Equipment of the Finnish army. Finnish militari stores
Outfitting and equipment of Finnish ground forces and Air Force
The color of the outfitting of the Finnish army was mouse-gray, close to the German Feldgra, the times of the First World War. I also experienced some german influence.
The officer jackets on six oxidic buttons with a heraldic Finnish Lvom standing on the hind legs had a common smooth, or with bantle folds, chest pockets with three-stranded valves on a button and a stand-postponed collar on which curly buttercups were labeled with differences signs. The overhead the lower pockets were smooth, with curly valves. Duct sleeves were performed without wagons, the edging on the jackets was absent. Over the left chest pockets attached the Order Ribbons.
Similarly, but from the fabric of the worst quality was the jackets of soldiers and non-officers. Shoulder shoulder hlystics, tuned to a button, on uniforms of arr. 1936 had a slight concave line of edges. These jackets were used as a service and field shape of clothing.
In solemn cases and even as a casual form on the front, officers and generals were put on the gallows decorated on the collar, abbreasses and three-stranded, buttons, flashes of uniforms of uniforms, similar to the jackets, but with a special location of the signs of distinction on the corners of the collar. The starch outlet fastened to the collar. Buttons with Lvom were golden.
Axelbanks - and then rarely - we wore some adjutants and general stakers who received military academic education abroad. The axelbanks flew along the Russian sample and were worn on the right shoulder. Marshal Mannerheim largely supported the traditions of the Russian Imperial Army in his troops.
Marshal Finland K.G.E. Mannerheim with his generals (photo 1941).
The dark blue open form of pilot officers was English-cut Frenc on four golden large buttons, with overhead pockets with bantle folds and three-stranded valves. A white shirt with a black tie was relying to Franch. The signs of differences in the form of golden gallows were above wallads with three small buttons at the elbow seam. The winged propeller was attached on the shoulder wheezes above the heraldic lion that was worn by all officers and army generals and aviation. Breeches were in the color of Franch, but they could wear gray, from field shape - this was practiced at the front.
A gray shape with the loops on the collar and without stripes on the sleeves of the jacket, the Air Force officers was worn with a blue flying cap. Chest pockets The jackets of pilots were decorated with bantle folds. Equipment was worn and black, accepted in the Air Force, and army brown. Boots with solid tops were only black.
Breeches, worn with boots, sewered from the same gray material as the jacket, or slightly differed in shades and tone. Soldier's pants were worn, like bridges, on suspenders. Direct cut, narrowed down, they refuel into durable high leather boots, or pressed with swinging gters to beris ski boots. Low trousers could refuel and in thick knitted socks, put on with shoes.
Old cavalryman Marshal Mannerheim wore Blue Cavalry Rattudis with Double General Lampas and Yellow Cans and excellent lacquered boots with fastened spurs. Marshal had jackets and uniforms of not only a public window cut, but also without side lower pockets, with a closed fastener, even without signs of distinction, the commander-in-chief and so knew the whole Suomi. But the subordinates of his troops were dressed not very uniformly, although all efforts were made to their provision.
During the winter war, and in subsequent years, the Finns used the reserves of the old outfit. 1922 and 1927 The signs of differences on the uniforms sometimes remained the same samples, but the signs of the arrival were used on the front. 1936, - This will be discussed below - buttercups, chevrons on the shoulder wheels, violating officer Galuns and others. Old uniforms, first of all, was delivered to the militia from the joints from the shyzkor, the rear unfortunate ranks, but grabbed him in the first line troops. From the Mundars of the Obr, 1936, the jackets of 1927, were distinguished by the doubles of the lower pockets and double buttons, as well as low cut-off handlasses with two buttons, naught longitudinally. Sukbo collar and overalls could be darker of basic fabric, the fabric itself was rather coarse and darous. Therefore, the jackets sat slightly baggy. Dark closures of early sample jackets were decorated with three vertically planted buttons at the elbow seam. In sergeants and officers, and many soldiers - the wrappers were crossed by vertical valves with three buttons. On the sides of the jackets, large hooks for belt belt were seen. Cutting from behind on the waist The soldier jacket was intercepted by a vane of two buttons with almost the rear corners of the valves of the sidewall pockets. From the buttons, two semi-currency folds were departed from the jacket. The cadet jackets were a slot.
Masking jackets Finns put on straight on the uniform, without outerwear.
On the back of the Finnish soldier sheel was laid 5-cm. Bowed fold, closed on the waist straight voyage with rounded ends, and at the top fired a slightly lower than the collar. A leather belt with a single-up buckle or a fucking german type with a Finnish lion in a round wreath was relied on the vibrant. The length of the sheel was just below the knees.
Sintel's rolling sun fastened to the lid and sidewalls of the soldier's head of the German sample.
The officer chinel in the rope did not roll, but it was only a good quality gray, with light mouse green, cloth and length to the middle of the ICR, as well as good tailor work. Cut two-breasted overcoats - six buttons on the side - was similar to German: smooth, without reliefs, camp, high, but not turning out, like the Germans, the dark cloth on the collar. But the side pockets with the straight valves cut down horizontally, like cinels of Russian officers.
Russian traditions in the Finnish army, thanks to the influence of Mannerheim, held surprisingly firmly. The silhouette of an officer cap with a small Don and stretched on the hoop with a low Tully resembled shaped caps that existed at the beginning of the century. But the design was closer to German: on Tul, the national cokard, an officer's ever. A thin silver double cord was fasted over the visor on silvery buttons. Kant on the division of the Donets and Stoles were dark gray. The visors of the general caps have been expanded by two thick garlands of golden oak leaves.
The pilots wore the dark blue caps with the striking riding greater than in the ground forces, size. Black stoles decorated a large embroidered emblem in the form of a golden wreath on a black valve with a flying silver eagle between the branches ends. Under an eagle on a wreath, a red-gold officer kokard with a lion was added. The cap had a cord over the visor.
Unter-Officer Cokard was different from the officer silver color of the entire surface. Like an officer, it was attached lower than the national on the pilot and the kone of the old sample. Private wearing only the national, white-blue cocarka in the form of a simple, without ripping along the edge, a smooth mug.
The Finnish pilot with a bulk dona and cant in the title with a fastened leather leather strap with buckles. The strap could wear along the front, he could drag the pilot across the top. Cocarda risen to the cap over a small neckline in the tit.
The sidewalls of old pytoshic caps fastened to the cap with small buttons at the upper edges.
On a soft soldier, a pilot could wear a steel helmet, but usually put on right on the head. Leather petal shock absorber deep german horned chassis arr. 1916 and its modifications provided a good and convenient landing of the helmet. She was at the Finns and its own sample helmet, somewhat similar in the outlines with the German and with the Soviet Obr. 1936 BUT Most Finnish soldiers and in peaceful pre-war years, and during the Second World War Wearing Gray or Colors Feldgra Hermann helmets. The Germans supplied Finns and their chassis arr. 1935, and Czechoslovak and even Italian. Apparently, the Finns did not care too much for the uniformity of armor on the head, the main thing is that the defense was.
There was no emblem on the helmet, but the homemade images of the skull and a ski pair under it met on the frontal part of the dome. Sometimes they painted the Finnish swastika, skeleton, etc.
A pick-up strap was fasted on the kepper of the old sample. Before the cap, the national and unbeatable cokards were pounded. Out of each side fastened with two vertically planted buttons. Such clouds were also worn by some officers.
A round ski hat with a small semicircular visor, covered with a cloth, and a turning backbone, fastened ahead with two sewn vertically buttons, was widespread in the troops autumn and winter headdress. The cap cap had a quilted warm lining. From the front, in the seam of the Donets, the kokard was attached by rank. The pink cap was made of gray uniform cloth. The simplicity of manufacturing and the practicality of the caps led to the spread of its analogues in other armies, for example, well-known vermochetic mountain, and then a single cling.
Finnish ruins resembled Russian, but were deeper and rounded, from natural gray fur, or from sheepskin. On a semicircular route, one under the other national and officer (or non-commissioned officer) cokardes, either only soldiers' jammed.
Under any headdress in winter, a woolen knitted handmaker, closing and headed and neck could be worn.
Finnish officers, along with the kepins and ruins, wore a clouded pilots with a cake with great waggles from the cutting sheepskin. The collars of long officer sequins were made of short-haired dark sheepskin, the bright sheepskin was on the sidewalls and the nations of many ski clouds. Dark brown and black sheepskin were shuddered with dark blue aircraft pilots. In the collapse of obscures on the cap, one above the other two kokards was attached.
Finnish soldiers in the break between battles.
But the Finnish pilots flew in leather helmets. Warm winter lining from trimmed sheepskin, and if necessary, and knitted sports cap under the helmet - protected from any frost. The face was closed with glasses with oval glasses - German, English, French production. The oxygen mask also served as an additional protection from the cold at high height. Over the cloth uniforms and sweaters were put on a jumpsuit. Finnish winter flight overalls on sheepskin had a postponed sheepskin collar, mowed to the right long clasp on the "zipper" and cutting on the left of the chest sputted pocket with "zipper". The feature of the Finnish overalls was the knees of knees from the seam to the seam deep, without valves, the sinuses pockets, for which it was possible to lay a folded card, signal rockets, etc. Low sleeves and low trousers were fastened for long "lightning". This allowed to fasten the pants on top of the boot or pinch in the top of the front "lightning" - a lot later, such warm boots were called in our country "Alaskami". Holster hung on the left thigh on a long strap with buckle and two carbines. The covered light sails fur mittens did not have the skin, but reached the lower third of the elbows. The jumpsuit dragged into a soft belt from the same dark airist. With which his inner sheepskin sheath was covered, but he could have been rejected and a conventional leather officer's belt - black aviation, brown army.
Parachutes from Finns were English, American, French, German - as well as aircraft. Parachute's satistery could serve as a seventure pilot.
Finns did not neglect the habitual climate of their country, did not neglect fur clothing. Comfortable officer jackets on sheepskin or on a dog fur, sheepskin coats, covered with cloth or talked, widely used on the front.
The officer wrappers had high, to the waist, displaced to the right slot, overhead pockets with valves and a straight cut back with a relief middle suture. Unlike White Soviet, Finnish serpents often painted in gray; Fur on the collar was dark tones.
Leather on fur gloves and mittens, knitted double gloves, mittens (often decorated with patterns), domestic knitting scarves either the front wore all the ranks. Officer gloves were usually made of brown skin.
The insulated jacket of the Bushlata type, with a fur collar, an indoor was a gray army sail-cloak. Two-breasted fasteners for four buttons were not performed on slotted, but on the outer loop. The length of the jacket was up to the middle of the hips, pockets covered with horizontal valves were cut on the floors. Signs of differences on the jacket were only violated. But since the upper button was unborn, semi-open boards allowed to see the buttercups on the collar of the jacket or uniform.
Repairmen over uniforms put on spacious light chassic overalls with postponed collars.
Finnish tank workers on their few tanks fought, dressed at similarly with the French - in black or dark brown leather jackets with a two-breasted fastener on top of the usual army form with appropriate insulation - sweater, fur or sheepskin vest. Under the jackets on top of the uniform and fur sleeveless, there were often overalls with numerous pockets, almost the same as repairmen. The helmets were used by the French sample adopted in many European countries - steel helmets of the Adrianovsky type with a glued long scallop and a thick leather roller on the front of the front visor. Subsequently, the Finns moved to Tanker's special communization of Soviet samples.
Hiking equipment of the Finnish soldier had a great similarity with the German Times of Kaizer Wilhelm. A kneader with a tarp lid, to which the universal aluminum bowler was mounted for bonds and straps, was put on with the help of thick and wide brown leather brace with iron hooks and semirings, the hooks clung to the loop of the triple brown leather brown leather type Mauserian. Under the wounder or tarpaulin backpack with the pockets on the right on the belt, a semicircular tarpauline sugar bag was suspended with a lid attached to one of the rings using a carbine flange in a closed case.
Finns consider the trophy Soviet machine gun.
On the left on the belt hanging the blade in the frame leather cover with the waist loop. Between the spatula and the left peat on the belt was put on the leather leather blade for the bayonet sheath, the hook of the metal sheath was made to the hole on the front of the blade.
The Ephesus of the Finnish bayonet was with the handle of the German sample, but the Garda was with a ring for the burgral part of the trunk and a slightly curved mustache. The bayonet blade had almost the same section as Mauserian, but was longer than German on 1/5.
The tarp ripping bag was rushed on the strap through the left shoulder and was placed in front of the cracked bag. The German gas masks in the corrugated round canices were met at the Finns.
The rifle on the march was rushed on the left shoulder, when driving on skis - through the left shoulder behind his back or through the right shoulder on the chest, if it was so convenient for a single skier.
Manual machine guns were wore, putting on the left shoulder, or on the belt pursuit fastened to the antab.
All officers and many Unter-Officers armed with guns revolvers were rare.
"Parabellaum" of German production was transferred in a regular wedge-shaped holster with a deep stamped lid and pocket for the cloud at the front edge. A similar Finnish gun "23" could be invested both in the German and in the Finnish holster with a valve cover covering the pocket for the clip on the front wall of the housing and fastened to the stacked bracket. Pistols of foreign systems, as a rule, were worn in the holsters relied towards them or in wooden shoes-buttons. "Lahti 35" also equipped with a wooden appropriate butt, but could be supplied with a leather holster. Cobra wore most often on the left.
The officer's field bags in the Finnish army were similar to the German, which had short lid valves with shouting tongues and triple brackets. Shoulder straps were fastened to the bags, but they wore them and on the belt on the right. Binoculars inserted into the case with the waist loop and the cervical strap.
For waist belts, Cobur and bags were used glossy brown leather. The bink of the officer belt was a frame brass, with rounded corners, with two teeth, and the French manner was often supplemented with a side brass brande for the free end of the belt. The spoil was carried through the right shoulder, fastening the brass half rings into the belt into the belt.
The seeds of the Finnish army wore white bandages with a red cross on the left sleeve. In the winter war, they had enough work on the front and in the rear. The war did not disassemble either gender, no age or military rank.
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Red Army infantry in a cloth helmet and overcoats, with a gas mask.
Red Armyman in a single-breasted cotton bushlate, bowed to a grazing with a ward wine valve, 1936, cotton pants and boots with windings, with a three-line rifle and gas mask.
Red Armored sapper in overcoats and in the Ushanka with tied valves, with a rifle and gas mask.
In the distant plan - Red Army and helmet, serrated coat and boots.
Signs of the difference in Soviet Armed Forces and NKVD
Fig. P. Lipatova (2nd cover page)
Pets and Chevron Comandarm 1 rank.
Butter and Chevron Colonel Artillery.
Stars for a winter helmet (infantry, technical troops, border troops).
Buttercup and Chevron Comcore Infantry.
Star on the sleeve and buttercup of the Brigades Commissioner Infantry.
Chevron and Butterca Captain Aviation.
Sleeping sign of a military pilot.
Liners and Chevron Senior Lieutenant of Tank Troops and Engineering Forces (Gymnaste).
Polyterack of cavalry.
The pet holder of the senior Voalfeldscher.
Chevron and the Liner of the younger lieutenant Pierman.
Liner of the younger Politrock Air Force.
Liner junior military equipment Air Force.
Liner senior internal troops.
Liner of the younger comvorvda infantry.
Liner of the separated commander of communication troops.
Flag of flagship 2 rank.
Captain's stripes 2 rank.
Stripes lieutenant coastal service.
Stripes are older.
Stripes of the warrorist 2 rank.
Fleet Air Force Captain Fleet.
Political stripes.
Head of Commander.
Red ribbon ribbon.
Color illustration
(Fig. A. Rusanova, with the participation of P. Lipatova)
1. Warriors of the Red Army on the battlefield
Senior infantry lieutenant in overcoats and a cloth helmet with deployed weapons, in a mounted field equipment, woven in boots-rods and armed with Nagan in Cobur.
The infantryman in the sheel and the elevated helmet is climbing with a mounted on skis.
Skier from units of volunteers athletes in a warmed white suit and a cotton helmet, wrapped in ski boots and an armed rifle arr. 1891/1930
Supper demolition in a white camouflage bathrobe with a removable hood, mounted on a hard hat, climbing with homemade volokus.
2. Tankers of the Red Army
The fighter tanker in a fine-precipitated cotton jacket and pants, in a cloth helmet, rolling rods and gloves with squabs, chopped sheepskin, armed with nagan and a manual submachine dp.
Senior lieutenant in a leather jacket, put on top of the dark blue overalls, with a summer helmet on the head and in gloves on sheepin. Equipment Field lightweight, Nagan in Cobur on the right, gas mask in the bag on the left. Vow in boots-rods.
Major in a serve and a leather helmet on the sheepskin, equipped with a headset of a negotiation device. Quilted trousers are filled in felt boots.
Tanker in a dark blue overalls, put on top of the quilted vapor and in the first-type depreciation helmet with put on folding glasses, hooped in boots.
3. Soviet pilots
The pilot in the overalls on the fur, in dog untes, with a TT pistol and a tablet.
Colonel in dark blue windows Air Force and a closed winter helmet.
Senior Lieutenant in the leather coat-reglane, a flight helmet with glasses, dog untes and with a tablet over the shoulder.
4. Soviet sailors
In the foreground - a senior redflower in coastal shape, gear and arms. Casque arrived, 1936 Hope for a knitted handmaker, pants are filled into talny boots. Through the shoulder hangs the gas mask, Bushlat was subjected to the Redflot's belt, on which the peat and blade bayonet hang. Armed with a three-line rifle arr. 1891/30 with a stuck tetroken bayonet.
Fleet commander in coastal argument. Cask arr. 1936 Hope on the Ushanku, the quilted jetty will go on a sweater. Armed with Mauser in the block, two grenades F-1 and a trophy Finnish knife. Shaped trousers are filled into talny boots.
Fleet commander in the Ushanka with crab emblem and leather reglane. In the background - a red-tental-signllum, dressed in form No. 5 - in Bushlat and Ushanku, with a gas mask through the right shoulder.
5. In the Finnish bunker
The younger sergeant-machine gunner leads fire from the "Lahti-Salorant" machine gun. The head of the shop of the German Sample 1916/18 was found on the head of the 1916/18 Gg, the bayonet arr. 1927 in the leather blade.
Private infantry in the field of a kittel and clock.
The phone is sitting by the infantry lieutenant in the winter cling of an old sample and a coup of arr. 1936
6. Finnish soldiers in winter clothes
Sniper- "Cuckoo" in a masking suit with a mask on her face. Vow into ski boots-tubes, armed with a Finnish knife and sniper rifle arr. 1927 on the belt - the triple peasons of German type.
Skier in a masking suit, the elevated helmet of the German sample, ski boots-tubes, with a padded braft patront. Armed with carbine and lapland knife.
Skier-gunner with a submachine gun "Suomi", wagged in pcey boots. Behind the back - hiking layout, on the head - Finnish military earlot made of white sheepskin.
7. Finnish officers at the meeting
Aviation Captain in blue open french, flying cap and gray field bridges refilled in chrome boots.
Fleet captain 3rd rank in overcoats and cap.
Captain of the General Staff in the Kittel and Foold.
Major in Sintel and in the Ushanka.
At the table sits a lieutenant-laid infantry in a kittel and bridges, wagged in shoes with appitable topcrapers. On the bench next to the general forage
8. Volunteers
Finnish officer authorized by the "shyzkra" in Sineli and Kep and Swedish volunteer skiers in sportswear.
Signs of Differences of the Armed Forces of Finland
(4th Cover page)
Collar Marshal Finland.
Lena Lieutenant General Infantry.
Liner lieutenant colonel field artillery.
Liner Major Coast Artillery.
Lena Lieutenant Reserve.
Shine-chine latenant galleys.
Captain Aviation Butt.
Lieutenant Lieutenant Tank Forces.
Sleeping stripe "Shyutskore".
Petrice Major Hsenthers.
Petrice captain infantry.
Major engineer loop.
Linetics of Lieutenant Parts of Support and Security.
Buttercup Captain General Staff.
Sleepy trunk valve of lieutenant colonel.
Buttercup Captain Border Guard.
Buttercare of the field artillery.
Captain Captain Aviation Captain Prunted Valve.
Military officer in the rank of captain.
Liner Feldwebel Communication troops.
The petter of the sergeant of engineering troops.
Liner senior sergeant cavalry.
Employing officer of the land forces.
Pulp Capral Cavalry.
Cokard of the officers of the Air Force.
Cocardium of personnel elderial specialists of the fleet.
Emblems; anti-aircraft artillery, hunting parts, communications troops, buglers, engineering troops, coastal artillery, tank troops, aviation, hurkers, infantry, field artillery.
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In Finland, many people dressed in the style of militaries or Out-Door. And since people are so dressed, it means that it is selling somewhere. Question: Where? Today M.
we open a new topic: Finnish army flea markets or militaries-shops. We will publish here the addresses of army stores.Helsinki
1 . H. eLSINK storeVarusteleka - B.lesloval Number One in this thread. Take a look at their website and understand that we are right. This is the largest store of army clothing and equipment in Finland, including an online store. Here are sold and used, and new things. Valtteri Lindholm (Valtteri Lindholm) created it in 2003, having a thousand euros taken on credit and rusty van, in which brave buyers have tried a fabulous goods. Now Varustelek is two large production buildings from red bricks, in which more than 40 specialists work.
Why Varustelek? First, an excellent choice of goods. It is felt, the owner and his team are not in vain eating their bread. Commodity groups cover all the variety of products related to the theme of militaries - from Khaki's color socks and a coat in the style of "gangster" to the children's gas mask of Soviet times. Clothes and equipment of the Bundeswehr, Finnish, American, Belgian, French, Russian, Soviet and other armies are offered. There is a proposal for reconstructors. Clothes, shoes and attributes of the Finnish firms Sarma and Teraava, producing goods for the army are presented. If necessary, you can adjust clothing and make engraving. By the way, the children's vest of Russian production we found on the site for 16.95 euros.
Excellent navigation and page in English.
Opening hours: Monday - Friday 10 - 20, Saturday 10 - 18, Sunday is closed.
Two hours of free parking, Taks-Free, take the main European maps.
The two warehouses and the Varusteleka store are located in large red brick buildings in the area of \u200b\u200bHelsinki Corol near the intersection of the Ring I (Keha i) and Vihdintie (Road number 120).
Shop address: Ruosilantie, 2 Helsinki
Minus: No Page in English.
Plus: There is a store in Helsinki.
Address: Pohjoinn Hesperiankatu 15, 00260 Helsinki
Works: Mon-K - Friday from 10 to 18, Saturday - from 10 to 15.
Hamin
ARMYVAATITEET Military and Outdoor Store Armyvaatteet is located in the ITAVAYLA shopping center, which is located on the highway 170, for Hamina, if you drive from the border.
Some things look very attractive. The jacket-pilot is light, warm and high quality. I can't remember the price, something about 350 euros.
Pavel Borisovich Lipatov - Member of the Union of Cinematographers of Russia, a member of the Arsenal Historian Association, a corresponding member of the All-Russian Heraldic Society, a member of the editorial sonnets of the Military Historical Magazines "Tseykhgauz" and "Sergeant", artist in Mosfilm Film Study Costumes. He took part in creating more than thirty films, many of which were told about the events of the past wars and other historical facts. Consulted on the form of uniform suit a number of films of different studios of the former USSR, Russia and foreign countries. The author of the famous reference books "Uniforms of the Red Army and Wehrmacht" and "Luftwaffe", published with his own illustrations. PB Lipatova belongs to a number of articles in various journals on uniformology, cinematography history, the history of small arms, military equipment, armored vehicles - most also with illustrations. Illustrated books and articles of other authors.
The printing work "Red" is prepared for the press - the uniforms and equipment of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1917 to 1935 - and the reference book on the form of clothing of the German naval fleet of 1933-1945. "Crygsmarine." Both books - with illustrations of the author.
Awarded a medal and several breastplate signs.
Beginning and goal of war
26 Nov 1939. The positions of the Soviet troops and the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Mainanila on the border with Finland were shelled artillery, the war began on November 30.
Long-designed under the guidance of B.M. Shaposhnikova In the General Headquarters, the plandar plan for "grooved Finnish aggressors" was not approved in the main military council of the Red Army. Comrade Stalin approved the "lightning" plan developed by the fall of 1939 by the command and headquarters of the Leningrad Military District under the leadership of Comandarm 2 rank K.A. Metskova.
The sole purpose of the campaign Stalin propaganda announced the security of the North-Western borders of the Soviet Union and, first of all, Leningrad.
The task of this study does not include an analysis of military operations for this gravity for both fought by the war. However, the appearance of it, the appearance of military personnel of all generics of weapons was most closely connected with the time, place and "circumstances of the image of action" one of the shortest, most cruel and most "unfamiliar" wars in the history of mankind.
Theater of Military Action
Karelian stake, where the main combat operations unfolded throughout the three winter months, is a stokilometer band from Lake Ladoga to the coast of the Gulf of Finland. At the Isthmus Soviet troops had to overcome the most powerful fortified defense strip in the world - Mannerheim's line.
With 32 km from Leningrad since 1927, with the participation of German, British, French and Belgian military specialists, was built - and there was an almost over-3-way line of long-term fortifications with a depth of 90 km. It included 670 large bobbies and sucks connected by trenches and strokes with 800 underground chambers. The M Mannerheim line was adjacent to 136 km of anti-tank obstacles depth from 15 to 60 km - several echelonized lines of forest dawns, wire networks, granite bass, anti-tank pvs and escarps, mineral fields and wires, mixed with concrete and wood-earth fire structures, intercepted roads and Intersome defile. Lakes in Finland had many. Roads in the forest edge were also included in the Finnish defense system.
The lakes were added swamps and rivers, boulders and hills, even the mountains, dense forest - impassable taiga. Always harsh in these places Winter was in 1939-40. Especially lyutoo and windy. Frosts reached 50 °, forty-degree stood for many days. Snow cover reached a meter, or even one and a half.
In such conditions, it was necessary to overcome the ass. And behind it lay a ten-fabulous mainstream of defense-25 resistance sites, each of which consisted of 3-4 reference points (2-3 dota and 3-5 sucks) with permanent garrisons by the strength of the company to the battalion. The positions of the field troops between the strengthens were covered with anti-tank and anti-personnel barriers.
The second supporting strip of defense defended from the main distance from two to fifteen kilometers and the places were connected to the cut-off positions. The third strip of defense covered the Vyborg, in turn, which was the city-fortress. In total, more than two thousand long-term fire facilities of different classes and types have numbered on the line of mannerheim - from multi-storey, with bronoronellipami and several cannon and machine guns, giant mothers-"millionaires" delivered by one machine gun of sucks. Wire harnesses in some areas stood in tens of rows - and not only on the necklaces, but also on the rails covered in the ground.
And all these fortifications that have long swords have been thickly covered with snow. Snow covered glacial boulders, on which he was stuck with torn caterpillars tanks. Snow covered thin ice Lakes and chibies swamp, not giving them to freeze to the bottom. The snow masked the defending troops from the air and from the ground, the snow distorted the sounds of shooting, preventing the artillery soundsters and misleading the infantry fell under the shelling.
For all the canons of military science of that time, in such conditions, it was impossible to stop strengthening such power. Mannerheim's line was impregnable.
But Comrade Stalin set the task. And the Red Army completed it, and not for the years of the siege - in three winter months. At the price of colossal losses.
Commander of the 7th Army Comandarm 2 Rank K.A. Meretkov, members of the military council of the army T.F. Shtykov and Division Commissioner N.N. Clementev.
The ratio of power
Finland, with a population of less than four million, in front of the war, created a 300-thousandth army and militarized formations of "Shrugor" - about a hundred thousand people. Karelian Army General Kh.V. Esterman - 7 infantry divisions, four separate infantry and cavalry brigades, several separate infantry battalions - covered the direction on the viipuri (Vyborg). South, on the coast, the Aland group operated. District Sortavala covered the Colonel Group L. Talvel and Army Corps General Yu.V. Heglund. The central portion in Suomussalmi was a district of the group of General V. Tompo. In Lapland, a group of General E. Vaenius was deployed. In total, there were about 15 divisions to maximize 14,200 personnel in each, with 116 machine guns and 36 tools - Finnish troops of the first line. Three divisions were in reserve.
The artillery of the Finnish army is about 900 stems - in service and old Russian guns of various calibers and destination, and quite modern guns and Gaubes of English, French, German, Czech, Swedish origin, mortars. Coast batteries were armed with good teny. Artilleryrs on the Mannerheim line had a clearly well-established fire and fire interaction system, could shoot on the tables, using the targeted benchmarks and certain directories, while remaining invisible and invulnerable. To drown out the ambrusura of Finnish Dota, it was possible only almost in the stop, a straight fit of a light gun - severe was often impossible to tighten.
The Air Force of Finland was numbered by the beginning of the war 270 (combat - 108) aircraft, mainly English, French and Dutch structures, mostly fighters from Western states during the war another 350 cars came. Moreover. The West put the Finns of 500 artillery guns, 6 thousand machine guns, one hundred thousand rifles, millions of ammunition units and other weapons and equipment. Finns, however, were calculated on a much larger ...