Which acts as a source form: good - kinder, more / less good, kindest, the kindest, kinder of all.

Expresses a sign of this subject out of comparison with a sign of another subject, with respect to the degree of manifestation of a sign is neutral.

comparative

Forms comparative degree Denote:

1. A sign, which in one subject manifests itself to a greater extent than in the other.

• Elbrus. above Kazbek.
• Behind this first sound followed the other more hard and pull...
• (I. S. Turgenev)
• Further experiments were more complexthan previous ones.
• (Acad. I. P. Pavlov)

2. The sign, which in the same item at different times is manifested in an unequal, is contained in a greater, to a lesser extent.

• I am now modest became in the worst
• My life was my life ...
• (S. A. Yesenin)
• Faith has become more restrainedWhat was.

Comparative degree may be plain (consist of one word) and composite (consist of two words).

Education of comparative degree

Do not have a simple form of comparative degree qualitative adjectives with suffixes - sC -, -oh -, -l -, -n - (They have no short forms!): Friendly, mass, blood, stupid, etc. This also includes adjectives with suffix - to - such as fusible, cumbersome, heavy, separate non-derivative words (flat, dilapidated, proud, sloping) and words denoting animal suit: canowy, savras, etc.

Excellent degree

Forms excellent degree designate:

1. A sign that is in this subject manifests itself to the highest degree or more than in all other subjects.

• Elbrus - high From the mountains of the Caucasus.
• In this group of Ivanov - most capable and hardworking student.
• You are today the best.

2. The limit degree of quality without comparison with other objects, including in the composition of sustainable expressions: the kindest soul, the worst enemy.

• Coming the most important Stage in your life.
• It is necessary to find out everything the smallest Details.

Education of excellent degree

Do not form a simple form of excellent degree qualitative adjectives with suffixes - sC -, -n -, -oh -(-ev -), -to -, -aST -, -east -: native, business, loud, gorgeous, colorful, spreaded, purebred, many words with suffixes - liv -, -chive -, -ovat - (-evat -): Rich, talkative, whitish.

Here
Adjectives may have comparison degrees: comparative and excellent.

The comparative degree of adjective indicates that the characteristic feature is manifested in it to a greater or lesser extent than in another subject or subjects:

Your briefcase is harder than mine.
Your briefcase is more severe than mine.

An excellent degree indicates that this subject is superior to any other items:

Yerevan is the most ancient city of the world.

The comparative degree of adjectives has two forms:
simple and composite.

Simple form of a comparative degree of adjective
it is formed by the addition of suffixes (s), -e,, - initial form Adjective:
good - kinder (s), young - younger, thin - thinner.

Sufifix adjectives -K- (-Ob, -Ek-) may fall out if simple
the form of a comparative degree is formed with the help of suffixes -E, -sh.
In this case, there are also alternation of consonants at the root:
low - below, high - above, thin - thinner.

Some adjective names are of the form of a comparative degree with the other basis:

good - better, bad - worse, small - less.

To the form of a comparative degree, on -y (s), -e, it can join the prefix that enhances or softens the degree of manifestation of a trait in one of the items:

subsequent (s), softer, fond.

These forms, as well as the form of the type of bles, are characteristic of conversational speech:

By night, the wind became more accurate. Nights became warm.

A simple form of comparative degree is immutable,
has no endings, and in the sentence acts as a faithful
or (less often) Definition:
Good words are better than a soft cake. Jump coat warmer.

A simple form of a comparative degree can be formed not from all adjectives (timid, tall, business, etc.).

The composite form of a comparative degree is formed by adding words more, less than the initial form of adjective:

fast - faster, loud - less loud.

The second word is composite form of a comparative degree varies by childbirth, cases and numbers:

deep snow, deeper river, at deeper rivers.

The adjectives in the composite form of a comparative degree in the proposal are subject to the definitions:
Our arguments are thinner and deep. No one could bring more convincing arguments.

In the formation of composite form of a comparative degree
avoid type errors more beautiful.

An excellent adjective degree has two forms:
simple and composite.

A simple form of an excellent degree of adjectives is formed by the addition of suffixes -Ex- (-Ash-) to the basis of the initial form of adjective:
the modest one is modest, the great one is the greatest.

Before timing, there is an alternation of consonants:
strict - strictest, quiet - silent.

Sufifixes can fall out -K-: Close - Nearest.

A simple form of excellent degree varies by childbirth, numbers,
pades. The proposal is a predicate or (less often) by definition:
Travel is the most interesting. It was a story about the most interesting journey.

A simple form of excellent degree is most often used in the book speech.

The degree of comparison is a variable morphological sign of high-quality adjectives. The forms of positive, comparative and excellent degrees are distinguished: new - newer - the newest; Warm - more / less warm - the warmest.

The source is a form of a positive degree, calling a sign outside the correlation of it with homogeneous signs of other subjects ( new house); From it, the addition of typifying suffixes or auxiliary words is formed by simple and composite forms of comparative and excellent degrees.

A comparative degree indicates that the indicated feature is characteristic of this subject to a greater extent than for another subject (or for the same subject, but in another period of time): Our apple tree is higher than the neighborhood; Today, this girl was talkative than yesterday.

The simple form of a comparative degree is formed by adding to the basis of the adjective word-substitution suffixes / -e, -e, as well as an unproductive suffix, it is warm - warmer, warm (collapse); loud - louder; Thin - thinner. In the form deeper (from deep), suffix is \u200b\u200bused. If at the end of the base there is a suffix -k-or-one, then it often feces: low - below; Far - further. From adjective small, bad, good forms of comparative degree are formed with a change in the root: less worse, better. In colloquial speech to a simple form of a comparative degree, a prefix is \u200b\u200boften added to, having the incompleteness of the manifestation of a sign (`a little`): Older - older, less - smaller.

Often the formation of a simple form of a comparative degree prevents the lexical meaning of the word; For example, it is not formed from adjectives with a "absolute" high-quality value of the type deaf, bald, dead, blind or from adjectives, denoting a subjective assessment of the test sign: Promotomic, cinema.

The composite form of a comparative degree is formed with the help of auxiliary words more, less: more beautiful, less loud. The value of this form is wider than the value of type forms louder, as it is expressed not only large, but also a smaller degree of intensity of the feature (the simple form of a comparative degree indicates only a greater degree of sign).

The syntax functions of the composite form are also wider than the simple form of a comparative degree. A simple form is usually part of a composite facility: This essay has been meaningful than the previous one. The composite form can perform the functions of not only the faugible, but also definitions: this time the student wrote a more substantive essay. The composite form can be formed from almost any qualitative adjective, however, it is perceived as a few book shape and in conversational speech is less common than simple form Comparative degree.

The excellent degree of adjectives indicates that the sign of the subject denoted by this form is presented in its maximum manifestation, in the highest extent compared to the same feature among other compared items: the clearest of class students, the brightest room or this subject to other Periods of its existence: Today, workers got the highest salary for six months.

Excellent degree can also be simple or composite. A simple form is formed by adding to the basis of the adjective word-substitable suffix -E.-: Beautiful - beautiful or -ais- (the last suffix only joins the basics on K, G, X): Slim - the finest. The prefix is \u200b\u200boften added to this form: the largest, the deformist. From adjectives small, bad, good form An excellent degree is formed with a change in the root: the smaller, the worst, the best.

The composite form is excellent degree formed in several ways:

1) adding to the form of a positive degree of auxiliary word is the smartest;

2) adding to the form of a positive degree of auxiliary words most, least: the most intelligent, the least capable;

3) adding to the simple form of a comparative degree of auxiliary word all (if the item characterizes is inanimate) or all (if an image is characterized): the most intelligible investigation conducted by a private detective; Moreover, Ivanov's student turned out to be.

The most common composite type of type is the smartest, consistent in the role of both the fag and definition. Type forms are smarter than all / all are used only as a failed. Type forms The most / least capable of becoming the widespread value, indicating both the highest and lower degree of manifestation, but these forms are used primarily in the book speech (in business, scientific, newspaper and journalistic styles).

Modern Russian literary language / Ed. P. A. Roganta - M., 2009.

Qualitative adjectiveshave a reference degree. They express a greater or smaller degree of quality in this subject compared to another subject.
For example: (my house is more beautiful than your house). Sometimes comparison goes inside the same subject (increase or decrease) in different periods of its development, i.e. At the moment, compared with his past state.
For example: (the demand for goods has become higher than last year).

Adjectives have two degrees of comparison:
comparative;
Excellent.

1.Comparative degree of adjective Indicates that some sign manifests itself to a greater or lesser extent in one subject than in the other.
For example: I am happier you. Your briefcase is harder than mine. My dog \u200b\u200bis smarter than yours.

Comparative degree happens:
A) simple
B) complicated

BUT) Simple comparative degree Forms with the help of suffixes:
"It" (s): for example: beautiful - more beautiful, smart - smarter, cold - colder;
"E" (with alternating the latest consonant base or without alternation):
For example: big - more, short - shorter, sweet - sweeter;
"She": for example: old - older, young - younger.
Sometimes in the formation of a comparative degree of adjective, another root is used.
Good - better, bad - worse, small - less.
Adjectives in the form of a simple comparative degree do not change and have no end!

B) Comparative degree It is formed from the full form of a positive degree of adjective with the help of particles more and less.
Big - more (less) big, beautiful - more (less) beautiful.

2) Excellent adjective degree.
An excellent degree shows that some sign manifests itself in this subject to the greatest extent, compared with the same feature in other homogeneous subjects.
This is mine best game; He is the smartest boy in class.

Excellent degree happens:
A) simple
B) complicated
The excellent degree of adjective can change by childbirth, numbers and cases.
(We approached the highest mountains).

BUT) Simple excellent degree It is formed using Sufifixes "Eysh", "Aish".
For example: the stupid, deepest, rarest, nearest
Sometimes another root is used in the formation of an excellent degree of adjective.
For example: good - the best, bad - the worst.
B) Complex excellent degree It is formed from the full form of a positive degree of adjective with the help of particles the most and least.
For example: Small - the smallest, smallest, smaller, smart is the smartest, most intelligent, least smart.

Adjectives in excellent degree, as well as the full forms of the positive degree of adjectives, change according to childbirth, numbers and cases.

Publication date: 01/28/2012 17:58 UTC

• Morphological analysis of the name of the adjective in Russian.
• Complete and brief shape of the impressive names. Declination and spelling of case forms of impressions in Russian.
• The concept of adjective. Morphological signs of impressions. Discharges of implications of adjectives in Russian.

Adjectives in Russian. They are indispens when it is necessary to compare one characteristic of the subject or phenomenon on the other. Let's try to figure out the subtleties of this topic.

Adjective

Before starting the study of the topic "The degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian", it is necessary to know how this part of the speech differs from all others. And it really has a lot of features. It is difficult to imagine our speech without this colorful, elegant group. With the help of adjectives, we describe appearance (low, pretty, non-zeys), character (kind, grimy, complex), age (young, old). However, not only human qualities, but much more can be represented with their help. For example, no artistic work costs without the use of adjectives. And the lyrics and is suppressed. Thanks to this part of the speech stories, poems, the stories acquire expressiveness and imagery.

Helps to form artistic means like epithets (dazzling beauty, wonderful morning), stone heart metaphors), comparisons (looks like the happiest; sky, like azure watercolor).

A distinctive feature of the names of adjectives is their ability to form brief forms. The latter always play in the proposal the role of the believer, which gives this part of the speech another advantage - to give any text to any text.

What is the degree?

With this question, anyone who studies Russian is facing. The degree of comparison of adjectives is a characteristic that helps compare one object with another.

For example, we have two goals. They are absolutely the same, only one of them is slightly different in size. We need to compare them among themselves and conclude: one ball more Other. We can approach this issue on the other hand and note that one ball lessthan the second. And in fact, and in another case, we used a word that characterizes the degree of comparison of these items.

Now we put another same as the same, but much greater. We need to highlight it among others. How will we do it? Of course, use a comparison. Only now you need to specify that the third ball differs from the first and second immediately. In this case, we say that he the largest among them.

It is for this that we need about each of their form we will describe in detail further.

comparative

When us is the name of the adjective, which no one compares with anything, it is characterized by a positive degree. But if one item must be compared with the other, then we will use the comparative degree of the adjective name.

She has two subspecies. The first is called simple, or suffix. This means that the word used to this extent has a characteristic suffix for it.

For example: this table chic. Neighbor gormer ours.

In the first case, adjective is worth a positive degree. In the second, the suffix "It" added to him and with the help of this compared one table with another.

The second species is a composite degree. As it follows from the name, its formation does not occur with the help of morpheme, but using special words.

For example: this project is very successful. The past project was more successful.

The word "more" helps us compare one project with another.

Another example: we got valuable information. The previous one was less valuable.

Now, with the help of the word "less", we indicated a sign that manifested itself to a lesser extent.

It is worth remembering that the degrees of comparison of adjectives in Russian, regardless of varieties, are formed only from either attracted, nor relatives do not possess this ability.

Excellent degree

In some situations, we need not just to compare one item or a phenomenon with another, but to highlight it from all to it. And here we will also come to help the degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian. This degree of comparison is called excellent, which already implies the highest limit.

As comparative, it has two varieties.

Using suffixes, a simple degree is formed.

For example: Ivanov stronger Of all athletes in the team.

The word "strong" with the suffix - and- formed and allocated an athlete of Ivanov among other members of the national team.

Next example: new tulle the most beautiful From those that I saw.

In this case, the auxiliary word "most" gave this proposal the same meaning as in the previous example. This form is called composite.

Sometimes it can be accompanied by the prefix is \u200b\u200bthe highest: the largest.

Features

In some cases, the forms of degrees comparing adjectives have exceptions.

These include the words "good" and "bad". When we begin to compare it with their help, it will face some difficulties.

For example: we spent good evening. Let's try to form a comparison degrees chain.

In simple comparative, we will see that the words "good" does not happen. It comes to the replacement "better". And by the word "bad" we will select "worse." Such a phenomenon in Russian is called Supptivism basics. This means that the Word needs to radically change to form a comparative degree.

Conclusion

Thus, we managed to find out not only the foundations, but also some nuances on the topic "degree of comparison of adjectives in Russian."

Now this rule will not cause you no difficulty, since it is completely simple.