Aronnik spotted Is a perennial herb of the Aroid family.

Other names:

• arum;
• snake flower;
• serpent grass;
• veal leg;
• dry root.

Description

The area of ​​natural growth is a warm mild climate, found in southern Europe, Ukraine, North Caucasus, Crimea, Georgia. Spotted Aronnik grows in humid places, most often found in forests with clay soil. Can be grown in gardens.

The plant reaches 80 cm in height. Aronnik has a peculiarity in its structure, due to which it is easily recognizable - it is a long inflorescence in a leaf-shaped wrapper, in the considered plant species, a wrapper with spots. The inflorescence consists of small flowers, the lower ones of which are female, the upper ones are male.

For pollination, the flower needs an intermediary, so the plant catches small insects, attracting them with a strong smell. After the fly, in an attempt to get out, transfers pollen from male flowers to female flowers, the arum releases the assistant.

It should be noted that the smell that attracts insects is perceived by people as extremely unpleasant - it is similar to the smell of rotten meat. After pollination of the plant, the leaves fall off, and round berries of a bright red color appear in the place of the inflorescence. Aronnik is highly poisonous, and all its parts contain toxins. I wonder what after heat treatment the roots are no longer poisonous and can be used in cooking.

Compound

Until now, complex studies of the plant have not been carried out.

IN chemical composition hazardous substances are present:

• aroin;
• aronin;
• aronidine.

Causes skin contact with redness and burns. Arum has a nerve effect, leads to headaches, diarrhea. In severe cases, convulsions, obsessions, hallucinations, cardiac arrest are possible. Also included is a large number of crystals of oxalic acid and oxalates - salts that can leave wounds on the mucous membranes and skin.

Healing properties

Almost all toxic substances in small doses are drugs. On the basis of the snake flower, the homeopathic medicine Arum is produced, which is used in the treatment of inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, respiratory tract, as well as mumps, measles, scarlet fever. Many singers and speakers use Arum before performing to repair torn ligaments and normalize hoarse voices.

Medicinal use

The plant is widely used in folk medicine... For the preparation of medicinal products, roots are used, much less often leaves. Berries are never used! They are extremely poisonous. The roots, cleared of dirt and outer shell, are cut and dried. You can also keep the tubers fresh in a sandbox.

Recipes

For the treatment of rheumatism, an infusion is used:

dry tubers (about 50 grams) pour 2 liters of water and leave for one night. The finished medicine is taken with a daily dose increase, starting with one drop three times a day, gradually increasing to 7-10 drops per dose.

For muscle inflammation, rheumatic pains and gout, a special tincture of snake flower is used:

20 g of fresh or dried plant roots are poured into a glass of vodka. Insist 2 weeks.

Infusion for hemorrhoids:

chop and mince dry arum root in the amount of 50 g. Pour in a liter cold water, let it brew for 12 hours. Start treatment according to the scheme: 1 drop by mouth per day, then - increase by one drop per day. The maximum number of drops is 10.

Honey ointment for lichen:

ground arum root in a ratio of 1 to 1 is mixed with honey. Apply to the affected area, hold for 10 minutes and wash off.

Contraindications

Use is prohibited without prior consultation with a doctor.

• pregnant and lactating women;
• people with acute individual intolerance to the components;
• in the presence of chronic diseases (pancreatitis, heart failure).

Poisoning is accompanied by vomiting, cold sweat, convulsions, inability to move, hallucinations. If you suspect arum poisoning, call an ambulance immediately: paralysis with cardiac arrest may develop.

Spotted Aronnik is a perennial plant that reaches a height of 60 cm. It grows in relatively warm latitudes, mainly it can be found in Ukraine, Abkhazia and Georgia. IN middle lane The plant is rare in Russia due to cold winters. Severe frosts can destroy the culture.

The plant loves calcareous soil, therefore it is found in mixed forests. Arum blooms with small flowers, collected in inflorescences. The flower arrow is attached to a thin stem. The root is oval with small branches. What the plant looks like can be seen in the photo.

Usually the plant is harvested in the spring before flowering. After all, flowers draw out a lot of nutrients from the roots and weaken them. The roots of the plant are mainly used, less often the leaves. The root is dug up and washed. The stiff shell is removed from it. Then the raw material is cut into slices and dried. Remember that in fresh the plant is poisonous, but after drying or boiling the root, all poisonous substances disintegrate.

Use of arum spotted

The plant is not used in official medicine due to its toxic properties. But traditional medicine offers a lot of recipes for the treatment of various ailments.

Arum spotted composition:

• aroin, aronin, aronidine;
• oxalic acid;
• calcium oxalates.

Usually the plant is used to prepare homeopathic medicines. Most often, with the help of culture, diseases of the respiratory tract, rheumatism, hemorrhoids and bruises are treated. You can find recipes where arum is used for toxicosis.

Arum spotted bronchitis treatment

To prepare the potion, pour 20 g of dry roots with a liter of cold water. Use clarified or boiled liquid. Let the tincture stand for 1 day. Strain the liquid and drink 70 ml before each meal. This medicine is excellent for relieving hoarseness and fighting bronchitis. Often used for tracheitis and accumulation of sputum in the upper respiratory tract.

Aronica spotted with rheumatism and radiculitis

Alcohol tincture is used to treat these ailments. In order to prepare it, pour 50 g of dry raw materials from the roots with 300 ml of alcohol. You can use homemade strong moonshine. Let stand 15 days. Strain this mixture through cheesecloth or cotton cloth. Drink 30 drops 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 20 days. Tincture can be used to wipe sore spots.

Toxicosis treatment

To remove attacks of nausea and vomiting, it is necessary to pour 30 g of dry roots with cold water. Insist 12 hours. Drink 100 ml for nausea. Be aware that the drug can speed up your heart rate. Consult with your gynecologist regarding the appropriateness of using the drug.

Contraindications

Usually, all contraindications are due to a possible overdose. Due to the toxicity of the plant, it must be taken strictly according to the instructions. You should not drink medicine for heart and liver diseases. The plant increases the heart rate, so a heart attack can occur. Be careful even when applying the tincture externally. The drug is perfectly absorbed through the skin.

Name: comes from the ancient Greek word "aron" - the name of one of the species of this genus.

Description: it is a plant in the shady forests of Southern Europe, North Africa, the Caucasus and one species grows in Central Asia. All arum plants grow only from early spring to mid-summer, then the leaves die off. They bloom in the midst of spring, in central Russia - in May. In August, when the seeds ripen, the scarlet cobs again give the plants a decorative effect. Aronniki - long-living perennial herbs with a thickened tuberous rhizome and basal leaves, outlines resembling a spearhead. Of the 26 species known to science, 2 are found in the wild nature of Western Europe. These are Italian arum (A. italicum) and spotted arum (A maculatum). Within the territory of the former USSR there were 5 types of aronics.

Aronnik italian or white-winged- Arum italicum Mill= Arum albispathum Stev. On moist clay, stony and calcareous soils in forests, shrubs and pastures in the Mediterranean, in the forests of the lower belt of the Crimea and the Caucasus; in Central Europe - in a feral state. The height of this perennial plant 60 cm, blooms in spring with pale creamy yellow flowers with a bedspread about 15 cm in height. The leaves are large with silvery and wavy edges that grow back in the fall. Attractive yet poisonous red fruits appear in late summer. White-winged Aronica poorly and does not always endure winter in central Russia. Unfortunately, flower companies most often bring plants of this particular type for sale. In culture since 1683 In GBS Moscow, live plants were collected in 1945 in Talysh, near the villages. Lerik, at the height. 1200 m above sea level at. m., under the forest canopy. The plant grows from IV to VII. Does not bloom. H. 4 cm.

Aronnik spotted - Arum maculatum L Grows wild in the shady forests of Central Europe, the Balkans, Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, on moist soil. Attractive for its original form of reddish-green, greenish or brown veil and red fruits. Plant height 15 - 25 cm (according to some data up to 60), blooms from late May to mid-June. The leaves are arrow-lance-shaped, often with red spots, long-petiolate. The flower-bearing stem is almost equal in length to the leaf petiole. The veil is lanceolate, greenish on the inside, brownish on the outside, purple with dark spots along the edges, its tube is three times shorter than the wing. The ear is half as long as the cover, its appendage is purple, on a thin pale yellow stalk. Flowers are unisexual. In August, the leaves die off, and a stalk with numerous berries stretching upwards opens up to the eye. The berries are red. In September, the fruits crumble, and in the spring next year self seeding appears. Cold resistant. The tuber is oval or cylindrical. Raw tubers are poisonous, while boiled and fried tubers are edible. In GBS Moscow, live plants were obtained in 1964 from the Stavropol bot. garden. The plant grows from IV to VI. Blooms in VI 2 weeks. Does not bear fruit. H. 30 cm. Photo on the left EDSR.

Eastern aronnik- Arum Orientale Bieb. Grows in the shady forests of Central and Southern Europe, Ukraine, Crimea, Caucasus .. The tuber is rounded-flattened, in the middle with a depression from which leaves and a peduncle emerge. The leaves are petiolar, at the base are closed by scaly sheaths of the outer scaly leaves. The blade is equal to or shorter than the petiole, broadly spear-sagittate, up to 7 cm long, its lateral lobes are up to 4.5 cm. Peduncle is longer than leaf petioles. Bedspread 7-10 cm with a green-white tube and a purple fold. The appendage of the cob is dark purple. Plant height 15 - 25 cm. Requires moist soil. In the conditions of the Moscow region, it blooms in mid-May. Cold resistant. Raw rhizome is poisonous. In culture since 1820 In GBS Moscow, live plants were collected in 1966 in Azerbaijan, in the vicinity of Kzyl-Dere. The plant grows from IV to VII. Blooms in VI. Seeds in VII. H. 40 cm.

Aronnik elongated- Arum elongatum Stev= A. orientale Bieb... subsp. elongatum (Stev.) Engl. It is found in forests, between bushes, among rocks, in the steppes of the warm-temperate and subtropical zones of the south of the European part of Russia, Crimea, the Caucasus, Iran, Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula. One of the most beautiful views... The tuber is round, flattened. Plants are 0.5-1 m tall. Leaves with an elongated spear-shaped plate; its middle lobe is obtuse, 10-20 cm long; lateral - 2-3 times shorter, bent back. The flower-bearing stem is longer than the leaf petiole. The cover is lanceolate, up to 26 cm long, with an elongated tip; its color varies from whitish-green to brownish-purple. The appendage of the cob is dark purple; or purple, up to 10 cm long., On a thick leg, which is 2-3 times shorter than it. The inflorescence emits a strong bad smell... Blooms in spring. Aronnik elongated grows well in shady dry corners of the garden. For the winter, it should be covered with a leaf of broad-leaved trees. In GBS Moscow, seeds were collected in 1960 in the Crimea, to the south. the slope of the Kara-Dag. The plant grows from IV to VII. Blooms in V, not every year. Does not bear fruit. H. 30 cm. Flowering of an individual population can last 1-2 months, and of an individual ear 5 - 7 days. The flowers bloom for 3-4 days, mainly on sunny days from 11 to 17 hours at a temperature of 14-16 ° C. First, female flowers bloom. Pollination occurs with the help of insects (in the Crimea, 12 species from the order Diptera) or small mollusks. The latter eat the appendages of the anthers and release some of the pollen falling down to the female flowers of the cob or to the lower expanded part of the bedspread. From here, crawling insects can carry pollen to female flowers. In addition to cross-pollination, self-pollination is possible in the plant. Elongated aronnik has an unpleasant odor. Photo of Konstantin Alexandrov

Aronik Korolkova- Arum korolkovii Regel= Biarum sewerzowii Regel In the shade of trees, among the rocks, along shady gorges to the mid-mountain belt of Central Asia, Northwest China and Iran. In 1877, it was described in the Petersburg Botanical Garden on the basis of cultivated specimens. Named in honor of N.I.Korolkov, who first brought tubers. The tuber is spherical, somewhat flattened. Petiole at the bottom with an enlarged sheath, slightly or 2 times as long as the plate. The leaf blade is cordate-lanceolate or triangular. The flowering stem is longer than the petiole, 50-60 cm, with reddish stripes. The coverlet is green, rolled up into a narrow tube, almost 2 times as long as the cob; its plate is oblong-lanceolate, pointed, green outside, whitish inside. The appendage of the cob is cylindrical, reddish, 1.5-2 times as long as the cob. The fruits are red. Blooms in spring. In GBS Moscow, seeds were collected in 1960 in the region of the Turkestan range. Live plants were collected in 1958 in the Aksu-Dzhabagly plant, in 1964 in the Arkit plant, in the Kich-Kil-Sai gorge. The plant grows from IV to VI. Blooms in VI. Seeds in VII. H. 30-50 cm. Freshly harvested seeds sprout next spring... It is unstable in culture. Photo left Alexandrov Konstantin Photo right Mikhail Polotnov

Aronnik Palestinian- Arum palaestinum Boiss. On the rocks, in the shady places of the subtropics of Asia Minor. The tuber is disc-shaped. Petiole 20-30 cm long. The blade is broadly spear-sagittal, 18–20 cm long; the middle lobe is oblong-oval, obtuse or with a short tip, 13-15 cm long, 10 cm wide; lateral - 8-9 cm long, obtuse. The flowering stem is shorter than the petiole. The covered tube is about 4 cm long, inside is green or with a purple tinge; plate oblong-lanceolate, dark purple on the inner side, 15-17 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. The ear is 1/3 shorter than the coverlet, with a dark purple cylindrical appendage, 10-15 cm long and 0.6-0.8 cm thick. The inflorescence has a pleasant aroma. 2n = 28. In culture since 1865. Should be experienced in the south of Russia.

Location: grown in the shade under a layer of forest litter. For the winter, foliage shelter is desirable.

The soil: should be well-drained, fertile, without excess moisture (especially for an elongated arum).

Photo of Olga Bondareva

Reproduction: vegetatively (rhizomes), transplanting at the end of summer and seeds (sowing before winter); forms self-seeding. The tubers are planted to a depth of 8 cm at a distance of 30-45 cm. It is difficult to propagate the elongated aronnik by rhizomes, since it grows very slowly.

Usage: in the middle lane, the most promising arum is spotted and elongated. Very good for planting in shaded rockeries.

SPECIES DETERMINATION KEY
1. The tuber is usually disc-shaped or almost spherical ........... 2 ..
+ The tuber is usually cylindrical or ovoid ............ 5.

2. The flower-bearing stem is shorter than the leaf petiole. Inflorescence with a pleasant aroma ...... A. Palestinian- A. palaestinum.
+ The flowering stem is always longer than the petiole. Inflorescence with unpleasant odor. 3.

3. Bedspread ovoid or elliptical, more or less widened .......... A. eastern- A. orientale.
+ Bedspread elongated, elongated ................... 4.

4. Leaves with a spear-shaped blade, the middle lobe is oblong, 10-20 cm long ............... .BUT. elongated- A. elongatum.
+ Leaves with a heart-lance-shaped, larger blade ...................... A. Korolkova- A. korolkowii.

5. The flowering stem is at least 2 times shorter than the petiole ....................... A. Italian- A. italicum.
+ The flower-bearing stem, as a rule, is equal to or longer than the leaf petiole, rarely slightly shorter than it ... A. spotted- A. maculatum.

Aronnik Italian is amazing and unusual for his life cycle: this plant is densely covered with large dark-colored leaves in autumn and winter, but in summer, when all the plants bloom violently, it becomes bare - only one trunk remains, crowned with ripening berries. Looks great in rockeries.

So what kind of plant is this - Aronnik Italian? Can I grow it on my backyard plots?

Description of Aronnik Italian

Aronnik Italian (Arum Italicum) is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Aronnikov or Aroid family, growing from 20 cm to 80 cm. Translated from Greek, "Arun" (Aron) means " poisonous plant"Or" mountaineering ". In addition to its official name, the plant has other names: Ladies and Gentlemen, Hands of Aaron, Marble Arum and others.

The main habitats of Aronnik Italiano are Europe and Asia Minor, The Caucasus, Cyprus, Northwest Africa and the Canary Islands. In the wild, it prefers wet floodplain or mixed forests, thickets of bushes.

Aronnik Italiansky has quite large leaves. They grow up to almost 70 cm in length. They are shaped like a spear. The leaf plates are glossy marble with white veins. As the leaves grow, they change from a marble shade to cream, and the edges take on a wavy shape. All this makes the plant attractive and enhances its decorative value.

The flowering period of Aronica Italiano begins in April and lasts about a month. Among the large leaves grows a purple-brown cone-shaped thickened peduncle, forming a 15-centimeter creamy yellow ear wrapped in a white "blanket". The ear consists of numerous small flowers. It is they who attract insects to themselves.

At the bottom there are female flowers, at the top - male, and between them there is a ring of hairs, which is a kind of trap for insects. Having fallen into such a trap, insects begin to try to get out of it, thereby producing pollination. The hairs begin to droop, the insect is released. This is how nature worked to ensure that same-sex flowers could be pollinated. After the "insemination" is carried out, the ear and the cover begin to die off, giving way to the development of seedlings, first from green, and then bright red berries. Each berry ripens from 1 to 4 egg-shaped seeds.

Attention! Despite the fact that some birds, especially blackbirds, love to feast on the berries of Aronnik Italianski, in no case should they be eaten by people, since they contain a poisonous substance - calcium oxalate. The main symptoms of poisoning are irritation of the skin or mucous membrane of the mouth, tongue, throat; a swelling of the throat may even develop, leading to difficulty breathing; upset gastrointestinal tract. Especially protect small children from berries. In this case, dried berries can be used as a medicine.

Cultivation of Aronnik Italiano, its planting

You can grow Aronnik Italian from seeds. Before sowing, it is imperative to stratify them. The seeds are grown in moist, well-drained soil. You can sow directly in open ground. Best time for this it is late autumn. However, it must be remembered that seedlings will begin to bloom only in the third year of their development.

To achieve the fastest flowering, it is best to plant plants germinated in containers in open ground or use a daughter tuberous rhizome of the plant. Tubers should be planted to a depth of 8-10 cm, the distance between them should not be less than 30 cm.

The planting site should be light, the soil should be moist, clayey, stony, limestone.

Caring for Aronnik Italian

Aronnik Italian is considered unpretentious plant... And yet it is necessary, at least occasionally, but also to pay attention to it. First of all, monitor the degree of soil moisture. To do this, the plant must be regularly watered, but in no case overmoistened, otherwise the process of rotting of the root tubers will begin. To maintain soil moisture, mulching, for example, with cut grass, is necessary.

Although Aronnik Italiana considers it frost-resistant, it must be remembered that its rhizome is capable of withstanding a maximum of 18-degree frost. Taking this into account, a plant without shelter can grow only in regions with a warm climate. Aronnik Italian - flower photo

In areas where cold winters are observed, Aronnik Italian needs to be insulated for winter period... In this case, it is recommended to cover the rhizomes of the plant with spruce branches, dry foliage, a piece of roofing material, or dig up the root tubers and put them in a cool dark basement.

Medicinal properties of Aronnik Italian

Due to the toxicity of the plant, folk medicine, and even more traditional medicine, treat it with great caution. It must be remembered that only well-dried parts of the plant - berries, leaves, roots, can be used as a medicine.

Decoctions from the root of Aronnik Italiano are used to treat the upper respiratory tract. On the basis of the root, homeopathic remedies are prepared for the treatment of diseases such as scarlet fever, mumps, measles, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract. It is taken in dilution D2-D6 several times a day for 3-5-8 (up to 10) drops.

You can prepare an alcoholic tincture from the rhizome, which helps relieve pain in gout, rheumatism. The tincture is applied externally. It can be prepared as follows: a well-dried rhizome is crushed, filled with vodka or alcohol (20 g of rhizome powder + 200 ml of vodka). Insist for 2 weeks in a dark place, then strain.

Important! Do not self-medicate. It is necessary to use Aronnik Italian as a remedy strictly under the supervision of a doctor, according to his recommendations.

Poisonous!

Guarded.

Aroid - Agaseae.

The parts used are the rhizome, sometimes the leaves.

Pharmacy name - arum rhizome - Arirhizoma (formerly: Rhizoma Ari); arum leaves - Ari folium (formerly: Folia Ari).

Botanical description

Spotted Aronica is fixed in the soil with the help of a rounded ovoid rhizome, from which numerous thin and thick adventitious roots extend. The rosette of basal leaves is arrow-shaped with long petioles at the base, surrounded by brownish scaly leaves. But the most striking feature of this plant is a long inflorescence with a leaf-shaped wrapper.

Flowers are unisexual. They sit tightly on a purple-brown, cone-shaped, thickened peduncle at the top, forming an inflorescence-cob. The female ones are at the bottom, then there is a ring of hairs, and above are the male flowers. The inflorescence arranged in this way is a trap for small insects attracted evening aroma cob. Once in the "trap", insects are forced to pollinate the flowers.

In a pollinated flower, the hairs droop, and insects can get out. Soon after fertilization, the top of the ear and the leaf of the wrapper die off and the fruit of red berries develops. Blooms in April-May (until June). Occurs on lime-rich clayey soils of wet floodplain forests, as well as in mixed forests and bushy thickets.

Active ingredients

A large number of crystals of oxalic acid and its salts (oxalates), especially in the leaves. Harsh volatile substances (aroin, aronin and aronidine). Thin sharp needles of calcium oxalate crystals, when touched, injure the skin and mucous membranes.

Use in homeopathy

The homeopathic remedy Arum is still very popular for coryza, inflammation of the oral mucosa, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, mumps, scarlet fever and measles. Arum helps in almost all cases of hoarseness when the vocal cords are overstrained, for example, when a singer or orator is unable to sing or speak loudly. It is taken in dilution D1-D6 several times a day for 3-5-8 (up to 10) drops. You can also gargle with a highly diluted tincture: 5 drops in a glass of warm water.

Healing action and application

In folk medicine, arum tubers are recommended for inflammation of the mucous membranes, especially with a hoarse voice, chronic bronchial catarrh and cough. It has anti-inflammatory and expectorant effects. Also used as stomachic with gastritis, belching, increased acidity of gastric juice and colic in the stomach, in the presence of sand and and bladder, with hemorrhoids and liver diseases, rheumatism, neuralgia.

Recipe

1. Pour 1 hour spoon of finely chopped roots (tubers) of arum with a glass of cold boiled water and leave for 8 hours. Strain and sip throughout the day. In the form of alcoholic tincture or liqueur on white grape wine, as well as powder from the root, it is used for polyps and cancers in the nose.
2. Grind the rhizome of Aronnik spotted. Pour 20g of chopped rhizomes with 200ml of vodka and leave to infuse in a dark place for 14 days. Applied topically for rheumatism, gout and inflammatory processes on the skin.

Contraindications

Toxic, take strictly under medical supervision.