Qualitative adjectives have a non-permanent morphological sign of comparison degrees.

School grammar indicates (see, for example, complex 2), which exists two degrees of comparison - comparative and excellent. More correct is the allocation of three degrees of comparison - positive, comparative and excellent. The positive degree of comparison is the initial form of adjective, with respect to which we are aware of other forms as expressing the best / smaller or largest / smallest sign.

The comparative degree of adjective indicates that the sign manifests itself to a greater / lesser extent in this subject compared to another subject (Petya above VASI; this river is deeper than another) or the same subject in other circumstances (Petya higher than was last year; In this place the river is deeper than that).

Comparative degree happens simple and composite.

A simple comparative degree indicates the reason for the manifestation of the feature and is formed as follows:

the basis of a positive degree + forming suffixes (s), -e, -shore / -ezh (quickly, either, already, early, deep).

If at the end of the basis of a positive degree is element to / ok, this segment is often truncated: deep-ions - the same.

Some adjectives have support, i.e. formed from another basis, forms: bad - worse, good - better.

When forming simple comparative degree The prefix can be joined (understood). A simple comparative degree with the prefix is \u200b\u200bused if the adjective occupies an inconsistent definition position (give me a Ponuna's newspaper) and does not require an introduction to the proposal that this feature compares. If there is in the proposal and what is compared, and what is compared with, the conjunction of the conversational shade (these shoes are moreon than those).

Morphological signs A simple comparative degree is uncharacteristic for the adjective. it

1) immutability

2) the ability to control the noun

3) consumption predominantly in the function of the facility (it is higher than the Father). The position of the definition of a simple comparative degree can only be held in a separate position (much higher than other students, it seemed almost adults) or in an anticipated position with the prefix in position after a noun (buy me a newspaper a fusion).

The composite comparative degree is as a good and smaller degree of manifestation of the feature and is formed as follows:

element more / less + positive degree (more / less high).

The difference between the composite comparative degree from the simple is as follows:

1) the composite comparative degree is wider in value, as it denotes not only the best, but also a smaller degree of manifestation of the feature;

2) the composite comparative degree changes in the same way as a positive degree of comparison (source form), i.e., by childbirth, numbers and cases, and may also stand in brief form (more beautiful);

3) A composite comparative degree can be both a surehead and non-determined and separate definition (less interesting article was presented in this journal. This article is less interesting than the previous one.)

The excellent degree of comparison indicates the largest / low degree of manifestation of the feature ( highest mountain) or on a very large / low degree of manifestation of a sign (kind person).

Excellent comparison, as well as comparative, is simple and composite.

A simple excellent degree of comparison of the adjective denotes the greatest degree of manifestation of the feature and is formed as follows:

the basis of a positive degree + forming suffixes -Ex- / -Ash- (after k, g, x, causing alternation): Dob-Yeysh, high-aish

In the formation of a simple excellent degree of comparison, the prefix can be used: the most good one can be used.

Morphological signs of a simple excellent degree of comparison of the adjectives are the same as in a positive degree, i.e., the variability of childbirth, numbers, cases, use in the syntactic function of determining and the fag. In contrast to a positive degree, the simple excellent degree of comparison of the adjective does not have a brief form.

The composite excellent degree of comparison of adjectives denotes both the largest and smallest degree of manifestation and is formed in three ways:

1) the element is the most + positive degree (the smartest);

2) the element is the most powerful + positive degree (the most / least smart);

3) A simple comparative degree + element of all / all (it was smarter than everyone).

Forms of composite excellent degree formed by the first and second way, have morphological signs characteristic of a positive degree, i.e., they change according to childbirth, numbers and cases, may have a brief form (most convenient), and as definition, and as a registered part faithful. Forms of composite excellent degree, formed by the third way, are immutable and advocate mainly as a personal part of the faithful.

Not all high-quality adjectives have the forms of comparison degrees, and the absence of simple form of comparison degrees is observed more often than the absence of composite forms.

The absence of a simple comparative and excellent degree may be connected

1) with a formal adjectory device: if the adjective has a suffix in its composition, which coincides with the suffixes of relative adjectives, it may not have a simple comparative degree (stupid - * EMUDALE, * Eashable, advanced - * inverter);

2) with the lexical meaning of the adjective: the value of the degree of manifestation may be already expressed at the basis of the adjective - in its root (Bosoy - * Bares) or in the suffix (thick-en-yy - * thick, evil-yu - * frustrating, Bel-ovat - * Belish, Sin-Phenk-Iy - * Blue).

The composite forms of degrees of comparison are not formed only in words with a semantic restriction, i.e. in the second case. So, there are no shapes * more evil, * less whiteish, but there are form less disgraced, more advanced.

Fullness / Brief Adjectives

High-quality adjectives have a full and short form

A brief form is formed by accession to the basis of a positive end of the end: Ø for a male race, -a for female, -o / -e for medium, -th / -I-like plural (deep-Ø, deep-A, deep-o, deep and).

A brief form is not formed from high-quality adjectives that

1) are characteristic of relative adjectives of suffixes -sk, -s - / - EU, -N-: brown, coffee, fraternal;

2) denote animal suit: canowy, raven;

3) have suffixes of a subjective assessment: high, cinema.

A brief form has grammatical differences from the full form: it does not change according to cases, in the sentence advances mainly as a nominal part of the taught (cases of the type of Krasno Maiden, white fuel is brought by phrase-generalized archaic); A brief form acts as a definition only in a separate syntactic position (angry for the whole world, he almost ceased to leave the house).

In the position of the responded value, the value of complete and brief form usually coincides, but some adjectives have the following semantic differences between them:

1) A brief form denotes an excessive manifestation of a sign with a negative assessment, Wed: Skirt Short - Short Skirt;

2) A brief form denotes a temporary feature, full - permanent, Wed: a child is a sick child.

There are such qualitative adjectives that have only a brief form: Glad, Most, should.

Transition of adjectives from the category

It is possible to exist with the adjective several values \u200b\u200brelating to different discharges. In school grammar, this is called "the transition of the adjective from the category of discharge." Thus, a relative adjective can develop a value characteristic of high-quality (for example: Iron Detail (relates.) - Iron Will (Kach.) - Metaphorical Transfer). Attractatives may occur, characteristic of relative and high-quality (for example: Fox Nora (attraction.) - Fox cap (relates.) - Fox habits (quality). Qualitative adjectives, used terminologically, function as relative (deaf consonants). This adjective retains the type of its declination, but morphological signs often change: high-quality degrees of comparison and a brief form (for example, it is impossible to say * this consonant deaf), and relative, on the contrary, they can acquire these signs (with each word his voice became more and more honey , and habits are increasingly foxed.).

Adjectives may have comparison degrees: comparative and excellent. The comparative degree shows that in one way or another, the sign manifests itself to a greater extent than in the other, for example: the left bank of the river cooler right; Left bank of the river coolerthan right.

An excellent degree shows that a particular subject exceeds the remaining items according to any sign, for example: Baikal - deep lake on earth; Baikal - the deepest Lake on Earth.

Adjective in the form of a comparative degree in the proposal are the faees, and in the form of an excellent degree - definitions.

281 . Spish, emphasizing the names of adjectives in the form of a comparative and excellent degree as members of the sentence. Above the adjectives in the form of a comparative degree are compared., In the form of an excellent degree - Prev. Is it possible to insert on the place of the highlighted word of its synonyms? Why?

1. In terms of territory .. our homeland t ... the most big River In Europe .. - Volga. 2. Medium-Siberian .. Plogradier is one of the largest in the world ... 3. Klyuchevskaya Natka - the highest volcano in Asia .. 3. 4. Pr..rode Severn .. Urals are severe, etc. Average .. and South .. Urals.

The comparative degree of adjectives has two forms: simple and composite.

A simple form of a comparative degree is formed by adding the initial form of adjective suffixes - Oh (s) For example: Friendly - Friend (to her); -E. (There is an alternation of consonants), for example: loud - louder; -She, for example: Slim - thinner.

Sometimes when joining suffixes -E. and -She The base of the initial shape is cut off by suffix -K- (-On, -On), for example: Sweet - sweeter, thin - thinner.

Adjective small (small), bad, good form a simple comparative degree form from other bases: less, worse, better.

Adjectives in the form of a simple comparative degree are not changed by nor, nor by numbers or by cases. In the proposal they are faeed.

282 . Form simple shape Comparative degree of adjectives. What value is the dedicated word in the form of a comparative degree form in the 2nd paragraph? in 3rd?

1. Beautiful - more beautiful; Pr....yaya, Wait .. the wonderful, calm, comfortable, terrible, etc. ARE, etc., etc., etc., etc., old, skillful, St..
2. Long - longer; Early, old, thin, distant, bitter.
3. Small - less; Bad, good.

283 . Spariate, forming the adjectives, data in brackets, a simple comparative degree. Stress them as members of the sentence. What is the adjective form of a simple comparative degree take from another basis?

1. Health (expensive) gold. 4 2. Good cl ..va (good) me..teid p..rog. 3. After work 3 food (delicious). 4. True (light) sun. 5. Rain., Summer (bad) is autumn ...

(Proverbs.)

The composite form of a comparative degree is usually formed by adding a word more than the initial form of adjective: friendly - more friendly, loud - loud.

In the adjectives in the form of a composite comparative degree, the second word varies by childbirth, cases and numbers, for example: at a higher price.

The proposal of adjectives in the form of a composite comparative degree is usually a bit and definitions, for example: this year winter is more snowy than in the past; We returned home on a wider road.

The composite form of a comparative degree is often used in scientific style.

284 . Form the composite form of a comparative degree, using the adjectives in all three births. Make 2-3 sentences with recorded words.

HEARS (?) NY, Yas (?) No, danger (?) No, ruggone (?) No, etc.

285 . Spish, arranging missed commas. Stress the adjectives as members of the sentence. Name the types of unsophograms at the site of skips and brackets.

Fatherland My Russia

Ural

I live in the neighbor .. not ..,
In the edge of lakes and ore rocks.
Here Rivers - Blue 3 Mountains - Blue
And in the blue 3 oh .. Meta (L, LL).
In Kr.Hote on hidden forces ..
I have nothing to compare with me.
Other here is a view .. Russia,
Souring is stricter, maybe.
Or maybe here it is younger ...
Sv .. here there is a time .. by the line (?).
But the heart is Russian - all the same.
And kindness. And songs ones!
And faces are the same as in Ryazan ..
And also the sound (?) Is them .. on.
As the sun in the precious Grand Prix ..,
In the Urals .. Rus is reflected.

(L. Taticheva.)

Comparison of two items according to any feature can be expressed in different ways, for example: Brother is attentive than sister; Brother is more attentive than sister.

286 . Compare in some respects the following items. Write down the proposals. Mark a sentence members in them. How do you express a comparison? Express the same thoughts in another way.

Sun and Earth. Moon and Earth. Ural and Caucasian mountains. Barents Sea and Black Sea. Vegetation 3 tundra and taiga vegetation. Yenisei and Volga.

The excellent degree of adjectives has two forms: simple and composite.

A simple form of an excellent degree is formed by adding the initial form of the adjective suffix -Yesh- (-Ash-) For example: Fair - Fair. Before - There is an alternation of consonantsFor example: deep - deepest. This form of adjectives is most often used in the book speech.

Adjectives in the form of a simple excellent degree are inclined.

The composite form of excellent degree is a combination of words the most, most and initial (initial) form of adjective, for example: the most fair, most strict one.

In a composite excellent degree of adjectives, the word is most, for example: in the most inaccessible place.

Adjectives in the form of an excellent degree in the proposal are most often definitions.

287 . Record the adjectives in the form of a simple and composite excellent degree. Highlight suffix, emphasize alternating consonants.

288 . Spinit, inserting the missed adjectives in the form of an excellent degree. Words from the brackets write in the right form. Why are some of their own names enclosed in quotes? Which of our own names are not inclined? And in what case do they cost?

At the meeting of the "Club of the famous captains" were gathered - - - Mor .. Plaitors, travelers, g .. and adventure novels 4. - - Among them was Dick Send, g..roi r..man (Jules Verne) "Fifteen-year-old to..pitan." - - All sch..tali tartar from Taraskon, the Hero of the Roman (Alfons Dodé), and - - was, of course, Baron Munhausen from books .. (cut). All members of the Club 3 were considered with the opinion - - of them Captain Nemo, one of G. .. (Jul Verne) "Mysterious Island".

Reference: wise, cheerful, young, "truthful", famous.

289 . What rivers, lakes, mountains, city are in your area? Compare rivers over width and length, mountains in height, lakes in depth, city and villages. When drawing up proposals, use synonyms multi-water, full; deep, bottomless; Small, shallow, shallow. Stress adjectives in the form of a comparative degree.

Adjectives in Russian. They are indispens when it is necessary to compare one characteristic of the subject or phenomenon on the other. Let's try to figure out the subtleties of this topic.

Adjective

Before starting the study of the topic "The degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian", it is necessary to know how this part of the speech differs from all others. And it really has a lot of features. It is difficult to imagine our speech without this colorful, elegant group. With the help of adjectives, we describe appearance (low, pretty, non-zeys), character (kind, grimy, complex), age (young, old). However, not only human qualities, but much more can be represented with their help. For example, no artistic work costs without the use of adjectives. And the lyrics and is suppressed. Thanks to this part of the speech stories, poems, the stories acquire expressiveness and imagery.

Helps to form artistic means like epithets (dazzling beauty, wonderful morning), stone heart metaphors), comparisons (looks like the happiest; sky, like azure watercolor).

A distinctive feature of the names of adjectives is their ability to form brief forms. The latter always play in the proposal the role of the believer, which gives this part of the speech another advantage - to give any text to any text.

What is the degree?

With this question, anyone who studies Russian is facing. The degree of comparison of adjectives is a characteristic that helps compare one object with another.

For example, we have two goals. They are absolutely the same, only one of them is slightly different in size. We need to compare them among themselves and conclude: one ball more Other. We can approach this issue on the other hand and note that one ball lessthan the second. And in fact, and in another case, we used a word that characterizes the degree of comparison of these items.

Now we put another same as the same, but much greater. We need to highlight it among others. How will we do it? Of course, use a comparison. Only now you need to specify that the third ball differs from the first and second immediately. In this case, we say that he the largest among them.

It is for this that we need about each of their form we will describe in detail further.

comparative

When us is the name of the adjective, which no one compares with anything, it is characterized by a positive degree. But if one item must be compared with the other, then we will use the comparative degree of the adjective name.

She has two subspecies. The first is called simple, or suffix. This means that the word used to this extent has a characteristic suffix for it.

For example: this table chic. Neighbor gormer ours.

In the first case, adjective is worth a positive degree. In the second, the suffix "It" added to him and with the help of this compared one table with another.

The second species is a composite degree. As it follows from the name, its formation does not occur with the help of morpheme, but using special words.

For example: this project is very successful. The past project was more successful.

The word "more" helps us compare one project with another.

Another example: we got valuable information. The previous one was less valuable.

Now, with the help of the word "less", we indicated a sign that manifested itself to a lesser extent.

It is worth remembering that the degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian, regardless of varieties, are formed only from either attracted, nor relatives do not possess this ability.

Excellent degree

In some situations, we need not just to compare one item or a phenomenon with another, but to highlight it from all to it. And here we will also come to help the degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian. This degree of comparison is called excellent, which already implies the highest limit.

As comparative, it has two varieties.

Using suffixes, a simple degree is formed.

For example: Ivanov stronger Of all athletes in the team.

The word "strong" with the suffix - and- formed and allocated an athlete of Ivanov among other members of the national team.

Next example: new tulle the most beautiful From those that I saw.

In this case, the auxiliary word "most" gave this proposal the same meaning as in the previous example. This form is called composite.

Sometimes it can be accompanied by the prefix is \u200b\u200bthe highest: the largest.

Features

In some cases, the forms of degrees comparing adjectives have exceptions.

These include the words "good" and "bad". When we begin to compare it with their help, it will face some difficulties.

For example: we spent good evening. Let's try to form a comparison degrees chain.

In simple comparative, we will see that the words "good" does not happen. It comes to the replacement "better". And by the word "bad" we will select "worse." Such a phenomenon in Russian is called Supptivism basics. This means that the Word needs to radically change to form a comparative degree.

Conclusion

Thus, we managed to find out not only the foundations, but also some nuances on the topic "degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian."

Now this rule will not cause you no difficulty, since it is completely simple.

Qualitative adjectiveshave a reference degree. They express a greater or smaller degree of quality in this subject compared to another subject.
For example: (my house is more beautiful than your house). Sometimes comparison goes inside the same subject (increase or decrease) in different periods of its development, i.e. At the moment, compared with his past state.
For example: (the demand for goods has become higher than last year).

Adjectives have two degrees of comparison:
comparative;
Excellent.

1.Comparative degree of adjective Indicates that some sign manifests itself to a greater or lesser extent in one subject than in the other.
For example: I am happier you. Your briefcase is harder than mine. My dog \u200b\u200bis smarter than yours.

Comparative degree happens:
A) simple
B) complicated

BUT) Simple comparative degree Forms with the help of suffixes:
"It" (s): for example: beautiful - more beautiful, smart - smarter, cold - colder;
"E" (with alternating the latest consonant base or without alternation):
For example: big - more, short - shorter, sweet - sweeter;
"She": for example: old - older, young - younger.
Sometimes in the formation of a comparative degree of adjective, another root is used.
Good - better, bad - worse, small - less.
Adjectives in the form of a simple comparative degree do not change and have no end!

B) Comparative degree It is formed from the full form of a positive degree of adjective with the help of particles more and less.
Big - more (less) big, beautiful - more (less) beautiful.

2) Excellent adjective degree.
An excellent degree shows that some sign manifests itself in this subject to the greatest extent, compared with the same feature in other homogeneous subjects.
This is mine best game; He is the smartest boy in class.

Excellent degree happens:
A) simple
B) complicated
The excellent degree of adjective can change by childbirth, numbers and cases.
(We approached the highest mountains).

BUT) Simple excellent degree It is formed using Sufifixes "Eysh", "Aish".
For example: the stupid, deepest, rarest, nearest
Sometimes another root is used in the formation of an excellent degree of adjective.
For example: good - the best, bad - the worst.
B) Complex excellent degree It is formed from the full form of a positive degree of adjective with the help of particles the most and least.
For example: Small - the smallest, smallest, smaller, smart is the smartest, most intelligent, least smart.

Adjectives in excellent degree, as well as the full forms of the positive degree of adjectives, change according to childbirth, numbers and cases.

Publication date: 01/28/2012 17:58 UTC

• Morphological analysis of the name of the adjective in Russian.
• Complete and brief shape of the impressive names. Declination and spelling of case forms of impressions in Russian.
• The concept of adjective. Morphological signs of impressions. Discharges of implications of adjectives in Russian.

Adjectives (adjectives) are words that express qualities, signs of items. They answer the question what?. In the proposal, they tend to determine the noun. IN english language They do not change in no fees, nor by numbers, nor by cases:

a Little Girl - Little Girl

a Little Boy - Little Boy

little Children - Little Children

With a little boy - with a small boy.

Adjectives change only in comparison degrees (DEGREES OF COMPARISON). There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives: positive (Positive degree), comparative (Comparative Degree), excellent (superlative degree).

Rules for the formation of degrees comparing adjectives.

The adjectives are positive have no endings, for example: Quick (fast), Slow (slow), Old (old), new (new). Comparative and excellent degrees are formed using suffix -er and -est or by adding words more (more) and MOST (most). The choice of method depends on the initial form of the adjective.

Sneakers and some double adjectives form a comparative degree with a suffix -er, and an excellent degree with suffix -est. Using suffix -er, -est form comparison comparison comparison adjectives, ending on -er, -ow, -y, -le (Clever, Narrow, Early, Simple).

We give examples:

Single and double adjectives

The letter must comply with certain rules of spelling.

1. If the adjective has a brief vowel and ends on one consonant, then in a comparative degree and in excellent degree this consonant doubles:

big - Bigger - Biggest

big - more - the greatest, the largest

Fat - Fatter - Fattest

thick, fat - thicker - the fattest

WET - WETTER - WETTEST

wet, wet - more wet - the most wet

SAD - Sadder - Saddest

sad, sad - more sad - the saddest

thin - Thinner - Thinnest

thin, thin - thinner - the thinnest

2. If the adjective ends with the letter -y with preceding consonant, then in comparative and excellent degrees of the letter y. Changing on i.:

Easy - Easier - Easiest

easy - easier - the smartest, the easiest

early - Earlier - Earliest

early - earlier - the earliest

dry - DRIER - DRIEST

dry, dry - more dry - the most dry

But the word shy (shy, gravily) does not obey this rule and forms the degree of comparison as follows:

shy - Shyer - Shyest.

3. If the adjective ends with the letter -E. , then in comparative and excellent degrees is added -R, -ST.:

wide - Wider - Widest

wide - wider - widest, the widest

late - Later - Latest

late - later - the latest

fine - Finer - Finest

good, beautiful - better - the most good

simple - Simpler - Simplest

simple - easier - the easiest

Multiple adjectives, i.e. Adjectives consisting of three or more syllables form a comparison with the help of words More for a comparative degree and Most for an excellent degree. Consider the following examples:

Multiple adjectives

In the same way, i.e. Using words more for comparative degree and Most for excellent degree, form comparison of some double words that end on -ed and -