Real species of plants and animals. Relic Trees in Landscape Design

16.05.2019 Answers to gardeners

Editor Plants and trees 3264

Many contemporaries do not even imagine that the relict trees that exist now are the surviving "dinosaurs" of flora in our epoch. Realities are called the few people who have surrendered to our days, which were distributed in very ancient times. All familiar chestnis, some species coniferous rocks, Dwarf Berez, Rhododendron, Samshat are echoes for long days.

Ginkgo Two Biloba (Ginkgo Biloba)

"Silver fruit" or "Silver apricot" - the name of this is unusually translated interesting view Coniferous relics, the history of the genus of which begins with a triad period. The crown of this deciduous tree, reaching a height of 30 meters, is more similar to the crown of pear garden than with coniferous fellows. In the fall yellow - golden foliage, thickly diluted with a set of rounded fruits (seeds), especially attractive. True, the smell of the tender pulp of these "fruits" leaves much to be desired.

Fruit this dwelling plant begins to 25-30 years. Before that, the floor of the tree is simply impossible to determine. Women's individual can independently form seeds, and men - no. The way out of this position is simple - from any representative of this family, you can make a hay copy, having vaccinated the cuttings of the opposite sex. The life expectancy of gingko two-sighted over 2,000 years. The method of reproduction is seeds and cuttings.

In Eastern countries, leaves and seeds of this tree have been used in medicine and cooking. A soft warm shades of wood is considered an excellent divemic material. Unpretentious plant Also resistant to the effects of the contaminated air industry, is not amenable to viral and fungal diseases. And insects bypass him. Gingko organically fits into the landscape design pricework, garden or park. And for Koreans, the Chinese and the Japanese, this is also a sacred tree, bringing profit and prosperity to the owners.

Tisus Jurassica (Taxus Jurassica)

This inhabitant of the Jurassic 200 million years ago was distributed in the vast territories of the northern hemisphere. But sharp climate change, glacial periods, and subsequently, the needs of humanity were very worked on the reduction of the number of this species. Only rare small groves in the northeast (Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krai, Sakhalin, Japan, Korea, China) remained now. In the Caucasus, you can find another type of this tree - tees berry.

These downtime plants are pollinated mainly with wind. By the end of the summer, female individuals are decorated with ripened seeds framed by the berries with juicy bright red or gently pinkish seams. This long-lived, reaching 3,000-year-olds, grows only 1-1.5 m to thirty years. And he will need 200 years to grow by 12 m. This plant is not afraid of frost, contaminated air and the lack of bright lighting.

Tisa wood is dense, heavy, solid and is not susceptible to rotting, which made it an unsurpassed material for the construction, manufacture of furniture, sculptures, musical instruments and weapons in time immemorial times. However, the bark, wood, needles, shoots and seeds of this relic of very poisonous. Our ancestors in the past century gave the Cups from this tree with their best enemies and impregnated with juice tips of arrows. But modern medicine uses microdoses of this poison for the treatment of certain diseases (helminthiasis, cancer tumors). And landscape designers with ease with the help of curly haircuts create interesting compositions and original living hedges.

Pinus Brutia Ten. Subsp. Pityusa)

On the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Crimea, the most ancient representative of the flora of the tertiary era - Pinzundskaya pine (one of the four subspecies of Calabrry pine). This species is so rare that he is given a worthy place on the pages of the Red Book of Russia. Heat-loving beauties with a straight trunk and a pyramidal crown grow on limestone rocks and sand slopes rather quickly and reach 24 meters in height in vivo. Artificially grown plantings are much higher. And 700 meters above sea level they are not obstacled.

Fruit Pitsundskaya Pine starts from 20-25 years. Old trees give the most abundant harvest. This breed is undemanding to the soil, drought resistant and sea \u200b\u200bsalt does not harm her. Due to the large resin content, it was used to be used to cover the ships and various crafts. Today, artificially grown pine is adequately in gardens and parks.

Metasequa Gliptobodoboid (Metasequoia Glyptostroboides)

Live representatives of this truly fossil relic were found in the mountains of Central China only at the beginning of the forties of the last century. Prior to this, the metausexious was considered extinct and only its petrified residues were found in the excavations. The result of a comparative genetic analysis of ancient and living plants has become for Russian scientists who conducted it, surprise. For 55 million years, there were almost no changes or mutations of metaskvay, which proves the extraordinary stability of its genome.

The slender trunk of this tree height in 30-50 meters is surrounded by a narrow cone-shaped crown. The needles forms complex leaves. These relict unique trees belong to deciduous types. And the uniqueness of this relic subspecies is that during the winter period it drops not only bronze-gold housing, but also a decent part of the branches. In our time there are already many nurseries in Europe, America and the southern regions of the CIS countries, growing this light-loving, but the plant-resistant climatic conditions. It is perfect for landscaping reservoirs, alleys, household plots.

Velvichia Amazing (Welwitschia Mirabilis)

This vegetable relic miracle of arid deserts was not so called in vain. On peculiar appearance It is difficult to understand what it is - a tree, bush, grass or someone's violent fantasy. An adult dwarf tree (up to 50 cm high) is covered with a violence of huge leaves (up to 2 m wide), cut into long ribbons that absorb moisture from the atmosphere or seaside fogs.

Venevichia is growing extremely slow, but it can live to 2,000 years old. It does not tolerate freezing, needs well-drained soil, dry climates, direct solar lighting and daily temperature from 10 to 23 degrees Celsius. Grow it as an exceptionally original room or greenhouse plant.

Juniperus Communis

This genus of coniferous evergreen relics consists of more than six dozen subspecies of the stabes, shrubs and trees, which are still common in mountainous areas of almost the entire planet quite widely. Drought-resistant, loving bright lighting, a frost-resistant plant with powerful roots can produce food and water from the poor soil minerals. Trees living a few hundred years grow up to 5-15 meters.

Juniper has unsurpassed bactericidal and therapeutic properties. The evaporation of phytoncides from the small grove of these plants is able to displaced the atmosphere of any metropolis. In medicine use all its parts. Yes, and cooks rated the specific taste and smell of fruits and needles of juniper. And crafts from branches and wood retain their fragrance over the centuries.

Relic plants are live fossils. They reached us from ancient epoch without significant changes over the past millions of years and carry the features of those plants of the Mesozoic era, which a person has long found in the layers of land and geological rocks in the form of fossils or prints.

The most ancient plants

The most ancient plants include blue-green algae, traces of which are found in sediments whose age is 3 billion years old. Blue-green algae - primitive useful organisms, they grow in our time in salt and fresh waters, in wet places between rocks and even in hot springs. After all, they withstand temperatures up to + 85ºС.
More than 300 million years ago, the planet was covered with huge forest thickets, which consisted of ferns, horsages and huge plane-shaped plants. All major representatives of the flora as a result of climate change have now become coal reservoirs in the depths of the Earth. Real assets gradually learned to adapt to changes. They were able to live to our times.

Examples of relict plants

We give a little wide famous plantswhich grew up 200 million years ago:

root system

flower plant

Realities from America

In northern I. South America Some wooded rocks and relict plants also grow, which have come down from the tertiary period:

Taxodium - a summer-eleged leaf fall tree, widespread 20 million years ago. This is confirmed by fossil leaves in the deposits of brown coal, the source of the formation of which they and began with time. Wood-long-lived: one copy in the vicinity of Mexico is 5 thousand years old, it is called a giant from Tula. Their long-term is an explanation in the sustainability of the tree to rotting and good resistance to pests developed in millions of years. The trunk has cracks, ribbed, skews up. One of the types of taxodiuama is a swamp cypress, which can grow in water, as it has pneumatophores (adverse grown).

conifer tree

Ancient healing tree

Ginkgo Two-handed - a gone plant, a relict tree up to 40 m height with fan-like leaves. Grows in forests in the limited territory of Eastern China.
Ginkgo Biloba is translated from Latin as "Silver Apricot". The tree has a powerful trunk with coarse crust, turning into an empty crown. The leaves of this relic is amazing: gently green with wavy edges, divided into 2 blades, are located on thin stiffs. The plant is also a unique long-lived: some trees growing in Japan and China are about 4 thousand years old.

A Dutch scientist E. Kempfer was brought to Europe and the fruits of this tree in the XVIII century. The tree turned out to be cold-resistant and undemanding to soil, resistant to disease, due to which widespread distribution in Europe and America. He was planted in parks and squares.
More ancient Chinese manuscripts dated 3000 BC. e., describe it unique medical properties. In Eastern medicine, it was treated with lung diseases, liver, wounds and burns, were healing, used as a means for longevity.
Therapeutic properties have its leaves containing many biologically active substances that are now used everywhere in modern medicine To improve blood supply and stimulation of memory, treatment of migraine and dizziness, hemorrhoid, male impotence, etc.

Fern: Interesting Facts

Ferns are ancient relict plants that appeared 350 million years ago, during dinosaurs. There are 10 thousand species. They are interesting because they are multiplied by seeds, but by disputes, so never bloom. The fern is widespread over all continents of the world, it grows in the forests (bottom and upper tier) and on the trunks of trees, on the swamps, in the rocks, in water (rivers and lakes), etc.

On the territory of Russia, one of the types of ferns are growing - a female jacket, which can vary greatly in size and shaped leaves.
A man's fern is also growing in the forest, which refers to the genus of the panels. It is with him that the ancient Slavic rites and beliefs, according to which you need to look for a mythical flower of fern. If you find it, he will open all the secrets all secrets, give the gift of clairvoyance and power over the otherworldly forces. According to Slavic, he blooms, he blooms once a year on the eve of the holiday of Ivan Kupala (July 7).
The female jockey also has its meaning: for a long time, it is considered a reliable witch root, with which you can impose a curse on a person.

Realities of Russia

Ancient types of plants, preserved from the tertiary period (2-65 million years ago):

decorative shrub

artistic products

The relict plants of Russia are very warm-loving, therefore, they remained in such places, where the climate has remained almost invariably warm. In the more northern regions of Russia, the growth of the tertiary period died during the onset of the glacial period and other changes in the climate.

Realities of Primorye

The nature of the Primorsky Territory was underway under the influence of large climatic changes and intimacy of the ocean and there are such preserved relict plants:

treatment plant

real estate

Tis Poznokonea is the ancestor of Tis, which produced in the Jurassic period of dinosaurs in the Jurassic period, is growing in Primorye and Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin.Rhododendron Shlippenbach and Lotus Komarov - plants of the Red Book of Russia and Primorye.

Realities of the Caucasus and the Black Sea coast

The Caucasus Mountains in the Ice Age turned out to be a natural barrier, which prevented cold to penetrate the Black Sea coast.
Relic plants of the Krasnodar Territory are preserved due to the uniqueness of the climate of this region and contrary economic activity A person who gradually displaces forest land and uses them for their needs. These plants include:

Sugit Evergreen - the most slow shrub (1 mm per year), lives up to 500 years, is represented as in the form of a tree and shrub. It is often used when landscaping parks in cities and garden sites, where with the help of shrubs of the Samsite create various green figures. Gossip is high - evergreen coniferous tree with a crown in the form of a cone, living up to 600 years. Height - up to 12-16 meters. Preserved only on the Black Sea coast, between Anapa and Gelendzhik. It is multiplied with the help of seeds that are spreading birds, drought-resistant and can grow on rocky or limestone slopes of mountains, in rafts, refers to decorative and ether solid plants.Juniper High, Samshat and Tis - Plants of the Red Book of Russia and the Krasnodar Territory.

Tis berry - evergreen coniferous tree, which appeared many million years ago. Its advantages are the absence of resin in the wood and dark red, because of which it takes great popularity in the manufacture of valuable furniture. Also has bactericidal properties. One of the long-lived trees (the maximum age is 1500 years old). It grows in the Caucasus, near Anapa and Novorossiysk, and then spread east to the Caspian Sea. Pitsundskaya Pine is one of the subspecies of the Calabrian pine, the relict tree of the tertiary period of the Black Sea coast, is listed in the Red Book of Russia. It is disposed of soil and humidity, rather rapidly growing. It has a light green soft cheeom-length up to 15 cm, in the mountains reaches a height of 400 m. The main range is located near Gelendzhik, as well as Tuapse, Anapa, Dagomys, etc.

Conclusion

After reading this cognitive article, all schoolchildren and adults now know which plants are called relic, because here are the most popular and interesting of them, which have come down to us through many millions of years of the existence of the planet Earth.

Relict

In the lists of rare and endangered plants and animals included in the "Red Book of the Russian Federation", there are many relic species. Some of them are represented in the territory of the Samara region.

Realistic species - "Remains" of flora and fauna of past geological epochs, preserved on some territory, despite the changed conditions of the physico-geographical environment. Relic plants and animals managed to adapt to new conditions of existence. Nevertheless, relics are in a certain contradiction with a modern natural environment. The scientific value of relics is that they serve as carriers of information about the natural situation of the previous epochs.

Plants - Realities.

1. Pliocene Realities - Cracking Globular, Juniper Cossack, Tatar Corruption, Three-Blade, Schiverkia Podolskaya, Forestry, Gerana Robert.

2. Real assets of the Ice Era Botany are called Tolkarani ordinary, diplation Siberian, Halfup Linneya, Altai's anemone, oak ordinary.

Relict animals

Real insects:

1. Beetle - deer.

2. Bee - a carpenter purple and a bee - a carpenter is a curve.

3. Usachi Alpine and Usachi big oak.

4. Khrushch marble, living in the Juicy and Zhigule Mountains, and Khrushche White, living on the sandy banks of the rivers, where pines are growing there, as they feed on their roots.

5. Podkaya Steppe, living in places with limestone output and latching cubes in carbonate rocks.

Mammals - Realities:

1. Dummy Russian. It dwells in the flood-old lakes-Styrich, Erika, stalls, racs, as well as in rivers with a quiet flow and rich coastal and water vegetation.

2. All insectivores (Pleistáze). This is an Eastern European and Eared Eashes, European Mole (Molefather's Family) and Easy and Small Breakers, an ordinary Kotor (Earthowing Family).

3. Hares (in the interledsthenbye): the hare - the Belyak dwells in the forest, and the hare - Rusak dwells through forest edges and fields.

4. Moose - typically forest animals, but prefer the floodplains of rivers and outskirts of lakes, edges of mixed forests, their resumption of deforestation and gararis. The boars prefer forests, intermitted by glades, meadows, as well as the floodplains of rivers and shrub thickets on their shores. Wolves.

Zoological monuments

The most rarely encountered or disappearing vertebrate animals are related to zoological monuments. Due to the wide deposit of the territory of our region, cutting down forests, cropping and pollution of water bodies, a large anthropogenic load in separate regions, the animal world of the region is experiencing a very large press, so this section of the book is represented by a small number of species.

Flush edges.On the edge of the forest rises a handful of freshly ground earth. Many will say, this is the work of the Crow. But, looking after we discover an interesting picture: All the slides of the earth are located on the chain - one after another. This picture can be observed in 1.8 km north-east of the village of Bakhylova Polyana.

The one who saw the places where moles are found, will be surprised - these animals do not throw out the buried ground. The specialist will tell immediately: this is a work of a blinder, a little animal, at first glance similar to the crotch, but by a completely different squad of rodents. His closest relatives - rats and gophers. The body length of the Blood is 20-26 cm.

The shaggy genus is very ancient. The first relatives of the animal, which makes moves under your legs, appeared on our planet 20 million years ago. The world was then not very similar to modern, was not on earth and man. Mammoth, which is usually called as something very ancient, is a baby compared to the layer.

Usually say: "blind, like mole." But the mole in terms of view can give odds to the blind. He although bad, but still sees. There is no eye on the eye - they threw the skin, only black dots can be detected in their place. But he has a well developed ear, even better - smelling and touching.

Plumus prefers to settle on the slopes of beams and in other low parts of the relief, where the soil is quite fertile and grows a plurality of herbs. The roots of plants the animal and feeds. Floum first cuts the root, and then through the turf tightens in the hole and the above-ground part of the plant. He eats the rhizomes of dandelions, clover, tuber-bulbs of a rig and bulb round bow. For the winter, the peeper makes large reserves. Sometimes there were up to 15 kg of various feeds in Nora.

And in winter, the peel does not stop his underground activity, except that it slows down slightly. A handful of land from the moves of this animal can be found on the thick snow cover. In the spring, the Pleumo begins to lift and lines all summer, until the autumn itself.

Much benefit brings a solving animal. The laying of its moves is breaking and mixes the soil, which through the moves is enriched with oxygen. Unfortunately, because of the almost complete dispensers of modern steppes of the place of convenient habitat, the swarming was very reduced. The total number of it is small. It is impossible to allow this interesting and rare animal to have a poorly studied, disappeared from the face of our planet. As a priority conservation measures, you need to call record and further identifying the habitats of this animal, and then saving them in a natural state. Especially unacceptable in such places the disintegration of land.

You can see an interesting animal animal in the exposition of the regional museum of local history.

Habitating places Slepushonki. To see signs of habitat of this animal can only be the one who is very lucky. If you are in the vicinity of the village of Pine Solonets, which is located on the edge of the extensive forest, in the very center of Samara Luke, then look close to the numerous nonorams of rodents scattered along the forest edge. One, two, three ... five ... ten ... Finally we found what they were looking for, about one of the minks, perhaps, not different from the rest, a bunch of thrown out of the earth, characteristic of the semi-lunged form, are visible. It is in these underground dwellings and a slapuccoon is hidden - a small animal from the rodent squad, having the size of the middle between the gray rat and the ordinary forest mouse. What is noteworthy this animal? It turns out that he belongs to a very ancient family: the gluts lived on the planet more millions of years ago, in Neogenous time, when there was no man nor many modern animals on earth. Therefore, the gluts are alive witnesses of those distant epochs - relics from non -ogenic time.

Although the glutton dwells on the extensive spaces of the steppes of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, the Volga region, North Caucasus, everywhere this animal is extremely rare. The reasons for a sharp reduction in its number are known: it is primarily the disintegration of huge sections of virgin lands, an unlimited grazing of livestock, the use of keriformicates in agriculture. Only in some seats of this region, in particular, the village of Pine Solonets continues to remain separate animal populations.

The glutton can live in very diverse conditions, however, their favorite places of habitat are the edges of birch and aspen rings, stony areas of steppes, virgin deposits, soils with signs of coalion. The latter circumstance can serve as an explanation why the Sinpushonka was preserved on the entire Samara Luke. Sosnovy Solonets was preserved, - here, as you can see from the name, until recently there were straly springs, which is why many sites have become real solon.

Food is powered by underground plants (roots, rhizomes, tubers, bulbs). Her feed - Iris, tulips, bows, gladiolus. In his badges, the animal always stores a small supply of food in case of informins. The holes of the gluttones are long and very difficult to organize - they have a main course (up to 100 m long), side by mink (up to 50 m), as well as many galleries from these moves located at a depth of 10 to 50 cm. On the ground surface The glutton is very rare. It happens in the morning, day and evening.

Zologs need to carefully examine all the surroundings of the village of Sosnovy Solonets and identify specific points where there are shapes. The unique zoological monument of the nature of Samara Luke must be under reliable security.

"Green Book" Volga region: Protected Natural Territories of the Samara Region / Sost. Zakharova.s., Gorelov M.S. - Samara: KN. Publishing House, 1995

The most ancient plants

More than 300 million years ago, the planet was covered with huge forest thickets, which consisted of ferns, horsages and huge plane-shaped plants. All major representatives of the flora as a result of climate change have now become coal reservoirs in the depths of the Earth. Real assets gradually learned to adapt to changes. They were able to live to our times.

Examples of relict plants

We present several well-known plants, which grew up 200 million years ago:

Selaginell Selagoidal - algae growing on the moss swamps of Northern Russia.
Horsetails originated in the coal period and settled almost all the continents of the world, have a stem with nodes and interstices, instead of the leaves they have scales, multiply disputes and roots.
Plans - evergreen herbs, originated in the coal period, reached our time, only changed in size. They have a creeping stem, from which branching grow up, have a root system, multiply disputes and vegetatively (roots, nodule, branches).
Magnolia - archaic flowering plant. The ancient origin of the genus Magnoliyev appeared when the bees had not yet existed, so his flowers were pollinated by beetles. It grows in the south in the cities of Crimea and the Caucasus, where you can find whole streets planted with these beautiful flowering trees.

Realities from America

In North and South America, some woody rocks and relict plants also grow, which have come down from the tertiary period:

Taxodium - a summer-eleged leaf fall tree, widespread 20 million years ago. This is confirmed by fossil leaves in the deposits of brown coal, the source of the formation of which they and began with time. Wood-long-lived: one copy in the vicinity of Mexico is 5 thousand years old, it is called a giant from Tula. Their long-term is an explanation in the sustainability of the tree to rotting and good resistance to pests developed in millions of years. The trunk has cracks, ribbed, skews up. One of the types of taxodiuama is a swamp cypress, which can grow in water, as it has pneumatophores (adverse grown).

Araucaria Chilean is a coniferous tree growing in South American countries (Chile and Argentina), in nature reaches 60 m, the branches are located almost horizontally, the needles are thick and tough, it can be stored for up to 15 years. This is a very hardy ancient plant.

Ancient healing tree

Ginkgo Biloba is translated from Latin as "Silver Apricot". The tree has a powerful trunk with coarse crust, turning into an empty crown. The leaves of this relic is amazing: gently green with wavy edges, divided into 2 blades, are located on thin stiffs. The plant is also a unique long-lived: some trees growing in Japan and China are about 4 thousand years old.

More ancient Chinese manuscripts dated 3000 BC. e., describe its unique healing properties. In Eastern medicine, it was treated with lung diseases, liver, wounds and burns, were healing, used as a means for longevity.

Therapeutic properties have its leaves containing many biologically active substances, which are now widely used in modern medicine to improve blood supply and stimulation, treatment of migraine and dizziness, hemorrhoid, male impotence, etc.

Fern: Interesting Facts

On the territory of Russia, one of the types of ferns are growing - a female jacket, which can vary greatly in size and shaped leaves.

A man's fern is also growing in the forest, which refers to the genus of the panels. It is with him that the ancient Slavic rites and beliefs, according to which you need to look for a mythical flower of fern. If you find it, he will open all the secrets all secrets, give the gift of clairvoyance and power over the otherworldly forces. According to Slavic, he blooms, he blooms once a year on the eve of the holiday of Ivan Kupala (July 7).

The female jockey also has its meaning: for a long time, it is considered a reliable witch root, with which you can impose a curse on a person.

Realities of Russia

Ancient types of plants, preserved from the tertiary period (2-65 million years ago):

Rhododendron Pontic - evergreen decorative shrub height of 1.5 m, which still grows in some areas of Caucasian Primorye. It has a characteristic color of the leaves: green with cream-white edge. Flowers from April to June, pink pink flowers.

The iron tree that forms whole forests in the mountainous regions of Azerbaijan is a relic leaf fall tree having very durable and heavy wood (artwork and machine parts are made of it).
Amur velvet (Amur cork tree) is a very widespread tree in Primorye up to 25 m high, lives up to 300 years. Berries have healing properties.

Realities of Primorye

The nature of the Primorsky Territory was underway under the influence of large climatic changes and intimacy of the ocean and there are such preserved relict plants:

Calopanks tree (white walnut) has a black barrel seated with sharp spikes, for which he got its name "Damn Tree". Its height is up to 30 m, lives up to 150 years, wood is used to make musical instruments, since it has high resonance properties.
Rhododendron is a "pink tree", loving mountain wet slopes, in the spring you can observe an unusually beautiful gentle-pink bedspread, which form blooming rhododendrons.
Rhodiola pink ("Golden root") - an ancient healing plant, for the root of which else ancient Chinese emperors hunted, sending an expedition to Altai.
Lotus Komarova is a beautiful aqueous relict plant of tertiary flora, growing in the south of the Far East of Russia, the most colder from the lotus family.

Tis Poznokonea is the ancestor of Tis, which produced in the Jurassic period of dinosaurs in the Jurassic period, is growing in Primorye and Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin.

Rhododendron Shlippenbach and Lotus Komarov - plants of the Red Book of Russia and Primorye.

Realities of the Caucasus and the Black Sea coast

The Caucasus Mountains in the Ice Age turned out to be a natural barrier, which prevented cold to penetrate the Black Sea coast.

Relic plants of the Krasnodar Territory remained due to the uniqueness of the climate of this region and contrary to the economic activity of a person who gradually displaces forest areas and uses them for their needs. These plants include:

Sugit Evergreen - the most slow shrub (1 mm per year), lives up to 500 years, is represented as in the form of a tree and shrub. It is often used when greening park zones in cities and garden sites, where with the help of shrubs, they create various green figures.
Juniper high - evergreen coniferous tree with a crown in the form of a cone, living up to 600 years. Height - up to 12-16 meters. Preserved only on the Black Sea coast, between Anapa and Gelendzhik. It is multiplied with the help of seeds that are spreading birds, drought-resistant and can grow on rocky or limestone slopes of mountains, in rafts, refers to decorative and ether solid plants.

Juniper High, Samshat and Tis - Plants of the Red Book of Russia and the Krasnodar Territory.

Tis berry - evergreen coniferous tree, which appeared many million years ago. Its advantages are the absence of resin in the wood and dark red, because of which it takes great popularity in the manufacture of valuable furniture. Also has bactericidal properties. One of the long-lived trees (the maximum age is 1500 years old). It grows in the Caucasus, near Anapa and Novorossiysk, and then extends east to the Caspian Sea.
Pitsundskaya Pine is one of the subspecies of the Calabrian pine, the relict tree of the tertiary period of the Black Sea coast, listed in the Red Book of Russia. It is disposed of soil and humidity, rather rapidly growing. It has a light green soft cheeom-length up to 15 cm, in the mountains reaches a height of 400 m. The main range is located near Gelendzhik, as well as Tuapse, Anapa, Dagomys, etc.

Conclusion

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Basic secondary school number 7

Relic plants of the Voronezh region

and their guard

Project author:

Komarov Nikita Sergeevich

student - 7 CL.

Leader:

Timiew Margarita Valentinovna

teacher geography MBOU OOS number 7

2016

Content:

Introduction .............................................................................. 3.

1. For such relics ...... .. ......................................................... 4

..........................................................5

2.1. Schiverkia Podolskaya ......... ... ........................................................ ... 5

2.2.The .................................................................... …………five

2.3. Goat Polyansky ..............................................................

2.4. Lapper Donskaya ……………………..………………………………..6

2.5 Birch Litvinova ............…………………………………………….7

Conclusion ............................................................................8.

Literature ......................................................................................... ..9

Appendix ........................................................................... 10-13

1. Introduction

In many books and newspapers, we face such a word as a relic, but we do not always understand its meaning and importance. Rellets -real estate plants and animals, species that are part of the vegetation cover or animal world of the country and the region as a remnant of Flor and Fane, which have passed their geological eras and in some inconsistency with modernconditions of existence. There are many relict plants in the world, butonly a small part of them is thoroughly studied and described.

I decided to find out if there are relics in our area? It turns out that in the territory of the Voronezh region growrelic plants of tertiary, glacial and postradite time.

Purpose of work: study of relict plants of the Voronezh region

Tasks:

develop a research plan;

collect material on relict plants of the native land;

explore the collected material;

emboss stand.

Hypothesis: If students, their friends, parents will be aware of the relics of plants of the Voronezh region, methods rational use and the protection of natural resources, it is possible to prevent the disappearance of certain types of plants, to maintain the nature of our region.

Methodology: Analysis of literature, information resources, observation.

What is relics

Relician plants - rare Types of birth, plants family are more numerous or widespread in the geological past. Ofdefinitionsfollow, whatlong awaynoteverythingrare plants are relic. A rarity can be a natural state of the species throughout its history. Recently recent species that have a limited distribution area may also be.

Many relict plants have limited ranges, within which they are completely common, others are widespread, but there are sporadically, without having solid ranges.

The plant belonging to the number of relics is established mainly in paleobotanical data indicating its more significant role in the composition of the vegetation of the past.Independent instructions can serve as taxonomic isolation, and, in the case of widespread, the ruinity of the range.

The reason for the relicity in most cases is a change in the natural conditions associated with the Pleistocene glaciation (both directly in the field of the distribution of glaciers and due to climatic influences beyond its limits.

Most often, the fate of relict plants is associated with communities, as part of which they existed for millions of years.

Relicianplantsshowsustainabletrendtoreductionnumerousand/ or the range (the exception is only a few species divided by man). Such plants presented a greater scientific value, so special measures are needed to protect them..

2. Relic plants of our region

In the region there are more than 60 types of relic species - these are plants, in the past more numerous or widespread, and currently become rare.

Relic growers are usually divided into three groups.

1) Viednikovye Real attits: Sheverkia Podolskaya, Chile, Bereza Litvinova, Kozo-Polyansky babble.

2) Ice Time Relic Sets: Lensky Packed, Donskaya Phackle, Silky Walre.

3) The relics of post declarations include lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries, Celebre, Timyan. These plants fell into our area from various regions of Eurasia: from the mountains of Central Asia and the Mediterranean to Taiga and the tundra of the North of Eurasia.

2.1 . Sviverkia Podolskaya

Soliverkia Podolskaya -plant family cruciferous.The area of \u200b\u200bthe European part of Russia is intermittent. It dwells on rocks and dry limestone slopes on river valleys. The perennial height of 8 - 20 centimeters, published by star hairs, with a rosette of leaves at the base of the stem. Stems one or more. Flowers small, white, collected in compact inflorescences on the tops of the stems. Pods are inversely visual or elliptical. Flowers in April - May. Fruit at the end of June. The reproduction is seed and vegetative. Wintering with green leaves. (Attachment 1)

2.2. Chilim (water walnut, rogue)

On a quiet stroy of the lake or river bay, occasionally you can see the socket of floating leaves of Chile. On the cuts of blooming leaves filled with an air cloth. Thanks to such bubbles, the plant floats. In the summer (July-August), flowers with four white petals appear in the sinuses of the leaves. Chile - annual and does not tolerate autumn frosts. It blooms only in hot summer. Nowadays, the plant has become extremely rare. It is guarded in several reserves and listed in the Red Book. In Nature, Chile has multiplied through unfortunate animals, which come in the reservoir. Fruits are attached to their wool, and thus can get into another water. For medicinal purposes, the fruits of chilima, leaves, flowers and juice of fresh plants are used. The preparation of fruits are carried out in the fall, when the leaves of the plant change their color and start to die. The juice from the chilim grass is prepared during flowering. After harvesting, the fruits are dried in a dry room, laying up a thin layer.

Store nuts crude from the peel in a cool place (refrigerator, cellar) in canvas or paper bags (with large volumes it is possible in wooden boxes). If the nuts are cleaned from the peel, then in a few days they will lose their taste.The water walnut has a diuretic, antispasmodic, astringent, tonic, antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-seaterosclerotic, powdered, choleretic, antitumor properties.
Water walnut without heat treatment Use for the treatment of dyspepsia, kidney disease, impotence. With these diseases, as well as for the prevention of ORZ and influenza, it is recommended to eat in half an hour before receiving food 1-2 raw walnut 3 times a day. The infusion of leaves and chilim flowers is accepted to restore forces after transferred diseases. Juice from fresh water walnuts drink to treat eye diseases.
Outwardly, juice, diluted with warm boiled water, wipe the throat with purulent and folicular angins. Juice lubricate the place of bite of mosquitoes, bees, OS. For the same purposes, you can apply softened leaves of this plant. (Appendix 2)

2.3. Kozo Polyansky babble

Kozo Polyansky babble - Real endemic of the Voronezh region.It grows on tops and slopes of chalk hills, sometimes in bulk, usually on open or semi-substituted areas, as well as in stony steppes with a rarefied herbaceous cover. Perennial, forms large loose turns with numerous sockets and arrows.It differs from other types of bars with more dense multi-sized sockets, somewhat stupid less endanted and harsh leaves with an outstanding bottom , Arrows almost woolly hairy with long whitish almost twisting hairs. (Appendix 3)

2.4. Lapper Donskaya

Steppe relict plant with dark green pasty leaves and bright golden flowers, on the form similar to small roses. Plant height - 25-30 cm. Phackle flowers at the end of May - early June about 30 days. Laptop Donskaya - endemic limestone slopes of the North-Don Relician District. It grows on steppe zones and is often found among the nicks. Laptop Donskoy refers to the restrictions of the end of the unicuned period. The plant contains tanning substances. (Appendix 4)

2.5. Berez Litvinova

Bereza Litvinova -a small tree with a height of 7-8 meters. Bark Stemwhite or pinkish, branches are thin, dark-brown, with lentils. Young year old Thingsyellowish-brown, with whitish velvety flood. Leaves3-4.5 cm long, egg-shaped or oblong-ovoid, with a pointed top and a wedge-shaped or rounded base. The edge of the sheet is unevenly ominous. From above sheet plate Naked, green, the bottom is brighter.Dustovye Sergey.thin, cylindrical, 4-6 cm long, are collected in the brush of 2-3 pieces. (Appendix 5)

Conclusion

To save rare species plants, people need to know them because it is very important to know "in the face" of those who first need special care; Comply with the elementary rules of behavior in nature: do not tear plants, not trample, do not breed fires, do not litter. We must take care of the future of our area, take care and protect nature, because a person and nature is one whole. And one without another can not exist!

Tree, grass, flower and bird

Do not always be defended.

If they are destroyed,

On the planet we will stay alone.

V. Berestov.

Literature

The Red Book of Russia. (Plants) M. Enlightenment. 2002

Encyclopedia. Biology. Avanta Plus. 2002

I know the world. Children's encyclopedia: plants. - M., 1995.

Appendix 3. Kozo Polyansky babble

Appendix 4. Lapper Donskaya

Appendix 5. Berez Litvinova

Homemade Baking Recipes with Photos - Step-by-Step Master Classes

Real species of plants and animals. Relic Trees in Landscape Design

Ginkgo Two Biloba (Ginkgo Biloba)

Tisus Jurassica (Taxus Jurassica)

Pinus Brutia Ten. Subsp. Pityusa)

Metasequa Gliptobodoboid (Metasequoia Glyptostroboides)

Velvichia Amazing (Welwitschia Mirabilis)

Juniperus Communis

The most ancient plants

Examples of relict plants

Realities from America

Ancient healing tree

Fern: Interesting Facts

Realities of Russia

Realities of Primorye

Realities of the Caucasus and the Black Sea coast

Conclusion

The most ancient plants

Examples of relict plants

Realities from America

Ancient healing tree

Fern: Interesting Facts

Realities of Russia

Realities of Primorye

Realities of the Caucasus and the Black Sea coast

Conclusion

Whose signatures should be on the act?

Reorganization of a state institution by joining