With the death of Stalin - "Father of Peoples" and "Archage Communism" - in 1953, the struggle for power began, because established by him, it was assumed that the steering wheel of the USSR would stand the same one-owned leader who will take the Brazda government to the state.

The difference was only that the main applicants for power all as one performed for the abolition of this very cult and liberalization of the country's political course.

Who rules after Stalin?

A serious struggle unfolded between three main applicants who were initially represented by Triumvirate - George Malenkov (Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR), Lavrenting Beria (Minister of the United Mise) and Nikita Khrushchev (secretary of the CPSU Central Committee). Each of them wanted to take a seat in but the victory could only get to this contender, whose candidacy will support the party, whose members enjoyed great authority and had the necessary connections. In addition, all of them united the desire to achieve stability, complete the era of repressions and get more freedom in their actions. That is why the question of who rules after the death of Stalin does not always have a unambiguous answer - after all, there were three people who fought for power.

Triumvirate in power: the beginning of the split

Created by Stalin Triumvirate divided power. Her big part focused in the hands of Malenkov and Beria. Khrushchev assigned the role of the secretary not so much in the eyes of his rivals. However, they underestimated the ambitious and assertive parties, who allocated extraordinary thinking and intuition.

For those who ruled the country after Stalin, it was important to understand who first need to be eliminated from the competitive struggle. The first target became Lawrence Beria. Khrushchev and Malenkov paid a report in which dossier for each of them had a minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, headed by the entire system of repressive organs. In this regard, in July 1953, Beria was arrested, accusing him in espionage and some other crimes, thereby eliminating such a dangerous opponent.

Malenkov and his policy

The authority of Khrushchev as the organizer of this conspiracy increased significantly, and its influence on other party members increased. However, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers was Malenkov, key decisions and directions in politics depended on it. At the first meeting of the Presidium, the course was taken for the defalence and establishment of collective management of the country: the cult of personality was planned to abolish, but to do it in such a way as not to diminish the merit of the "father of peoples". The main task that Malenkov put was in the development of the economy, taking into account the interests of the population. He suggested a rather extensive program of change, which was not adopted at a meeting of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. Then Malenkov put forward the same suggestions at the session of the Supreme Council, where they were approved. For the first time after the United States of Stalin, the decision was made not a party, but an official authority. CPSU Central Committee and Politburo were forced to agree with this.

Further history will show that among those who rules after Stalin, Malenkov will be the most "efficient" in their decisions. The Complex Action Complex by him in the State and Party Apparatus, on the development of food and light industry, to expand the independence of the collective farms gave their fruits: 1954-1956 For the first time after the end of the war, the growth of the rural population and the growth of agricultural production was shown, which for many years The decline and stagnation became cost-effective. The effect of these measures remained until 1958. It is this five-year plan that is considered the most productive and effective after Stalin's death.

Those who rules after Stalin, it was clear that in the light industry, such success would not be able to achieve, since the proposals of Malenkov in its development contradicted the tasks of the plans of the next five-year plan, which focused on Promotion

I tried to approach solving problems from a rational point of view, applying economic, and not ideological considerations. However, such an order did not suit the party nomenclature (led by Khrushchev), which practically lost its prevailing role in the life of the state. It was a weighty argument against Malenkov, who under the pressure of the party in February 1955 filed a resignation. His place was taken by the companion of Khrushchev Malenkov became one of his deputies, but after the overclocking of 1957, the Anti-Partisan Group (which he entered), together with his supporters, was excluded from the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee. Khrushchev took advantage of this situation and in 1958 he removed Malenkov and from the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers, taking his place and becoming those who rules after Stalin in the USSR.

Thus, focused in his hands almost complete power. He got rid of the two most powerful competitors and headed the country.

Who rules the country after the death of Stalin and the displacement of Malenkov?

Those 11 years who Khrushchev managed the USSR, rich in different events and reforms. On the agenda, there was a lot of problems faced by the state after industrialization, war and attempts to restore the economy. The main milestones who remember the era of the Board of Khrushchev, the following:

1. The development policy (not reinforced by scientific study) - increased the number of sowing areas, but did not take into account the climatic features that slowed down the development of agriculture in the areas of departed territories.
2. "Corn campaign", the purpose of which was to catch up and overtake the United States who received good yields of this culture. Sowing Squares under the corn expanded halfway to the detriment of sowing rye and wheat. But the result was sad - climatic conditions did not allow to get high yield, And the reduction in the area for other cultures provoked the low indicators to collect them. The campaign with a crash failed in 1962, and its result was the increase in oil prices and meat, which caused discontent among the population.
3. The beginning of the restructuring is the mass construction of houses, which allowed many families to move from hostels and communal to apartments (so-called "Khrushchev").

Results of the Board of Khrushchev

Among those who rules after Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev highlighted its non-standard and not always thoughtful approach to reform inside the state. Despite numerous projects that were embodied, their inconsistency led to the displacement of Khrushchev from office in 1964.

In the Soviet Union, the private life of the country's leaders was strictly classified and was guarded by the Gostain Rights of the highest degree of protection. Only the analysis of the materials published recently allows you to raise the veil over the secret of their salary statements.

Capturing power in the country, Vladimir Lenin in December 1917 established a monthly salary of 500 rubles, which roughly corresponded to the remuneration of the unskilled worker in Moscow or in St. Petersburg. Any other income, including fees, high-ranking party members at Lenin's suggestion, were strictly prohibited.

The modest salary of the "leader of the world revolution" quickly ate inflation, but Lenin somehow did not think about where the money was taken to a completely comfortable life, treatment with the involvement of world luminaries and homework, although I didn't forget to speak some times some times: "Dedule these expenses From my salary! "

The Secretary-General of the Bolsheviks of Joseph Stalin, at the beginning of the NEP, the salary was established less than half of Lenin salaries (225 rubles) and only in 1935 he was upgraded to 500 rubles, but already in next year A new increase of up to 1200 rubles followed. The average salary in the USSR was then 1,100 rubles, and although Stalin lived at all on his salary, he could well live on her modestly. During the war years, the leader's salary turned into almost zero as a result of inflation, but at the end of 1947, after the monetary reform, the "leader of all nations" establishes a new salary of 10,000 rubles, which 10 times exceeded the then average wage in the USSR. At the same time, the system of "Stalin's envelopes" was introduced - monthly payments not taxable payments of the party-Soviet apparatus. Whatever it was, Stalin did not consider his salary and did not consider his salary and much She did not attach her.

The first among the leaders Soviet UnionWho became seriously interested in his salary, was Nikita Khrushchev, who received 800 rubles per month, which was 9 times the average salary in the country.

Sibarrit Leonid Brezhnev was the first one who broke the Leninsky ban on additional, except salary, revenues for the tops of the party. In 1973, he awarded himself an international Leninist Prize (25,000 rubles), and since 1979, when the name Brezhnev decorated the pleiad of the classics of Soviet literature, huge fees became a stream to pour into the family budget of the Brezhnev. The personal account of Brezhnev in the Publishing House of the Central Committee of the CPSU "Politicize" is a shot of many thousands of huge circulation and multiple reprints of his masterpieces "Revival", "Small Earth" and "Colen". It is curious that the Secretary General had a habit of often forgotten about his literary income when paying partners' favorite party.

Leonid Brezhnev was generally very generous at the expense of "nationwide" state ownership - to himself, and to his children, and to approximate. He appointed his son first Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade. In this post, he became famous for permanent departures for lush goulands abroad, as well as huge meaningless spending there. Daughter Brezhnev led a rampant life in Moscow, spending unknotely from where the money coming on the jewelry. Approximate Brezhnev, in turn, generously ended with dachas, apartments and huge prizes.

Yury Andropov, being a member of the Brezhnev Politburo, received 1,200 rubles per month, but, becoming the Gensen, he returned the salary of the Schrushchev Secons - 800 rubles per month. At the same time, the purchasing power of the "Andropovsky ruble" was roughly twice as much as the ruble of Khrushchev. Nevertheless, Andropov completely retained the system of "Brezhnev's fees" of the Secretary General and successfully used it. For example, at the main rate of salaries in 800 rubles, its income in January 1984 amounted to 8800 rubles.

Andropov's successor Konstantin Chernenko, retaining the minister's bid at the level of 800 rubles, strengthened the activities to dying down the fees, publishing various ideological materials on its own behalf. According to the partBill, its incomes ranged from 1200 to 1700 rubles. At the same time, the fighter for the moral purity of the Communists Chernenko had the habit of constantly to keep large sums from the native party. So, the researchers could not detect the Chernenko Secretary General in the 1984 genera partbile in 1984, 4550 rubles of the fee obtained from the payment statement of politicization.

Mikhail Gorbachev "reconciled" with a salary of 800 rubles until 1990, which was only four times the average wage in the country. Only together in 1990, the posts of the President of the country and the General Genet, Gorbachev began to receive 3000 rubles at an average salary in the USSR in 500 rubles.

The successor of Secretary General Boris Yeltsin was washed almost to the end with the "Soviet salary", not deciding to the cardinal reform of the salaries of the state apparatus. Only by decree of 1997, the salary of the President of Russia was determined in 10,000 rubles, and in August 1999 its size increased to 15,000 rubles, which was 9 times the average wage in the country, that is, it was at about the level of salaries of its country management predecessors, We had the Gensen title. True, Yeltsin's family had many income from the "Party".

Vladimir Putin, the first 10 months of his reign received the "Yeltsin bid". However, from June 30, 2002, the annual salary of the president was set at 630000 rubles (approximately $ 25,000), plus premiums for secrecy and knowledge of languages. He also receives a military retirement for the rank of colonel.

From this point on, the main bid of the wages of Russia's leader for the first time from Leninsky times has ceased to be simply fiction, although on the background of the payroll rates of leaders of the leading countries of the world, Putin's bet looks rather modest. For example, the US President receives 400 thousand dollars, and has almost the same amount of Japan's Prime Minister. The salary of other leaders is modest: the British Prime Minister is $ 3,48,500, the German Chancellor is about 220 thousand, and the French President is 83 thousand.

It is interesting to see how "Regional Secretary General" looks like this background, the current presidents of the CIS countries look. The former member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and now the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev lives essentially on the "Stalin's standards" for the ruler of the country, that is, he and his family are fully and everyone is provided by the state, but he has established a relatively small salary - 4 thousand dollars in month. Other regional secretaries - the former first secretaries of the Communist Party of their republics formally set themselves more modest salaries. Thus, the President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev receives only $ 1900 per month, and the president of Turkmenistan Sapurmurad Niyazov is generally only $ 900. At the same time, Aliyev, putting his son Ilham Aliyev at the head of the state oil company, actually privatized all incomes of the country from oil - the main currency resource of Azerbaijan, and Niyazov generally turned the Turkmenistan to some medieval cohanice, where everything belongs to the ruler. Turkmenbashi, and only he can solve any question. All currency funds are managed only by Turkmenbashi (Father Turkmen) Niyazov, and his son Murad Niyazov is managed by the sale of Turkmen gas and oil.

Worse than other positions at the former first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Georgia and a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU Eduard Shevardnadze. With a modest monthly salary of 750 dollars, he and complete control over the riches of the country could not establish due to the strong opposition to him in the country. In addition, the opposition is closely following all personal expenses of President Shevardnadze and his family.

Lifestyle and the real possibilities of the current leaders of the former country of Soviets are well characterized by the behavior of the wife of the President of Russia Lyudmila Putin during the recent state visit of her husband in the UK. The wife of the British Premiere of Shary Blair held Lyudmila to view the 2004 clothing models from the famous rich designer company Bourberry. For more than two hours, Lyudmila Putin demonstrated new fashion, and in conclusion Putin asked if she would not want to acquire anything. The prices of Bloumberri are very high. For example, even the gas scarf of this company pulls to 200 pounds sterling.

The Russian presidency so fused the eyes that she announced the purchase ... the whole collection. On such a super millionaires were not solved. By the way, because if you buy the whole collection, then people will not understand that you wear fashion for the next year! After all, anyone else has nothing comparable. Putin's behavior in this case was not so much the behavior of the wife of a major statesman of the beginning of the XXI century, how much reminded the behavior of the main wife of Arab Sheikh mid-20th century, distraught from the amount of petrodollars fell on her husband.

This episode with Mrs. Putin needs to explain a little. Naturally, neither she nor accompanying it during the show of the collection "art historians in civilian clothes" did not have so much money as a collection cost. This was not required, because in such cases, only their signature under the check and nothing else is needed from respected people. No money or credit cards. Even if the most Mr. President of Russia, trying to appear before the world a civilized European, and outraged this act, then pay, of course, had to pay.

Other rulers of the countries - former Soviet republics - also know how to "live well." So, a couple of years ago, a six-day wedding of the son of President Kyrgyzstan Akayev and the daughter of President of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev threatened to the entire Asia. The wedding scale was truly Khan. By the way, both newlyweds only a year ago graduated from the University of College Park (Maryland).

It is quite adequately on this background and the son of the President of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev Ilham Aliyev, who set a peculiar world record: in just one evening he managed to lose the casino as much as 4 (four!) Million dollars. By the way, this worthy representative of one of the "Gensen" genera is now registered as a candidate for the presidency of Azerbaijan. Residents of this one of the poorest countries in the level of living countries are offered in new elections to choose or amateur " beautiful Life"The son of Aliyev or the papasha Aliyev, already" served "the two presidential period, who passed the 80-year-old frontier and so patient that he was no longer able to move independently.

The dates of the Board of Stalin historians call the period from 1929 to 1953. Joseph Stalin (Jugashvili) was born on December 21, 1879. Many contemporaries of the Soviet era associate the years of Stalin's reign not only with a victory over fascist Germany and an increase in the level of industrialization of the USSR, but also with numerous repressions of the civilian population.

During the reign of Stalin, about 3 million people were imprisoned and sentenced to death. And if they are added to them also sent to references, spoken and deported, the victims among civilians in the Stalin era can be counted about 20 million people. Now many historians and psychologists are inclined to the fact that the nature of Stalin has a tremendous influence inside the family and child-ups.

Stalin's hard character

From reliable sources it is known that Stalin's childhood was not the happiest and cloudless. The parents of the leader often swear with the sons. Father saw a lot and allowed himself to beat the mother in front of a little Joseph. Mother, in turn, broke her anger on her son, beat and humiliated him. The unfavorable atmosphere in the family has greatly affected Stalin's psyche. As a child, Stalin understood the simple truth: who is stronger, that's right. This principle became the motto of the future leader in life. He was also guided in the management of the country.

In 1902, Joseph Vissarionovich organized a demonstration in Batumi, this step was the first in a political career for him. A little later, Stalin became the Bolshevik leader, and Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Ulyanov) is included in the circle of his best friends. Stalin fully divides the revolutionary ideas of Lenin.

In 1913, Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili first uses his pseudonym - Stalin. From this time, he becomes known for this surname. Few people know that before the last name Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich experienced about 30 pseudonyms, which did not fit.

Stalin's Board Time

The period of the reign of Stalin begins from 1929. Almost all the time of the Board of Joseph Stalin is accompanied by collectivization, the mass death of the civilian population and hunger. In 1932, Stalin adopted the Law "On Three Spikelets". According to this law, the starving peasant, who sore a spikelet of wheat from the state, was immediately subject to the highest punishment - shooting. All saved bread in the state went abroad. It was the first stage of the industrialization of the Soviet state: the purchase of modern foreign trade techniques.

During the reign of Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, mass repressions of the Peaceful Nalena of the USSR were carried out. The beginning of the repression was found in 1936, when the post of Peace of Internal Affairs of the USSR took HI HJV In 1938, by order of Stalin, his close friend - Bukharin was shot. During this period, many residents of the USSR were exiled to the Gulag or shot. Despite all the cruelty of the measures taken, the policy of Stalin was aimed at raising the state and its development.

Pros and cons of the Board of Stalin

Minuses:

• hard rule policy:
• practically complete destruction of the highest army ranks, intelligentsia and scientific figures (which thought not as the Government of the USSR);
• repression of wealthy peasants and the believing population;
• an increase in the "precipices" between the elite and the working class;
• depression of the civilian population: labor payment by products instead of money remuneration, working day up to 14 hours;
• propaganda anti-Semitism;
• about 7 million hungry deaths during the collectivization period;
• prosperity of slavery;
• selective development of sectors of the Soviet state economy.

Pros:

• creating a protective nuclear shield in the post-war time;
• increase in the number of schools;
• creation of children's clubs, sections and circles;
• exploration of outer space;
• lower prices for consumer goods;
• low prices for utilities;
• development of the industry of the Soviet state in the world arena.

The Public System of the USSR was formed to the Stalinist Epoch, social, political and economic institutions appeared. Joseph Vissarionovich completely abandoned the NEP policy, at the expense of the village he conducted the modernization of the Soviet state. Thanks to the strategic qualities of the Soviet leader, the USSR won in World War II. The Soviet state became referred to as a superpower. The USSR entered the UN Security Council. The Epoch of Stalin's Board ended in 1953. At the post of Chairman of the Government of the USSR, N. Khrushchev changed him.

He began his career after the end of 4 classes of the Zemsky School in the house of the nobleman Mordukhai Bolotovsky. Here he served as a lake.

Then there were not easy intaria in search of work, later the post of the student at Tokar on the old arsenal gun plant.

And then Putilovsky was the factory. Here, he was first and faced the underground revolutionary organizations of workers, the activities of which were already heard. He fight when he joined them, joined the socio-democratic party and even organized his own circle on enlightenment at the factory.

After the first arrest and liberation went to the Caucasus (he was forbidden to live in St. Petersburg and the surrounding area), where he continued his revolutionary activities.

After repeated long-term conclusion, it moves into a roar, where also actively sets up connections with revolutionary figures and activists. It begins to write articles for sparks, cooperates with a newspaper, as a correspondent, distributor, connected, etc.

A few years 14 times were arrested! But continued its activities. By 1917, he played an important role in the Petrograd organization Bolsheviks and was elected a member of the Executive Commission of the St. Petersburg Party Committee. Actively participated in the development of a revolutionary program.

At the end of March 1919, Lenin personally proposed his candidacy for the post of Chairman of the DVIK. Simultaneously with him, F. Dzerzhinsky, A. Beloborodov, N. Krestinsky and others were claimed to this post.

The first document with which Kalinin acted as a meeting was a declaration containing the nearest tasks of the All-Union Central Executive Committee.

During the period of the Civil War, he often visited the fronts, led active propaganda work among the fighters, traveled to the village of Sela, where he held conversations with peasants. Despite the high position, he was easy to communicate, could find an approach to anyone. In addition, he himself was from the peasant family and worked for many years at the factory. All this inspired confidence in Him, forced to listen to him.

For many years, people who collided with the problem or injustice, wrote Kalinin, and in most cases received real help.

In 1932, thanks to him, an operation was stopped by expulsion of several tens of thousands of smoked and excluded from family collective farms.

After the end of the war for Kalinina, the issues of economic and social development of the country became priority. Together with Lenin, he developed plans and documents on electrification, restoration of heavy industry, transportation system and agriculture.

Without it without him and when choosing the Statute of the Order of the Labor Red Banner, the preparation of the Declaration on the formation of the USSR, the Allied Treaty, the Constitution and other significant documents.

During the 1st Congress of the Councils of the Union of the SSR, he was elected one of the chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

The main activity in foreign policy was the work on the recognition of the country of advice by other states.

In all his affairs, even after the death of Lenin, he clearly adhered to the development line, scheduled by Ilyich.

On the first day of winter, 1934 signed a resolution, which later gave the "green light" for mass repression.

In January 1938 he became chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In this position he worked over 8 years. I left the post a few months before death.

The first ruler of the Young Soviets, which arose as a result of the October 1917 coup, became the head of the RCP (b) - the Bolshevik Parts - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin), who headed the "revolution of workers and peasants". All subsequent rulers of the USSR held the post of Secretary General of the Central Committee of this organization, which, since 1922, began to be called the CPSU - the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Note that the ideology of the system ruling in the country denied the possibility of holding any common elections or voting. The change of senior leaders of the state was carried out by the most ruling tip or after the death of the predecessor, or as a result of coups, accompanied by a serious intrapartare fighting. The article will be listed by the rulers of the USSR in chronological order And the main stages of the life path of some of the most vivid historical personalities are noted.

Ulyanov (Lenin) Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924)

One of the most famous figures in the history of Soviet Russia. Vladimir Ulyanov stood at the origins of its creation, was the organizer and one of the leaders of the event, which gave the beginning the first communist state in the world. Heading in October 1917, a coup aimed at the overthrow of the Provisional Government, he took the position of chairman of the Council of People's Commissar - the post of the head of the new country formed on the wreckage of the Russian Empire.

His merit is considered a peace treaty of 1918 with Germany, which was marked by the end as well as the NEP - new economic policy Governments that had to withdraw the country from the puchin of the punching poverty and hunger. All the rulers of the USSR considered themselves "faithful Lenins" and in every possible way praised Vladimir Ulyanov as a great statesman.

It should be noted that immediately after "reconciliation with the Germans", the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Lenin were unleashed by an internal terror against the dissent and heritage of tsarism, which took millions of lives. Napa's policy also existed for a long time and was canceled shortly after his death, coming on January 21, 1924.

Jugashvili (Stalin) Joseph Vissarionovich (1879-1953)

Joseph Stalin in 1922 became the first general secretary, however, until the death of V. I. Lenin, he remained on the second roles of the state leadership, yielding to other his associates, also to the USSR rulers. Nevertheless, after leaving the leader of the world proletariat, Stalin, in a short time, eliminated his main opponents, accusing them in treason to the ideals of the revolution.

By the beginning of the 1930s, he became the sole leader of peoples who could solve the fate of millions of citizens. The policy of forced collectivization and the delamination of them, which came to replace the NEPA, as well as mass repression against persons who are dissatisfied with the current power, took the lives of hundreds of thousands of USSR citizens. However, the period of the reign of Stalin is not only not only for the bloody trail, it is worth noting the positive moments of his leadership. For a short union turned from a country with a third-rate economy in a powerful industrial power, who won the battle with fascism.

After graduating from the Great Patriotic War, many cities of the western part of the USSR, destroyed almost to the ground, were quickly restored, and their industry earned even more efficiently. The rulers of the USSR, who held the highest post after Joseph Stalin denied his leadership in the development of the state and characterized the time of its rule as the period of the cult of the leader's personality.

Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich (1894-1971)

The leaving from the simple peasant family, N. S. Khrushchev became the steering wheel of the party shortly after the death of Stalin, which occurred. The first years of his reign, he led a subcovery struggle with G. M. Malenkov, who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers and the actual state leader.

In 1956, Khrushchev reads a report on Stalinist repressions on the 20th congress of the party, condemning the actions of its predecessor. The reign of Nikita Sergeyevich was noted by the development of the space program - the launch of an artificial satellite and the first flight of a person into space. His new allowed many citizens of the country to move from close communal services to a more comfortable separate accommodation. Houses, massively built at the time, so far, the people are called "Khrushchev".

Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich (1907-1982)

On October 14, 1964, N. S. Khrushchev was shifted from his office a group of members of the Central Committee under the leadership of L. I. Brezhnev. For the first time in the history of the state, the rulers of the USSR in order were not changed after the death of the leader, but as a result of an intraparte conspiracy. The era of Brezhnev in the history of Russia is known as stagnation. The country stopped in development and began to lose the leading world powers, lagging behind them in all sectors, excluding the military-industrial.

Brezhnev undertook some attempts to improve relations with the United States, spoiled 1962, when N. S. Khrushchev ordered to place a rocket with a nuclear warhead on Cuba. Contracts with American leadership, which limited the arms race were signed. However, all the efforts of L. I. Brezhnev on the discharge of the situation were crossed by the introduction of troops to Afghanistan.

Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich (1914-1984)

After the death of Brezhnev, coming on November 10, 1982, His place was occupied by Y. Andropov, who led to this KGB - the USSR State Security Committee. He took a course on reforms and transformations in the social and economic spheres. The time of his rule is noted by the initiation of criminal cases, exposing corruption in power circles. However, Yuri Vladimirovich did not have time to accomplish any changes in the life of the state, since he had serious health problems and died on February 9, 1984.

Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich (1911-1985)

From February 13, 1984, he served as the Secretary General of the CPSU Central Committee. He continued the policies of his predecessor to expose corruption in the echelons of power. He was very sick and died in 1985, having stayed at the highest state post a little over a year. All past USSR rulers in order, established in the state, were buried by U and K. W. Chernenko became the last on this list.

Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich (1931)

M. S. Gorbachev is the most famous Russian politician of the end of the twentieth century. I won love and popularity in the West, but the citizens of his country his rule causes twofold feelings. If Europeans and Americans call him a great reformer, then many residents of Russia consider the destroyer of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev proclaimed internal economic and political reforms under the slogan "Perestroika, publicity, acceleration!", Which led to a massive deficit of food and industrial goods, unemployment and fall in the standard of living of the population.

Argue that the era of the Board of M. S. Gorbachev had only negative consequences For our country, it will be wrong. In Russia, the concepts of multiparty, freedom of religion and press appeared. For his foreign policy, Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Prize of the World. The rulers of the USSR and Russia neither before, nor after Mikhail Sergeevich did not receive such honor.