Lomonosov (Moscow) is an excellent educational institution for young people who want to wholely devote their lives to science or get a high-quality versatile education, opening the doors to a number of leading Russian and foreign companies.

Foundation of the University

MSU was created in 1755 by M. Lomonosov and I. Shuvalov. The date of discovery was to be 1754 years old, but this was not destined to happen because repair work. Decree on opening educational institution He signed the Empress Elizabeth herself in the winter of the same year. In honor of this event, Tatiana is celebrated every year. Already in the spring, the first lectures began to read. Ivan Shuvalov became the curator of the university, and Alexey Argamakov director. The most interesting thing is that in any official document and in any speech dedicated to the discovery, Mikhail Lomonosov was not mentioned. Historians explain this by the fact that Ivan Shuvalov assigned to himself the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating Moscow State University and glory from her, and also introduced a number of provisions in his activities, which Ryano challenged the most Lomonosov and other progressive scientists. This is only an assumption that does not have evidence. Some historians believe that Lomonosov only performed the instructions of Shuvalov.

Control

Lomonosov was subordinate to the Government Senate. Professor of the university submitted only to the University Court, which was headed by the director and curator. The duties of the curator included full management of the institution, the appointment of teachers, approval curriculum etc. The director was elected from unauthorized persons and carried out control. His duties also had to ensure the material side of the question and the establishment of correspondence with famous science figures and other educational institutions. In order for the decision of the director to be full force, it should have been approved by the curator. The director worked the conference of professors, which consisted of 3 professors and 3 assessors.

XVIII century

Lomonosov (Moscow State University) in the XVIII century could offer students three medicines and rights. Mikhail Heraskov in 1779 creates a university noble guest house, which becomes a gymnasium in 1930. The founder of the university press is considered (1780). It was published a newspaper "Moscow Vedomosti", which was the most popular in the whole Russian Empire. Soon, the first scientific communities begin to form at the university.

XIX century

Since 1804, the university management has passed into the hands of the Council and the Rector, who was approved by the emperor personally. The Council consisted of the best professors. The re-election of the rector occurred every year by means of secret ballot. Similarly, the deans were elected. The first rector, which was chosen by such a system, became H. Chebotarev. The Council was engaged in issues of the curriculum, checking knowledge of students and the appointment of teachers in the gymnasium and school. Every month in Moscow State University named after Lomonosov held meetings dedicated to new scientific discoveries and experiments. The executive bodies became the Board, which was from the rector and deans. Communication between university managers and power was carried out with the help of a trustee. At this time, faculties in Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov have undergone some changes: they were divided into 4 branches of sciences (political, verbal, physical and mathematical and medical).

XX century

In 1911 there is a loud scandal - "Case Cassette". As a result of him, the university is 6 years old leaving about 30 professors and 130 teachers. The physico-mathematical faculty suffered the strongest of this, which after the departure of P. Lebedev processed in development for 15 years. In 1949, the construction of a new corps on Sparrow Mountainswhich in the future becomes the main building of the university. In 1992, the famous mathematician V. Sadovniki is elected by the rector of the university.

Educational process

Want to know what is taught in Moscow State University named after Lomonosov? In 2011, all Russian universities had to move to a two-level training system, which the Bologna Convention prescribes. Despite this, Moscow State University continues to train students on an integrated 6-year program. The rector of the University of Viktor Sadovniki said that the school prepares future specialists in accordance with its own standards. He focused on the fact that they will be higher than government. For students, two forms of training are possible - a specialty and magistracy. Training on a specialist will last 6 years, and the undergraduate will remain only at some faculties. Analysts in the field of education have different points of view on such a decision of the university: someone approves him, someone does not hurry to draw conclusions.

Structure

To date, the university consists of more than 600 buildings, the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich is approximately 1 million m². Only in the capital of Russia, the territory of the university takes about 200 hectares. It is known that the Moscow Government has allocated a region of 120 hectares for new university buildings, which since 2003 has been active work. The territory was leased. Construction occurs largely due to the promotion of Intec CJSC. The company has built up a part of the dedicated territory by two residential areas and the parking area. The university has a share of 30% of and 15% of parking. Also, the territory is planned to build up four buildings surrounding the fundamental library. All this will be a small town, on which the laboratory and research corps and the stadium will be arranged.

In 2005, a fundamental library was built. In the fall of 2007, the mayor of the city of Y. Luzhkov and the rector of MoscowSU solemnly opened two important objects: the first educational building of Moscow State University, in which the three faculties are located (public administration, historical and philosophical) and a system of 5 buildings for a medical center (clinic, hospital, diagnostic and Analytical centers and educational buildings). In winter, 2009, the grand opening of the 3rd Humanitarian Corps was held, in which it was planned to place the Faculty of Economics. A year later, the 4th Corps was opened, which took the Faculty of Law. Under the Lomonosovsky Avenue, an underground pedestrian crossing, which connected the new and old territory was created.

In 2011, the first educational building, located in the new territory, began to refer to the "Shuvalovsky", and another building will be called "Lomonosovsky". There are branches of the university even outside the country, in the most remote corners: in Astana, Dushanbe, Baku, Yerevan, Tashkent and Sevastopol.

Scientific life

Named after Lomonosov (MSU) is famous for talented scientists who regularly publish interesting works and research. In the spring of 2017, MSU biologists published a report in which the relationship between renal failure and "wrong" mitochondria was proved. The results of the experiments were published in the Scientific Journal Scientific Reports. A new way was created to help assess ambient. The university is famous not only to famous scientists who have already created a name, but also with young talents. Many of them in 2017 became laureates of the Moscow Government Prize.

Faculties

MSU named after Lomonosov offers students to choose a large number of Directions of education. In total there are about 30 faculties. On the basis of the university, the Moscow School of Economics, Higher School of Business, Faculty of Military Training, Higher School of Translation, etc. There is also a university gymnasium that takes orphans. What is interesting we can learn about MSU named after Lomonosov? The physical faculty is considered one of the most progressive, and not in vain. He is considered the best place For physics training in all of Russia, because there are studies that receive world publicity. Leading teachers are scientists who are known for their discoveries and ideas even abroad. This faculty was created in 1933, and then he was called the Department of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. Here teach such scientists as S. Vavilov, N. Bogolyubov, A. Tikhonov. Of the 10 Russian laureates of the Nobel Prize 7 studied and worked at this faculty: A. Prokhorov, P. Kapitsa, I. Frank, L. Landau, A. Apricos and I. Tamm.

Summing up this review article, I want to say that MSU them. Lomonosov is one of the best universities Russian Federationunless the best. It should be selected for each applicant yourself, because training here opens a lot of opportunities. The popularity of this school is unlikely to ever fall, because even the branches are almost never undershot.

It was originally located on the site of the current State Historical Museum on Red Square.

History of University

The role of the driving force took over the greatest Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov. Mikhail Vasilyevich conceived an ambitious project to create a university for gifted students. However, it was not easy to realize the idea: officials invariably responded with polite refusal to his proposal. In the end, Lomonosov had to apply a cunning "bypass maneuver": he handed over the project and the charter of the University of the Favoritis of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna - Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov. An influential slander, a thin and clever man, Shuvalov was looking for the glory of the polenate and could achieve the approval of the charter of the new educational institution proposed by Lomonosov. On January 25, 1755, the decree on the creation of the Imperial Moscow University was signed by Empress Elizabeth (by the way, it was from here that his student tradition takes his beginning - to celebrate Tatiana's day).

Initially, the university is located in a pharmaceutical house among the Resurrection Gate on Red Square (now there is a historical museum in this place). There were three faculties: philosophical, medical and legal. In part, due to the fact that Lomonosov himself was a nugget "from the bottom", a very democratic policy was held in the educational institution: they accepted everyone with the exception of the fortress peasants, provided that the person passed the necessary entrance tests. Lectures read the best professors, often classes gathered a huge audience, because everyone could come to lectures. Such a democratic policy soon led to a significant development of the educational institution. In the 19th century, the number of faculties is growing, in the middle of the university in the middle of the century more than 1000 students are studying.

The building of the university is pretty quickly becoming close, and rent for classes, and then buy the courtyard of Prince Repnin on Mokhovaya Street, then six more Barsrooms. In 1785, Catherine II leaves 125 thousand rubles from the treasury for the construction of the University building on the project of architect Matvey Kazakov. Alas, the very first building did not come to us: the fire in September 1812 destroyed it together with the museum, library, artistic and scientific values. But after five years, the burnt the core began to restore, the funds for construction were going to the whole world. Work on reconstruction ended in 1819 under the leadership of the Liberty Dementia architect. The solemn and elegant building acquired a majestic look, and classes began there.

According to the memories of contemporaries, learning in the Imperial Moscow University was difficult, and interesting. Lectures began at nine in the morning, seven pairs stood in the schedule. Faculties were not so clearly delimited as now, it was possible to attend classes of famous professors in various specialties. For the course of study, it was necessary to pay 28 rubles to 57 kopecks by assignments, but it did not concern the low-income talented students: they still existed scholarships, as well as compensation for renting a room. In addition, a system of bonuses was introduced, and for excellent studies could be obtained up to 300 rubles, and the prize of the competition for outstanding scientific work was 1,500 rubles. In those times, when the average workplace salary was 25 rubles per month, it was very decent money.

In the reign of Nicholas I, students received a mandatory form: a coat, the tricon and the sword.

However, he soon in the country there were dramatic events: a revolution, a change in political system, the execution of the imperial family. All this could not not impose an imprint on the university's instructions and policies. It should be noted that inside the collective there was a serious split: there were those who "for" and those who "against". Students and professors who have not adopted new political powerThey were forced to leave the university, besides, under pressure from a new government, whole scientific directions were closed in philosophy, biology, history and philology that did not meet the revolutionary ideology.

Nevertheless, all these tests did not prevent Moscow university to maintain their place of higher education leader. Already in 1934, candidate dissertations are defended in the USSR in Moscow State University, but as soon as the learning process has become gradually improving again, heavier times came again. During the Great Patriotic War More than five thousand students and teachers go to the front. Training activities Suspended. Although in the first postwar years there was a new rise in education, the country needed scientific personnel and qualified specialists. In 1947, on the 800th anniversary of Moscow, the city received eight giant construction sites on the sparrow mountains. Among them are a new complex of buildings for Moscow University with a high-rise MSU building. The main case was built from 1949 to 1953, and now it is he who is a symbol of the university.

In the 50s, a real excitement was observed at the entrance exams in Moscow State University. The budget has grown five times compared with the pre-war period, which made it possible to equip scientific laboratories and educational audiences, open new faculties and specialized laboratories. The Faculty of Psychology, the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, the First Faculty of Soil Studies in the country, the Institute of Eastern Languages \u200b\u200b(since 1972, the Institute of Asian and Africa in Moscow State University). Today in Moscow State University - 39 faculties, 15 research institutes, 4 museum, about 380 departments and more than 40,000 students and graduate students. Moscow state University The only one in Russia brought up 11 Nobel laureates.

The university is included in the top three Russian universities with special status: the presidential decree of 2008 is enshrined academic independence, which gives the right to establish its educational standards and programs.

Library of Moscow State University

The library of Moscow University, opened in 1755, more than a hundred years was the only secular, free and publicly available in Moscow. In the middle of the XIX century, restored after the fire of 1812, it consisted of more than 7,500 volumes. Nowadays, the unique foundation is 10 million books, manuscripts and periodicals. Its services are used by about 65 thousand readers.

Student Theater.

Russian stage art is obliged to his blooming precisely the first student theater. In 1756, students of Moscow University under the leadership of the rector, poet M.M. Heraskova, showed the public the first performance. Subsequently, Russian theatrical troupes almost fully consisted of university graduates, and one of them became the basis of the Imperial Moscow Theater, the predecessor of the cultural heritage of Russia - the Greater and Small Theaters.

Church of Holy Tatiana

After the building of Kazakov and the first University Church of Tatian Martyrs, Nikolai I bought for the University of Pashkov at the University of Nikitskaya Street in the fire of 1812. Architect ED Tyurin rebuilt this building for a new audit corps, the left outhouse - for the library, and the right of the former government theater turned into church. Tyurin is surprisingly harmoniously connected with a new building with the main corps of Cossack - Liberadi. Graceful Polurotone with Colonnada received paintings by Anton Claud and unique sculptural iconostasis I.P. Vitaly. In 1837, the Holy Martyr Tatian became a patronage of Moscow University, and then and the whole Russian student.

High-rise building on sparrow mountains

The main building of Moscow State University on Sparrow (Lenin) mountains was designed in the architect L.V. Rudneva. The unique opportunities for the project provided the selected construction site - a high plateau at the ostum of the Moscow River. Having pulled off the high-rise building from the coast, the architect emphasized its greatness and size with a solemn approach, decorated with green healers and squares with fountains. MSU building is the highest among the "Stalinist sisters". The central span is 36 floors, so that until 1990 it was the highest in Europe. The construction of a 240-meter skyscraper required more than 400,000 tons of steel, 175 million bricks, 111 elevators. The Office of Laurentia Beria oversaw unusual construction, thousands of prisoners worked on the construction and decoration of the building. In the central part there are three faculties, the rectorate, the library, the Palace of Culture and the Museum of Region. In 19-storey buildings of lateral buildings there is a student hostel and apartments for teachers.

MGU highlight on the sparrow mountains chose a couple of rare falcon-sapsanov.

The largest myth associated with the main building is that the columns from whole jasper on the 9th floor were allegedly transferred here from the destroyed christ of Christ the Savior. But actually it is not.

Famous university teachers ...

Nikolai Zhukovsky's aerodynamics creator, inventor of gas mask, chemist Nikolay Zelinsky, great physiologist Ivan Sechenov, natural scientist Clement Timiryazev, Surgeon Nikolai Sklifosovsky, Creator of Biogeochemistry Vladimir Vernadsky and many others taught in Moscow State University - confirmation of its level and prestige.

... and no less famous graduates

Dramis Denis Fonvizin and Alexander Griboedov, Poets Vasily Zhukovsky and Fyodor Tyutchev, writers-revolutionary Alexander Herzen and Nikolay Ogarev, writers Ivan Turgenev and Anton Chekhov, Philosopher Peter Chayadaev, Warlist's theatrical figures, Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko and Vsevolod Meyerhold, artist Vasily Kandinsky.

Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, founded in 1755, is considered one of the leading universities in Russia. Since the beginning of its foundation, the university is the center of the country's academic life. Moscow State University is one of two domestic universities walking in the main international rankings of universities. More than 40 thousand students are studying in Moscow State University, 20% of which are foreigners. The Moscow State University includes 39 faculties, 15 research institutes, 4 museums, 6 branches, about 380 departments, Scientific Park, Botanical Garden, Scientific Library, Publisher, Typography, Cultural Center and boarding school.

Mikhail Lomonosov is considered the founder of Moscow State University, whose name university was officially named in 1940. Initially, the university consisted of three faculties: philosophical, medical and legal. All students began their training as philosophers and later chose a specialization. In pre-revolutionary Russia, all free citizens could come to the university, regardless of their estate. In the walls of Moscow State University studied and taught many outstanding scientists and government figures, including 11 Nobel laureates. Among them by B.L. Pasternak, ld Landau, A.D. Sakharov and M.S. Gorbachev.

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Academic specialization

MSU preparing students on 39 faculties in 128 areas and specialties covering the entire spectrum modern education. In addition to traditional fundamental, natural, humanitarian and social disciplines, there are interdisciplinary programs such as bioinformatics and produce. According to such specialties as mathematics, physics, astronomy and chemistry of Moscow State University are among the best universities in the world. In 2013, in Shanghai, the academic ranking of the universities in the world in Mathematics MSU took 36th place.