Foreword

Diseases and pests of berries such as raspberries are known to every gardener. Nevertheless, the plant should be processed in time in order to preserve the long-awaited harvest and its delicate bushes. All diseases of raspberry, its leaves and stems can be divided into two types - viral infections and fungal infections.

The most famous viral diseases of raspberry and their treatment

The development of necrosis of leaf veins is also noted, which, instead of green, acquire a bronze tint from below. Sick raspberry shoots stop growing early and have flower clusters with deformed flowers at their ends. Such flowering forms few berries, very small and dry. Curl control measures are the same as with raspberry overgrowth.

Green and yellow mosaic as the most common leaf diseases

Green mosaic appears on the leaves of raspberry shoots, which were not enough for the development of sunlight. It is characterized by a variegated color of leaf blades in the form of dark and light spots. The edges of the leaves with this disease are bent down, and dark green bumps form on the plates themselves. The most effective measures to combat this disease are the destruction of infected bushes, the observance of the quarantine of the diseased area from a healthy planting and the treatment of raspberry bushes against insect pests with biological products Agravertin and Fitoverm.

Yellow mosaic is a general yellowing of the upper leaves of raspberry shoots from the peripheral part to their center. This disease manifests itself either at the end of May or in mid-August. The leaves are usually narrow and curled around the edges. Plants stop growing early and are bright yellow in color. The harvest on diseased bushes may not be small, but the berries themselves come out polyspermous, dry and tasteless. Disease control is the same as with green mosaic.

Fungal diseases of raspberry in pictures

Anthracnose is the most striking and frequent disease caused by a fungus that infects stems, leaves, young shoots and sometimes raspberries. Small grayish-white spots with a purple border appear on the leaves and stems of the infected plant. Sore areas peel off and fall off. Treatment and prevention of the disease: in early spring, before the flowering of the shoots, the bushes are sprayed with 5% urea or 3% nitrafen solution, and a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid also helps.

Fully resistant varieties of raspberries to anthracnose are still unknown, but the least susceptible to it are Herbert, Usanka, Texas, Izobilnaya, King, Turner and Cuthbert. Most often, anthracnose is ill - Kaliningrad, Autumn, Volzhanka, Progress, Seedling German and English.

The purple spot is caused by a fungus that infects all terrestrial parts of the shoots. Purple spots appear on the stems and leaves of plants, rapidly increasing in size. Over time, the spots become brown-brown in color with a light middle, the surface of such spots has rather large tubercles. With a strong infection of the plant, about 85% of the buds die, the shoots grow slowly and are very underdeveloped. Berries are not born. Treatment and prevention of the disease: spraying the plant with 2% nitrafen solution in early spring. Bushes are sprayed with 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid before flowering and after picking berries.

Raspberry root cancer - how to fight?

Ulcerative spotting of stems or cancer of raspberry stems manifests itself in the appearance on the shoots of brown spots of irregular shape, which quickly grow and grow throughout the bush. Small black balls form on the spots, from which a gray powdery mass is released, which is the secretion of conidial spores. In place of the stains that collapse over time, shallow, but large ulcers are formed.

When growing raspberries in a summer cottage, you have to face all sorts of difficulties. The most important misfortune for a shrub is infection with a particular disease. The plant begins to wilt, the leaves fall off and the quality of the berries deteriorates. In the future, the bush can completely die and infect neighboring plants.

Raspberry diseases are divided into two types: infectious and non-infectious. Infectious diseases include those varieties that are spread by various bacteria or fungal spores. They are normally treatable at the initial stage, and in the future, the development of the disease reduces the chances of recovery at times, in the advanced stage it is already impossible to cure the raspberries, so the bush is uprooted from the ground - there will be no more benefit from it. Noncommunicable diseases are caused by a lack of vitamins in the soil, or improper care or planting. Difficulties in treating a noncommunicable disease arise when a specific cause is identified. Sometimes, in order to recognize the cause of the wilting of raspberries, it takes not a single week, as a result of which the bush may already lose all its strength to recover, so you need to act right away.

Fungal infections

When a shrub is infected, the fungus quickly penetrates through the cuttings, stem, and cracks immediately into the plant tissue. Fungal infections are spread by insects, but they can prevail in the soil when growing a previously diseased plant.

Important! Most fungal infections begin to infect raspberries in the springtime, in April or May.

Fungal diseases include the following types:

• Didymella. Otherwise, the disease is called Purple Spot. The causative agent of the disease is considered to be a fungus called Didymella applanata. The fungus very quickly spreads along young annual shoots, the stem, forming heterogeneous spots of a vague shape. Over time, the spots acquire a brown color, and pathogens appear in the center in the form of small red blotches. The fungus causes damage to the berries and the death of the stem. Cutting out infected shoots is considered a measure of combating the fungus. You can carry out the treatment with fungicides of the Abiga-Peak, Alirin B, Gamair brands.

• Anthracnose. The disease spreads rapidly due to the progression of the fungus Gloeosporium venetum Speg. On the affected leaves and shoots, small red spots immediately appear, in which the middle is painted gray, and the edging is red. After a few days, the leaves begin to curl into a tube, and then dry out and die off. Berries die immediately, infected fruits are unsuitable for food. Rainy weather, frequent watering, and high humidity have a positive effect on the reproduction of the fungus. In addition to pruning infected shoots, spraying with a 1% solution of copper sulfate is effective as a fight against the disease. Helps prevent the spread of fungus 3% Nitrafen solution and 4% Bordeaux liquid. All solutions are applied to healthy shoots, diseased bushes are immediately removed.

• Septoria. Young shoots and green leaves become the affected area of ​​the fungus. The disease manifests itself in early summer. Round brown spots form on the leaves, in the center of which black dots form. The stain dries up, leaving holes in the leaves, and then the leaf itself dies off. Only pruning a diseased bush has become an effective remedy for septoria. The infection does not respond to treatment, and infected shoots will not return to normal. To prevent fungal spores from spreading to neighboring raspberry branches, they are sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate or zineb.

• Verticillary wilting. The disease is spread by soil fungus, which affects most agricultural crops. The fungus can hibernate in the soil, it is not afraid of frost. The incubation period can last for a very long time, even if the plant has tolerated spring and early summer well, the first signs of infection will not appear until July, when the weather becomes hot and dry. Withering is manifested by the appearance of yellow dry spots on the leaves. The leaf dies off after a while, and soon the shoot itself dies. The use of fungicidal agents will help prevent the spread of the disease.

• Rust. One of the most common raspberry diseases occurs due to the fungal spore Phragmidium. The disease proceeds intensively with the formation of rusty spots on the leaves, and then on the stem. The leaves dry out, begin to curl, and then die off. New shoots also die. Only the removal of infected shoots and their further burning can eradicate the disease. To prevent the remaining raspberry shoots from becoming infected, they are treated with any solution containing copper or zinc.

• Gray rot. The disease is manifested by the formation of gray plaque on the leaves. Black bumps form on the plaque. The plaque then spreads throughout the raspberries, including the berries. To prevent infection of healthy shoots, fungicides such as Fitosporin-M are used. Spray healthy shrubs at least 1 time per week. Sick shoots are cut and burned.

Viral diseases

Viruses enter raspberries with insects or through contaminated soil. The treatment proceeds with difficulties, but it is possible to save the bush. Viruses multiply rapidly and spread to healthy shoots. One of the radical and effective measures against viral infections has been and remains the pruning of diseased parts. Viral diseases include:

• Mosaic. This disease is common. The main symptom is the appearance of tuberosity on the leaves, the formation of rough spots. All spots are separated by a vein, so the leaf resembles a mosaic. Seedlings instantly wither and lose their vitality. The mosaic quickly attacks the berries, forming blotches on them. The virus spreads well in humid conditions. The main way to deal with mosaics is the use of insecticides, since insects mainly carry the disease. There is no such cure for mosaic, only cutting off the infected part of the raspberry can stop it.

• Dwarfism. Raspberry gets infected with a virus in August or September. The disease may not manifest itself in any way, since the virus calmly survives the winter, already being in raspberries, and will manifest itself only next summer. The main symptomatology is the thinning of the shoots. Young shoots noticeably slow down in growth intensity, new branches become brittle. Raspberry stops fruiting or bears fruit with small, ugly fruits; during flowering, deformation and an irregular, mutated shape of flowers may occur. The disease is difficult to recognize, since there are no obvious signs of its manifestation. Nevertheless, decoctions of herbs of yarrow, chamomile are considered to be effective remedies for treatment, you can spray raspberries with infusion of potato tops.

• Vein chlorosis. Aphids are called the main vectors of chlorosis. The disease resembles a mosaic, so it is often misdiagnosed. The symptom of infection is the appearance of yellow dry spots on the leaves. A mesh appears on the spots. The vein of the leaf changes in color - becomes yellow. An effective measure for the treatment of chlorosis today is considered to be pruning of infected shoots.

Healthy shoots continue to be treated with Bordeaux liquid solutions, insecticides.

• Curliness. The disease becomes noticeable when the shoots reach the age of two. The shoots are short, and the leaves are characterized by increased wrinkling and stiffness. Leaves can become twisted from the edges. The fruit cluster becomes ugly, the berries grow poorly. Young root shoots have too thick shoots. Curliness progresses for 3-4 years, after which the raspberry bush dies out. The disease cannot be treated, as it requires too difficult diagnosis, the symptoms are weak.

Non-communicable raspberry diseases

Noncommunicable diseases are much more common than viruses and fungi. You can recognize such a disease by observing the bush for some time. The main symptoms of the disease are:

• yellowing of sheets;
• poor or late fruiting;
• scanty formation of new shoots;
• the formation of brittle and thin new shoots.

Such symptoms arise as a result of gardeners making mistakes in planting, care in growing raspberries. Raspberries should be planted at least 50-60 centimeters from neighboring crops in neutral soil. Raspberry supplements are used 3-4 times per season. It is allowed to carry out top dressing with special complex formulations. Potash and phosphorus fertilizers are used for abundant fruiting and flowering. For the formation of new healthy shoots and leaves, ammonium nitrate is added to the soil. Using the correct dressing and regular watering will eliminate the above symptoms while preserving the shrub.

Prevention and folk remedies

In order not to have to deal with diseases, the following recommendations are observed:

• carry out regular weeding of raspberries from weeds and overgrowth;
• in the fall, they must dig up the soil;
• water the bush regularly, but do not overdo it with watering;
• in a timely manner, at least 2 times a year, cut off old and dried shoots;
• in autumn and spring, healthy shoots are irrigated with Bordeaux liquid or copper sulfate.

Carrying out these measures will minimize the risk of infection with viruses and various fungal infections.

Important! Prevention of diseases and pests of raspberries is carried out in the spring.

Folk remedies for the prevention of diseases are still used. Raspberries are often sprayed with infusion of potato tops. To obtain an infusion, 1 kilogram of tops is poured with a bucket of water and kept for a day, then the mixture is filtered and 50 grams of grated laundry soap is added. The mixture effectively repels insects - the main vectors of infection.

A tincture of garlic or onion has a similar effect. 4 heads of onion or garlic are finely chopped and poured with 10 liters of water. The solution is insisted for 3-4 days, and then the raspberry shoots are irrigated once a week in the spring. Raspberries respond well to herbal products such as chamomile and yarrow. They do not harm the shrub, on the contrary, they contribute to lush flowering and abundant fruiting. The standard preparations for treating raspberries in the spring were a solution of potassium permanganate and Bordeaux liquid, as well as dissolved copper sulfate.

All processing must be carried out in a timely manner, even in the first year of raspberry cultivation. Although you do not need special care for raspberries, the condition of the leaves and stems is constantly monitored, they pay attention to the shoots that have formed - they should be healthy in appearance and have a beautiful red-brown color. The color of the raspberry leaves is green, the formation of spots or cracks is not allowed. In the event that the first signs of damage to the bush are noticed, they establish the cause and fight in the above ways.

Raspberries are a well-known shrub and everyone's favorite berry, which is present in almost every site. But not always rosy plans for harvesting her crop can come true - this can be prevented not only by pests, but also by diseases. One of the most common raspberry diseases can be didimella, which is popularly called simply purple spot. Let's figure out how to treat a disease such as raspberry purple spot, and how to avoid infection.

Purple (purple) raspberry spot - how to treat and how to avoid infection

Didymella (Didymella applanata) is a fungus that spreads mainly by air masses and water currents, but can also be introduced into raspberries and underground insects. This means that the spread of the disease is versatile and active. It should be borne in mind that purple spot attacks only weakened and frail plants, on an absolutely healthy shrub, without damage, the fungus will not spread. Therefore, most often it "works" in conjunction with raspberry gall midge, which makes the plant weak.

The didimella fungus begins its destructive activity from cracks in the stems. If there are small scratches of any origin on raspberries, then such a shrub is included in the risk zone - it is through the cracks that the purple spot spreads. Cracks can appear both as a result of the work of pests and in frosty winters, when the bark does not withstand strong low temperatures. Cracking can also appear during changes in winter temperatures - if several so-called "thaws" occur in a row.

The attack of the fungus occurs mainly in autumn (the optimal temperature for emergence and introduction), and after successful wintering, it completely spreads to the whole plant in the spring. But it may appear primarily after a particularly rainy spring. The onset of the development of the disease occurs most often in June, from the middle to the end. The diseased plant stops developing and the buds are laid extremely poorly. In the first year of the disease, purple spotting is not atrocious, it does not develop so quickly. In the fall, you will notice that the raspberry stems have acquired a light gray hue. But the next year, the fungus begins to manifest itself with renewed vigor: shoots begin to die off, tops dry up.

The most favorable atmosphere for the distribution of purple spot is high air humidity and moderate temperatures (up to 20 degrees). It is during this period that the rate of spread of the fungus increases significantly. You should also be afraid of a widespread disease in especially rainy summers.

Novice gardeners, seeing brown spots on the trunk of a raspberry for the first time, are perplexed, and often ask "what is this?" -purple spots - where, in fact, the name of the disease came from.

These spots start from the base of the stem - it is from below that the fungus begins its activity, gradually spreading higher and higher. Small at first, spots then grow, ringing the entire stem. The purple color soon changes to brown, and after a while whitish specks may form on this brown. After the stem, raspberry leaves suffer - didimella gets to them. On the leaves, the spots are brown with a yellow edging along the edge.

As a result of the disease, raspberry stems begin to crack, after which they completely break. The shrub begins to dry out, as the disease does not allow it to eat and develop properly. In this case, the harvest can never be expected. Therefore, it is necessary to take countermeasures at the first sign.

The reasons entailing the disease with purple spot:

• Dense planting;
• The presence of pests (crimson gall midges);
• High air humidity;
• Supersaturation of the soil with nitrogen;
• The proximity of groundwater.

Knowing all the main causes of the growth of the fungus, it is necessary to minimize them, preventing the disease.

How to treat raspberries for purple spotting?

Raspberry treatment is mostly about preventive measures. Let's start with them.

1. Correct planting of raspberries. If raspberries are planted for the first time or again, then all planting recommendations should be taken into account in order to exclude the appearance of the disease. This includes, firstly, careful selection of the seedling - it must be absolutely healthy, it must not have any (absolutely no) cracks and damage. In addition, the raspberry variety is also of no small importance - it is best to select already zoned varieties that are resistant to this disease. Secondly, the choice of a landing site - as already mentioned, it should not be a lowland with a high probability of high humidity, and it is best to exclude the proximity of groundwater. Thirdly, the soil, which, if possible, should have a neutral pH. Limestone poor soils are also a source of raspberries weakening and withering away, which means they are part of a group susceptible to fungus.
2. Pruning and thinning raspberry bushes. Sanitary pruning must be done every fall, preferably in dry weather. In the course of this procedure, all old, diseased branches, branches with the slightest damage, and, of course, branches that have bearing fruit (which will no longer bear fruit) are removed. It is advisable to remove old bushes to zero, this will greatly reduce the likelihood of disease. If the raspberry is already sick, then it is necessary to peel off all the spotted leaves without regret, cut out all the stems with spots. After that, all the trimmed material must be burned without fail in order to prevent further spread. Thinning bushes is also an important procedure, because it is in the thickets that the fungus spreads most willingly. It is necessary that there is unobstructed air circulation between the bushes.
3. Mulching the soil around raspberry bushes, as well as between its rows. Mulching has several important functions here. The first is to prevent the growth of weeds, which are also carriers of the fungus. Secondly, the mulch keeps the soil loose and oxygen-permeable, which is important for the overall health of the raspberry. A healthy shrub is the least susceptible to purple spot attack. Peat and freshly cut grass are suitable for mulching.
4. Autumn loosening of the land around the bushes. This procedure will help reduce the risk of disease. Only you need to loosen it no deeper than 8 cm, so as not to hurt the root system. Cracks can form in the soil, which is a condition for the penetration of spores of the fungus and other infection there. Therefore, loosening is mandatory for those who do not apply mulch.
5. Watering. In dry weather, the raspberry bush should be watered - it is advisable to mix water with wood ash for this. This contributes to the saturation of the soil with potassium, which contributes to the overall health of the bush.
6. Growing raspberries on a trellis is a fairly effective method of prevention. With this method, ventilation is achieved, and there is no thickening of the plantings.

What to do if raspberries are already sick with purple spot?

In this case, at the slightest suspicion of a disease, the following measures must be taken:

• When some bushes are diseased with purple spotting, they should be cut out immediately and without regret. The fact is that the fungal spores of didimella very quickly spread to healthy bushes. Therefore, there is a risk that all nearby raspberry bushes may get sick. To avoid this, diseased stems should be eliminated.
• In late autumn, during the period of leaf fall, carry out the treatment with pharmaco. For a standard 10-liter bucket of water, 1 teaspoon (3-5 ml) of iodine is taken.
• Treatment of a shrub with a tank mixture of biofungicides Alirin-B, Gamair, Fitosporin-M, or Fitop-Flora-S. The first treatment must be carried out in early spring, before the buds open. The second time such spraying is carried out during the budding period.

Finally, we note that along with the processing, all the above measures should be taken to improve the overall health of the raspberry tree. Now you know how aggressive raspberry purple spot is, and you can determine how to treat this phytopathogenic fungus.

It is very important when growing raspberries to protect them from diseases and pests that can significantly reduce yields. It is necessary to comply with agrotechnical rules and carry out preventive measures. The most common raspberry diseases are: gray rot, anthracnose, purple spot, mosaic, rust, chlorosis, raspberry overgrowth. The main pests: aphids, raspberry flies, spider mites, stem gall midge. In order to take the necessary measures to heal the plant and save the harvest, you need to learn to recognize the enemy or disease and know their signs.

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Diseases and their treatment

There are several varieties of raspberries:

• early;
• average;
• late;
• remontant.

All of them are quite often subject to disease, which is associated with improper care of the plant. Even a slight deviation from the rules of cultivation leads to various problems. You need to be attentive to this shrub in order to identify the disease at an early stage of development. It will be much easier to deal with it this way.

Gray rot




Gray mold is the most common disease. Small gray spots appear on the fruits, which gradually increase and affect the entire berry. It begins to rot, becomes covered with a gray coating containing spores of the fungus. Moisture and water promote the proliferation of spores, resulting in the entire raspberry plant being affected. The peak of the disease occurs on cool days with high humidity. Not only berries are affected by gray rot, but also leaves along with shoots. Diseased plants usually cannot stand the winter and die.

Gray rot in raspberries spreads very quickly, so action must be taken as soon as it is detected.

To save the affected plant, which may still bear fruit, it is necessary to collect all the berries affected by gray rot and burn them. Then the beds are thinned out, cutting out weak offshoots and fruit-bearing shoots to the soil level with a pruner, after which they are taken out and burned.

Several chemical treatments are carried out against fungi that cause gray rot. The preparations are recommended to be used before the berries appear. In early spring, raspberries are treated with a 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid, which allows them to destroy overwintered spores.

Before budding, raspberries and the soil around it and between the rows are sprayed with 2% nitrafen solution. During budding and after harvesting, it is recommended to spray the plant with Bordeaux liquid, colloidal sulfur suspension, as well as Albit, Tiovit Jet, Tsineb preparations, which are fungicides and growth regulators.

In case of a massive defeat, it is necessary to destroy all the old plantings and lay a raspberry plantation in a new place. For planting, choose material that is not infected with viral and other diseases.



Anthracnose




Anthracnose is a fungal disease that affects berries, stems and leaves. It manifests itself as single spots that appear on the stems of raspberries. They are grayish-white in color, and a purple edging forms along the edges of the leaves. In places of damage, the tissues dry out, and the spots merge, forming ulcerative lesions. The bark begins to peel off on the stems, and the leaves roll up and dry out.

Control methods:

• remove plants affected by the disease;
• healthy bushes are sprayed with preparations containing copper;
• reduce plant thickening;
• provide good ventilation.

During the season, raspberries are processed at least three times. With high humidity and during the rainy season, you need to monitor the plantings. It is this weather that contributes to the rapid spread of the disease.



Purple spot




Didymella or purple spotting is a common fungal disease of raspberries. With such a disease, leaves and stems are affected, as a result of which the plant dries up. First, light purple spots appear on the stems, which begin to blur. At the edges, they darken to a reddish-brown color, and black dots appear in the light center of the spots. Then the spots begin to merge, their surface cracks, the shoots break. If the summer is wet, then the disease can affect the entire area.

To get rid of the fungus, it is necessary to destroy the infected specimens. Also, the bushes are treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid and do not allow the area to overgrow.

Mosaic




Raspberry mosaic is a viral disease that manifests itself as chlorotic spots and stripes on the leaves. The aphid virus spreads, and the pathogen enters the plant through wounds left by pests. With this disease, the leaves turn yellow, alternating dark and light areas appear, which border thick and thin veins. Sometimes they form "herringbones" and patterns or mosaics. With a strong lesion, bulging areas appear on the spots, and the leaves become thin and wither.

You need to deal with the mosaic as follows:

• Weak and diseased shoots and plants are removed and burned.
• Healthy planting material is used for planting. Particular attention is paid to plantings of wild raspberries, which are located very close, since aphids and mosaic pathogens are almost always found on these plants.
• The bushes should be regularly sprayed with insecticides against aphids, such as Aktofit, Aktara Komandor, Tanrek, Iskra. Can also be used against the pest Karbofos or Nitrafen.
• Weeds should be removed in a timely manner and the plant should be fed with manure, potassium salt, superphosphate or rotted compost.

Raspberry rust




This is a dangerous fungal disease that affects the plant in high humidity conditions. It is manifested by the appearance on the inner side of the leaves of small, rounded, slightly convex pads of a yellowish-orange color. They can also be found on central veins and petioles. On the shoots, gray ulcers with a reddish border appear. The fungus overwinters in the form of spores in fallen leaves. In spring, the spores fall on the leaves and form "pouches" on their underside. During the summer, with high humidity and temperature, several generations of spores can form. Raspberries begin to be massively affected in the middle of summer, and by the end of the season, whole clusters of spores appear on its leaves, which have settled down for the winter. The leaves dry out, which is why the plant does not tolerate winter very well and dies.

Ways to fight:

• In the fall, after harvesting, all fallen leaves should be burned and rusty shoots should be removed.
• Also, at the end of the season, the soil is loosened and infected leaves are embedded in it, and in the spring they mulch with manure.
• If the bushes are very badly affected, then in early spring the buds are sprayed with Nitrafen or Dnok preparations. You can use preparations containing copper, for example, 3% Bordeaux liquid. A solution of ammonium sulfate helps to fight the disease well.
• You can also use Oxyhom, Ordan, Hom, Bayleton, Topaz, Fitosporin.

Chlorosis




Raspberry chlorosis is caused by the Raspberry vein chlorosis virus. A distinctive feature of the disease is that the leaves begin to turn yellow along the veins, after which the entire leaf becomes brown in color. The shoots stretch out and become thin, and the fruits usually ripen only from the sunny side and dry up without ripening.

Ticks and aphids are active carriers of the virus. The disease develops very quickly and affects all the leaves that fall off, making the raspberry bush unstable to cold weather. The plant weakens and dies.

To prevent the spread of the disease, raspberries are recommended to be treated with preparations against sucking insects. In early spring, while the buds have not yet blossomed, the plant is sprayed with a 3% nitrafen solution or 0.2% nicotine sulfate solution. Before flowering, a good result is shown by spraying raspberries with a 0.1% emulsion of 30% methylmercaptophos. All bushes affected by chlorosis are immediately uprooted and burned.

Raspberry sprout




Raspberry overgrowth is a mycoplasma disease that leads to the formation of a large number of non-fruiting shoots. They are very small, and their number can reach up to 200 pieces per bush. All shoots come from the same rhizome. They are much shorter than healthy ones, and the leaves on them are small. Shoots form very dense bundles.

The methods of dealing with such a disease are exclusively preventive in nature, because it is quite rare to get rid of a viral disease. The main methods of prevention are:

• regular treatment of bushes against sucking insects;
• purchase of high-quality and healthy planting material;
• compliance with quarantine measures.

Before flowering and after harvesting, in order to control the vectors of the disease, berry plantings should be sprayed with Actellik. Raspberry bushes with signs of overgrowth are uprooted and immediately burned.

To protect the raspberry bushes, preventive measures should be taken and the insects that have appeared should be destroyed in a timely manner.

Aphid




Leaf and shoot aphids are common raspberry pests. They settle in colonies in inflorescences and at the ends of shoots, and also live in groups on the underside of leaves, feeding on their sap. The shoot aphid leads to a slowdown in the growth of raspberries, and the leaf aphid also carries viral diseases.

The pest feeds on the nectar of flowers. When the green shoots grow, the females lay eggs in the axils and at the top of the growing leaves. After 5–8 days, the larvae bite into the shoot and feed on it. Development of larvae lasts 12–16 days, after which they go shallow into the soil and remain there until the spring of next year. In the spring they pupate and after a week flies begin to emerge. In thickened plantings, the fly is capable of damaging up to 80% of young shoots. The tips of the damaged shoots begin to wither and droop, and after 2 weeks they dry out.

Raspberry treatment is carried out by spraying the soil and young shoots before flowering with Kemifos or Fufanon. Withering shoots should be promptly removed and burned, as well as thickened plantings should be thinned out.

Stem gall midge




Gallicia is very familiar to gardeners in southern and central Russia. The description of the pest is as follows - it is a small insect with transparent wings and a brown back. It brings the main harm to raspberry stems. On the lower and middle parts of the shoots, characteristic swellings, called galls, appear. In winter, they contain pest larvae.

In the spring, they eat the contents of the stems, and during the flowering of raspberries, an adult insect appears and begins to lay eggs on young shoots. After a month, swellings appear on them - the place where the larvae of the pest live. Above this formation, the shoots dry out and then break off. The skin on the galls themselves cracks and falls off. If no measures are taken, then gall midge can destroy up to 70% of raspberry plantings.

If the raspberry gets sick or is attacked by a pest, then this problem must be solved. If you do not take timely measures, then you can lose most of the harvest.

Almost every gardener has raspberry bushes on the site. This is not surprising, because this berry is not only very tasty, but also healthy. However, the quality and quantity of your crop can be affected by various diseases and pests. Therefore, it is important to know what measures need to be taken to treat raspberry diseases and how to save it from pests.

Raspberry is a rather unpretentious plant. She is not too demanding on the soil and can survive severe frosts. But this berry can still be affected by diseases and insect pests. The following are the most common raspberry diseases and how to treat them.

Gray rot

This disease is caused by a fungus and can affect almost all parts of the plant, but most often the infection begins with the fruits or flowers, moving on to the leaves. The symptom of this disease is a dirty gray coating. As a result of damage, raspberries become inedible. The most common cause of the disease is warm, humid weather. Sometimes gray rot causes the loss of more than half of the crop.

Control methods

Of course, it is best to avoid contamination of raspberries. To do this, it is necessary to ensure good air circulation, as well as avoid overmoistening. To do this, you need to carry out regular pruning, remove weeds and do not over-water the bushes. Plugged weeds should never be left near the planting, since the likelihood of fungus on dead plants is extremely high.

An effective method of preventing infection is the treatment of bushes with chemicals. This must be done in the spring, before the berries appear. An effective drug is the HOM fungicide. For processing 25 sq. m of shrub, it is necessary to dilute 10 g of the drug in 2.5 liters of water. It is necessary to process not only the shoots, but also the ground under them. In this way, overwintered spores can be destroyed and mass infestation can be prevented.

If, nevertheless, raspberries were affected by a fungus, then you should act very decisively. The first step is to uproot and burn the infected stems. Treatment includes stopping any type of watering. In addition, after harvesting, it is necessary to prune all shoots, remove all weeds and leaves, and also burn them. Thus, it is possible to protect new shoots from entering the spores of the fungi.

White spot

Like many other diseases, this disease is also a fungus. It affects only the stems and leaves, without affecting the fruit. Small dark spots appear on the affected areas, which grow and merge into large, gradually brightening. The affected leaves dry out and crumble over time. Spores of the fungus hibernate on the stems in order to spread to young shoots in the spring.

Control methods

Since this disease cannot greatly affect the current harvest, you can wait for the berries to be picked and then start treatment. First of all, it is necessary to cut off the affected stems at the root, as well as the tops of the remaining shoots. In addition, it is recommended to thin out the bushes. All cut branches must be burned to prevent the spread of the disease. To "finish off" the remaining spores, you can treat the stems with a solution of colloidal sulfur. In the summer, you can carry out preventive spraying with Bordeaux liquid.

Bacterial root cancer

This disease is unpleasant in that it is quite difficult to notice. As a result of development, the berries begin to lose their flavor, and the stems grow much more slowly. Experienced gardeners in this case, first of all, check the roots. They develop swelling up to 5 cm in diameter. Often this disease is detected during transplantation even before the onset of symptoms.

Control methods

The most common cause of this disease is growing raspberries in one place for too long. For prevention, it is recommended to transplant shoots every 2-3 years. In case of detection of this disease, harmful to raspberries, it is recommended to treat the roots with a solution of copper sulfate before transplanting. To do this, dissolve 100 g of vitriol in 10 liters of water and immerse the roots of the transplanted plants for 10 minutes.

Bushiness

This disease is often called "overgrowth", and is popularly referred to as "Witch's broom". Its name fully reflects the essence: a large number of low and thin shoots with miniature leaves appear around one rhizome. The fruitfulness of such a bush drops to a minimum, and sometimes the berries do not appear at all. The cause of this disease is a virus that is carried in plant sap. Distributors are insects (mainly mites and aphids). Alternatively, you can infect healthy bushes with tools by pruning them along with the infected ones.

Control methods

Unfortunately, it is no longer possible to help an infected plant. If you find bushiness in a plant (you can see examples in the pictures), it is better to uproot and burn the plants right away to prevent the spread of the virus. You can inspect healthy bushes for insects and apply an insecticide to them, depending on the species found. Disease prevention is the preventive treatment of plants with insect repellents, as well as the planting of virus-resistant varieties.

Raspberry pests

Raspberry-strawberry weevil

This is a small beetle (about 3 mm), which, in addition to raspberries, damages many other berries. It does harm even before the fruit appears. The female lays eggs in a peduncle, after which the flower withers. Adults damage leaves and eat anthers.

Control methods

Once it spawns, the beetle does not do much harm, so you can wait for the harvest. After that, it is necessary to cut off all the remains of the plant, carefully remove the leaves and dig up the ground, since the weevil hibernates there. In the spring, even before flowering, it can be sprayed with Iskra-M.

Raspberry beetle

Quite common pests. They have a yellow-brown color and a body length of about 4 mm. Both adult insects and larvae cause harm. They can destroy the berry or lead to a significant reduction in its size. Larvae are 2 times larger than beetles, and during pupation are clearly visible to the naked eye, which helps in the fight against them.

Control methods

The easiest way is to manually drop the beetles. If there are few pests, then a medium-sized raspberry plantation can be effectively cleaned in a few tens of minutes. The larvae pupate at the end of July, at a depth of 20 cm underground. During this period, you can dig up the aisles.

Chemicals can be used. During the flowering period, it is necessary to spray with karbofos, diluting 75 g in 10 liters of water. You can also use insecticides "Confidor", "Iskra-M", etc., thanks to which the pests will not grow to an adult.

Raspberry stem gall midge

A very small (up to 2.5 mm) mosquito, which is quite difficult to see. But the results of his activities are visible to the naked eye. Adults do no harm, but their larvae hibernate in the stems, forming galls (swellings). They are very damaging to the shoots, leading to a decrease in yield.

Control methods

If stems with swelling are found (as in the photo), they must be cut and burned. As a preventive measure, during flowering, the bushes can be treated with the same agents that are effective against the raspberry beetle. Handling the stems carefully is an important precaution. Damaged shoots will be the first to be selected by the gall midge for laying eggs.

Raspberry glass

A butterfly that resembles a wasp in body structure and color. Adults do not harm plants, but their larvae practically cut the shoots at the root. The glassmaker lays her eggs in the middle of summer, at the foot of the stem. The larvae, immediately after emergence, gnaw into the roots or into the lower part of the stems. Pests make moves inside the raspberry shoots, gnawing out the core.

They also purposefully make several holes for the butterfly to exit, which brings even more damage to the plant. Affected bushes bear very little fruit and can break at the base. The larva hibernates inside the stem, and in summer the butterflies fly out, lay eggs around the stems, and the cycle repeats.

Control methods

The main prevention method is to cut off the fruit-bearing shoots. In places with a large distribution of butterflies, several shoots will be regularly affected, but regular cutting will help prevent the massiveness of this phenomenon.

Raspberry stem fly

Raspberry worm