Oshshnik Forest or Semia - Shrub height 6-8 m. Flowers in March - April. At this time, other trees are still naked, and on the branches of Oshnik there are already refined seelings. Oshness is pollinated by the wind. Nuts ripen 4 months after flowering, in September.

Thickets of hazel (sushchina) at d. Average Toyma

Announced a biological (botanical) monument of nature of regional importance in 1962. Nature Monument is a zonal type of vegetation of coniferous-deciduous forests. It is a habitat rare species Plants and animals. Protected area - 168.75 hectares.

Oshnik is located along the slope of the left bank of Toyma's river in a non-screens of a length of about 5 km opposite the tops of the top, the middle and lower Toyma.

Earlier on the territory of the monument of nature there was a coniferous-wide forest, but after cutting during the Great Patriotic War on firewood in its place, a deciduous forest was thrown with the predominance of Osin. Leschina recovered by forest edges. Juniper increased slightly lower. IN last years Newly began to appear coniferous trees. Due to the lack of care of Oheshnik, lately, it is thickened aspen and oak. On the slopes graze cattle. Nuts are small.

The vegetation on the territory of the monument of nature is distinguished by the species diversity, the presence of rare and protected species of herbal plants. For example, the expeditions of the DUC "ROWER" and TsDDD Vyatsky Polyany here found azurenik Three-bladebrought to the Red Book of the Kirov region. This is a major perennial umbrella plant Height up to one and a half meters with characteristic three-sand leaves, green from above and bluish-naizy bottom, with large up to 25 cm in width of white colors-umbrellas.

Scheme of the arrangement of nuts y Top, Middle and Lower Toyma

Thickets of nuts (sucks) y d. Thin

Thickets of Osheshnik (lame) with an area of \u200b\u200b1.68 hectares are 1.5 km away west of the village of Quinu and 3 km west of the village Chekashevo. Located on the southern canopy of the slope of the watershed, along the slopes of the slopes of a wide log, descending to the village, quit. Since 1990, this place is considered a biological (botanical) monument of the nature of the Kirov region. The monument has a scientific and informative meaning.

The soils are medium-grained turf-carbonate, typical medium-immiscular gravity angular mechanical composition. Merghelisy loams are soil-forming and underlylane.

Next to the hazel thickets along the top of the slope stretches the remarkable strip of forests from trees of different breeds, including many klyonov, oaks, elm, wild apple trees.

It is anxiously reducing the thickets of nuts on this territory. In one of the frosty winters, many hazel bushes have merges and stopped fruit. It is also affected by the fact that due to the reduction of the number of inhabitants, it almost ceased work on the care of hazel, which were regularly cleaning the territory, in the cutting of highly rigorous and rapidly growing woody rocks (such as aspen), in restricting collection timing Harvesting nuts.

Scheme of the arrangement of Oshness y d. Quin

Sources:

1. Solovyov A.N. Thickets of Oshness U Toyama. // Solovyov A.N. Treasures of Vyatka Nature. - Kirov, 1986. - C.102.
2. Alikova N.V. Nature Monument "Thickets of Oreshnik (Leschinchina) at the village of Average Toyma" / N.V. Alikova, Zaripova. // Excursions on the nature monuments of the city of Kirov and the region. Part 2. - Kirov, 2007. - S.50-51.
3. Kuznetsova N. The Monument of Nature needs to be protected. / N. Kuznetsova. // Vyatsko-Polyanskaya Pravda. - 2009. - 20 Oct. - C.2.
4. Alikova N. Treasure of Vyatka Nature is a medium-monozyman nut. / N. Alchikova. // Vyatsko-Polyanskaya Pravda. - 2006. - 28 Oct. - p.3.
5. Nature Monument "Thickets of Oshshnik (Leschinchina) near D. Kinyuz": passport. - Vyatskaya Polyany, 2002.
6. Cornilova O. with an expedition to Ershovka. / O. Kornilova. // Vyatsko-Polyanskaya Pravda. - 2009. - 6 Aug. - C.2.
7. Orekhova A. Faithful assistants Nature. / A. Orekhova. // Vyatsko-Polyanskaya Pravda. - 2009. - 20 Aug. - p.3.

Thickets of hazel (sushchina)

Type: Natural Object Location: near the village of Middle Toyama Coordinates: Status: Monument of Nature of the Kirov region Belongs: Administration of the Midwater Summer Rural settlement of the Vyatskopolyansky district

Oshshnik Forest or Semia - Shrub height 6-8 m. Flowers in March - April. At this time, other trees are still naked, and on the branches of Oshnik there are already refined seelings. Oshness is pollinated by the wind. Nuts ripen 4 months after flowering, in September.

Thickets of nuts (sucks) at the village of Toyma declared a biological (botanical) monument of the nature of regional importance in 1962. Nature Monument is a zonal type of vegetation of coniferous-deciduous forests. It is the habitat of rare plant and animal species. Protected area - 168.75 hectares.

Oheshnik is located on the slope of the left bank of the Toymen's river, a non-a strip of a length of about 5 km opposite the tops of the top, the middle and lower Toyma.

Earlier on the territory of the monument of nature there was a coniferous-wide forest, but after cutting during the Great Patriotic War on firewood in its place, a deciduous forest was thrown with the predominance of Osin. Leschina recovered by forest edges. Juniper increased slightly lower. In recent years, coniferous trees began to appear again. Due to the lack of care of Oheshnik, lately, it is thickened aspen and oak. On the slopes graze cattle. Nuts are small.

The vegetation on the territory of the monument of nature is distinguished by the species diversity, the presence of rare and protected species of herbal plants. For example, the expeditions of the DUC "ROWER" and TsDDD G. Vyatskaya Polyany here discovered a TRADE-BLAND, listed in the Red Book of the Kirov region. This is a major perennial umbrella plant with a height of one and a half meters with characteristic three-sand leaves, green from above and bluish-nasy bottom, with large up to 25 cm wide with white colors-umbrellas.

Scheme of the arrangement of nuts y Top, Middle and Lower Toyma

Sources

1. Solovyov A.N. Thickets of Oshness U Toyama. // Solovyov A.N. Treasures of Vyatka Nature. - Kirov, 1986. - C.102.
2. Alikova N.V. Nature Monument "Thickets of Oreshnik (Leschinchina) at the village of Average Toyma" / N.V. Alikova, Zaripova. // Excursions on the nature monuments of the city of Kirov and the region. Part 2. - Kirov, 2007. - S.50-51.
3. Kuznetsova N. The Monument of Nature needs to be protected. / N. Kuznetsova. // Vyatsko-Polyanskaya Pravda. - 2009. - 20 Oct. - C.2.
4. Alikova N. Treasure of Vyatka Nature is a medium-monozyman nut. / N. Alchikova. // Vyatsko-Polyanskaya Pravda. - 2006. - 28 Oct. - p.3.

Lounge, hazel, hazelnut - we know this plant under different names. The name of the genus Corylus comes from the Greek "Korys" - helmet, cover, because The fruits are enclosed in a helmet wrapper. It is believed that the birthplace of the plant is Greece. However, Oheshnik has grown in Malaya Asia, and in the Caucasus, where he spread throughout southern Europe and advanced to the north. Fruit, well-known hazelnuts, very tasty and used in the confectionery and food industry.

Latura, or Oshness (Lat. Corylus), - Rhodes of wooden leaf falling high-yielding (like walnut culture) and decorative shrubs And trees (usually high 3-5 m high, but can reach 7 m, up to 5 m wide) Birch family (Betulaceae). It is distinguished by the woods with beautiful widespread leaves and elegant golden-yellow tinting serges that appear in the spring much earlier foliage, valuable wood, delicious and nutritional nuts. Interestingly, when the spring dramatically warms, the kidneys of the flavory burst and disclose so quickly that there is an obvious crack of the kidney scales next to a bush! In the autumn, dark green leaves of the flavory acquire a bright color: yellow, orange, red. Also removed decorative forms of flaws with purple and golden leaves; There is a variety of flashes with fancy curved branches. Cultural fruit sides of the flavory called hazelnuts.

The species scientific name of the flavory - "Abel-Lana" - borrowed from the Romans and comes from the name of the city of Avellino, which was the center of culture and trade in forest nuts in ancient Rome.

The advantages of the flavory are rapid growth and early fruiting (already at 3 - 4 years old), longevity (from 80 to 150 years). For the flavory is characterized by powerful root system, so it is successfully used to secure slopes and ravines.

This is a pretty winter-hardy plant, but the flavory flowers can suffer from strong spring frosts. People prone to allergies need to be borne in mind that allergenna pollen. Fruits contain a lot of valuable oil, protein as well mineral salts and trace elements.

In our region, the most commonly occupied by the Vyshchinsky (C. Avellana) is found from Europe. It is drought-resistant, unpretentious to soils and shades, but it is good fruits only on fertile soil with a sufficient amount of moisture and on a well-lit place. It will not grow on marshy and salted soils. Fruits-nuts ripen at the end of summer. The decoction of the bark of the flash is used for medicinal purposes.

Winter hardy is also a low, rich-yielding lortheland (C. Cornuta) from North America, loving moisture and growing in nature along the banks of the rivers. The fruits of the legs of the horned ripen in September; They are tasty, but hard-wrapped from a barbed wrestling wort.

More residents Ancient Rome And Greece grown wild walnut - Leschin, considered him sacred and believed that the branch of a hazel could point out where the treasure was buried, would help to put out the fire, would fight from many diseases. Walnut was considered a symbol of life.

Main varieties:

• golden hallow Aurea - Leaves during the blooming golden yellow, later greenish-yellow, slowly growing bush, up to 3 m high;
• corkscrew-shaped coata - Corkscrew-shaped branches are bent, suitable for solitary landing, height 2-4 m, this variety must definitely remove the "wild" outflow;
• Purpurea. - Light red, later red-brown leaves, bush tall up to 4 m.

Reproduction and landing

We breed with the seeds, root offspring, giving up. The easiest way in a regular garden is the division of the bush. A sharp shovel chips 1 - 2 young trunks together with the root system and a large lump of land. When transplanting, cuts are made at an altitude of 10 - 15 cm from the ground to cause the appearance of a new row and achieve a better trust of the bush. When a large number of seedlings are required, and the plants give little root offspring, use horizontal and arcuate gag.

The varietal hazelnuts and the flaws can be multiplied by the vaccination by the kidney or a cutlets on the wild leisure and bear nuts. The best time of vaccination vaccination in our conditions - the end of July is the beginning of August, when the bark is easily separated from the wood. The kidneys for vaccination take from the weird part of the shoots of the current year. Before starting the vaccination and cut the eyes from the escape of the brought variety, the cuttings are purified from the downsion. The vaccination of the cutlets makes ways: to the bite, abrasion, behind the bark. The cuttings are harvested in autumn, although it is possible to cut them down and spring until the kidney is dissolved before the vaccination itself.

From the sowing of the seeds of hazelnuts, especially hybrids, the offspring is obtained a variety of, sometimes little similar to the parent plant. As a rule, the hazelnut seedlings give a midflower, although possessing beautiful taste and food virtues. For planting, mature nuts that fell from the bush are chosen. Sow autumn to a depth of 7 - 8 cm or in spring to a depth of 5 - 6 cm. With seed reproduction of the hazelnuts and the flakes enter the course of fruits only for 5 to 8 years. With vegetative for 3 to 4 years.

The best development of the flavary is achieved on fresh humus-rich soils, but absolutely not enduring wetlands and saline, as well as poor and dry soils.

Fit nut fall. First prepare pits 50 - 60 cm, refuel them with humus (up to 10 - 15 kg), mineral fertilizers And they add fertile land from the upper arable layer. The seedlings before planting are cut up to 20 - 25 cm, the roots are rigged into the crucible and manure tank and placed in the pits after 4 - 5 m (to create a living hedge put it tightly), it is plentiful.

Food bushes need persistent pollination. Therefore, to obtain nuts, it is necessary to land a number of two bushes, better than different varieties.

Care

Surveillance circles of the leaching should be periodically loose, but shallow, and mulch, such as bevelled grass. In the dry years, the plants occasionally watered, every 2nd - 3 years feed the organic and annually - mineral fertilizers. During the verge of fruits, the urea feeder is desirable. And for the normal growth and development of the Bush of Leschin on the 5th - 6th year, it is thinned, leaving in each 6 - 8 or 8 - 10 stems, depending on the lounge of the landing.

For a guaranteed prosperous overlooking plants, it is recommended to fighten the low-growing branches to the ground and to cover them with snow. To obtain a reliable harvest, it is necessary to use artificial pollination.

The formative trimming is of great importance for the flavoring and hazelnuts. Since the flavory - plants are light-minded, the whole krone bushes should be available for light and air. In practice, two formation techniques are used:

• In the middle of thickened bushes, excess shoots are cut out. Side of the side trunks are rejected and fixed in this position with wire. It turns out something like a green "vase" with a middle, available light and air.
• The trunks are tied by deflecting them to the left and right, to two thick aluminum wires passing from the bokes of the bush at an altitude of 1.2 - 1.5 m from the ground. The bush profile in this case looks like a boat, or the letter "V". This is essentially a heat garter, so tapping the raspberries and grapes. With such a formation, the bushes occupy less placethan with the first. For a separate bush, it is better to use the formation of the type "Vase".

Another of the permanent concerns of the gardener is the clarification of the crown of the flavory, especially inside the bush. When pruning, it is necessary to take into account that most of the rigid flowering kidneys is at the tips of the converting branches of the branches. For this reason, only dried, old and strongly shadowing branches are cut off. Although the orcharger bush lives for a long time, but at the age of 15 - 20 years the thrust branches of skeletal trunks begin to dying, which is why yield is reduced. Rejuvenating trimming required. Conduct it gradually, cutting 1 - 2 old stem per year. Cut them as close as possible to the ground, in early spring, in March, before the start of the Socialization. Cut and excessive root pigs have a bush.

Using

Species shafts are shadowless and good for scuffs when you need to cover too long and bare trunks of "galley" trees. But much more than lamers love solar clearing. Single Matte bushes with widely stretched branches will completely replace the gazebo or become shelter for shadow flower beds for eighty - such is the lifetime of the plant. Abundant sheet oped The flakes will become a good organic feeding for any forest plants, and her thick foliage makes the plant ideal for landing protective screens against wind and noise.

Keep colored leisure in groups or one - the case of taste, in any case they look elegant. The album is well combined with other fruitless shrubs: a crosslog, a storm, elderberry.

Thank you for your help in preparing the material.

Bologog Elena Ignatiev

Hazel Ordinary, Ordschina (Corylus Avellan L.) [Leschina, Hollow, Zalepuin, Walnut Shrub, Orij, Orishin, Arazh (Georgian), Chattahuk (Kyrgyz), Alun (Moldavskoy)], Berezov family (Betulaceae).

There is a significant number of types of nuts related to the genus Corylus, most of them grow in the USSR. Special great importance It has an ordinary Oreshnik (S. Avellana).

In the USSR, the leaching tree is also grown - bearish walnut (S. Colurna), Veshchka Vychina Kolkhidskaya (S. Colchea), Leschina Pontica (S. Pontica), Leschina Manchuric (S. Manshurica), Shortotructured S. Brevitiba) and others.

Forest walnut (leschina) - branchy from the base of the shrub, an average of 1.5-2.5 to 4.5-5 m high; Rarely there are trees reaching the height of 7-7.5 m. One-bedroom plant. Flowers in February - April (depending on the place of growth). In southern areas bloom forest walnut begins at the end of January. The leaves from above are naked, dark green, lowered, rounded, rounded or oval, along the edges of the gear. Branches young naked, gray; Older bristle, with hairs, yellowish gray. Men's flowers form long scaly, minor earrings; Female flower is wrapped in scaly kidney. Blossom is usually very early to dissolve the leaves.

Despite the fact that there are almost always two seeds in the ovary, only one grain is developing.

The fruit of the flavory is the Kostyanka, which is located in a leaf bell wrapper - plus (saucer).

Leschina gives fruit mainly cylindrical shape, but there are fruit round-oval and flattened-ovoid.

As the shell ripens, the nut acquires an increasingly more intensive brown color; Walnut is separated from a fit and falls out of plid (saucers).

The forest walnut grows in the forests (oak, mixed and other types) as underbris and often on the edges.

Ordinary Forest Hut is known on the Dnieper called the Lishchin, "Lushina".

Usually, the album is an undergrowth, grown together with an oak, a hub and other species of trees. In the North Caucasus, in the Transcaucasia, the leschie in the form of an undergrowth grows often together with Kizyl and other plants.

The forest walnut is spread over the slopes of the North, North-Western, can enter the mountainous areas and grow in low places, but does not tolerate flooding with weighing waters.

Forest prefers southern slopes and sufficient lighting.

During growing, the wood is often very thickened, which dramatically reduces its fruiting.

The seeds of the seeds, root siblings, with grooves (gives an abundant stall after the fragment).

The tree grows on various soils, but prefers the black earthly fertile soils of moderate humidity; Successfully it grows on loams and on the sugas, but not on the sandy poor and not on the wetlands, it starts fruit on the 4-5th year and later, but the most abundant fruiting reaches 12-15 years. For the deadlines of fruits, soil-climatic conditions of districts and a variety of nuts are influenced.

Leschina is characterized by good fruiting, especially in lowlands, with abundance sunlight. Under these conditions, for example, in the Caucasus it gives almost annual yields.

In terms of the maturation of the forest walnut (like many other wild-growing fruit and walterous) can be divided into two extreme groups - early and late. Maturation is stretched from August to October-November.

The forest walnut lives to 70-80 years. Its yield from 0.5 to 2.5 tons with 1 hectare.

Wildlife served as an initial material for eliminating cultural varietieshaving an industrial value.

Wild-growing supper walnut is very widespread in the USSR. It grows in the European part of the USSR, the North Caucasus, Ukraine, in the central Western regions of the RSFSR, Baltic States - Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Transcaucasia and in many other areas.

Forest nuts are of particular interest North Caucasus and the Transcaucasus, where the largest and most complete varieties are presented.

In the RSFSR, the supremacy is found on average Volga region, Crimea, Lower Volga region, Moscow and Leningrad regions, in Bashkiria, Chuvash Republic, Tatar Republic and in many other areas.

In addition to the ordinary hazor, a numerous group of nuts relating to other species grows in the USSR.

Bear Nut (C. Colurna L.). A wild nut is very closely related to the wilder bearings, which is distributed in the Far East, in the Caucasus, in Transcaucasia, in Western Georgia, in Dagestan, in the North Caucasus. Bear Walnut - a tree with a height of 20-36 m, a straight line, covered with light bore; Crown pyramidal. Blossoms of bearish walnut in March-April. Fruit from the end of August - early October. The percentage of fat in the fruits of bearish nuts is greater than in the forest. Nut seed (kernel) is very tasty. In size, the fruits of bearish walnut are somewhat less than the fruit of the rally, they have a very solid shell and a rutter runs along the surface.

During the ripening, the fruits quickly appear from the tree.

The bearish walnut gives a very valuable, beautiful, layered, solid wood, which has great demand in the turning and joinery, coming to develop expensive furniture and various household items.

Laundry, Noodle Manchur (Spiny) (S. MANSHURICA). Wildly growing in the Far East along the edges, rogs, in mixed and coniferous forests as underols. This is a multi-branchy shrub up to 3-3.5 m of height; The fruits are assembled several pieces (3-4), a pointed form, with a thinner shell than bearish walnut. Ripening fruits in September.

The workpiece of the manchursky nutrition is carried out by F Extremely limited amounts due to the fact that the fruits have a barbed wrap, which makes the fruit (harvesting in mittens).

Oshness volatile (S. HETEROPHYLL) Wildly grows in the Far East and Eastern Siberia.. This shrub is up to 2-2.8 m heights, the young branches are pubescent; The leaves are widespread, along the edges with shallow blades; Plush is much longer nut. The fruits are almost rounded, the spherical shape, on top of the flashed, sometimes angular shape, are together for several pieces, the silver tape, thick, solid, pubescent.

Taste quality satisfactory.

Oreshnik Varoliste grows in the edges of the forest, on the slopes, sometimes it takes significant, dense arrays.

Oshness Georgian (S. Iberica). Wildlings grow in the North Caucasus, in Abkhazia and in other areas. Tree with a height of up to 25 m and with meaty pubescent plus; Fruits are assembled several pieces; Sharov-clear-flexible shape nuts.

Oshness Kolchidsky (C. Colchiea). Small height shrub, up to 1 m; The branches are young gray, with ovoid, along the edge of the sharply, small leaves; plus silvery, long; Shape of short-sided nuts, up to 14 mm of length and 12 mm in diameter.

Western Transcaucasia grows and other areas grows.

Oshness Pontic (S. Pontica). Western Transcaucasia grows grows. A shape of a walnut is a shape, at the base the fruit is composed, the wrapper of fruits is pubescent.

Oshness Imereti (C. Imeretica). Will grow in Imeretin. Pretty high shrub with round or broad-shaped, large leaves; The plus is long, narrowed over the nut, has long hairs.

The shape of nuts is close to cylindrical or inversely person.

Leschina gives delicious nutritional fruits, with a high content of fat and protein substances.

The form differences the fruits are oblong, conical, rounded-ball, angular, etc. Unriserable nuts sitting in Plus, first have a white color; Mature fruits painted in aumber, brown or lipstly color. The most common drowned coloring. Forest shell smooth or with slaves.

In the Caucasus, some varieties of flaws give major fruits, the weight of ten forest nuts is 17.9-21.2.

In the period of full maturity, when the maximum number has accumulated in fruits (nuts) nutrients And the core of the kernel occurred, they should be proceeded to their workpiece.

Nuts, prepared before the onset of full maturity, contain a significantly smaller amount of fats, proteins, have a soft core, which is wrinkled hereinafter; Such nuts do not withstand long-term storage time and are easily subjected to damage.

The most valuable part of the flavless fruit is fat oilthat is transparent liquid Yellow color, pleasant taste with the aroma of strag.

The ohm ohm ohm ohm oil is perfectly absorbed by the human body and thanks to this can find versatile use in the food industry. Forest oil is used in the perfumery industry, soap-made production and production oil colors For painting.

According to the study of K. P. Kardashev, fatty butter (forest nuts from the Vladimirsky district) has the following indicators: specific gravity (at 15 °) 09165; refraction (at 25 °) 63.3; acid number 0.18; The number of wake-up 189.0; Etheric number 188.82; Iodine number 82.45.

Waste obtained when extracting oil kernel can be used in the confectionery industry.

In the southern regions of the country in the kernel of nuts, over 72% of fat (oily oil) accumulates. In more northern areas, the formation of oily oil in the fruits of the flavor flows by a more slow-down pace and the fat content in nuts is usually less.

In the nuts of the flavory contains over 19-20% of protein substances. Nitrogenous substances of forest nuts are presented mainly by proteins (globulin).

From carbohydrates to the composition of forest nuts includes fiber (cellulose); The kernel sometimes contains a small amount of starch and sugar (sucrose), the content of which reaches 2-5.2%. In the kernel of the shelter, iron is contained (in 100 g of nuts 4.3 mg, and in yellow skin 12.7 mg), calcium and other elements. Forest nuts include vitamins (B 1 0.37-0.90 mg%); Ordinary leaves contain 200 mg% vitamin C; Carotine (Provitamin A) is also included in the flavor fruit.

Tubils are contained in separate parts of the flake plant; So, in the plus fruit, their content is 15%, in the leaves of 8-10%, in the Kore of 7%.

Leaves and coarse bark contain oily oil. There are also coloring substances (yellow), so it is used in a leather painting.

Below is given chemical composition The core of the forest walnut in the main indicators.

Chemical composition of the core of forest nuts (in%)

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