It is difficult to imagine the life of the person of the current century without such familiar things as lanterns, the remotes from the TV, radio, alarms and other no less important items, the "vital activity" of which provide batteries. In other words, things that do not require compulsory inclusion in the network for ordinary performance, they receive power from the batteries.

The work of the product is its design, which consists of a metal housing, inside which is a tank with an electrolyte. It gives the continuous movement of electrons and ions from one electrode to another - this is formed. For a certain period of time, the electrolyte, which is in the battery loses the ability to produce the necessary current, as a result of which it speaks in the people, "sits".

Products that belong to the AA standard have the following dimensions: diameter within 13 - 15 mm and length 60 mm. In everyday life, they are called "finger". This type of electroplating nutrition elements is incredibly distributed worldwide. Their release began at the beginning of the past century - in 1907.

This type of batteries has a clear cylindrical shape, the housing of which is made of high-strength metal and has a protective insulated shell. Conclusions are located with the end sides of the battery. The diameter of the first - 5 mm, but the height is about 1 mm. The next is completely even and flat, and also includes a contact pad with a stunning diameter of 8 mm. Weight can fluctuate in the widest limits. They are salt and alkaline.

Salt (near 14 - 18 g) It is much easier than alkaline ( 22 - 24 g). Among other things, the type of electrolyte affects the total capacity of the battery. An indicator for alkaline - approximately 2900 mAh., almost as much as in nickel-metal hydride batteries (3000 mAh). Salt elements have a normal container - 1500 mAh..

Salt are the cheapest and available optionBut alkaline have an average cost, and also perfectly suitable for use with incredibly low temperatures. When discharge, retain the lowest value of complete resistance. They are widely prompted and manufactured in all countries.

AA batteries are the most better view Elements that are wonderfully suitable for devices and devices with uniform energy consumption (children's toys, lanterns). They will also be able to work wonderfully in the instruments with impulse energy consumption.

This type of battery has the following dimensions: Length 44.6 mmand diameter within 10.5 mm. Weight fluctuates in the figure 12 g. They are called "Misinchikov" in the surprise. The voltage of this power supply is 1.5 V. The batteries are identical to their format - 1.25 V. The utility resource of the salt battery reaches about 540 mAh. Capacity of productive alkaline - 1200 mAh, nickel-metal hydride batteries - 1250 mAh..

This type of electroplating batteries is usually used in all sorts of electronic devices of minor size, which consume a small current, for example, in the remote control of the TV, portable digital audio players, portable radio receivers, cameras, and all possible wireless devices.

AAA batteries will be able to show their abilities in impulsive load devices (digital cameras).

What is common at AA and AAA batteries?

Among general damn these two types of battery types are what they have absolutely identical tensionThis is about 1 V. In addition, the same types of electrolytes are used for their design.

Both types of batteries have a wonderful price / quality / time / time ratio, as well as confident long productive work in suitable types of devices.

Distinctive features of AA and AAA batteries?

First of all, it is difficult not to notice external differences, especially in the amount. AAs are exceeded in volumes, unlike miniature AAA. What aa is more, speaks of their higher capacitance. Finger batteries are more common everywhere, rather than mizinechik. Each type of batteries is designed for certain devices. The finger battery can freely feed the same device much more than a long-term, rather than a miniature misminist, unless of course, the design of the power supply compartment of the electronic device allows that it is possible quite rarely.

Types of batteries, their size and forms are completely different, so sometimes, hitting the store, the person simply does not know what he needs. Without batteries difficult to imagine modern life. They are in all around us household appliances: hours, laptops, lanterns, electronics for photos, children's toys and consoles.

All batteries are labeled and differ in capacity, cost and appearance. When buying, you need to pay attention to a lot so as not to purchase a poor-quality battery. After all, such an element will serve a very short time, and in some cases it can disrupt the functionality of the device. We learn what batteries are, and we will also figure it out in their features and characteristics.

These batteries have their own development history. The battery as a galvanic element has become popular in the 1920s. But her inventor is considered to be George Belalast - it was he who in 1867 created a prototype of the batter known to us. Of course, at that time the battery had a completely different look.

Eveready has become massively producing them for consumers. First, the firm's firm was the owners of the radio receivers, but soon the novelty was assessed by workers mines, enterprises, navigators.

In 1920, a well-known Duracell company appeared on the market and began to produce various nutrition elements that were specially popular. They became more compact, light and most importantly cheap. They consisted of a graphite rod, manganese oxide and a zinc cup. The principle of operation was based on the occurrence of an electric impulse.

Manganese-zinc batteries due to the presence of a graphite rod were sometimes called coal-zinc. In the entire history of existence, such batteries have been improved, many changes and innovations have undergone. At the moment they can be found in any store. And others came to replace the coal batteries, as written below.

Views

There is a different classification of batteries: depending on the type of output voltage, size, composition. Buyer can buy all the varieties of batteries.

We will analyze the classification, based on the materials, which are included in their composition (anode, cathode, electrolyte).

They are easy to distinguish at the price, because they are the cheapest. On the market are represented by Dusell, Sony, "Tosyba" firms. Are improved manganese-zinc batteries. It is advisable to apply in devices with low voltage consumption: clock, scales, consoles.

Quickly discharge, they cannot be charged back. With long-term operation, the galvanic element may leak. At minus temperatures, salt batteries cease to work. Despite many disadvantages, this product is in demand in the market.

Alkaline, or alkaline

How to choose a battery

IN modern diversity Types of batteries and their names can be lost. All of them have a different cost, which depends on the brand, accumulator composition, its type and power of the output.

When buying, pay attention to such details:

1. Type of battery element. If you need a battery for the clock, it is possible to do with cheap saline. But if you do not want to change it every six months, then take alkaline. In powerful devices, purchase lithium batteries.
2. Shelf life. All batteries are prone to a self-disconnection, only salting it is very noticeable, and in other species - no. In any case, if you buy a battery with a fresh manufacturer, then it will last longer.
3. Voltage you need. Disk galvanic elements are capable of issuing from 1.5 to 3 V. This is sufficient for the smooth operation of the wrist watch or a small pocket flashlight. Fingers are capable of creating voltage 4-6 V.
4. Manufacturer company. Sometimes it is better to pay for a brand than to repair the device due to a drowned battery. In addition, many companies are guaranteed on their products. In this case, do not throw off the check with the date and packaging.

On some nutritional elements is a "rechargable" mark: it means that they can be recharged by.

Many manufacturers of equipment specifically write, which battery brands are suitable for the device. In this case, take the instruction with you and feel free to get the batter you need.

Thanks modern technologiesThe need for wires are becoming less and less. To make the device, the AAA type batteries are used. They are also called "Misinchikov" because of a small size. They are in every home and provide uninterrupted functioning of a computer mouse, shaving machine.

AAA type batteries

Manufacturers produce batteries having such characteristics:

• 44.6 mm long;
• diameter -10.5 mm;
• weight is 12 g;
• battery voltage - 1.5 V;
• the format of the batteries that correspond to them - 1.25 V;
• the capacity of nutrition elements depends on their type. The saline it is equal to 540 mAh, alkaline - 1200 mAh, nickel-metal hydride - up to 1250 mAh.

AAA batteries - what better?

Users, thinking about acquisition, wonder: AAA batteries - what better? When buying you need to explore characteristics Each type:

1. Salt- Designed for low load, the letter L in marking is marked. Common devices to which they are suitable - watches, electronic thermometers, remote consoles. Elements of this type of low price is the lowest, but also less durable.
2. Alkaline - are medium price and service life. In this case, the electrolyte is potassium hydroxide, which is why the chemical reaction proceeds faster, therefore the current return is better. They are purchased for audio players, PDAs and radio receivers. An identification mark is the word "Alkaline".
3. - put in first place. They are more durable and have less resistance. They are acquired for toys, just burning a large number of Electricity.

When the device is used daily and long, that is, it makes sense to apply AAA batteries. Their attractiveness is explained by the fact that using the charger can be recharged several times. Multiple types are available:

• some poorly carry recharge;
• others are sharply reacting to the temperature during use;
• thirds are not recommended to charge if complete discharge has not occurred.

The choice is made on the basis of the type of device, the terms of use, the value is given to the brand and the expiration date.

AA and AAA batteries - the difference

It is not easy to figure out a huge assortment. First of all, the AA and AAA batteries are studying - the difference that lies in the amount. Elements of AA are significantly superior to AAA in dimensions. With almost the same voltage, they have a greater container. In this case, their composition includes the same electrolyte.

Those familiar with the elements of nutrition from the user's position may be the uncommon, which means AAA on the battery. In this way, its size is indicated. In addition to this labeling, there is a second one that can also be found is the designation R03, which also confirms that it relates to the Misinchik.

After studying all the necessary characteristics, you can make your choice with regard to the features of a certain type of battery. To do this, you need to decide for what device it is planned to be applied.

What are the types of batteries? For what purposes it is worth buying expensive lithium models, and for what - inexpensive alkaline? We will tell you about all this in our guide buyer.

As a rule, we use the two most popular formats of batteries: "finger" (type AA) and "Mizinchiki" (AAA). Depending on the chemical composition, 3 types of batteries are distinguished: salt, alkaline and lithium.

• Salt batteries are the cheapest and easiest cape elements. Due to the high speed of self-discharge, they serve four times less alkaline. Such batteries are almost not used.
• Alkaline (alkaline) batteries. Alkaline batteries have more high Capacity Nutrition, and the range of resolved temperatures varies from -30 to +55 ° C. We recommend using alkaline batteries for devices with moderate energy consumption, they are suitable for hours, electric rates, lanterns, players, photo posts. In the "Mizinchiki" test, alkaline batteries were more efficient than lithium, so Duracell Turbo Max AAA turned out to be better than Energizer. Read more in reviews.
• Lithium batteries. Lithium-lithium batteries are considered the most modern batteries. Their price is higher alkaline, but they work much longer. For example, in our finger tests, the batteries of Varta Professional Lithium Aa and Energizer Ultimate Lithium Aa are one of the best. In this case, the maximum temperature of their use reaches +65 ° C. Buying these batteries is justified for devices with moderate and intensive energy consumption, such as photo and video equipment, energy-intensive children's toys, especially powerful lights.

What to pay attention to the purchase?

Before buying the batteries, carefully examine the packaging - its poor-quality execution or incorrectly written product name may indicate a fake.

Do not buy products, the shelf life of which comes to an end. As a rule, the newer the battery, the greater the energy in it. Old or poor-quality battery can flow and spoil the device in which it is used.

Nowadays, the batteries are the most common power sources for electronics and small equipment. The need for their replacement occurs quite often. In order to make optimal choice When buying a new galvanic element, you should pay attention not only to the size of the batteries and the name of the manufacturer. This article will have answers to the following questions: What form are these power sources? What happens in size? How are electroplated elements marked and what you need to pay attention to when buying so that the power supply will serve for a long time?

Types of batarekes

The classification of the batteries is carried out depending on the materials from which their active components are manufactured: anode, cathode and electrolyte.

There are five types of modern power supplies:

• salt
• alkaline
• mercury
• silver
• lithium.

Types of batteries in size will be listed below. And now we consider in detail each of the indicated classes of electroplating elements.

Salt batteries

Salt batteries were created in the second half of the twentieth century. They replaced the previously manganese-zinc power sources that existed earlier. The size of the batteries have not changed, but the technology of manufacturing these galvanic elements has become different. In salt sources, a solution of ammonium chloride is used as an electrolyte. It contains electrodes made from zinc and manganese oxide. The connection between individual electrolytes is carried out using a salt bridge.

The main advantage of such batteries is their low cost. These electroplating elements are the cheapest among all existing.

Disadvantages of salt batteries:

• during the discharge period, the voltage is significantly reduced;
• the shelf life is small and is only 2 years;
• by the end of the guaranteed storage period, the capacity is reduced by 30-40 percent;
• at low temperature, the container decreases almost to zero.

Alkaline batteries

Such batteries were invented in 1964. Another name of these power sources - alkalaine (from english word. Alkaline, that in translation means "alkaline").

Electrodes of such batteries are made of zinc and manganese dioxide. Potassium hydroxide is spoken as an electrolyte.

To date, these batteries are the most common, because they are great suitable for most electronic devices.

Advantages of alkaine power supplies:

• have a greater tank in comparison with the saline and, as a result, longer service life;
• can operate at low ambient temperature;
• have improved hermetic, that is, the probability of leakage is reduced;
• have a longer storage period that is 5 years;
• they have a reduced self-discharge rate compared to salt batteries.

Disadvantages of alkaline power sources:

• the discharge period is characterized by a gradual decrease in the output voltage;
• the dimensions of alkailain batteries are similar to the parameters of salt, but the cost and mass of alkaline power sources above.

Mercury batteries

In such a battery, an anode is made of zinc, a cathode - from mercury oxide. Electrodes are separated using a separator and a diaphragm, which is impregnated with a 40% potassium hydroxide solution. Click here is used as electrolyte. Due to this composition, this power source can work as a battery. But during cyclical operation, the galvanic element degrades, its capacity is reduced.

The advantages of mercury batteries:

• stable voltage;
• high capacity capacity and energy density;
• the ability to work both at high and low ambient temperature;
• long shelf life, which is 10 years.

Disadvantages of mercury power sources:

• high price;
• the possibility of dangerous effects of mercury vapor in case of depressurization;
• the need to establish a collection and disposal process.

Silver batteries

In the silver battery for the production of the anode, zinc is used for the cathode - silver oxide. The electrolyte is sodium or potassium hydroxide.

• voltage stability;
• the presence of high capacity and energy density;
• immunity to ambient temperature;
• long service life and storage.

The disadvantage of such batteries is their high cost.

Lithium batteries

In such a battery, the cathode is made of lithium. It is separated from the anode using the separator and the diaphragm, which is impregnated with an organic electrolyte.

Advantages of lithium batteries:

• constant pressure;
• high capacity and energy density;
• the independence of energy consumers from the load current;
• small mass;
• long shelf life, which is up to 12 years;
• immunity to temperature drops.

The disadvantages of lithium batteries can be attributed only to their high cost.

As indicated above, power sources have different chemical composition. Also significantly differ from each other's shapes and the size of the batteries. Galvanic elements have different heights, diameter and voltage. Consider the classification of batteries in accordance with these parameters.

Depending on the voltage, height, diameter and shape, power sources can be systematized in a definitely. One of the most popular classification systems is American. It is presented in the figure below. Such standardization is conveniently used in many countries.

According to the American system, power sources are classified as follows:

In addition to the class specified in the table, the power supplies have a source of use, which is used in the people. For example, the size is comparable to the size of the human finger, therefore the "folk" name of this galvanic element is the "finger" battery, or "two a". But the power source C is referred to as a "dehydrated". The galvanic element D is called "barrel". And the dimensions of which are similar to the parameters of the smallest finger of a person, not in vain is called "Misinchikova", or "Three A". The source was called "Crown".

Also in electronics, miniature round batteries, the sizes and names of which differ varieties are widely used. For more information on silvery "pills" and the classification of such power sources is shown below.

Batteries "Tablets": Sizes and titles

Another name is a miniature round battery - a dry item. Such power supplies consist of an anode made of silver oxide, zinc cathode and electrolyte. As the latter there is a mixture of salts, which has a pasty consistency.

Different manufacturers are often assigned to such sources of the designation that differ from the standard. Below is a classification table, which indicates the alternative names and the size of watch batteries.

It is these miniature silver "tablets" forcing the mechanisms of modern watches. When it comes to replace the battery, you can encounter a question, what source of the power supply in this situation? For example, if an element 399 was used in the clock, it is possible to put a miniature battery instead, which, depending on the manufacturer, may have the names V399, D399, LR57, LR57SW, LR927, LR927SW or L927E. Under such names will be produced by a "tablet", the height of which is 2.6 millimeters, and the diameter is 9.5.

Batteries size is not the only parameter to pay attention to when buying power sources. In order to learn how to decipher the information that is located on electroplating elements, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic principles of their marking.

Battery marking

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) created a specific system of designations, according to which all batteries should be labeled. On the power supply housing, information on its energy intensity, composition, size, class and voltage value should be indicated. On the example of the battery depicted below, consider in more detail all the marking items.

The information specified on the power supply indicates the following:

• the electrical charge of the galvanic element is 15 a * h;
• power supply class - AA, that is, it is a "finger" battery;
• the voltage is 1.5 volts.

And what does the inscription "LR6" mean? This is, in fact, there is a marking that provides information on the chemical composition and class of power supply. Types of batteries have the following letter notation:

• salt - R;
• alkaline - LR;
• silver - SR;
• lithium - CR.

Battery classes are indicated by such numbers:

• D - 20;
• C - 14;
• AA - 6;
• AAA - 03;
• PP3 - 6/22.

Now you can decipher LR6 marking on the shown figure. The letters here indicate that it is an alkaline galvanic element, and the number indicates the size of the "finger" battery, that is, indicates the storage of the power supply to the AA class.

Scope of application and features of the choice of batteries

First of all, it should be noted that all galvanic elements meet the requirements of unification, that is, the consumer without problems can replace the power supply of one manufacturer with a similar battery of the other. There is only one caution: do not use the current sources made in one device various firms or the more related to different types. This will significantly reduce battery life.

When choosing power sources, you need to pay attention to the package. Often the manufacturer indicates the devices in which these batteries are recommended. If such information is not provided, the tips placed below will help make the right choice.

Salt batteries have a small capacity of 0.6-0.8 a * h and are used in devices with low power consumption. It can be remote control, electronic thermometers, testers, outdoor scales or kitchen. Also, salt elements can be used as the dimensions of such sources of current are similar to the corresponding alkaine parameters, however, their applications differ significantly. After all, if you use salt batteries in devices with an electric motor, flashlights or cameras, then their service life can be only 20-30 minutes. Such galvanic elements are not designed for heavy loads.

Alkaline batteries have a rather large capacity of 1.5-3.2 A * h. This allows you to successfully use them in devices that have increased power consumption. Such devices include digital cameras with flash, lanterns, children's toys, office phones, computer mice, etc. Batteries, designed specifically for cameras, give energy faster. This is positively reflected at the speed of the cameras. If you use an alkalaine power source in devices with low power consumption, then the batteries will show a great result, their service life will be several years.

Twenty - thirty years ago, mercury batteries were widely used in devices such as pacemakers, hearing aids, military adaptations. To date, the use of these power sources is limited. In many countries, it is forbidden to produce and operate such galvanic elements due to the fact that mercury is a toxic substance. In the case of using these current sources, it is necessary to organize their separate collection and disposal according to safety requirements.

Silver batteries did not receive mass distribution due to the high cost of metal. However, miniature power sources of this species are widely used in wrist hours, motherboards of laptops and computers, hearing aids, music cards, keyfobs and other devices where it is impossible to use larger batteries.

Lithium batteries have a longer service life in comparison even with the best alkalaine. Therefore, such power supplies are used in devices that have high power consumption. It can be a computer and photographic equipment, medical equipment.

Conclusion

The battery is a product that, despite its small sizes, can be dangerous. You can not disassemble the power supply, throw it into the fire and, of course, try to recharge. Online you can find advice on how to give a battery the second life. Do not try to conduct such experiments, because it can be dangerous.

When buying new batteries, you should pay attention not only to the manufacturer and suitable dimensions, but also on the chemical composition of power sources. To do this, you need to be able to read the marking. Properly selected batteries will serve for a long time and qualitatively.