The kitchen is a room where an open fire is present, sharp objects are used, that is, there is a certain threat to health and even life. Therefore, the lighting of this room owns a special role. So that it adequately coped with his mission, its scheme should be competent and detailed deliberate.

Ceiling

It has long been not customary to cover the kitchen the only chandelier on the ceiling. This does not mean that she completely left the scene. But many quite successfully replace it point lamps, "Scattered" over the entire surface or concentrated around the perimeter. A suspended lamp is given, rather a decorative role, while it is at all necessary to have it strictly in the center.

Ceiling luminaires are among the most modern methods Lighting kitchen room. They are fixed with rotary rods or embed. Being mounted B. dropped ceilings, Point lighting devices are able to form uniform lighting, rather bright enough to leave the most secluded corners.

Working surface

Above the working surface and the sink of light there is no a lot - this is an axiom. Even in the presence of high-quality illumination, the shadow is becoming a shadow from the person here. To prevent such an effect, point luminaires mounted in the ceiling are placed directly above the countertop.

Alternative way - small spots in the headset cornice.

Lighting under lockers

Attached lockers over the table top discarded the shadow, darken the working area. Therefore, you need a backlight attached to the bottom of the suspended module. It can use special square lamps or LED tape.

Lighting furniture

Since the furniture facades are made of glass, the cabinets can be highlighted from the inside - this will create an original visual effect that turns the kitchen into more interesting and cozy. True, for this it is necessary that the illuminated contents of the cabinets looked worthily.

Furniture can be highlighted from the inside and in the case of closed facades. We can talk about making lighter drawers - storage space of cutlery. Or, for example, to attach tape with LEDs to the glass shelves.

Dining and dining area

If we are talking about overall premises, there may be a place for the dining area. With this situation, the ceiling lighting is not enough, even if the work area is also additionally equipped with devices. Beautiful and functional option - chandelier in the center of the table or hanging lamp. Their primary task is to evenly illuminate the worktop, but they can also perform a decorative function.

Lighting - the topic is not as simple as it seems. Especially in the kitchen, where the clear functionality dictates its own rules, and I also want to create an atmosphere. To deal with what the light should be in the kitchen, we turned to David Markov, the Director-General of the Lighting Company Kingdavid.

- Entrepreneur, LED, patron. He graduated from MIKM, teaches in the British Higher School of Design in Moscow and at the School "Details". As the leader Kingdavid, was responsible for the implementation of the projects of the Skolkovo business school, the Grunefus plant, the Lotte Plaza hotels, Sheremetyevo-3 airport, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. Today the company carries out the design of lighting at all levels: from private interiors and exterior to urban federal objects.

What you should pay attention to?

Let's start with the fact that the lighting in the kitchen is divided by zones: the times when the only chandelier was reigning in the center of the ceiling, long ago passed. The following groups of lamps can be distinguished:

• general lighting;
• illumination of the working area;
• lighting of the dining area;
• additional functional / decorative lighting.

David advises to pay attention to such an important indicatorHow the heat of light. The light bulbs are cold, neutral and warm tones, we talked in detail about it in the article "". In our latitude, there is not enough sun, so the warm tone of the light is more pleasant and familiar to us: it "warms" the space, makes it more cozy. Neutral light tone can be used over working area, and from cold better to refuse. However, David noted important moment: All light bulbs in one room and even in the neighboring, if they look out of the room, should be one tone.

If you want to make lighting in your kitchen perfect, David advises not to miss the CRI type - the color rendering index of the bulbs: the higher this indicator, the more close to the reality will be the color you see. If you have chosen the facades of a very interesting shade, it will be a shame when with an artificial lighting light bulbs with low CRI all halftone will disappear.

General lighting

Without a common light in the kitchen, it is not necessary to do with a centralized light source, it is better to give up several built-in or overhead lamps that will give a more uniform light.

For the greatest comfort, embedded and overhead ceiling lamps must be equipped with a diffuser. However, such lamps, as a rule, are deprived of the functions of rotation, so require a neat and professional arrangement of light: the result cannot be adjusted, simply redirecting the lamp.

Alternatively, you can use track or string lights (several plafones on the rail or string system). Their advantage is that they can be moved and rotated as needed in a particular kitchen. Just the swivel plafones are also suitable.

If you send the light on the top kitchen cabinets to emphasize their beauty, pay attention to the material from which they are made. Slow up glossy and mirror facades, without creating glare and not causing discomfort, is a difficult task. This is what experts think about this: "" With matte and relief surfaces, everything is much easier.

Working area lighting

The basic principles of lighting in the working area of \u200b\u200bthe kitchen - comfort and functionality. The countertop can be highlighted using:

• lED tape, be sure to be removed in a special box;
• linear overhead luminaires whose light sources should be closed with a diffuser;
• embedded furniture lamps.

When it comes to embedded luminaires, it is necessary to take into account their location and, already on the basis of it, decide on the need for a scatterer. When placed directly above the table top and other working surfaces from the matte material, it is permissible not to use the diffuser, since there will be no glare from the countertop, and the light source itself is hidden in furniture. If the surface of the working area is glossy, then the light should be mitigated and dispel.

Dining area lighting

The dining room / dining area of \u200b\u200bthe kitchen is one of the most difficult zones for illumination, since in essence it is the heart of the whole house. However, there are various scenarios of light that can be implemented with almost any budget.

The lighting of the dining area, according to David, is subject to the three laws: brightly, intimate and comfortable. And these three mutually exclusive concepts must and can be combined within one kitchen and one table. This is what will ensure brightness without harm to comfort:

When choosing a lamp, you need to give preference to the model with a ceiling, if the table top is a matte, or a supplemented diffuser if glossy. Open directed in different directions light sources here are still banned, as they will immediately lead to blinding and glare. It is better that the lamp is pointing down on the table or kitchen island.

You can create an appropriate atmosphere for dinner using the light control function, which is no longer surprised. Now there are many models on the market, allowing to change the brightness and chromaticity of the lamp from the smartphone or manual dimmer. Of course, for the same purposes, you can hang extra bras with non-lambs or, even better, put candles on the table.

Additional lighting

Illumination inside cabinets

Such illumination in closed cabinets and drawers It can be purely functional - it will help better see the content. In the cabinets with glass doors, such lighting acquires an atmospheric character, provides a mysterious unobtrusive twilight when the remaining light sources is turned off.

Based modern tendencies, You can organize the internal illumination of cabinets with turning on two scenarios: a binding to the motion sensor when the light turns on when the door is opened, or turn on / off from an additional switch or control panel when using a common light control system.

Light over stove

The backlight of the table top does not apply to the zone above the stove, and it is also important to highlight it. Here is the most simple decision There will be a built-in luminaire. If there are no draws over the stove, then it is better to turn the ceiling lamp with directional light on the stove, as the scaventer or separate illumination on the wall above the stove will be heated by steam and quickly get dirty.

Decorative backlight over / under furniture

Decorative backlight can be in your kitchen, if such a solution provides design. I just want to discuss two points:

• The backlight under furniture can cause a feeling of instability, so it is better to choose the upper backlight or use the bottom only in the part-line mode.
• The illumination color can affect your appetite and appearance Food, so it is better to stay on close to the familiar shades of LEDs.

Photos: EINTERIORS.DESIGN, BHG.COM, WIGHTMANCONSTRUCTION.COM, Braled.com, Decor-ideas.info, Design-Homes.Ru

Lighting in the kitchen is an important question that gets up in front of the owners during the repair and design of the apartment.

Natural light is the most favorable and comfortable, but in the room it is often missing.

In this regard, it is necessary to consciously approach the issue of choosing artificial light sources. Especially important to correctly install lighting lED ribbon For a small kitchen, the design of which depends largely on how light falls.

Professional approach and timely spent engineering works Allow this question to solve and provide comfort and comfort.

In this article we will imagine you various ideas and options for lighting the kitchen both separate space and combined with the living room.

Lighting modes

To properly choose the design of the room, you need to choose the LED lighting of a certain type in advance.

Several lighting modes can be distinguished: central, special and directed.

The central light is used for general kitchen space and is achieved by using ceiling lights, built-in lamps or light tracks.

Special LED lighting solves the problem of light in the working area and is mainly a built-in illumination of cabinets and hanging elements.

The directional LED serves as an assistant in the area of \u200b\u200bzoning the kitchen and allocates certain parts of the room.

Since the modes described perform various tasks, they must be controlled by individual switches or dimmers.

The design of the apartment largely depends on the use of various light modes or, on the contrary, their combination.

This question rises especially acutely when you accept the interior decision on the small kitchen combined with the living room.

How to make the right choice?

Kitchen zones and organization of light in them

Small kitchen space is divided into two zones, working and dining; If there is enough light in each of them, the room will become comfortable for both work and recreation.

We will give you examples of how Lightsign can help in solving this issue for both functional zones.

The main task of the kitchen is to prepare a meal, which, among other things, is solved by expedient light flows of the working area, namely, countertops, gas stove and a brass cabinet.

The manufacturers of wind cabinets mainly provide users with built-in inner bulbs.

To illuminate the gas stove or cooking surface, there is a built-in hood backlight.

You can also light gas stove LED ribbon by mounting it into suspended elements, hood or suspended cabinet, if the housing is not enough light elements.

For the lighting of the countertops, there are several options from which it is worth choosing the one that best suits your interior.

Mounting backlight at the bottom hinged cabinets It is a directional light into the table top space, which in turn is convenient and comfortable for cooking.

There is also a design of a small kitchen, which uses the opening area of \u200b\u200bthe working area with a LED ribbon, which helps not only in the efficiency of the workflow, but also performs aesthetic function, since this type of lighting can be individualized under the tastes of the customer, depending on which design you Chose for kitchen room.

LED lighting allows you to visually expand the space that may be interesting solutions For the design of light flows in a small kitchen.

Due to the fact that it can be mounted in various kitchen panels (for example, mounted cabinets and apron of glass), it allows you to expand the accents in the necessary places, create a warm atmosphere and adjust the saturation and color of the light stream using the control panel itself.

It is impossible to overestimate an important working area, so it is necessary to approach the choice of lighting with special care.

Speaking about the illumination of the dining area, you must first of all perform the task of creating comfort and comfort, therefore, unlike the working area, it is better to abandon the sharp rays of artificial light.

Soft light that creates a musty in the dining room can be achieved using matte plafones on sources of artificial light, as well as several lamps hanging over the table.

An interesting solution in the design may be the installation of lamps on flexible bases, with which you can adjust their length and independence, increase or decrease the intensity of the light flux in the dining area and the working.

Also, the idea for illumination of the working area of \u200b\u200bthe dining room can be a large lamp, the light spot of which can cover the entire surface of the dining table.

The tire system of lamps in the dining area is a good option if it may be necessary to change the position of the lamps or tables.

General lighting

Natural and artificial light help us in the perception of forms, colors and complement the sensations from the seen paintings.

In this regard, the Limodizign of the interior is a very important element in the construction and repair of small cuisine.

Due to the fact that various cuisine zones have individual flows of artificial light, it is necessary to consider general lighting to create a single space.

Stretty ceiling can be interested in solving this task by mouncing in it point lighting. The lighting in the kitchen with the stretch ceiling will help the visual union of the working and dining area.

Moreover, the backlight allows you to replace the massive chandelier and create a soft scattered light.

LED backlight, how to make the earlier in this article, can also become an element of design to illuminate the ceiling zone.

Easily controlled and variable multicolor RGB ceiling backlight will allow small kitchen to create a different mood and atmosphere indoors. Such a design looks very cozy.

Ceiling lighting is better made neutral so that its design and characteristics do not enter into incision with the light of the working and dining area, as well as to organize its work in parts, which, firstly, saves electricity, and secondly - allows you to change accents with minimal efforts.

Lights in the kitchen combined with the living room

If, when planning an apartment, you came to the decision to make the design so that the dining room is combined with the living room, then you will need to additionally consider LED lighting so that both parts of the apartment are independent elements, but they looked harmoniously.

The kitchen combined with the living room requires the correct placement of accents: artificial light, created by lamps and lamps, should, on the one hand, allocate dining area Comfortable lights that create comfort for guests, and on the other - to be quite intense, so that in the working area it is convenient to the owners.

Suspended construction from drywall over a dining table in the living room with built-in point lamps is light streams combined with an interesting design.

This option will help to divide the space and highlight the living room dining area. In the kitchen, combined with the living room, can be played in the contrast of light, which visually separate these zones.

LED lighting on a small kitchen should be bright, while the living room, where there is a dining table, can be lit less bright.

The idea of \u200b\u200ba small kitchen combined with a living room, a fairly widespread solution for small premisesSince such design visually increases the space due to the lack of walls.

Various sources and modes of light, as well as thought-out Lights, allow you to properly arrange accents indoors and make it on a small kitchen combined with a living room as comfortable and pleasant as possible.

Proper lighting, regardless of the kitchen area, allows you to organize a working area for efficient cooking and at the same time reached the coil of the dining area.

The interior design is largely determined by the selected lighting, regardless of whether it is a kitchen or a space with a combined living room.

Good lighting is important in any room, but in the kitchen - especially. From how correctly you plan the light here, it depends a lot: the convenience of kitchen worries, the mood of the hostess and even the quality of cooked dishes.

And if your kitchen also performs the role of the dining room, there is definitely not to do without hospitable lighting.

How to choose this important element And all foresee in advance? About it - our detailed guidecomprising 25. best Soviets By lighting in the kitchen. You will learn:

• why in the kitchen is so important diverse lighting when and how to plan it;
• what is the difference between the local (local) light for the cooking zone and the dining table lighting;
• what types of lighting are optimal near working surfaces, and which - for cabinets;
• what types of lamps designers are chosen for different purposes (point lamps with halogen lamps, LEDs, sides, suspended lamps, etc.);
• how to choose the right light for small and big kitchen;
• how to ensure a sufficient light stream to save electricity;
• how to make the lighting plan correctly, if you are a designer yourself.

Find out the answers to these and other questions, as well as look at a large collection of examples - 85 Photo examples of lighting in the kitchen.

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Let's start with the main thing: when planning lighting?

Best of all - at the time of repair. That is how you can save yourself from the additional sticking of walls and the ceilings, as well as - from regrets about not enough easy light.

The most important is the location (wire output) and the presence of switches. And with the type of lamp, the capacity of lamps and the design of the lamp can be determined much later. Including when the repair is already complete.

How to make a lighting scheme in the kitchen for builders (electrician), if you are not a designer and do not repair professionally?

This is, of course, more complicated than the partition plan. But it is better - a simplified version than its complete absence. But the nuances (the ability to do what you want, and the price of the issue) is very desirable to discuss in detail with your electrician. More about this - at the end of this manual (section "How to make a lighting plan in the kitchen").

1-1. Miscellaneous lighting - for different purposes.

Before planning lighting, ask yourself a question: what is your kitchen, besides cooking? Coffee on an ambulance hand, unhurried lunches and dinners, meetings with friends - or all together? The more zones in your kitchen, the more there should be light. Perfect option - General lighting + so many additional lamps as needed.

Look at the photos of these cuisines: the lighting in them is planned very correctly - each for different purposes. This, by the way, is also practical - from the point of view of electricity saving without prejudice to light comfort.

1-2. General (top) lighting.

The kitchen is very important to provide a uniform "background" ceiling light. And better if such lamps are distributed across the kitchen. For general (background) lighting, it is recommended for one lamp 40-60 W on square meter. However, they can be more if the ceiling is very high.

1-3. Local (local) lighting.

Even on the smallest kitchen requires local lighting. And the more different zones - the more lamps should be. In this case, their power can be much less than if only general (ceiling) lighting was used. Yes, and energy will spend less if the light will turn on only where it is necessary.

More about which zones can be in the kitchen and how to highlight them correctly, in the following sections of this manual.

1-4. Decorative light.

Who said the lighting should be only practical? Decorative (accent) Light is perfect if you want to save the kitchen from a purely utilitarian appearance.

The flow of light here is usually minimal, but spectacular and fashionable view - guaranteed. The bottom and top of the cabinets, the shelves in the buffet - you can choose both a neutral shade of light and color. The LEDs are best coped with this.

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working area of \u200b\u200bthe kitchen

The main part of the kitchen and place where the need for comfortable light can be equated to the lighting of the desktop. If possible, divide several sections. The larger the kitchen size is the larger space for variations with the lighting of the working area.

2-1. Pay special attention to the working surface.

The food cooking area should be illuminated perfectly - this is not so much aesthetics as the security requirement. There are two optimal solutions, choose how it seems more convenient to you:

• wall lighting (on "workers apron" between the upper and lower cabinets), photo 1 and 2
• suspended directional, installed on the ceiling, photo 3 and 4.

2-2. Second ceiling or cornice.

If there is no free space on the wall, but there is (or planned) the second level of the ceiling, - install point lights in it. They will greatly cope with two roles - (a) work lighting and (b) common.

2-3. Hood with built-in lamps.

Another option of light for comfortable cooking. Lamps in hoods do not consume a lot of energy, but they are powerful enough to light up the stove, and a small space around it.

2-4. Light near washing.

This technique is used not often, but the additional comfort of the hostess is provided. If you decide to make such lighting, be sure to take care that the lamps are well protected by flames (glass or plastic).

2-5. Light under the open shelves.

In the next section, we will talk in detail about the lighting around the cabinets, including under them. And if there are no hollow cabinets? Or do you want a softest lighting of the working area? There is an elegant solution - use the shelves with lower backlight.

As a rule, it is notable design solutions. And if you want to save, - set the LEDs under the shelves, similar to those in which you will see in the "LEDs for cabinets".

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kitchen cabinets and lighting

In this section, everything concerns light around kitchen cabinets (under them, inside and above them). And also - about what type of lamps will be useful for different purposes.

3-1. Point lamps (halogens) under the cabinets.

Here we are talking about furniture dotted lamps. There is a common misconception that they will cope with the role of "Working Lighting". This is not so.

Judge for yourself: the depth of the suspension cabinets is usually about 30 cm, the lamps are located in the middle (that is, at about a distance of 18-20 cm from the wall). Table top depth - 60-65 cm. The flow of light is directed down and dissipates slightly. And now, count: What part of the countertop will not be lit? More than 2/3, and, from the side where you need.

Are there any meaning in them? Of course, they are perfect for other purposes:

• night and evening "orienting" lighting (when there is no need to turn on the top light or working);
• cozy lighting for the preparation of simple food and beverages;
• a comfortable version of light for those who "wakes up" only at breakfast, but rather early (when the window is still dark or only lights).

3-2. LEDs - for cooking zone.

Modern professional chefs are confident: when cooking, not only the abundance of light, but also its correct " colorful temperature" Simply put, the lighting should not distort the color of the products.

If you consider yourself to gourmets, at the same time treat cooking as art, the best way For you - lED bulbs With a high color rendering index.

They are usually mounted under the cabinets. And these lamps successfully replace other types of "working" lighting over the table top.

3-3. Interior lighting of kitchen cabinets.

Inaccessible zones need no less light, or even more. In addition, you will not need to turn on the top light, enough a pair of small light bulbs that will light up when the door is opened (special sensor).

The perfect lamp for the inside of the cabinet is small, 10 - 20 W. If the cabinet is high or the distance between the shelves is large, - you can choose furniture lamps with halogen lamps. If the cabinet is small or there is glass shelves, - choose overhead point lights with LEDs. The third option (rather rare) is thin luminescent tubes.

3-4. Backlight in boxes.

Also very convenient. Miniature lamps are attached on the walls of the drawer and when opening are turned on automatically - using the motion sensor. Such lamps are durable, consume a little energy, which makes them an indispensable assistant hostess.

3-5. Mini sofa above the cabinets.

This decision is often found in new version Kitchen IKEA method. Optimally, if you have a lot of cabinets with deaf (not glazed) doors. Such lamps with directed local light (mini-spotlight) are installed on the upper cornice and lightly illuminate the inside of the cabinets when you open them.

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directed local lighting

As a rule, these are "Sophytes" - lamps with a narrow flow of light aimed at the selected area. Usually have a tapered ceiling (metal or glass) and can be rotated in different directions. This makes them especially comfortable for the kitchen, allowing you to highlight the desired area.

4-1. Ceiling softens.

Usually used for general (top) lighting. The most convenient is a module of several softeh luminaires on a single base ("ceiling tire"), photo 1 and 2. The lamps can be deployed in different directions (the kitchen illuminates more evenly), but the electrical output is one (economically for electricity costs).

Sometimes there are variations: single sophytes are sometimes suspended on the ceiling at different points (photo-4) or several modules with a thin base and small beams - for a large kitchen with high ceilings (Photo-3).

4-2. Wall-mounted direction.

This solution is used for directional illumination at an altitude of 1.50-1.80 m from the floor. When good accommodation Can perform the role of work light.

4-3. Rotary wall lamps that change the angle of inclination.

Pretty rare solution from us, but very popular in Europe. This is a wall modification of a working lamp with a long adjustable tripod. Allows you to illuminate the distant table or neighbor. A more compact version is a wall-mounted swivel base (photo-3).

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lighting of different additional kitchen areas

The number of zones is usually determined by the size of the kitchen. Look at what lighting designs are recommended for different zones.

5-1. Warm light - for the dining area.

If your kitchen also performs the role of the dining room, take care of warm and cozy lighting over the dining table. Suspended lamps are best suited (one of the pair - in the size of the table). To light the light in the eye, make sure that at least 80 cm remains between the lamp and the table.

5-2. Suspended lamps over bar counter.

In addition to a special atmosphere, such lamps can make a notch of a beloved style into the kitchen. Or emphasize the one that is already there. It is very convenient if the cord of such bar luminaires is adjusted by length, allowing you to lift or lower the light relative to the bar counter.

5-3. Do not forget about the kitchen island.

This piece of furniture can perform a wide variety of roles, and special lighting is required. Think that you will suit more: suspended lamps, halogen lamps, or sconce with the possibility of adjustment.

5-4. Light in the storage room.

Whatever size is your storage room, there should be very good light in it. If this is a separate room with a door, you can install lamps with a motion sensor (eliminates the need to stew the light when the hands are engaged in products).

If your storage room is just a very large compartment (or wardrobe), - install the lamps on the side to light all the shelves.

If glass doors are located between the kitchen and the storage room, the lights will need less (you partially use the light in the kitchen and natural light day). If the ceilings are high, - on upper shelvesYou may need to install more powerful lamps.

5-5. Home office in the kitchen.

Everything is simple here: approach the lighting as well as the lighting for the desktop would be chosen in any other room. Table lampattached to the nearest outlet - optimal option. If there is little space on the table top, look a directional lamp on the wall (working version of the sconce).

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And a few more designer secrets On the topic of lighting that concern not the choice of lamps, but other concomitant, questions.

6-1. More natural light.

The perfect lighting for the kitchen is a combination of natural and artificial light. Of course, adjust the power sunlight We are not under power. But to plan the kitchen so that nothing bothered the circulation of daylight rays is quite.

6-2. Cozy light.

If you want to see the kitchen not only practical, but also convenient, choose a scattered light. Or hide lamps behind kitchen cabinets. They will greatly cope with the lighting of the passage and walls.

6-3. Reflective materials.

Lacked surfaces, steel, glass and anything, white - these are materials that will help to fill all the kitchen with the light. However, do not forget about security: the kitchen is not the place where the dazzling shine is appropriate.

Designers usually make one lighting plan, and, to the entire apartment. We advise you to make three and only for the kitchen. So you do not get confused, and the electrician will understand you correctly.

So, here is your algorithm actions:

1. Draw 3 of the same kitchen plan with the intended placement of furniture (in any graphic editor with scale compliance). For the general idea of \u200b\u200bthe lighting, you will be useful to Plan No. 1. For ceiling lighting - Plan No. 2, for wall, lighting inside cabinets and switches - Plan No. 3.

2. Imagine where you would like to have lamps (about choosing, zones and examples - all this guide, we will tell in detail below). Indicate these points on Plan No. 1. There, mark the locations of the switches.

3. Ceiling lighting and places of switches for it to copy to Plan No. 2 ("Ceiling"). Swipe the lines from each lamp to the switch.

4. Wall and what will be inside the cabinets (+ switches for them) transfer to Plan No. 3 ("walls"). And then connect the locations of the switches and lamps.

5. Now we work with plan number 3. You need to specify the height of the wire output for each of the lamps. Indicate this on the plan, taking into account the net floor level (with outdoor coating) and the location of the kitchen furniture.

6. A few words about switches (discuss with an electrician!).

It is best to arrange them not at the entrance to the kitchen (even if it is small), and at a distance of an elongated hand from the corresponding zone (work area, cabinets, the backlight of the bar rack, the light over the dining table, etc.). From the first day of use, you will see how convenient it is.

If at one point of the plan to switches you converge several lines from the lamps, use 2x and 3x keys switches.

If it is more than 2-3 lines, - you can combine multiple switches in one "frame". If there should be a socket nearby, - combine switches and sockets in one frame (for example, between the cabinets in the kitchen work area).