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The original is taken by W. bloggmaster Not Chinese built into the Great Wall

The Great Wall of China is the largest monument of human architecture. The Great Wall passes through China for 8.8 thousand km (taking into account the branches). According to the official version, the construction of large-scale strengthening began in the III century BC. e. During the Qin dynasty, during the reign of the emperor of the first central Chinese state of Qin Shihuandi. The strengthening should have been protected by the Nazis of the Emperor from the invasion of Northern Barbars and serve as the basis for the expansion of the Chinese themselves. Most of the sections of the Great Wall, which have survived to our time, were built, mainly at the Ming dynasty in 1368-1644. In addition, recent studies revealed the fact that the earliest areas belong to the 5th century BC. e.

Almost six years ago, 07.11.2006 In the magazine "Organizmica" article was published. The family "The Great Chinese Wall was built ... not the Chinese! "In which President of the Academy of Fundamental Sciences Andrei Aleksandrovich Tyunyev expressed his considerations about the non-Chinese origin of the" Chinese "wall:

- As you know, north of modern China existed another, much more ancient civilization. This is repeatedly confirmed by archaeological discoveries made in particular, in the territory Eastern Siberia. Impressive testimonies of this civilization, comparable to Arkim in the Urals, not only have not yet been studied and not comprehended by world historical science, but did not even receive due appreciation in Russia itself. As for the so-called "Chinese" wall, it is not entirely legitimate about the achievement of an ancient Chinese civilization. Here, only one fact is enough to confirm our scientific right. The loopholes at a significant part of the wall are directed not to the north, but south! And it is clearly seen not only on the most ancient, not reconstructed parts of the wall, but even at recent photos and in the works of the Chinese figure.

It was also assumed that, in fact, the "Chinese" wall was built for defense from the Chinese, who later simply assigned to the achievements of other ancient civilizations.

After the release of this article, its data was used by many media. In particular, Ivan Koltsov published on November 22, 2006 in the Central Body of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the newspaper "Red Star" Article "The History of the Fatherland. Rus began in Siberia, "which spoke about the discovery, which researchers from the Academy of Fundamental Sciences. After that, interest in reality in relation to the "Chinese" wall increased significantly.

The "Chinese" wall is made similar to the European and Russian medieval walls, the main direction of which is to protect against firearms. Planting such structures began not earlier than the 15th century, when guns and other siege guns appeared on the battlefields. Previously, the 15th century, of course, there were no tools in the so-called "northern nomads".

From the experience of building the construction of such a plan, it follows: "Chinese" wall was built as a military-defensive structure, denoting the border between the two countries - China and Russia, after an agreement on this border was reached. And it can confirm a map of the time when the border between Russia and China took place on the "Chinese" wall.

Today, the "Chinese" wall is located inside China and testifies to the misunderstanding of the location of Chinese citizens in the territories located north of the wall.

Name "Chinese" wall

On the map of Asia of the 18th century, made by the Royal Academy in Amsterdam, labeled two geographical education: from the north - Tartaria (Tartarie), from the South - China (CHINE), the northern border of which goes about the 40th parallel, that is, exactly "Chinese" wall. On this map, the wall indicates the fat line and signed "Muraille De La Chine", now it is often that the phrase is translated from French as the "Chinese Wall". However, literally we have the following: Muraille "Wall" in a nominal design with a pretext of DE (SUB + Preposition DE + SUT.) La Cine expresses it with it, that is, "Wall of China".

But in other versions of the same design, the other values \u200b\u200bof the phrase "Muraille De La Chine" are detected. For example, if it denotes the subject and its name, then we will get the "Wall of China" (similarly, for example, Place de La Concorde - the area of \u200b\u200bconsent), that is, the wall, built not by China, but called in his honor - the cause of education was the presence next to China wall. Declaring this position we discover in another embodiment of the same design, that is, if Muraille De La Cine indicates the action and item to which it is directed, then the "wall (from) of China". I get the same with another embodiment of the same design - the subject and location of it (in the same way, Appartement de la Rue de Grenelle is an apartment on Grennel Street), that is, "wall (in the neighborhood) with China." The causal construct allows us to translate the phrase "Muraille De La Chine" literally like the "wall from China" (similarly, for example, Rouge de Fièvre is red from the heat, PâLe De Colère is pale from anger).

Compare, in the apartment or in the house we call the wall that separates us from the neighbors, a neighbor wall, and that wall that separates us from the outer is an outer wall. We have the same with the name of the borders: the Finnish border, "on the Chinese border", "at the Lithuanian border." And all these boundaries did not build those states whose names they are named, and then the state (Russia), which defends himself from these states. In this case, adjectives indicate only the geographical location of Russian borders.

In this way, the phrase "Muraille De La Chine" should be translated as "wall from China", "Wall, separating from China".

Images of "Chinese" walls on the maps

Cartographers of the 18th century depicted on the maps only those objects that were related to political delimitation of countries. On the 18th century Asia mentioned Map of the 18th century, the border between Tartaria (Tartarie) and China (CHINE) passes along the 40th parallels, that is, exactly on the "Chinese" wall. On the map of 1754, Carte de L "Asie" "Chinese" Wall also passes along the border between the Great Tatar and China. In the Academic 10-Tomny World History, a map of the Qing Empire of the second half of the 17th - 18th centuries is presented. In detail depicts a "Chinese" wall, passing exactly along the border between Russia and China.

Building time "Chinese" wall

According to Chinese scientists, the Great "Chinese" wall began to be built in 246th BC. Emperor Shi-Hoangti. Wall height - from 6 to 7 meters.

Fig. Sections of the "Chinese" walls built at different times (data of Chinese researchers).

L.N. Gumilyov wrote: " The wall stretches for 4 thousand km. Its height reached 10 meters, and after every 60 - 100 meters wrapped the guard towers" The purpose of its construction is to protect against the northern nomads. However, the wall was built only by the 1620th year of AD, that is, after 1866 years, explicitly eroding the compliance with the goal declared at the beginning of construction.

From European experience, it is known that the ancient walls, more than a few hundred years old, and rebuild - in view of the fact that both the materials and the construction itself are gaining fatigue for a longer time and simply fall apart. So, many military fortifications in Russia were rebuilt in the 16th century. But representatives of China continue to argue that the "Chinese" wall was built that was 2000 years ago and now appears before us in the very original form.

L.N. Gumilyov also wrote:

"When the work was completed, it turned out that all China's armed forces would not be enough to organize an effective defense on the wall. In fact, if you put a small detachment for each tower, then the enemy will destroy it earlier than the neighbors will have time to gather and submit help. If you put large detachments in portions, then the gaps are formed through which the enemy will easily and imperceptibly penetrate the country. Fortress without defenders is not a fortress. "

But let's use Chinese datches and see who and against whom the various sections of the wall.

Early Iron Century

Trace the stages of the construction of the "Chinese" walls based on Chinese scientists are extremely interesting. Of these, it can be seen that Chinese scientists who call the Wall of the "Chinese", not much care that the Chinese people himself did not accept any participation in its construction: every time the next section of the wall was built, the Chinese state was far from construction sites.

So the first and most part of the wall is built in the period from 445 BC. On 222 BC. It passes along 41 ° - 42 ° Northern latitude and at the same time along some plots r. Huanghe.

At this time, naturally, no Mongol-Tatar was. Moreover, the first association of peoples in the composition of China took place only in 221 BC. Under the kingdom of Qin. And before that, there was a period of Zhanggo (5 - 3 centners. BC), in which eight states existed in China. Only in the middle of the 4th century. BC. Qin began the struggle against other kingdoms and to 221 BC. e. Communicated some of them.

Fig. Sections of the "Chinese" walls to the beginning of the establishment of the state of Qin (by 222 BC).

The figure shows that the Western and Northern Border of the Qin state to 221 BC. She began to coincide with the plot of "Chinese" wall, which began to be built in 445 BC. and was built in 222 BC

Fig. Sections of the "Chinese" wall in the first five years of the state of Qin (221-206 BC).

Thus, we see that this section of the "Chinese" walls were built by the Chinese state of Qin, but northern neighbors, but precisely from the Chinese propagating to the north. In just 5 years - from 221 to 206. BC. - Wall was built along the entire border of the state of Qin, which stopped the spread of his subjects north and west. In addition, at the same time, the second line of defense from Qin is the second "Chinese" wall of this period was built at the same time at the same time.

Fig. Plots "Chinese" walls in the Han era (206 BC - 220 AD).

The next period of construction covers the time from 206 BC. On 220 AD. During this period, the sections of the wall were built, located 500 km west and 100 km north of the previous ones.

Early medieval

In 386 - 535 17 of the non-Chinese kingdoms that existed in North China were united in one state - North Wei.

Their forces and precisely during this period the following part of the wall (386 - 576) was erected, one part of which was built along the previous section (probably destroyed from time), and the second part - at 50 - 100 km south - on the border with China.

Developed Middle Ages

In the period from 618 to 907. China Rules of the Tang Dynasty, which did not marks themselves victories over the northern neighbors.

Fig. Plots "Chinese" walls built to the beginning of the board of the Tang dynasty.

In the next period, from 960 to 1279. In China, the Empire Song was established. At this time, China has lost the domination over his vassals in the West, in the northeast (on the territory of the Korean Peninsula) and in the south - in North Vietnam. The Soon Empire lost a significant part of the territories of the Chinese actually in the north and north-west, who has departed to the Kiden State of Liao (part of the modern provinces of Hebei and Shanxi), the Tangutsky kingdom of Si-Xia (part of the territories of the modern province of Shaanxi, the territory of the modern province of Gansu and Ninxia-Huieski autonomous area).

Fig. Sections of the "Chinese" walls built during the reign of the Sun dynasty.

In 1125, the border between the non-Chinese kingdom of Zhurzheney and China took place on the river. Huihehe is 500 - 700 km south of the places of the built wall. And in 1141, a peace treaty was signed, according to which the Chinese Soon Empire recognized himself by Vassal of the Nekitai State of Jin, obliged to pay him a big tribute.

However, so far the actual China junteled south of r. Hahunue, at 2100 - 2500 km north of its borders was erected by another section of the "Chinese" wall. This part of the wall, built from 1066 to 1234, passes through the Russian territory north of P. Born next to p. Argun. At the same time, at 1500 - 2000 km north of China, another part of the wall was built along Great Hinghana.

Later Middle Ages

The next segment of the wall was built in the period from 1366 - 1644. It takes place on the 40th parallel from Andong (40 °), just north of Beijing (40 °), through Yinchuan (39 °) to Dunhuan and AnSi (40 °) in the West. This segment of the wall is the last, the most southernmost And the most deeply penetrating into the territory of China.

Fig. Sections of the "Chinese" walls built during the reign of the Ming dynasty.

In China, at this time the rules of the Ming dynasty (1368 - 1644). In early 15th century, this dynasty did not protect politics, but an external expansion. For example, in 1407, the Chinese troops seized Vietnam, that is, the territories located outside the eastern plot of the "Chinese" wall built in 1368 - 1644. In 1618, Russia managed to agree with China about the border (Mission I. Petlin).

During the construction of this section of the wall to russian territories Trended all the Amur region. By the middle of the 17th century, the Russian fortresses (Albazinsky, Kuhamsky, etc.) were already existed on both shores of Amur, the peasant Slobods and Pashnya. In 1656, Daurosky (later - Albazinskoye) was formed, in which the Valley of the Upper and Middle Amur was included on both shores.

From the Chinese side - from 1644 in China began to rule the Qing dynasty. In the 17th century, the border of the Empire Qing took place just north of the Liaodong Peninsula, that is, exactly in this section of the "Chinese" wall (1366 - 1644).

In the 1650s and later the Zing Empire tried to capture Russian possessions in the Amur basin. On the side of China also performed Christians. China demanded not only all the Amur region, but all the land east of Lena. As a result, in the Nerchinsky Agreement (1689), Russia was forced to give up the Qing Empire to his possessions on the right bank of the river. Argun and part of the left and right banks of Amur.

Thus, during the construction of the last section of the "Chinese" wall (1368 - 1644), it was the Chinese side (min and Qing) who led concluded wars in relation to the Russian lands. Therefore, Russia was forced to lead defensive border wars with China (see S.M. Soloviev, "History of Russia from ancient times", Volume 12, Chapter 5).

Built by the Russians by 1644, the "Chinese" wall passed exactly along the border of Russia with Qing China. In the 1650s, Qing China invaded Russian lands to a depth of 1500 km, which was enshrined by the Aigunsky (1858) and Peking (1860) of contracts.

conclusions

From the above we can formulate the following conclusions:

1. The name "Chinese" wall denotes the "wall that is degrading from China" (similar to the way the Chinese border, the Finnish border, etc.).
2. At the same time, the origin of the word "China" comes from the Russian "Whale" - the binding of Zherdess, which were used in the construction of fortifications; Thus, the name of the district of Moscow "China-City" is given in the same way in the 16th century (that is, before the official knowledge of China), the construction itself consisted of a stone wall with 13 towers and 6 goal;
3. The construction time of the "Chinese" wall is divided into several stages, in which:
   • The first section of the Nekitans began with Troit in 445 BC, and, building by 221 BC, stopped the promotion of Chinese Qin north and the West;
   • The second plot was built by non-residents from North Way in the period from 386 to 576;
   • The third site was built by non-receptions from 1066 to 1234. Two thresholds: one at 2100 - 2500 km, and the second - in 1500 - 2000 km north of China's borders, held at this time by r. Juanhe;
   • The fourth and last plot was built by Russians in the period from 1366 - 1644. Along the 40th parallels - the southernmost plot - it was the border between Russia and China's Qing Dynasty.
4. In the 1650s and later the Qing Empire seized Russian ownership in the Amur basin. The "Chinese" wall was inside the territory of China.
5. Everything that said confirms the fact that the "Chinese" walls are looking at the south - that is, on the Chinese.
6. The "Chinese" wall was built by Russian settlers on Amur and in Northern China to protect against the Chinese.

Old Russian style in the architecture of the Chinese wall

In 2008, at the First International Congress "Docyrillovskaya Slavic Writing and Doharistian Slavic Culture" in Leningrad state University named after A.S. Pushkin (St. Petersburg) was made by the report "China - the younger brother of Russia", in which fragments of neolithic ceramics were presented from the territory of the eastern part of North China. It turned out that the signs depicted on the ceramics do not have anything in common with Chinese "hieroglyphs", but they detect almost complete coincidence with the Old Russian Runitsa - up to 80% [ Tyunyev, 2008.].

In another article - "In Neolithic North China, Russians inhabited" - on the basis of the latest archaeological data, it has been shown that in Neolithic and bronze the population of the western part of North China was not a mongoloid, but the European one. These genetics have made a refinement: this population was ancient Russian origin and had an ancient Russian haplogroup R1A1 [ Tyuniyev, 2010.a.]. Mythological data say that the movement of ancient rules in the eastern direction was headed by Bogwir and Slavunya and their son Scyth [ Tyuniyev, 2010.]. These events are reflected in the veleage book, the people of which in the 1st millennium BC. Partially gone to the West [ Tyuniyev, 2010.b.].

In the work of the "Chinese wall - a great barrage from the Chinese" we came to the conclusion that all sections of the Chinese wall were erected not by the Chinese, since the Chinese at the time of construction were simply not in the places of construction of the wall. In addition, the last section of the wall was most likely built by the Russians in the period from 1366 - 1644. Along the 40th parallels. This is the southernmost plot. And he was the official border between Russia and China under the control of the Qing dynasty. That is why the name "Chinese wall" literally means a "wall, rewarding from China" and has the same meaning as the "Chinese border", "Finnish border", etc.

Fig. 1. Sections of the "Chinese" walls built during the reign of the Ming dynasty.

In 1644, the Manchurian army captured Beijing, the period of domination of the Qing dynasty began. In the XVII century, the border of the Empire of Qing was a little north of the Liaodunsky Peninsula, that is, exactly in the section "Chinese" wall created in 14-17 centuries. The Qing Empire entered into conflict with Russia and tried to seize Russian possessions in the Amur River Basin. The Chinese demanded that they were not only the ground of the entire Amur region, but also the territory east of the Lena River. The Qing Empire was able to capture a part of Russian possessions in the Amur basin. As a result of the Chinese expansion, t. N. The "Chinese" wall was within the territory of modern China. Thus, it is clear that the Great Wall (often simply shaft) was not created by the Chinese, but their northern opponents since the late iron century (5-3 centuries to n. E.) Until the time of the Empire Qin and Russia of the mid-17th century. It is clear that further large-scale studies are needed to confirm this fact. But now it is becoming more apparent that a modern historical myth, which is impossible to us in the heads almost since the cradle, has little common with the genuine history of Russia and humanity. The Gods of the Russian people, ancient times, inhabited huge territories from central Europe to the expanses of Siberia and the lands of modern North China.

In the article "Ancient Russian style in the architecture of the Chinese Wall", Andrei Tyunyev made a few more deserving conclusions. First, the towers of the ancient Russian fortresses, the Kremlin and the fortress walls on one side and the tower of the Great Wall (the last section of the wall, built during the Ming Empire) - on the other, created if not in one, then in a very strong coincident architectural style. For example, the towers of European castles and fortress walls on one side and strengthening Russia and the "Chinese" walls on the other are absolutely different. Secondly, two types of fortifications can be distinguished on the territory of modern China: "Northern" and "South". The Northern Type of Strengths is designed for long defense, the towers provide maximum battling opportunities. It can be concluded that the battles on this line of fortifications were strategic and was carried out between completely alien cultures. For example, it is known that the early Chinese kingdoms practiced massive sacrifices of prisoners. For "Northern Varvarov", the delivery was an unacceptable step. The southern type of fortifications had a tactical nature and, apparently, was built in the lands, which have long been mastered by Chinese civilization. Often, only the ruling dynasty was replaced during the grips, the majority of the population did not suffer from this. Therefore, the strengthening may have actually decorative in nature, or are designed for a short-term siege. Towers and walls of fortresses do not have a developed system of defensive combat. Thus, the architecture of defensive structures confirms the presence of two powerful cultures on the territory of modern China: South and North. Northern civilization has long been leading for a long time, gave the South the ruling dynasties, military elite, advanced achievements of spiritual and material culture. But in the end, the south won up.

1. Features of medieval defensive towers

From here and the architectural style of the Chinese Wall, which captured its bright features of the handprints of its true builders. Elements of walls and towers, similar to the fragments of the Chinese Wall, in the Middle Ages we find only in the architecture of the Old Russian defensive structures of the central regions of Russia.

In fig. 1.1 Two towers are represented - from the Wall and from the Novgorod Kremlin. As can be seen from the comparison, the shape of the towers is the same: a rectangle, slightly narrowed up. From the walls inside and that, and the other tower leads an entrance, covered with a round arch, posted from the same brick as the wall with the tower. Each of the towers has two top "workers" of the floor. In the first floor and the other tower made roundard windows. In the "Chinese" tower, the first floor is located at the same level as the entrance, therefore, the place of one of the windows occupies input opening. The number of windows of the first floor and in the other tower - 3 on one side and 4 to another. The height of the windows is approximately the same - about 130 - 160 cm.

On the top, the second floor is located boy citizens . They are made in the form of rectangular narrow grooves, width, approximately 35 - 45 cm (judging by the photo). The number of such boys in the "Chinese" tower is 3 in depth and 4 wide, and in Novgorod - 4 in depth and 5 width.

On the top floor of the "Chinese" tower, the square holes go along its very edge. There are the same holes in the Novgorod Tower, and the ends stick out of them stropil on which keeps wooden roof. This design of the roof and rafters is now distributed.

In fig. 1.2 shows the same "Chinese" tower. But the other Tower of the Novgorod Kremlin, which on the top floor is 3 bobbs in depth, as well as in the Chinese, but 5 boys in width (in the "Chinese" 4). Almost identical to the arched roads of the lower floors.

In fig. 1.3 On the left, the same "Chinese" tower, and on the right Tower of the Tula Kremlin. Now the "Chinese" and Tula towers the same number of boys in the width is 4. And the same number of arched outlooks - on 4. On the upper floor there are small and in the "Chinese", and from the Tula towers. The shape of the towers is still the same. In the Tula Tower, as in the "Chinese", used white stone. The vaults are equally performed: Tula - Gate, at the "Chinese" - inputs.

In fig. 1.4 Two more towers are represented - on the left "Chinese" (photo 1907) and the right of the Novgorod Kremlin. Constructive features are the same as above. The "Chinese" tower between the floors from the walls are two fragments, perhaps these are lags on which the overlap between the floors is built (similar to the rafters that we mentioned above). The Tower of Novgorod Kremlin, among other things, there is a protruding brick belt. It is similar to the same belt from the "Chinese" towers, but is located below the floor.

On the same photograph of 1907, another tower is also depicted (see Fig. 1.5). It has only floor with arched peasons - 3 out of each side. The Tower of Zaraysky Kremlin also has only floor with arched caps (4 on each side). In fig. 1.6 presented "Chinese" towers with different features, in fig. 1.7 presents Russian counterparts.

Fig. 1.7. Russian towers: Left - Nikolsky Gate (Smolensk, Pogudin-Gorsky photo); In the center - Northern Fortress Wall of the Nikitsky Monastery (Pereslavl-Zalessky, 16th century); Right - Tower in Suzdal (mid 17 century).

As can be seen from the presented materials, constructive features The Chinese wall towers detect almost accurate analogies among the towers of Russian Kremlin.

2. Comparison of architectural features of medieval towers of Europe, Asia and the Chinese wall

Some researchers argue that in their architectural features of the Chinese Wall Tower are more similar to the towers of European defensive structures. For comparison, we give some photos of the towers from different countries Europe and Asia.

In fig. 2.1 Presented two fortress walls - Spanish city of Avila and the Chinese city of Beijing. As you can see, they are similar among themselves. Especially in the fact that the towers are located very often and practically do not have any architectural devices for military needs. Especially primitive Beijing towers. They only have an upper deck with braces. And the Beijing towers are posted in one height with the rest of the wall. Neither the Spanish towers nor Peking detects such a high resemblance to the Chinese wall towers, as the towers of the Russian Kremlin and the fortress walls are found.

Presented in Fig. 2.2 Options for towers of European fortress walls clearly show that the architectural tradition of defensive structures in Europe was very different from the tradition of construction and ancient Russian fortifications (Kremlin) and the Chinese wall. European towers and walls are much thinner, the towers almost deaf and are not adapted to be from their territory a large number of Armed people led active fire.

Fig. 2.3. Asian towers (left - right): Liaoyan Tower (China); fortress wall arch; Fortress Wall and Tower (Baku); Tower and Fortress Wall of the Red Fort (Delhi).

In fig. 2.3 Presented options for Asian towers. None of them has nothing to do with the Chinese Wall Testers, even the Chinese - Liaoyan Tower.

All presented options for fortress towers can be divided into two large streams and draw the following conclusions:

1. The first stream is the towers of the Old Russian Kremlin and the fortress walls on one side and the Chinese Wall Tower - on the other. The towers of this stream are made if not in one, then in a practically coincident architectural tradition.
2. The second stream is the towers of European castles and the fortress walls on the one hand and the tower of eastern defensive structures. The towers of this stream also detect some similarities among themselves, but absolutely different from the ancient Russian fortress towers, and from the towers of the Chinese wall.
3. The differences between the architectural features of the towers of the specified two streams are so reportable, which make it possible to talk about the existence of two traditions: we will call them conditionally "Northern" and "South".
   The northern tradition of the construction of fortress towers suggests that these towers, like structures in general, lined up with the calculation of long defensive battles in which architectural features The towers provided advocates for the maximum possibilities for fighting. The structure of these structures also says that collisions on this barracks were strategic in nature and took place between two populations of purely unreliable human species, when the conclusion of the tactical world was impossible due to the subsequent complete extermination of the defenders attacked.
   The South Tradition says more that the southern defensive structures had tactical importance and were located within the territories oblivioned by the same type of man, and separated only the possessions of one veelmembore from the possessions of the other. When capturing the peaceful population did not always suffer from the hands of the conquerors, so, as we know from the story, frequent surrenders of fortresses happened without a fight and without serious consequences. Therefore, most southern towers and walls have a tactical purpose or even semi-peculiar (as, for example, an elevation). Towers and walls of such fortresses do not have a developed structure to conduct defensive battle. Even with a large thickness and height of the walls, such as the Beijing city wall, its purpose in defensive plan is rather more passively.
4. Comparison of these two threads may indicate that there were two massive civilizations of antiquity: North and South. The Kremlin and the Wall of the Wall are built by the Northern Civilization. The fact that the walls of the buildings of the Northern civilization are adapted to keep a battle, suggests that in most cases, representatives of South civilization acted as aggressors.

Literature:

1. Solovyov, 1879.. Soloviev S.M., History of Russia from ancient times, Volume 12, Chapter 5. 1851 - 1879.
2. Tyunyev, 2008..
3. Tyuniyev, 2010.. Tyunyev A.A. Ancient Rus, Svarog and naval grandchildren // Studies of ancient Russian mythology. - M.: 2010.
4. Tyuniyev, 2010.a.. Tyunyev. In Neolithic North China inhabited Russian.
5. Tyuniyev, 2010.b.. About traveling people VK.

Colossal defensive structures, famous today called the "Great Wall of China", were built by those who have possessed technology thousand years ago to which we have not yet grown. And it was clearly not the Chinese ...

In China, there is another material evidence of the presence of a highly developed civilization in this country, to which the Chinese do not have relations. Unlike chinese pyramidsThis testimony is well known to everyone. This is the so-called The great Wall of China.

Let's see what orthodox historians say about this largest architectural monument, which has recently become the main tourist attraction of China. The wall is located in the north of the country, stretching from the sea coast and leaving into the depths of Mongolian steppes, and for different estimates has a length, taking into account the branches, from 6 to 13,000 km. Wall thickness - a few meters (on average 5 meters), height is 6-10 meters. It is argued that the wall included 25 thousand towers.

Short story The construction of the wall today looks like this. Build the wall allegedly started yet in the III century BC During the board of the dynasty QinTo protect against nomads from the north and clearly define the border of the Chinese civilization. The initiator of the construction was the famous "Mortacebade of the Land of Chinese" Emperor Qin Shi-Huangi. He drove for about half a million people for the construction of about half a million, which at 20 million of the common population is a very impressive figure. Then the wall was a construction mainly from the Earth - a huge earthy tree.

During the board of the dynasty Han (206 BC. E. - 220 AD) The wall was expanded to the West, strengthened with a stone and built a line of guard towers, which went deep into the desert. With dynasty Min. (1368-1644) The wall continued to build further. As a result, it stretches from the east to the west of the Bohaji Gulf in the yellow sea to the western border of the modern provinces of Gansu, entering the territory of the Gobi desert. It is believed that this wall was made by the efforts of the millions of Chinese from bricks and stone blocks, so these sections of the walls were preserved to this day in this form in which it was already used to see a modern tourist. Ming dynasty changed the Manchurian dynasty Qing (1644-1911), which was not engaged in the construction of the wall. It limited himself only to maintaining relative small plot Near Beijing, who served as "gates to the capital."

In 1899, American newspapers were raised about the fact that the wall will soon be demolished, and in her place will be built a highway. However, no one was going to demolish anything. Moreover, in 1984, a program on the restoration of the wall on the initiative of Dan Xiaopin started and under the leadership of Mao Jie Duna, which is carried out and now, and is funded from the funds of Chinese and foreign companies, as well as individuals. How many Mao drove to the restoration of the wall, not reported. Several areas were repaired, somewhat raised at all. So we can assume that in 1984 the construction of the fourth Chinese wall began. Usually, tourists show one of the sections of the wall, located 60 km north-west of Beijing. This is a District of Mount Badalin (Badaling), the length of the wall is 50 km.

The greatest impression of the wall does not produce in the Beijing area, where it is erected on not very high mountains, and in remote mountainous areas. There, by the way, it is very clearly seen that the wall, like a defensive structure, is very thoughtful. First, on the very wall together, five people could move together in a row, so she was and good dear, which is extremely important if necessary for the transfer of troops. Under the cover of the teeth, the guards could be secretly sewed to the site where the enemies planned to attack. The signal towers were arranged in such a way that each of them was in the visibility zone of the other two. Some important messages were transferred either by drumbo, or smoke or fire fire. Thus, the message about the invasion of the enemy from the farthest frontes could be transferred to the center per day!

In the process of restoration of the walls opened interesting Facts. For example, its stone blocks were bonded between themselves with a sticky porridge with an admixture of gasheny lime. Or what bobers on her fortresses looked in the direction of China; that from the north side the height of the wall is small, much less than with southern and there are stairs. The latest faces, for obvious reasons, are not advertised and not commented by official science - neither Chinese nor world. Moreover, with the reconstruction of the towers, the loopholes are trying to build in the opposite direction, although it is not possible everywhere. These photographs show the south side of the wall - the sun shines at noon.

However, on this oddity with the Chinese wall do not end. Wikipedia has a complete wall map where various color shows a wall that every Chinese dynasty has built. As we see, the Great Wall, it turns out not alone. North China often and Gusto Usiyan "Great Chinese Walls", which enter the territory of modern Mongolia and even Russia. Light on these oddities shed A.A. Tyunyev In his work "The Women's Wall is a great barrage from the Chinese":

"Trace the stages of the construction of" Chinese "walls based on Chinese scientists, extremely interesting. Of these, it can be seen that Chinese scientists who call the Wall of the "Chinese", not much care that the Chinese people himself did not accept any participation in its construction: every time the next section of the wall was built, the Chinese state was far from construction sites.

So the first and most part of the wall is built in the period from 445 BC. On 222 BC. It passes along 41-42 ° Northern latitude and at the same time along some areas p. Huanghe. At this time, naturally, no Mongol-Tatar was. Moreover, the first association of peoples in the composition of China took place only in 221 BC. Under the kingdom of Qin. And before that there was a period of Zhanggo (5-3 centuries. BC), in which eight states existed in China. Only in the middle of the 4th century. BC. Qin began the fight against other kingdoms, and to 221 BC Communicated some of them.

The figure shows that the Western and Northern Border of the Qin state to 221 BC. began to coincide with the plot of "Chinese" wall, which began to be built yet in 445 BC. and was built precisely in 222 BC.

Thus, we see that this section of the "Chinese" walls built not the Chinese state of Qin, but northern neighborsBut it is from the Chinese propagating to the north. In just 5 years - from 221 to 206. BC. - Wall was built along the entire border of the state of Qin, which stopped the spread of his subjects north and west. In addition, at the same time, 100-200 km west and norther from the first were built and the second line of defense from Qin - the second "Chinese" wall of this period was built.

The next period of construction covers time from 206 BC On 220 AD. During this period, sections of the wall were built, located 500 km west and 100 km north of the previous ones ... from 618 to 907 China Rules of the Tang Dynasty, which did not marks themselves victories over the northern neighbors.

In the next period from 960 to 1279. In China, the Empire Song was established. At this time, China has lost the domination over his vassals in the West, in the northeast (on the territory of the Korean Peninsula) and in the south - in North Vietnam. The Soon Empire lost a significant part of the territories of the Chinese actually in the north and north-west, who has departed to the Kiden State of Liao (part of the modern provinces of Hebei and Shanxi), the Tangutsky kingdom of Si-Xia (part of the territories of the modern province of Shaanxi, the territory of the modern province of Gansu and Ninxia-Huieski autonomous area).

In 1125, the border between the non-Chinese kingdom of Zhurzheney and China took place on the river. Huihehe is 500-700 km south of the places of the built wall. And in 1141, a peace treaty was signed, according to which the Chinese Soon Empire recognized himself by Vassal of the Nekitai State of Jin, obliged to pay him a big tribute.

However, so far, China itself is nodded to the south of r. Hahunue, at 2100-2500 km north of his borders was erected by another section of the "Chinese" wall. This part of the wall, built from 1066 to 1234., It takes place on the Russian territory north of the village of Born next to the p. Argun. At the same time, 1500-2000 km north of China built another segment of the wall, located along the Big Hingana ...

The next segment of the wall was built in the period from 1366 to 1644. It takes place on the 40th parallel from Andong (40 °), just north of Beijing (40 °), through Yinchuan (39 °) to Dunhuan and AnSi (40 °) in the West. This section of the wall is the last, the most southernmost and deeper penetrating into the territory of China ... During the construction of this section of the wall to Russian territories, all the Amur region applied. By the middle of the 17th century, the Russian fortresses (Albazinsky, Kuhamsky, etc.) were already existed on both shores of Amur, the peasant Slobods and Pashnya. In 1656, Dauro (later - Albazinskoye) was formed, in which the Valley of the Upper and Middle Amur was part of both shores ... Built by the Russians by Russians by 1644, the "Chinese" wall took place exactly along the border of Russia with Qing China. In the 1650s, Qing China invaded Russian lands to a depth of 1500 km, which was enshrined by Aigunsky (1858) and Peking (1860) contracts ... "

Today, the Chinese wall is located inside China. However, it was a time when the wall indicated border of the country. This fact confirms the old maps that came to us. For example, the map of China's famous medieval cartogfer Abraham Ortelus from its geographical atlas of the world Theatrum Orbis Terrarum 1602 years. On the North map is located on the right. It is clearly seen that China is separated from the Northern country - Tartaria by the wall. On the map of 1754 "LE CARTE DE L'ASIE" It is also clear that China's border with the Great Tartaria passes along the wall. And even the 1880 card shows the wall as the border of China with the northern neighbor. It is noteworthy that part of the wall goes far enough to the territory of the Western neighbor of China - Chinese Tartarium ...

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It was assumed that in fact the "Chinese" wall was built for defense from the Chinese, who later simply assigned to the achievements of other ancient civilizations. Here, only one fact is enough to confirm our scientific right. The loopholes at a significant part of the wall are directed not to the north, but south! And it is clearly seen not only on the most ancient, not reconstructed parts of the wall, but even at recent photos and in the works of the Chinese figure.

Architecture and defensive structures on the territory of modern China

The "Chinese" wall is made similar to the European and Russian medieval walls, the main direction of which is to protect against firearms. Planting such structures began not earlier than the 15th century, when guns and other siege guns appeared on the battlefields. Previously, the 15th century, of course, there were no tools in the so-called "northern nomads".

From the experience of building the construction of such a plan, it follows: "Chinese" wall was built as a military-defensive structure, denoting the border between the two countries - China and Russia, after an agreement on this border was reached. And it can confirm a map of the time when the border between Russia and China took place on the "Chinese" wall.

Today, the "Chinese" wall is located inside China and testifies to the misunderstanding of the location of Chinese citizens in the territories located north of the wall.

Name "Chinese" wall

On the map of Asia of the 18th century, made by the Royal Academy in Amsterdam, labeled two geographical education: from the north - Tartaria (Tartarie), from the South - China (CHINE), the northern border of which goes about the 40th parallel, that is, exactly "Chinese" wall. On this map, the wall indicates the fat line and signed "Muraille De La Chine", now it is often that the phrase is translated from French as the "Chinese Wall". However, literally we have the following: Muraille "Wall" in a nominal design with a pretext of DE (SUB + Preposition DE + SUT.) La Cine expresses it with it, that is, "Wall of China".

But in other versions of the same design, the other values \u200b\u200bof the phrase "Muraille De La Chine" are detected. For example, if it denotes the subject and its name, then we will get the "Wall of China" (similarly, for example, Place de La Concorde - the area of \u200b\u200bconsent), that is, the wall, built not by China, but called in his honor - the cause of education was the presence next to China wall. Declaring this position we discover in another embodiment of the same design, that is, if Muraille De La Cine indicates the action and item to which it is directed, then the "wall (from) of China". I get the same with another embodiment of the same design - the subject and location of it (in the same way, Appartement de la Rue de Grenelle is an apartment on Grennel Street), that is, "wall (in the neighborhood) with China." The causal construct allows us to translate the phrase "Muraille De La Chine" literally like the "wall from China" (similarly, for example, Rouge de Fièvre is red from the heat, PâLe De Colère is pale from anger).

Compare, in the apartment or in the house we call the wall that separates us from the neighbors, a neighbor wall, and that wall that separates us from the outer is an outer wall. We have the same with the name of the borders: the Finnish border, "on the Chinese border", "at the Lithuanian border." And all these boundaries did not build those states whose names they are named, and then the state (Russia), which defends himself from these states. In this case, adjectives indicate only the geographical location of Russian borders.

Thus, the phrase "Muraille De La Cine" should be translated as "wall from China", "wall, separating from China."

Images of "Chinese" walls on the maps

Cartographers of the 18th century depicted on the maps only those objects that were related to political delimitation of countries. On the 18th century Asia mentioned Map of the 18th century, the border between Tartaria (Tartarie) and China (CHINE) passes along the 40th parallels, that is, exactly on the "Chinese" wall. On the map of 1754, Carte De L'Asie "Chinese" wall also passes along the border between the Great Tatar and China. In the Academic 10-Tomny World History, a map of the Qing Empire of the second half of the 17th - 18th centuries is presented, on which the "Chinese" wall is depicted in detail, passing exactly along the border between Russia and China.

Building time "Chinese" wall

According to Chinese scientists, the Great "Chinese" wall began to be built in 246th BC. Emperor Shi-Hoangti. Wall height - from 6 to 7 meters.

Sections of "Chinese" walls built at different times

L.N. Gumilyov wrote: "The wall stretches for 4 thousand km. The height of it reached 10 meters, and after every 60 - 100 meters, guard towers rinsed. " The purpose of its construction is to protect against the northern nomads. However, the wall was built only by the 1620th year of AD, that is, after 1866 years, explicitly eroding the compliance with the goal declared at the beginning of construction.

From European experience, it is known that the ancient walls, more than a few hundred years old, and rebuild - in view of the fact that both the materials and the construction itself are gaining fatigue for a longer time and simply fall apart. So, many military fortifications in Russia were rebuilt in the 16th century. But representatives of China continue to argue that the "Chinese" wall was built that was 2000 years ago and now appears before us in the very original form.

L.N. Gumilyov also wrote:

"When the work was completed, it turned out that all China's armed forces would not be enough to organize an effective defense on the wall. In fact, if you put a small detachment for each tower, then the enemy will destroy it earlier than the neighbors will have time to gather and submit help. If you put large detachments in portions, then the gaps are formed through which the enemy will easily and imperceptibly penetrate the country. Fortress without defenders is not a fortress. "

But let's use Chinese datches and see who and against whom the various sections of the wall.

Early Iron Century

Trace the stages of the construction of the "Chinese" walls based on Chinese scientists are extremely interesting. Of these, it can be seen that Chinese scientists who call the Wall of the "Chinese", not much care that the Chinese people himself did not accept any participation in its construction: every time the next section of the wall was built, the Chinese state was far from construction sites.

So the first and most part of the wall is built in the period from 445 BC. On 222 BC. It passes along 41 ° - 42 ° Northern latitude and at the same time along some plots r. Huanghe.

At this time, naturally, no Mongol-Tatar was. Moreover, the first association of peoples in the composition of China took place only in 221 BC. Under the kingdom of Qin. And before that, there was a period of Zhanggo (5 - 3 centners. BC), in which eight states existed in China. Only in the middle of the 4th century. BC. Qin began the struggle against other kingdoms and to 221 BC. e. Communicated some of them.

Plots "Chinese" walls to the beginning of the establishment of the state Qin

Sections of the "Chinese" walls to the beginning of the establishment of the state of Qin (by 222 BC).

The figure shows that the Western and Northern Border of the Qin state to 221 BC. She began to coincide with the plot of "Chinese" wall, which began to be built in 445 BC. and was built in 222 BC

Thus, we see that this section of the "Chinese" walls were built by the Chinese state of Qin, but northern neighbors, but precisely from the Chinese propagating to the north. In just 5 years - from 221 to 206. BC. - Wall was built along the entire border of the state of Qin, which stopped the spread of his subjects north and west. In addition, at the same time, the second line of defense from Qin is the second "Chinese" wall of this period was built at the same time at the same time.

Plots "Chinese" walls in the era of Han

Plots "Chinese" walls in the Han era (206 BC - 220 AD).

The next period of construction covers the time from 206 BC. On 220 AD. During this period, the sections of the wall were built, located 500 km west and 100 km north of the previous ones.

Early medieval

In 386 - 535 17 of the non-Chinese kingdoms that existed in North China were united in one state - North Wei.

Their forces and precisely during this period the following part of the wall (386 - 576) was erected, one part of which was built along the previous section (probably destroyed from time), and the second part - at 50 - 100 km south - on the border with China.

Developed Middle Ages

In the period from 618 to 907. China Rules of the Tang Dynasty, which did not marks themselves victories over the northern neighbors.

Plots "Chinese" walls to the beginning of the board of the Tang dynasty

Plots "Chinese" walls built to the beginning of the board of the Tang dynasty.

In the next period, from 960 to 1279. In China, the Empire Song was established. At this time, China has lost the domination over his vassals in the West, in the northeast (on the territory of the Korean Peninsula) and in the south - in North Vietnam. The Soon Empire lost a significant part of the territories of the Chinese actually in the north and north-west, who has departed to the Kiden State of Liao (part of the modern provinces of Hebei and Shanxi), the Tangutsky kingdom of Si-Xia (part of the territories of the modern province of Shaanxi, the territory of the modern province of Gansu and Ninxia-Huieski autonomous area).

Sections of the "Chinese" wall during the board of Sun dynasty

Sections of the "Chinese" walls built during the reign of the Sun dynasty.

In 1125, the border between the non-Chinese kingdom of Zhurzheney and China took place on the river. Huihehe is 500 - 700 km south of the places of the built wall. And in 1141, a peace treaty was signed, according to which the Chinese Soon Empire recognized himself by Vassal of the Nekitai State of Jin, obliged to pay him a big tribute.

However, so far the actual China junteled south of r. Hahunue, at 2100 - 2500 km north of its borders was erected by another section of the "Chinese" wall. This part of the wall, built from 1066 to 1234, passes through the Russian territory north of P. Born next to p. Argun. At the same time, at 1500 - 2000 km north of China, another part of the wall was built along Great Hinghana.

Later Middle Ages

The next segment of the wall was built in the period from 1366 - 1644. It takes place on the 40th parallel from Andong (40 °), just north of Beijing (40 °), through Yinchuan (39 °) to Dunhuan and AnSi (40 °) in the West. This wall of the wall is the last, the most southernmost and deepest penetrating into the territory of China.

Sections of the "Chinese" walls built during the reign of the MIN dynasty

Sections of the "Chinese" walls built during the reign of the Ming dynasty.

In China, at this time the rules of the Ming dynasty (1368 - 1644). In early 15th century, this dynasty did not protect politics, but an external expansion. For example, in 1407, the Chinese troops seized Vietnam, that is, the territories located outside the eastern plot of the "Chinese" wall built in 1368 - 1644. In 1618, Russia managed to agree with China about the border (Mission I. Petlin).

During the construction of this section of the wall to Russian territories, all the Amur region applied. By the middle of the 17th century, the Russian fortresses (Albazinsky, Kuhamsky, etc.) were already existed on both shores of Amur, the peasant Slobods and Pashnya. In 1656, Daurosky (later - Albazinskoye) was formed, in which the Valley of the Upper and Middle Amur was included on both shores.

From the Chinese side - from 1644 in China began to rule the Qing dynasty. In the 17th century, the border of the Empire Qing took place just north of the Liaodong Peninsula, that is, exactly in this section of the "Chinese" wall (1366 - 1644).

In the 1650s and later the Zing Empire tried to capture Russian possessions in the Amur basin. On the side of China also performed Christians. China demanded not only all the Amur region, but all the land east of Lena. As a result, in the Nerchinsky Agreement (1689), Russia was forced to give up the Qing Empire to his possessions on the right bank of the river. Argun and part of the left and right banks of Amur.

Thus, during the construction of the last section of the "Chinese" wall (1368 - 1644), it was the Chinese side (min and Qing) who led concluded wars in relation to the Russian lands. Therefore, Russia was forced to lead defensive border wars with China (see S.M. Soloviev, "History of Russia from ancient times", Volume 12, Chapter 5).

Built by the Russians by 1644, the "Chinese" wall passed exactly along the border of Russia with Qing China. In the 1650s, Qing China invaded Russian lands to a depth of 1500 km, which was enshrined by the Aigunsky (1858) and Peking (1860) of contracts.

conclusions

The name "Chinese" wall denotes the "wall that is degrading from China" (similar to the way the Chinese border, the Finnish border, etc.).

At the same time, the origin of the word "China" comes from the Russian "Whale" - the binding of Zherdess, which were used in the construction of fortifications; Thus, the name of the district of Moscow "China-City" is given in the same way in the 16th century (that is, before the official knowledge of China), the construction itself consisted of a stone wall with 13 towers and 6 goal;

The construction time of the "Chinese" wall is divided into several stages, in which:

The first section of the Nekitans began with Troit in 445 BC, and, building by 221 BC, stopped the promotion of Chinese Qin north and the West;

The second plot was built by non-residents from North Way in the period from 386 to 576;

The third site was built by non-receptions from 1066 to 1234. Two thresholds: one at 2100 - 2500 km, and the second - in 1500 - 2000 km north of China's borders, held at this time by r. Juanhe;

The fourth and last plot was built by Russians in the period from 1366 - 1644. Along the 40th parallels - the southernmost plot - it was the border between Russia and China's Qing Dynasty.

In the 1650s and later the Qing Empire seized Russian ownership in the Amur basin. The "Chinese" wall was inside the territory of China.

Everything that said confirms the fact that the "Chinese" walls are looking at the south - that is, on the Chinese.

The "Chinese" wall was built by Russian settlers on Amur and in Northern China to protect against the Chinese.

Old Russian style in the architecture of the Chinese wall

In 2008, at the First International Congress "Docyrillovskaya Slavic writing and pre-Christian Slavic Culture" in the Leningrad State University named after A.S. Pushkin (St. Petersburg) was made by the report "China - the younger brother of Russia", in which fragments of neolithic ceramics were presented from the territory of the eastern part of North China. It turned out that the signs depicted on ceramics do not have anything in common with Chinese "hieroglyphs", but they discover almost complete coincidence with the Old Russian Runitsa - up to 80% [Tyunayev, 2008].

In another article - "In Neolithic North China, Russians inhabited" - on the basis of the latest archaeological data, it has been shown that in Neolithic and bronze the population of the western part of North China was not a mongoloid, but the European one. These genetics have made a refinement: this population was ancient Russian origin and had an ancient Russian haplogroup R1A1 [Tyunyev, 2010A]. Mythological data say that the movement of ancient rules in the eastern direction was headed by Bogwir and Slavunya and their son Scythian [Tyunyev, 2010]. These events are reflected in the veleage book, the people of which in the 1st millennium BC. Partially gone to the West [Tyunayev, 2010B].

In the work of the "Chinese wall - a great barrage from the Chinese" we came to the conclusion that all sections of the Chinese wall were erected not by the Chinese, since the Chinese at the time of construction were simply not in the places of construction of the wall. In addition, the last section of the wall was most likely built by the Russians in the period from 1366 - 1644. Along the 40th parallels. This is the southernmost plot. And he was the official border between Russia and China under the control of the Qing dynasty. That is why the name "Chinese wall" literally means a "wall, rewarding from China" and has the same meaning as the "Chinese border", "Finnish border", etc.

http://www.organizmica.org/arc...

Comparison of these two threads may indicate that there were two massive civilizations of antiquity: North and South. The Kremlin and the Wall of the Wall are built by the Northern Civilization. The fact that the walls of the buildings of the Northern civilization are adapted to keep a battle, suggests that in most cases, representatives of South civilization acted as aggressors.

11/07/2006 Article V.I. was published in Organizmica magazine The family "The Great Chinese Wall was built ... not the Chinese!", In which President of the Academy of Fundamental Sciences Andrei Alexandrovich Tyunayev expressed his considerations about the non-Chinese origin of the "Chinese" wall:

- As you know, north of modern China existed another, much more ancient civilization. This is repeatedly confirmed by archaeological discoveries made in particular on the territory of Eastern Siberia. Impressive testimonies of this civilization, comparable to Arkim in the Urals, not only have not yet been studied and not comprehended by world historical science, but did not even receive due appreciation in Russia itself. As for the so-called "Chinese" wall, it is not entirely legitimate about the achievement of an ancient Chinese civilization.

Here, only one fact is enough to confirm our scientific right. The loopholes at a significant part of the wall are directed not to the north, but south! And it is clearly seen not only on the most ancient, not reconstructed parts of the wall, but even at recent photos and in the works of Chinese drawing. The assumption was made that in fact the "Chinese" wall was built for defense from the Chinese, which Subsequently, they simply appropriated to achieve other ancient civilizations.

After the release of this article, its data was used by many media. In particular, Ivan Koltsov published on November 22, 2006 in the Central Body of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the newspaper "Red Star" Article "The History of the Fatherland. Rus began in Siberia, "which spoke about the discovery, which researchers from the Academy of Fundamental Sciences. After that, interest in reality in relation to the "Chinese" wall increased significantly.

Literature:

Solovyov, 1879. Solovyov S.M., History of Russia from ancient times, Volume 12, Chapter 5. 1851 - 1879.

Tyunayev, 2008.

Tyunyev, 2010. Tyuniev A.A. The oldest Rus, the Svarog and the Welding Grandchildren // Studies of Old Russian mythology. - M.: 2010.

Tyunyev, 2010a. Tyunyev. In Neolithic North China inhabited Russian.

Tyunyev, 2010b. About traveling people VK.

The Chinese wall is a great barrage from the Chinese, built by the Russians ...

Require, the Chinese tour of the travel operators in great creation is not Chinese! And you will be shown, but what? ..

There is no other such structure in the world that would cause so much interest among scientists, tourists, builders and astronauts as the Great Wall. Her construction gave rise to many rumors and legends, deprived of life hundreds of thousands of people and cost large financial costs. In a story about this grand construction, we will try to reveal the secrets, solve the riddles and briefly give answers to many questions about it: who and why built it, from whom she defended Chinese, where the most popular site of the construction is located, whether it is seen from space.

Causes of the construction of the Great Wall

During the battle of the kingdoms (from V to the II century to N. e.) The major Chinese kingdoms with the help of the grunge wars were absorbed smaller. So the future of the Unified State began to be formed. But while it was disparated, individual kingdoms were subjected to raids of the ancient nomadic people Hunn, who came to China from the north. Each kingdom built protective fences in certain sections of their borders. But as a material was the usual land, so defensive strengthening with time erased from the face of the Earth and did not reach our time.

Emperor Qin Shihuandy (III century BC), who became the head of the First United Kingdom of Qin, gave rise to the construction of a defensive-defensive wall in the north of his own ownership, for which new walls and guard towers were built, combining them with existing ones. The appointment of the builded buildings was not only the protection of the population from raids, but also the designation of the borders of the new state.

How many years and how to build a wall

For the construction of the Great Wall of China, the fifth of the total population of the country was involved, this is about a million people for 10 years of main construction. Peasants, soldiers, slaves and all criminals sent here were used as a labor force as a punishment.

Given the experience of previous builders, not the death of the earth began to be laid in the base of the walls, and the stone blocks, sprinkling them with soil. The subsequent rulers of China from the Han and Min dynasty also expanded the defense line. As materials, stone blocks and bricks were already used, bonded by rice glue with the addition of hareed lime. It is those sections of the walls that were built at the Ming dynasty in the XIV-XVII centuries, preserved quite well.

The construction process was accompanied by many difficulties associated with nutrition and difficult working conditions. At the same time, it was necessary to feed and supplement more than 300 thousand people. It did not always succeed in a timely manner, so human sacrifices were calculated with dozens, even hundreds of thousands. There is a legend that during the construction of all the dead and dead builders, they laid in the foundation of the structure, because their bones served as a good stagnation of stones. In the people, the construction is also called "the longest cemetery in the world." But modern scientists and archaeologists refute the version of the mass burials, probably most of the bodies of the dead were given to relatives.

Answer the question how many years the Great Chinese Wall was built, it is definitely impossible. Volumetric construction was conducted for 10 years, and from the very beginning to the last completion, about 20 centuries passed.

Sizes of the Great Wall

According to the latest counts of the size of the wall, its length is 8.85 thousand km, while the length with branches in kilometers and meters was calculated at all areas scattered throughout the territory of China. Presumable total length of construction, including those not survived, from beginning to end there would be 21.19 thousand km.

Since the location of the wall goes, mainly in the mountainous territory, passes both along the mountain ranges and for the bottom gorges, then its width and height could not be withstanding in uniform numbers. The width of the walls (thickness) is in the range of 5-9 m, while at the base, it is about 1 meter than in the upper part, and the average height is about 7-7.5 m, sometimes reaches 10 m, outer Wall Supplemented with rectangular teeth up to 1.5 m high. The entire length is built by brick or stone towers with braces directed in different directions, with weapons warehouses, viewing platforms and premises for protection.

During the construction of the Great Wall, the tower plan was built in a single style and at the same distance from each other - 200 m equal to the range of the arrows. But when connecting old sites with new ones, the towers of a different architectural solution are sometimes cut into a harmonious pattern of walls and towers. At a distance of 10 km from each other, the tower complement the signal towers (high towers without internal content), from which the sentigations were observed over the surroundings and, in the case of danger, they should have given the following tower the signal of the diluted fire.

Can a wall be seen from space?

Listing interesting facts about this building, often everyone mention that the Great Wall of China is the only manual structure that can be seen from space. Let's try to figure out if it really is.

The assumptions that one of the main attractions of China should be seen from the moon, set out a few more centuries ago. But no astronaut in flight reports did not make messages that he saw her with the naked eye. It is believed that human eye from such a distance is able to distinguish objects, the diameter of which is more than 10 km, and not 5-9 m.

From earthly orbit, it is also impossible to see it without special equipment. Sometimes objects in the photo from space, made without increasing, are taken for the outline of the wall, but with an increase it turns out that these are rivers, mountain ranges or a great canal. But through binoculars in good weather, you can see the wall, if you know where to peer. Increased photos from the satellite allow you to see the fence along the entire length, distinguish between towers and turns.

Was you need a wall?

The Chinese themselves did not believed that the wall was needed. After all, it has taken strong men to build a strong man, most of the income of the state went on its construction and service. History has shown that she did not provide special protection to the country: nomads Hunnu and Tatar-Mongols easily crossed a barrier line in destroyed sites or on special travel. In addition, many sentiments missed the detachments of the attackers in the hope of saving or get a fee, so they did not give signals to neighboring towers.

In our years, a symbol of the persistence of the Chinese people made from the Great Wall of China, created a business card of the country. Everyone who visited China seeks to go on an excursion to an affordable landmark site.

Modern condition and tourist attractiveness

Most of the fence today needs a complete or partial restoration. Especially the deplorable state in the north-western plot in MINCIN subseater, where powerful sandy storms destroy and fall asleep stone masonry. Large damage is applied by people themselves, disassembled its components on the construction of their homes. Some sites at one time were demolished by order of the authorities to free the place for the construction of roads or villages. Modern artists-vandals paint the wall with their graffiti.

Realizing the attractiveness of the Great Wall for tourists, the power of large cities restore the parts of the walls close to them and lay sightseeing routes to them. So, near Beijing there are sites Mutyanyuy and Badalin, who have almost become the main attractions in the metropolitan region.

The first plot is located 75 km from Beijing, near the city of Huizhou. At the Mutyanyu plot, a part of 2.25 km long with 22 watchdog towers is renovated. A plot located on the ridge crest is distinguished by a very close building towers to each other. At the foot of the ridge there is a village where personal and excursion transport stops. You can get to the top of the ridge on foot or using a cable car.

The clotage of Badalin is closest to the capital, they are divided by 65 km. How to get here? You can come on sightseeing or flight bus, taxi, private machine or railway express. The length of the available and renovated area is 3.74 km, the height is about 8.5 m. It is possible to explore everything interesting in the vicinity of Badalin while walking along the ridge of the wall or from the cable car. By the way, the name "Badalin" is translated as "giving access in all directions." During the 2008 Olympic Games near Badalin, the finish line of the group highway cycling. Every year, a marathon is arranged in May, on which participants need to run 3,800 degrees and overcome rise and descents, running along the ridge of the wall.

The Great Wall of the Wall did not enter the list of "Seven Wonders of the World", but the modern public included it in the list of "New Wonders of the World". In 1987, UNESCO took the wall under his defense as a World Heritage Object.

Some Russian researchers (President of the Academy of Fundamental Sciences A.A. Tynyaev and his like-minded person Honor Dr. Brussels University V.I. Family) commend doubts in the generally accepted version of the origin of the protective structure at the northern borders of the Qin Dynasty. In November 2006, in one of the publications, Andrei Tyunayev so formulated his considerations on this topic: "As you know, north of modern China existed another, much more ancient civilization. This is repeatedly confirmed by archaeological discoveries made, in particular, on the territory of Eastern Siberia. Impressive evidence of this civilization, comparable to Arkim in the Urals, not only have not yet been studied and not comprehended by world historical science, but did not even receive due appreciation in Russia itself. "

As for the so-called "Chinese" wall, it is not entirely legitimate about the achievement of an ancient Chinese civilization. Here, only one fact is enough to confirm our scientific right. The loopholes at a significant part of the wall are directed not to the north, but south! And it is clearly seen not only on the most ancient, not reconstructed parts of the wall, but even at recent photos and in the works of the Chinese figure.

It is believed that she began to erect it in the III century BC. To defend the state of the Qin dynasty from the raids of the Northern Barbarov - the nomadic people Hongna. In the III century AD, during the time of the Han dynasty, the construction of the wall resumed, and it was expanded in the western direction.

Over time, the wall began to collapse, but at the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), according to Chinese historians, the wall was restored and strengthened. Those of its sites that have been preserved to our time were built mainly in the XV - XVI centuries.

For three centuries, the Board of the Manchurian Qing Dynasty (since 1644), the protective construction was laid out and almost everything collapsed, since the new rulers of the Middle Kingdom did not need to protect from the north. Only in our time, in the mid-1980s, the restoration of the sections of the wall began as a material evidence of the ancient origin of statehood on the lands of Northeast Asia.

Previously, the Chinese themselves were made discovery about the belonging to the ancient Chinese writing to another people. There are already published works proving that these people were the Slavs of Aria.
In 2008, at the First International Congress "Docyrillovskaya Slavic writing and pre-Christian Slavic Culture" in the Leningrad State University named after A.S. Pushkin Tyunyev made the report "China - the younger brother of Russia", during which he presented fragments of neolithic ceramics from the territory
eastern North China. Signs depicted on ceramics were not like Chinese characters, but demonstrated almost a complete coincidence with the Old Russian Runitsa - up to 80 percent.

The researcher on the basis of the latest archaeological data expresses the opinion that during the neolithic and bronze, the population of the western part of Northern China was the European one. Indeed, throughout Siberia, up to China, the mummies of the European winds are found. According to the data of genetics, this population had an ancient Russian haplogroup R1A1.

The mythology of the ancient Slavs, the mythology of the ancient Slavs, telling about the movement of ancient rules in the eastern direction, was also headed by Bogwir, Slavuna and their son Scythian. These events are reflected, in particular, in the velebook, which will not recognize academic historians.

Tyunayev and his supporters pay attention to the fact that the Great Wall of China was built similarly to the European and Russian medieval walls, the main purpose of which is to protect against firearms. Building such structures began not earlier than the XV century, when guns and other siege of guns appeared on the battlefields. Previously, the XV century in the so-called northern nomads of artillery was not.

Pay attention from which side the sun shines.

Based on this data, Tyuniyev expresses the opinion that the wall in the east of Asia was built as a defensive structure, denoting the border between the two medieval states. It was erected after an agreement was reached on the distinction of territories. And this, as Tyuniyev believes, is confirmed by the card of that
time when the border between Russian Empire And the Zing Empire was held on the wall.

We are talking about the map of the Qing Empire of the second half of the XVII-XVIII century, presented in the academic 10-languid "world history". The wall shows in detail the wall, passing exactly along the border between the Russian Empire and the Empire of the Manchurian Dynasty (Zinc Empire).

There are other options for translating from the French phrase "Muraille De La Chine" - "wall from China", "Wall, separating from China". After all, in the apartment or in the house we call the wall that separates us from the neighbors, a neighbor wall, and the wall that separates us from the street is an outer wall. We also have the same as the name of the borders: the Finnish border, the Ukrainian border ... In this case, adjectives indicate only the geographical location of Russian borders.
It is noteworthy that in medieval Russia, there was a word "whale" - a bunch of jersey, which were used in the construction of fortifications. So, the name of the Moscow region China-city is given in the XVI century for the same considerations - the construction consisted of a stone wall with 13 towers and 6 gates ...

In the opinion, enshrined in the official version of the story, the Great Wall of China began to build in 246 BC. With the emperor Shi-Huangi, its height ranged from 6 to 7 meters, the purpose of construction is to protect against the northern nomads.

Russian historian L.N. Gumilyov wrote: "The wall stretches for 4 thousand km. Its height reached 10 meters, and after a 60- 100 meters there were guard towers. " He also noted: "When the works were completed, it turned out that all armed Forces China is not enough to organize an effective defense on the wall. In fact, if you put a small detachment for each tower, then the enemy will destroy it earlier than the neighbors will have time to gather and submit help. If you put large detachments in portions, the gaps are formed through which the enemy will easily and imperceptibly penetrate into the depths of the country. Fortress without defenders is not a fortress. "

Moreover, the tower of the loopholes are on the south side, as if defending themselves reflected attacks from the north ????
Andrei Tyunayev proposes to compare the two towers from the Chinese wall and from the Novgorod Kremlin. The shape of the towers is the same: a rectangle, slightly narrowed up. From the wall inside and the other tower leads an entrance, covered with a round arch, posted from the same brick as the wall with the tower. Each of the towers has two top "workers" of the floor. In the first floor and the other tower made roundard windows. The number of windows of the first floor and in the other tower - 3 on one side and 4 to another. The height of the windows is approximately the same - about 130-160 centimeters.
And what does the comparison of the preserved towers of the Chinese city of Beijing with medieval towers of Europe? The fortress walls of the Spanish city of Avila and Beijing are very similar to each other, especially the fact that the towers are located very often and practically do not have architectural devices for military needs. Beijing towers only have an upper deck with braces, and laid out in one height with the rest of the wall.
Neither Spanish neither Beijing towers do not discover such a high similarity with the defensive towers of the Chinese wall, as they show the towers of the Russian Kremlin and the fortress walls. And this is a reason for thinking historians.