition, it also contains a microprocessor that processes data and regulates the operation of heaters. If the unit is selected correctly in terms of power, it will be able to maintain the set temperature (usually up to 40 ° C) with a deviation of one degree.

Selecting an electric instantaneous water heater by power

Whichever type of electric water heater you choose, you need to choose the right power. That's right, in this case, it is so that it meets your expectations. The easiest way is to focus on the number of taps that will require simultaneous supply of hot water:

Not all power grids can withstand such capacities. Often, the total allocated power for a house or apartment is much less. In this case, it is worth considering the possibility of installing less powerful individual instantaneous water heaters or. An excellent option, but it is for those who have the ability to connect to the gas main.

Selection by water consumption (performance)

You can choose an electric instantaneous water heater according to the required flow rate. There are hot water consumption rates for different consumers. By adding the required flow rate for your case, you will get the desired figure. So, the average consumption:

When choosing, you must match both the power value and the flow rate. In this case, water at all flow points, which can operate simultaneously, will be supplied at the set temperature. If not, you will have to make sure that only one tap is open at a time.

What the market has to offer

The choice of electric instantaneous water heaters is at least large ... You can easily get confused. What should you look out for besides power and performance? On the material from which the tank and heating element are made. The tank can be copper, stainless and plastic. This information is not provided by all manufacturers, but if it is not there, most likely the filling is made of plastic. It is, of course, heat-resistant, but not as reliable as metals.

Also pay attention to the minimum and maximum cold water pressure at which the unit can operate. There are capricious models that require a gearbox to be installed on our networks.

Name	Power	Dimensions (edit)	Performance	Amount of points	Control type	Operating pressure	Price
Thermex System 800	8 kW	270 * 95 * 170mm	6 l / min	1-3	hydraulic	0.5-6 bar	73$
Electrolux Smartfix 2.0 TS (6.5 kW)	6.5 kW	270 * 135 * 100mm	3.7 l / min	1	hydraulic	0.7-6 bar	45$
AEG RMC 75	7.5 kW	200 * 106 * 360mm		1-3	electronic	0.5-10 bar	230$
Stiebel Eltron DHM 3	3 kW	190 * 82 * 143mm	3.7 l / min	1-3	hydraulic	6 bar	290$
Evan B1 - 9.45	9.45 kW	260 * 190 * 705mm	3.83 l / min	1	mechanical	0.49-5.88 Bar	240$
Electrolux NPX 8 Flow Active	8.8 kW	226 * 88 * 370mm	4.2 l / min	1-3	electronic	0.7-6 bar	220$

Separately, it is worth talking about taps with electric water heating. They are also called a water heater faucet. They appeared not so long ago, but they are quickly gaining popularity, as they are convenient to use, they just connect.

Name	Control type	Heating range	Operating pressure	Connection size	Power / voltage	Body material	Price
ATLANTA ATH-983	auto	30-85 ° C	from 0.05 to 0.5MPa	1/2"	3 kW / 220 V	ceramics	40-45$
Aquatherm KA-002	mechanical	up to + 60 ° C	from 0.04 to 0.7 MPa	1/2"	3 kW / 220 V	composite plastic	80$
Aquatherm KA-26	mechanical	up to + 60 ° C	from 0.04 to 0.7 MPa	1/2"	3 kW / 220 V	composite plastic	95-100$
Delimano	auto	up to + 60 ° C	0.04 - 0.6 MPa	1/2"	3 kW / 220-240 V	plastic, metal	45$
L.I.Z. (Delimano)	hydraulic	up to + 60 ° C	0.04-0.6 MPa	1/2"	3 kW / 220-240 V	heat resistant ABS plastic	50$

Instructions

The choice of a water heater primarily depends on the personal preferences of the owners, as well as on the possibilities and on the amount of space in the bathroom. Accumulative takes up a lot of space, the larger its tank, the more space is needed for its installation. Such water heaters save electricity, but the heating time also increases in accordance with the volume of water. You shouldn't worry about wiring with this type of water heaters either. If you accustom yourself to turn on such a water heater in advance, there will be no problem with hot water.

Heaters of this type work on the heated principle. Volumes range from 5 to 100 liters, but if this is not enough, there is a possibility of modifying the system and installing an additional tank. These are the heaters that are ideal option or a holiday village, since they do not require a lot of electricity, and heating water once, keep it warm for a long time. For this, a heat-insulating gasket is provided on the tank. There are also water heating systems in which the tank is equipped with a separator. In such a boiler, instead of the poured water, a new one immediately enters, and the separator prevents mixing of already heated and cold water.

Instantaneous water heaters almost completely do not take up space, but a lot of electricity or gas is spent on continuous heating of water, depending on the type of water heater. In order to heat the amount of water required for a shower or bath to an acceptable temperature, you need a device with a power of at least 8 kW. In houses with old, worn-out wiring, this is unsafe, as long as there is a separate and secure network for connecting a water heater.

The instantaneous water heater turns on as soon as the tap with water is opened, also automatically when the water is turned off. But the need for high-power supply makes it almost impossible to install such a device in an apartment, although it was there that it would come in handy with its small size. An unlimited amount of hot water is also a definite plus in favor of an instantaneous heater.

As a rule, the price of an instantaneous water heater is significantly lower than. But considering how the electricity prices will grow, such a purchase still seems questionable as a saving. In any case, the choice is yours.

note

If a coil is installed in the flow heater, and not a heating element, it will burn out if there is an air lock in the tank.
A valve must be attached to the storage heater, which will bleed off the excess water formed from heating.

Summer for many is overshadowed by an unpleasant circumstance - the shutdown of hot water, and if the family has young children, then this becomes a serious inconvenience. In order not to depend on planned repairs of utilities and not to lose the usual comfort, it is worth purchasing an electric household water heater.
What should be guided by when choosing a water heater and which model should I prefer?

When buying a device that supplies you with hot water, you need to take into account many different factors: the number of people living in the apartment, the size and configuration of the room, the purpose of using hot water, daily consumption, the ability to connect to the apartment's electricity network. Based on this, you can choose either storage water heater(boiler), or flow-through.

Storage water heater

This device is a storage tank for water with a built-in electric heater - heating element. The consumer sets the desired temperature, the built-in thermostat turns on the heating element, and the water heats up to the required value. The temperature is automatically maintained at the preset mode, so the water does not actually cool down.

The rate of water heating directly depends on the size of the storage tank. Small containers with a volume of 30-50 liters heat up in 40-50 minutes, and large containers with a capacity of up to 500 liters can heat up for up to 4 hours or longer. For a typical family of 4, a 150 liter heater is usually sufficient if, among other things, a bath is planned.

Storage water heaters can be vertical and horizontal, wall or floor mounting.

What are the advantages of a storage water heater?

One of the undoubted advantages is the low power consumption - no more than 3 kW. The boiler can be installed in any house where there is a water supply system, without fear of electrical wiring - all models can be operated from a 220 V outlet.
The storage heater supplies hot water to all taps. One boiler can serve the bathroom, kitchen and shower.
The heated water maintains a stable temperature thanks to automatic heating and the "thermos" effect due to the high thermal insulation of the tank.
It is always possible to choose the model that is most suitable in terms of configuration and aesthetically fit into the design of the room.

What are the disadvantages of a storage water heater?

The main disadvantage of the boiler is that it takes up quite a lot of space. There may be problems with the placement of the appliance, especially in small rooms.
The storage water heater constantly uses electricity to maintain the temperature in the tank, even when the water is not being used.
If the water suddenly turned out to be insufficient, you will have to wait for it to heat up.
To install the device, you need reliable wall, as well as massive fasteners with special hooks and brackets for hanging, in case it is a horizontal model. Other options include the availability of free space for the installation of a floor structure.
Service maintenance of the boiler is required periodically. The heating elements tend to become covered with scale over time, especially with poorly treated water.

Instantaneous water heater

Instantaneous water heater is fundamentally different not only in appearance, but also according to the principle of work from the accumulative. In this compact design, the water coming from the water supply network passes through the operating heating elements and heats up instantly. A high-power heating element is installed in the body of the device, due to which cold water is instantly converted into hot water, without an accumulation stage.

A hydraulic relay is installed in the flow heater, which controls the flow level. When the water supply is increased, it turns on the maximum number of heating elements, when weakened, it reduces their number.

What are the advantages of an instantaneous water heater?

The device is small and easy to install in small apartments.
Provides unlimited hot water at any time.
The device is built directly into the plumbing pipe, which is convenient in a city apartment.

What are the disadvantages of an instantaneous water heater?

To install an instantaneous water heater, you will need a separate power cable from the shield, because the device consumes a large number of energy - from 8 to 20 kW.
In the cold season, the boiler may not deliver hot, but warm water due to the low temperature in the system.
The device cannot regulate the heating power, the electric circuit is closed only when a certain level of flow is reached, after which the heating is turned on.
The design of the instantaneous water heater does not allow water to be distributed over several water supply points at once.

The ideal solution to the problem of hot water is an instantaneous storage water heater that combines best performance both devices and provides an ideal balance between comfort and cost of operation.

The boiler is considered one of the most common types of electric water heaters - such a device quickly heats water and requires almost no maintenance. However, in order to choose the right boiler, you need to know the features of its design and operation.

The principle of operation of an electric water heater is simple: inside a container filled with water, there is a heating element, usually in the form of a tube, a coil. It is connected to the heating boiler through a special circuit (sometimes through a pump). As a result, the water flows through the coil or tube and heats up. According to the type of work, there are two main types of boiler, each of which has its own characteristics.

Storage water heaters

These are containers, most often made of stainless steel, in which there are heating elements - heating elements. They are connected to the electrical network through a thermal relay. When the water heats up to the set temperature, the contacts are triggered and the heating elements are turned off. As soon as the temperature drops, the relay is activated again and the heating elements start working again. Typically, storage boilers use heating elements with a capacity of no more than 2.5 kW.

Flow-through boilers

They differ from the previous type of water heaters by the lack of capacity. These devices are most often connected in the kitchen or in the bathroom to quickly heat the flowing stream of water. For the latter to heat up instantly, a large electric power, which can be in the range of 3-27 kW, depending on the boiler model. When connecting an instantaneous water heater, you should take into account the capabilities of your electrical wiring, which may not withstand the increased load.

Features of boiler designs

The most vulnerable element of the boiler is the heating element. To protect it from exposure to hard water and subsequent destruction, manufacturers cover the element with a homogeneous enamel. If the tank is made of metal, an internally mounted magnesium anode is used to prevent corrosion. There are other ways to protect against rust: for example, an internal titanium coating (enamel). There is no corrosion in boilers made of porcelain, but such products last no more than 3 years due to cracks appearing over time. The most reliable water heater is considered to have a container completely made of titanium (warranty period of operation is at least 10 years). But such boilers are quite expensive, so most people prefer to use steel or stainless steel products with a warranty period of 5-7 years.

Additional convenience in the operation of water heaters is provided by electronic devices. This can be a thermostat, software that allows you to turn on the boiler during low tariff hours (at night). A number of products are equipped with a display that allows you to monitor the operation of the device.

What is a continuous flow electric heater?

An instantaneous heater differs from a conventional boiler primarily in the absence of a storage tank. Water heats up only at the time of use. You can adjust the water heating temperature by changing the pressure in the desired direction. In addition, flow-through heaters consume less energy, since they do not waste it on maintaining the temperature. Thanks to its characteristics, the instantaneous water heater saves free space, energy and time.

The water heater is a small box, inside of which a tubular heating element - heating element is placed. The water heater operates in the following way: water enters the device, and then into the compartment where the heating device is located. Washing it, the water gradually heats up, and then enters the taps hot.

The water temperature, however, cannot be higher than the temperature of the heating device, so scalding hot water will not have to be expected.

Expensive devices have a control panel with various sensors and timers. Inexpensive models are equipped with a thermostat that allows you to set the heating temperature. Some devices do not have a regulation system - they only work in automatic mode.

To install an electric instantaneous water heater, you need a wire that goes separately from the shield. A switch capable of automatic operation is also required. The wire must be of a strictly defined cross-section.

A sufficiently powerful network is required for a flowing storage device to function. Otherwise, you will have to choose a device whose power does not exceed 8 kW.

Types of flow-through heaters

Before choosing a flow electric water heater, it is worth finding out the varieties of this device. This will determine which heater to choose for use.

A flow-through electric water heater can be of the following types:

pressure head;
free-flow.

Pressure, or system, can be used in different conditions, that is, from any tap that is in the house. Pressure water heaters cut into hot and cold water pipes. Such devices have only an outlet and an inlet for water. The device is controlled by the water pressure. System heaters are convenient to use during scheduled summer shutdowns.

Free-flow ones are characterized by low power (up to 8 kW) and energy consumption. They work from only one water intake point. These heaters are suitable for showers or cottage use. The maximum heating temperature is 30 ° C, which makes them useless for winter use.

All year round, such water heating devices are used only in warm countries, where temperature fluctuations are not so significant.

The cost of such devices is usually low. The set may include shower heads and faucets. If the water intake point is far from the heater, then it is better to install another one nearby - this will significantly save money.

Heater power calculation and selection criteria

Having decided on the type of device, choose the optimal power. To do this, you need a table that indicates all the necessary parameters depending on the type of daily needs: flow rate and volume of water, required temperature, etc. Calculation according to such a table can cause difficulties, therefore it is recommended to use a simpler method: just look at the heater power in the documents and divide this figure by 2. As a result, you get the flow rate of water heated to 30 degrees.

For clarity, you can use an example. If the power of the vending flow heater is 16 kW, then the water consumption will be 16/2, that is, 8 m / min. That is, for a shower, this value is sufficient. Thus, a lot of hot water can be obtained only if the indicator is more than 8 kW.

If hot water is needed not only for a shower, but also in other points, then when choosing a heater, you need to take into account the indicators in the most powerful of them. If you plan to use water at these points at the same time, then the power of the heater must be increased by at least 1.5 times.

Heater selection criteria

Before buying an instantaneous heater, you need to decide for what purposes it will be used and where it will be installed.

If you need a water heater for seasonal use in the country, then a device with a power of 3.5 kW will be enough. For permanent use, a heater with a power of 5 kW or more, capable of heating even cold water in winter, is more suitable.

When choosing a heater, it is important to pay attention to the quality of the material from which the body is made. The device is constantly exposed to high temperatures. The best way- flow heater with enameled body. Such a device will withstand the temperature and exposure to aggressive substances contained in the water.

A copper case is also a good option, since it has a solid case and protection of the heating element from scale. In hard water conditions, this protection will last more than 5 years. The fact that it is time to replace the protection will be signaled by a light bulb. Such devices with a copper body are very expensive.

Instantaneous water heater manufacturers

Having decided on the parameters, you can proceed to the choice of a specific model. Instantaneous water heaters are produced by the following manufacturers:

Electrolux is a well-known Swedish manufacturer that produces several lines of flow heaters. The performance of the devices may vary. All models have a high-quality anti-scale heating element. Models of the high price segment are equipped with an intelligent control system.
Kospel. A distinctive feature of the water heaters of the Polish company Kospel is stylish design, thanks to which the devices always fit harmoniously into the interior. The heating element is made of high quality copper. Kospel produces mainly flow-through type pressure heaters. There are two lines of gravity heaters. The service cost is quite low.
Thermex. The bulb of the heating element in the heaters of this company is made of high quality copper.

When choosing a brand, it is also necessary to take into account the purpose of the device. If an instantaneous heater is purchased for use in the country, you should take a closer look at the models of the Electrolux or ATMOR brands. Appliances with low power (from 3.5 to 5 kW) will perfectly cope with heating water for the kitchen or shower in the country. In this case, you do not have to carry out major repairs to the wiring. The cost of heaters of such brands ranges from 1.5 to 2 thousand rubles, but in any case, they are available even to buyers with a very limited budget.

Most home-friendly models

Appliances from Thermex are suitable for home use. They are not so expensive, within 7 thousand rubles, they are equipped with a temperature regulator. For reliable operation of the heater, it will be advisable to upgrade the wiring.

When choosing a heater for active use throughout the year, you should not choose the cheapest option.

All expensive models have only one requirement - operating conditions. House wiring must be able to withstand at least 20kW. The network is needed for 380 V, therefore, before connecting the water heater, a major repair of the wiring will have to be done. It is not recommended to mount the heater yourself.

When we choose a flow-type water heater, first of all, we need to find out the capabilities of the electrical network and clarify whether additional equipment is needed to install the device.

When a model is selected, it is worth clarifying whether spare parts are on sale, it is necessary to assess the scope of work.

Household heating systems flow type They are distinguished by a simple control system and compact dimensions, since they do not require an additional reservoir for operation. The process of work consists in the circulation of water through a tubular heating element, where it is instantly heated to a certain temperature. The most optimal way to equip your home with uninterrupted power supply warm water- install instantaneous water heaters for the apartment.

Brief technical characteristics

Modern equipment is divided into several types, which involve the use of different ways liquid heating:

The heating coil or heating element operates on the basis of electricity;
The work is carried out through the use of a gas burner;
Functioning occurs thanks to a heat exchanger through which water passes and gains the desired temperature regime.

Electrical devices are considered the easiest to operate - they are very easy to connect, work without problems, but consume a lot of electricity. The average power of such a heater is 3-5 kW.

The most economical ones are gas ones, but they require connecting the house to gas networks and are installed exclusively by specialists with an admission category.

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Rules for choosing a flow-through apparatus

The task of how to choose an instantaneous water heater for an apartment must be approached as responsibly as possible. In order not to make a mistake in your choice, you should answer a few questions.

What energy source will the device operate on?

Today there are two types of energy sources: gas or electricity. If the house is heated by a gas boiler, you can generally purchase a double-circuit boiler, which both heats and provides DHW. Both circuits are autonomous and are not interconnected in operation.

In the absence of gas, electric instantaneous boilers are chosen, which are installed in the immediate vicinity of the water intake point - on the tap, on or instead of a shower, near the sink as an additional source of hot water supply, etc. The performance of the device depends on the type of wires installed. For example, in old buildings, shields are designed for a maximum current supply of up to 16A. They can withstand the power of equipment no more than 3.5 kW. Later buildings have shields that can withstand 32-40 A, in this case, you can use a powerful apparatus with a value of up to 8 kW.

Regardless of the quality of the wiring and the year of construction during installation electrical device an additional separate wire should be laid from the unit to the electric machine.

Type of equipment

There are two types of equipment: gravity and pressure. The second option is more suitable for an apartment, which, during the installation process, is mounted directly on hot and cold water pipes. The device has the ability to provide hot water supply to several mixers at once.

However, if the purpose of purchasing a device is to seasonally shut off the centralized water supply, you should choose a non-pressurized option. It is often less powerful and has additional shower heads. This unit is intended for heating the coolant only in summer time year, in winter he is not able to effectively cope with work.

Equipment performance

Here, to a greater extent, you need to navigate what consumption of water is required for the implementation of domestic purposes, taking into account the incoming and outgoing temperature conditions. It is these parameters that are recorded in the passport of an instantaneous water heater for an apartment.

To calculate, place a container with a known volume under the tap and measure one minute. The amount that will be typed in a given period of time is the main parameter for choosing a device.

The temperature of the incoming water is of fundamental importance. If it is at around 14 ° C and above, the output will be the degrees declared by the manufacturer. The lower the incoming temperature, the correspondingly cooler it will be.

Experts recommend purchasing equipment renowned manufacturer... Since dubious products will significantly save investments, however, a little later, problems may arise with a quick breakdown of the unit and hard-to-reach parts.

Installation of low-quality equipment in a house or apartment can lead not only to difficulties associated with its functioning, but also to a breach of the security of the entire property.

In order to figure out how to choose an instantaneous water heater for an apartment, you need to correctly assess the upcoming load. A family of four will need a 14-16 kW device. The volume of water in this case will be 5-8 liters per minute, which is enough for 1-2 points of water intake.

The maximum temperature should be at least 50 ° С, but keep in mind that in winter it may be less by 3-5 ° С at the outlet. Since we are talking about domestic use, the power supply must be rated for 220 V, frequency 20-30 Hz. If the house is private or there are regular voltage drops in the network, buy devices with a frequency of 30 Hz. If voltage stabilizers are installed, 20 Hz can be dispensed with.

Do not buy appliances without overheating protection. The IP30 marking must be present on the protection.

As for the probes, it is better to prefer anti-corrosion ones, but some manufacturers have already released a line of steatite ones. Both the one and the other variety have proven themselves equally well in operation.

When the choice is made, be sure to ask the seller-consultant for a certificate of quality compliance and do not forget about the warranty period.

Popular brands, models and reviews about them

As already discussed a little earlier, the use of more powerful models is inappropriate for an apartment, as is the case with a private house. Therefore, we will give examples of less productive units that occupy a leading position in the technical market.

Instantaneous electric water heater for kitchen Atmor Basic 3,5 kW

With a power of 3.5 kW and a maximum fluid flow rate of up to 3 l / min. The budget version of the heating system is capable of delivering temperatures up to 40 ° C under one condition, if the liquid at the inlet to the apparatus is not colder than 18 ° C. Estimated cost varies from 1,000 to 1,500 rubles.

The main complaints of users are about frequent shutdowns and "shooting" of cold water when turned on at high power.

Water heater Polaris Vega T 3,5

Power 5.5 kW and capacity - 4.3 liters. Thanks to its versatile shape, the equipment can be mounted under a bathtub, washbasin or in a niche. The package includes a faucet and a shower head.

In general, there are very few negative user reviews, the equipment is called good quality, which fully justifies its affordable cost - 2,000 rubles.

Instantaneous water heater for an apartment Cartridge PE-VN-220

Has an average cost - up to 2600 rubles. Power does not exceed 5 kW, consumption - 5 l / min. The device assumes the treatment of low quality water, therefore, it is equipped with an additional protective layer that increases the operational life of the equipment.

Instantaneous electric water heater Electrolux SMARTFIX 2.0 S (3,5 kW)

Very high quality line of equipment, equipped with all the necessary funds protection. Average productivity - 3-4 liters. Power 5.5 kW. Very compact size, laconic design. It is convenient to place them in niches. There is only one drawback - the price. On average, such equipment will cost 5,000 rubles.

V modern models predominantly steatite heating elements are already provided, which, even in comparison with anti-corrosion ones, prolongs the service life. Maximum temperature 50 °. Parameters - 220V, 20-30 Hz. Everything is done very well.

Instantaneous water heater Thermex System 1000 (wh)

Universal water heaters that are in demand among consumers, but at the same time have a number of complaints. First of all, this concerns the absence of gaskets for the thermostat. Limiting the operating frequency to 25 Hertz, which in case of voltage drops in the network can affect the operation of the equipment. It is advisable to immediately install a voltage stabilizer and not use the device at full power.

The advantages are thermal switches, high-quality regulators and versatility. Most have 3 operating modes. Price - 5500-6000 rubles.

How to install the device?

First of all, it is necessary to install the device directly on the wall, and then connect it to the general water supply system.

Next, a power connection is required. Even if an instantaneous water heater has a low power, a separate electrical wire should still be installed for it. This process must be carried out based on the factor that not every electric meter is capable of withstanding a large current load.

The diameter of the wiring and the type of automation is selected based on technical features water heater and meter. It is important to remember that the standard socket through which the equipment is planned to be connected must have a grounding element.

After that, the device is connected to the water supply directly to the tap or the shower head is replaced, depending on the configuration and type of device.

VIDEO: Instantaneous water heater. Schematic connection diagram

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