Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration was born on July 10, 1765 in the North Caucasus, in Kizlyar. He came from an old Georgian princely family, in which service in the Russian army became a family tradition. He studied at the Kizlyar school for senior and non-commissioned officer children. He began military service in 1782. The first military rank was sergeant of the Astrakhan Musketeer Regiment. Bagration gained his first combat experience in clashes with the highlanders who attacked the Caucasian fortified border line. As an officer, Prince Bagration earned his first military awards and fame in the ranks of the Russian army during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791 and the Polish campaign of 1793-1794. There, Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov drew attention to him and predicted a great future for the brave infantry commander.

Bagration's talent as a great military leader was revealed under the banner of Suvorov during the Italian and Swiss campaigns of 1799. In the course of campaigns against the troops of revolutionary France that captured Northern Italy, Major General Bagration commanded the vanguard of the allied Russian-Austrian army. He, as a rule, had to be the first to clash with the enemy and often decide the outcome of the battle, as, for example, in Italy - on the rivers Adda and Trebbia and near the city of Novi Ligure. Contemporaries were struck by his fearlessness and determination in the critical moments of the battle. Suvorov was proud of his talented student, and the French commanders saw Bagration as a dangerous enemy. The Patriotic War of 1812, as well as other anti-Napoleonic wars, confirmed these fears.During the Swiss campaign in the battle on the Saint Gotthard mountain pass, the Russian avant-garde under the command of Bagration brilliantly completed the task, and largely thanks to him, the French had to clear the way for the Suvorov troops, while suffering heavy losses.

In orders and reports to Emperor Paul I, Suvorov constantly noted the merits of the commander of his vanguard, who successfully coped with the most important combat missions. From a foreign campaign, General Bagration returned as a renowned military leader.

In the military campaign of 1805, when the army under the command of Kutuzov made the famous Ulm-Olmutsky march-manoeuvre, General Bagration led its rearguard, which had the most trials.Of these, the most serious was the battle on November 16, 1805 at Hollabrunn. The Russian 7,000th rearguard was opposed by the advanced 40,000th corps of the Napoleonic army under the command of Marshal Murat. Having secured a position at Hollabrunn, Bagration held out until the retreating main forces of the Russian army were at a distance inaccessible to the French army.

Genuine military recognition came to Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration after the battle of Austerlitz on December 2, 1805, which Napoleon considered the "sun" in his military biography. The army of the French emperor numbered 75 thousand people. His opponents are 85 thousand people (60 thousand Russians and 25 thousand Austrians) and 278 guns. The allied army was formally commanded by General Kutuzov, but during the battle, the Russian Emperor Alexander I and the Austrian Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Franz II constantly interfered in his decisions.Bagration commanded the troops of the right wing of the allied army, which long time staunchly repulsed all the attacks of the French. When the victorious scale became

lean towards the Napoleonic army, almost caThe armed troops of Bagration formed the rearguard of the allied Russian-Austrian army, covering the withdrawal of the main forces and suffering heavy losses.The battle of Austerlitz - the “battle of the three emperors” - became for General Bagration a strict test of military maturity, which he honorably

survived. AfterbirthThe result of this battle was the disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire and the formation of the Austrian state in its place, which ceased to be an ally of Russia.

During the Russian-Prussian-French war of 1806-1807, Bagration again commanded the rearguard of the allied army, which distinguished itself in major battles in East Prussia - near Preussisch-Eylau and near Friedland. In the first of them, which took place on February 7-8, 1807, Bagration commanded the rearguard of the Russian army, covering its retreat to Preussisch-Eylau. Then the Bagration regiments successfully repulsed the attacks of the French troops and did not allow the enemy to bypass them from the flank. After bloody battle, which lasted until deBy ten o'clock in the evening, the enemy armies remained in their original positions.

War is an extremely terrible thing, even the word itself evokes the most terrible associations.

Patriotic War of 1812

The war of 1812 took place between Russia and France due to violations of the Tilsit peace treaty signed by both sides. And although it did not last long, almost every battle was extremely bloody and devastating for both sides. The initial alignment of forces was as follows: six hundred thousand soldiers from France and two hundred and forty thousand from Russia. The outcome of the war was obvious from the very beginning. But those who believed that the Russian Empire would lose were deeply mistaken. On December 25, 1812, Emperor Alexander the First signed an appeal to his subjects, which announced the victorious end of the war.

Heroes of the past

The heroes of the war of 1812 look at us from the pages of history books. Whoever you take - entirely majestic portraits, but what is behind them? Behind pompous poses and magnificent uniforms? Boldly going into battle against the enemies of the Fatherland is a real feat. In the war against the Napoleonic troops in 1812, a lot of worthy and wonderful young heroes fought and died. Their names are honored to this day. Portraits of the heroes of the war of 1812 are the faces of those who spared nothing for the sake of the common good. To take responsibility for command and control of troops, as well as for success or, conversely, defeat on the battlefield and eventually win the war - this is the highest feat. This article tells about the most famous participants of the year, about their deeds and accomplishments.

So, who are they - the heroes of the war of 1812? Photos of portraits of famous personalities presented below will help fill in the gaps in the knowledge of native history.

M. I. Kutuzov (1745-1813)

When the heroes of the war of 1812 are mentioned, Kutuzov, of course, comes to mind first. The most famous student of Suvorov, a talented commander, strategist and tactician. Golenishchev-Kutuzov (real name) was born in a family of ancestral nobles, whose roots were traced back to the Novgorod princes. Mikhail's father was a military engineer, and it was he who largely influenced his son's future choice of profession. From a young age, Mikhail Illarionovich was in good health, inquiring mind and courteous in handling. But the main thing is still his undeniable talent in military affairs, which his teachers noted in him. He was educated, of course, with a military bias. He graduated from the artillery and engineering school with honors. For a long time he even taught at his alma mater.

However, about his contribution to the victory: Count, Kutuzov at the time of the war was already at an advanced age. He was elected commander, first of the St. Petersburg, and then of the Moscow militia. It was he who came up with the idea to give up Moscow, thus making a gambit, like in chess. Many generals who participated in this war were practically brought up by Kutuzov, and his word in Fili was decisive. The war was won largely thanks to his cunning and skill in military tactics. For this act, he was granted on behalf of the tsar to the rank of Field Marshal, and also became Prince of Smolensk. He did not live long after the victory, only a year. But the fact that Russia did not submit in this war is entirely the merit of M.I. Kutuzov. The enumeration of the list "People's Heroes of the War of 1812" is most appropriate to start with this person.

D. P. Neverovsky (1771 - 1813)

A nobleman, but not from the most famous family, Neverovsky began to serve as a private of the Semenovsky regiment. By the beginning of the war of 1812, he was already the chief of Pavlovsky. He was sent to defend Smolensk, where he met with the enemy. Murat himself, who led the French near Smolensk, wrote in his memoirs that he had never seen such selflessness. These lines were dedicated specifically to D. P. Neverovsky. Having waited for help, Dmitry Petrovich made the transition to Smolensk, which glorified him. Then he participated in the Battle of Borodino, but was shell-shocked.

In 1812 he received the rank of lieutenant general. Even after being wounded, he did not stop fighting, his division suffered the greatest losses in the war. Only this is not from unreasonable command, but rather from selflessness and dedication in the most difficult positions. Like a real hero, Neverovsky died from his wounds in Halle. Later he was reburied on, like many heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

M.B. Barclay de Tolly (1761 - 1818)

This name during the Patriotic War has long been associated with cowardice, treason and retreat. And very undeserved.

This hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 came from an ancient Scottish family, but at an early age his parents sent the boy to study in Russia, where his uncle lived and served. It was he who helped the young man in many ways to get Mikhail Bogdanovich independently rose to the rank of officer at the age of sixteen. By the beginning of the war with Napoleon, he was appointed commander of the first Western Army.

This commander was an interesting personality. Completely unpretentious, he could sleep under the open sky and dine with ordinary soldiers, he was very easy to handle. But he held on by virtue of his character and, perhaps, his origin, it was cold with everyone. In addition, he was very cautious in military affairs, which explains his numerous retreat maneuvers. But it was necessary: ​​mindlessly squandering human lives he did not want to and, as he himself noticed, he had no right to do so.

He was the Minister of War, and all the "bumps" from military failures fell on him. Bagration will write in his memoirs that during the Battle of Borodino, Mikhail Bogdanovich seemed to be trying to die.

Nevertheless, the idea to retreat from Moscow will come from him, and Kutuzov will support it. And, whatever it was, Barclay de Tolly would be right. He personally participated in many battles, by his example showing the soldiers how to fight for their country. Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly was a true son of Russia. The gallery of heroes of the war of 1812 was replenished with this name not without reason.

I. F. Paskevich (1782-1856)

The son of very wealthy landowners living near Poltava. Everyone predicted a different career for him, but from childhood he saw himself only as a military leader, and that's how it all happened. Proving yourself the best way in wars with Persia and Turkey, he was ready for war with France. Kutuzov himself once introduced him to the Tsar as his most talented young general.

He participated in the army of Bagration, wherever he fought, he did it conscientiously, sparing neither himself nor the enemy. He distinguished himself near Smolensk and in the Battle of Borodino. He was subsequently awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the second degree. It was St. Vladimir, for the most part, that was awarded to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

P. I. Bagration (1765-1812)

This hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 came from an ancient royal Georgian family, in his youth he served in a musketeer regiment. And even took part in the battles of the Russian-Turkish war. He studied the art of war with Suvorov himself, for his valor and diligence he was extremely loved by the commander.

During the war with the French, he led the second Western army. Also visited the retreat near Smolensk. At the same time, he was extremely opposed to withdrawing without a fight. Participated in Borodino. At the same time, this battle became fatal for Peter Ivanovich. He was seriously wounded, and before that he fought heroically and twice with the soldiers threw the enemy away from his positions. The wound was extremely serious, he was transported to the estate of a friend, where he quickly died. After twenty-seven years, his ashes will be returned to the Borodino field to be buried with honors in the land for which he spared nothing.

A. P. Ermolov (1777-1861)

This general was at that time known to literally everyone, all of Russia followed his successes, and they were proud of him. Very brave, strong-willed, talented. He participated in not one, but in as many as three wars with the Napoleonic troops. Kutuzov himself greatly appreciated this man.

He was the organizer of the defense near Smolensk, personally reported to the tsar about all the details of the battles, he was very weary of the retreat, but he understood all its necessity. He even tried to reconcile two opposing generals: Barclay de Tolly and Bagration. But in vain: they will fight to the death.

Most clearly in this war, he showed himself in the battle of Maloyaroslavtsev. He left Napoleon no choice but to retreat along the already devastated Smolensk route.

And although the relationship with the command due to the ardent character at the end of the war went wrong, nevertheless, no one dared to diminish the importance of his actions and courage in battles. General Ermolov took his rightful place in the list, which lists the generals - heroes of the war of 1812.

D. S. Dokhturov (1756-1816)

Another hero of the war of 1812. The future general was born into a family where military traditions were highly revered. All of his male relatives were in the military, so there was no need to choose a matter of life. And in fact, in this field he was accompanied only by luck. The great Empress Catherine the First herself presented him with a sword for achievements during the Russian-Swedish war with a pompous inscription: "For courage."

He fought near Austerlitz, where, again, he showed only courage and courage: he broke through with his army through the encirclement. Personal courage did not save him from injury during the war of 1805, but the wounds did not stop this man and did not prevent him from joining the ranks of the Russian army during the war of 1812.

Near Smolensk, he fell very seriously ill with a cold, but this did not tear him away from his direct duties. Dmitry Sergeevich treated each of his soldiers with great care and participation, he knew how to restore order in the ranks of his subordinates. That is what he demonstrated near Smolensk.

The surrender of Moscow was extremely difficult for him, because the general was a patriot. And he did not want to give even a handful of land to the enemy. But he endured this loss steadfastly, continuing to try for the sake of his homeland. He proved himself a real hero near Maloyaroslavets, fighting next to the troops of General Yermolov. After one of the battles, Kutuzov met Dokhturov with the words: "Let me hug you, hero!"

N. N. Raevsky (1771 - 1813)

A nobleman, hereditary military man, talented from the cavalry. This man's career began and developed so rapidly that in the middle of his life he was already ready to retire, but could not. The threat from France was too great for talented generals to sit at home.

It was the troops of Nikolai Nikolaevich who had the honor of holding the enemy's army until other units unite. He fought at Saltanovka, his units were thrown back, but time was still won. Fought at Smolensk, near Borodino. In the last battle, it was on his flank that the main blow fell, which he and his soldiers steadfastly held back.

Later it will be very successful under Tarutin and at Maloyaroslavets. For which he will receive the Order of St. George of the third degree. Unfortunately, soon he will fall ill and very seriously, so that he will finally have to give up military affairs.

P. A. Tuchkov (1769 - 1858)

Not much is known about him. He came from a military dynasty and served for a long time under the leadership of his father. Since 1800 he served in the rank of major general.

He fought zealously near the small village of Valutina Gora, then personally took command near the Strogan River. He boldly went into battle against the army of the French Marshal Ney, but was wounded and taken prisoner. He was introduced to Napoleon as a Russian general, and the emperor, admiring the courage of this man, ordered that his sword be returned to him. Unfortunately, he met the end of the war, victorious for Russia, in captivity, but received his freedom in 1814 and continued to work for the good of the Fatherland.

A. A. Skalon (1767 - 1812)

A hero of the war of 1812, he was from an old French family, but only his ancestors had long ago moved to Russia, and he knew no other Fatherland. For a long time he served in the Preobrazhensky, and then in the Semenovsky regiment.

Skalon began military operations against France only in 1812, when there were not enough generals, and until now the emperor, knowing about his roots, removed Anton Antonovich from interfering in the war with France. Participated in and this day for the major general was the last. He was killed, Scalon's body fell to the enemy, but was interred with honors at the behest of Napoleon himself.

real heroes

Of course, these are not all the heroes of the war of 1812. The list of glorious and worthy people could be continued indefinitely. And much more can be said about their exploits. The main thing is that all of them spared neither their strength nor their health, and many of their lives for the sake of the main task - to win the war. It is so amazing to understand that once the real heroes were not on the book pages, but really performed feats just for the sake of the Fatherland flourishing. And it is not surprising that monuments to the heroes of the war of 1812 were erected throughout the country. Such people must be honored and remembered, they must live for centuries. Honor and glory to them!

"The heroic feat of the people in the Patriotic War of 1812"

There are such events in the Patriotic history that every person should know. Such events, of course, include the Patriotic War of 1812. After all, it was at that difficult time that the fate of the Motherland, of the entire people, was being decided. The theme of our lesson: "The heroism of the people in the Patriotic War of 1812."

Our lesson today is unusual - integrated. And we spend it together with a teacher of literature. After all, literature and history are two related subjects. In history lessons, we often hear poems and fragments of works of art. Today we will reveal our topic using the examples of historical figures and literary images (consider the final stage of the war).

Definitions and terms (they will be our transition to the topic of the lesson).

What war is called Patriotic War? What is a people's militia? Who is a patriot? And which of the famous personalities of Russian history can be called a patriot?

Confrontation between two armies. Guerrilla war.

The Russian army is located near the village of Tarutino, 80 km. From Moscow, covering the Tula arms factories and the fertile southern provinces. Napoleon, who was in Moscow, believed that the campaign was over and was waiting for an offer of peace. But no one sent ambassadors to him. The army, led by Kutuzov, was opposed to peace negotiations. However, a behind-the-scenes struggle was going on at the tsar's court (the empress-mother, brother Konstantin and the favorite of the tsar, Arakcheev, demanded peace with Napoleon). Tensions arose between the army and the court. And Tsar Alexander I refused to enter into negotiations with Napoleon. The hatred for the enemy and the patriotic upsurge in society were such that there could be no question of any peace.

1 part of the movie.

- What was Kutuzov's goal in leaving Moscow? Why? How do you evaluate his action?

Kutuzov took a risk. If it overall plan failed, he would have been severely punished by the emperor. And what a coward he would have remained in the memory of the people. He could give Napoleon one more battle, and even in the event of a defeat, his honor would be out of danger. Kutuzov risked his name and position. He put the sacred duty of saving the Fatherland above personal well-being. Like a patriot!

From the beginning of the invasion of the Napoleonic army into Russia, a people's war began to unfold against the enemy, peasant detachments spontaneously arose. The excesses of the enemy, the fire of Moscow caused even greater indignation of the people. The people's war engulfed the entire territory occupied by the enemy. Partisan detachments detached from the armies made bold raids deep into the territory occupied by the enemy. The merit of Kutuzov is that he gave great importance this small war, which raised the spirit of the population of the front-line provinces. The popular character of the war was most clearly manifested in the actions of the peasants. The peasants refused to supply the French with food, they killed enemy foragers (after all, the French army had long since broken away from its rear bases, and existed at the expense of extortions from the population). But the soldiers sent to the villages for food disappeared without a trace. In one of the orders, Napoleon wrote that the French army loses more every day from partisan attacks than on the battlefield.

Kutuzov, who quickly appreciated the importance of guerrilla warfare, began to send flying cavalry detachments behind enemy lines; army partisan detachments began to be created.

He commanded the first detachment of 50 hussars and 80 Cossacks.

“Denis Davydov is remarkable as a poet, and as a military writer, and in general as a writer, and as a warrior - not only for exemplary courage and some kind of chivalrous enthusiasm, but for the talent of a military leader.”

Davydov gave military service 35 years of his life out of the 55 years allotted to him by fate. With the government, he enjoyed a reputation as a brash and politically unreliable person. But he was one of the most popular people of his time. he was loved, admired, poems dedicated to him.

Student message:

Davydov, what is called in the family, was written to be a military man. Denis was not ten years old when he met the greatest general Russia - . This meeting determined the choice of his life path. “This one will be a military man. I won’t die yet, and he’s already won three battles!”

For 5 years, Davydov was an assistant and adjutant to the remarkable commander Bagration. During the attacks, he was with Bagration at the head of the troops. On the Borodino field, on the very eve of the battle, he received Kutuzov's consent to lead the very first partisan detachment.

Bagration, saying goodbye to Davydov on the Borodino field, handed over to him a personally written order on partisan action and presented his map of the Smolensk province, which the partisan poet carefully kept until the end of his life.

From the very beginning of the raid of the partisan detachment behind enemy lines, Davydov begins to keep a diary, on the pages of which he conveys with remarkable truthfulness everything that was seen, felt in moments of the greatest danger for the motherland. He contributes in every possible way to the development of a people's war - he distributes weapons to the peasants, encourages them to create partisan detachments, and gives advice on how to fight the French. Although Davydov wrote about himself: “I am not a poet, I am a partisan, I am a Cossack” - he was a real, talented poet, who was highly appreciated by his contemporaries. Vyazemsky, Zhukovsky, Pushkin admired him.

Literature teacher.

The literary fame of the poet-hussar, a thoughtless brave man and unrestrained revelers, somehow merged with the partisan glory of Davydov and turned into a kind of legend.

His colleague characterizes Davydov's literary pursuits in an emotionally elevated tone: “Most of his poems smell like a bivouac. They were written on halts, on day trips, between two shifts, between two battles, between two wars; these are trial handwriting of a pen made for writing reports. Davydov's poems were very popular at noisy meals, at merry feasts, among wild revelry.

Let's all plunge into the era when such wonderful people lived and try to feel the spirit of that time.

A film fragment from the film "The Squadron of the Flying Hussars".

- I suggest you listen to D. Davydov's poem "Song" and think about what the hero poet is singing in this poem.

- This poem is like a panorama of the life of a hussar. What is the main thing for a lyrical hero? (the desire to fight for the Motherland, selflessly, headlong to serve Mother Russia).

There were many rumors at that time about D. Davydov. They were also exaggerated about the love victories of the hussar. Although, as a war hero, a charming and witty man, he was, in fact, popular with women. And, of course, the theme of love sounded in his work.

- Listen to D. Davydov's romance, the music for which was written by the famous composer Alexander Zhurbin.

It sounds like a romance from the movie "Squadron of Flying Hussars" - "Don't Awaken".

What is the feeling of this romance?

- At what point in the life of D. Davydov could it sound?

- Why is this romance still perceived by us very emotionally?

There is an objective testimony of Vyazemsky (a friend of the poet): “A cordial and pleasant drinking buddy, he was actually quite modest and sober. He did not justify our proverb: “Drunk and smart, two lands in him.” He was smart, but he had never been drunk. Therefore, it would not be superfluous to note that, singing wine and revelry in verse, D. Davydov in this respect was somewhat poetic.

Here, for example, is “The Song of the Old Hussar”. At first glance, the author yearns here for those times when the hussars at the feast "not saying a word" indulged in endless libations. However, in fact, the reproach “Zhomini da Jomini” (denoting the name of a famous general and military historian) was more suitable for D. Davydov himself than “hussarism”, described with exaggeration in the first lines.

– What is typical for D. Davydov's poems? What is the theme of his poetry?

- You have handout No. 1 on your tables with the statements of famous people about Davydov. What can be said about this person as a person?

Nearly a century and a half has passed, but the most noble personality, original poems and military-patriotic works of D. Davydov have not been forgotten. Not forgotten is his friendship with him, who devoted many poems to the partisan poet, from whom he learned a lot. And it was Davydov (as Pushkin once said) who helped him find his own way into the poetic era.

There are beautiful lines of Yaroslav Smelyakov, a famous poet:

In the morning, putting your foot in the stirrup -
Ah, what a blessing! -
You are currently
Managed to jump.

And it is true. The poems of this wonderful poet have survived to our times, and will live for many years, leaving the memory of the one who left them to us as a legacy.

Student messages.

Another staff captain Alexander Figner, fluent in French, collected information behind enemy lines, including in captured Moscow. (Here Figner even intended to kill Napoleon). Bold raids on the rear of the enemy were carried out by detachments of officers Seslavin and Doronov.

Peasant partisans Yermolai Chetvertakov and G. Kurin inflicted great damage on the enemy. The soldier Chetvertakov was captured in one of the battles, soon fled and led a partisan detachment numbering more than 4 thousand people. was even bigger.

The peasants also created many small detachments. The headman Vasilisa Kozhina, who led a detachment of teenagers and women, gained fame.

“The guerrillas destroyed the great army piecemeal. They picked up those fallen leaves that fell by themselves from the withered tree of the French army,” he wrote. During the month of their stay in Moscow, the French troops lost about 30 thousand people.

And the Russian army during the weeks spent in the Tarushinsky camp was replenished with new guns. The whole country, all the peoples of Russia helped the army. Every day, people's militias were created. Every day spent in the camp, Kutuzov called the Golden Day

War and woman are incompatible concepts. War has no feminine face. But in harsh times, women could not stand aside.

Literature teacher.

One of the works dedicated to the heroism of the Russian people in the war of 1812 is “ Notes of a cavalry girl”. They were written by a legendary woman - an officer.

She was born in September 1783. His father was a hussar captain, his mother was the daughter of a wealthy landowner. She married for love, having run away from her parents' house. Dreamed of a son. But the firstborn was a girl who immediately became an unloved child. “I was very strong and cheerful, but only incredibly noisy. One day my mother was in a very bad temper. I kept her up all night; went on a hike at dawn. Mama was about to fall asleep in the carriage, but I began to cry again. This overwhelmed my mother's annoyance, she lost her temper and, snatching me from the hands of the girl, threw me out the window! The hussars screamed in horror, jumped off their horses and lifted me up, all bloody and showing no sign of life. To everyone's surprise, I came back to life. Father... said to my mother: “Thank God that you are not a murderer! Our daughter is alive, but I will not hand her over to you, I will take care of her myself.”

From that moment on, the father gave the girl to the care of his batman Astakhov. In the morning, the uncle put his pupil on his shoulders, walked with her to the regimental stable, entertained the girl with various military techniques. Mother was ashamed of her "hussar girl", showered abuse, often punished, tried to re-educate. Nothing happened. At night, Nadia somehow climbed onto the back of her father's Alcides and galloped away into the field, clutching her mane with her hands.

“Perhaps I would have forgotten all my hussar habits if my mother had not presented me in the most bleak way the fate of a woman. She spoke to me in the most offensive terms about the fate of the female sex: a woman, in her opinion, should be born, live and die in slavery; that woman is full of weaknesses, devoid of all perfections, and incapable of anything; that a woman is the most unfortunate, most insignificant and most contemptible creature in the world! My head was spinning from this description: I decided, even if it cost me my life, to separate from the floor, which, as I thought, was under the curse of God ... ”.

One day, seeing a Cossack regiment passing through their Sarapul, Nadya cut off a long scythe with her father's saber, saddled Alkid and caught up with the Cossack regiment. She posed as Alexander Durov and begged the colonel to accept her temporarily into the Cossack regiment. As part of the Lithuanian Lancers Regiment, she entered the Patriotic War of 1812. At the head of her squadron, she participated in the battles near Smolensk, near the Koltsky Monastery, in the famous Battle of Borodino.

After a shell shock, he serves as an orderly at Kutuzov. The caring field marshal insisted that she take a vacation and go home for treatment. After ten years of military service, Durova retired in the blue of a staff captain and a pension of one thousand rubles a year.

Living in Yelabuga, she took up the writer's pen. Readers were amazed to see that the tender fingers that once gripped the hilt of the lancer's saber also own the pen. Denis Davydov, a glorious partisan of the war of 1812 and a strict critic, wrote about Durova’s novel like this: “It seems that Pushkin himself gave her his prose pen, and she owes him this courageous firmness and strength, this bright expressiveness of his story, always full, imbued with some kind of hidden thought.

The last years of Durova's life were spent in Yelabuga. She had few close friends. She didn't like talking about her past. She was also cold to her literary glory. She died on March 21, 1866 at the age of 83. She was buried with military honors.

The Napoleonic army felt in Moscow as in a besieged fortress. Three times Napoleon tried to start negotiations with Alexander I and Kutuzov, but failed. Napoleon decided to leave Moscow and move the remnants of the army to the unravaged south of Russia. Before leaving, he ordered the Kremlin, St. Basil's Cathedral and other national shrines to be blown up. It was only thanks to the dedication of the Russian patriots that this plan was thwarted.

Movie - part 2.

On October 6, the French left Moscow, but the strengthened and numerically increased Russian army stood in their way. Russian troops inflicted a defeat on the French near Tarutino... The small town changed hands 8 times. The Russian army tightly closed the road to Kaluga. This battle forced the French command to change the path of further retreat of the French army and turn to the devastated Smolensk road.

Kutuzov organized the pursuit of the retreating French troops. The enemy suffered heavy losses. The retreat became more and more disorderly. An early and harsh winter turned the French army into an uncontrollable, hungry and shabby crowd. When crossing the Berezina River, Napoleon lost another 30 thousand of his soldiers.

Only the miserable remnants of the “great army” managed to cross the border. The emperor himself, leaving his troops, fled to Paris with the words: “There is no more army!”

Do you think Russia should have continued the war after the expulsion of Napoleon from its borders?

At the end of 1812, Field Marshal General reported to the Tsar: “ The war ended with the complete annihilation of the enemy". On December 25, Alexander I issued a manifesto about the expulsion of the enemy from Russia and the end of the Patriotic War.

The meaning of the Patriotic War of 1812 and the reasons for the victories

What is the significance of the victory of the Russian army? (the myth of the invincibility of Napoleon's army). Using the materials of today's lesson, show that the war of 1812 was Patriotic. Why did they win the Patriotic War? How did you manage to do it? Who can you call a patriot? Do you agree with the opinion of the historian Tarle about the main reason for the defeat of Napoleon in Russia? What are the main reasons for winning in your opinion?

Conclusion: In the war of 1812, the Russian army showed its best qualities: steadfastness, courage, bravery. All participants in the war were awarded medals. The order for the army said: “Each of you is worthy to wear this sign, a venerable sign, this evidence of labor, courage and participation in glory, for all of you equally bore the burden and lived with unanimous courage.”

The protagonist is the people who have risen to defend the state independence and national freedom of their great Motherland.

This war contributed to the growth of national self-awareness of people.

Summarizing.

Heroes of the War of 1812

R. Bagration

In 1812, with the rank of colonel of the Life Guards Hussars, he was in the army of Tormasov. He was promoted to major general for distinction in the battle of Gorodechnaya.

From the Georgian family of Bagratid kings, brother of P.I.Bagration. Recorded as a Reiter in the L.-Gds. Horse regiment April 16, 1790. Active service began on April 16, 1796 as a "cadet" in the retinue of Count V.A. Zubov. On May 10, 1796, he was promoted to ensign with enrollment in the Kuban Chasseur Corps. In 1796 he participated in the capture of Derbent, transferred to the cornet. On April 25, 1802, he was transferred as a lieutenant to the Life Guards. Hussar Regiment (Life-Hussar).

In 1809 and 1810, being a volunteer in the Danube (until 1812 - Moldavian) army, he fought with the Turks. Promoted to colonel on November 26, 1810.

In 1812 he was assigned to the Alexandria Hussar Regiment, with whom, as part of the 3rd Army of Tormasov, he took part in hostilities in the southern direction. Fought near Kobrin, Brest and Gorodechno. In 1813 he distinguished himself at Bautzen and on May 21 received the rank of major general.

In 1832 he was sent to Abkhazia, where he fell ill with a fever, from which he died. He was buried in Tiflis in the church of St. David.

D. Davydov

The son of the commander of the Poltava Light Horse Regiment, Brigadier Davydov, who served under the command of Suvorov, Denis Davydov was born on July 17, 1784 in Moscow. His clan, according to family tradition, goes back to Murza Minchak Kasaevich (baptized Simeon), who entered Moscow at the beginning of the 15th century.

The Patriotic War begins. Davydov enters the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment as a lieutenant colonel, commands the 1st battalion thereof to Borodino; [Then the hussar regiments consisted of two battalions; each battalion consisted of five squadrons in peacetime and four squadrons in war time. Having given the first thought about the benefits of partisan action, he sets off with a party of hussars and Cossacks (130 horsemen) behind enemy lines, in the middle of his carts, teams and reserves; he acts against them for ten days in a row and, reinforced by six hundred new Cossacks, fights several times in the vicinity and under the walls of Vyazma. He shares the glory with Count Orlov-Denisov, Figner and Seslavin near Lyakhov, breaks a three thousandth cavalry depot near Belynichi and continues his cheerful and stray searches to the banks of the Neman. Near Grodno, he attacked the 4,000-strong detachment of Freilich, composed of Hungarians. Here is what a contemporary writes about these events: “Davydov is a hussar in his soul and a lover of their natural drink; behind the sound of sabers, glasses rattled and - our city!

Here fortune turns to him backwards. Davydov appears before the face of General Vintsengerode and enters under his command. He grovels with him through Poland, Silesia and enters Saxony. No more patience! Davydov rushed forward and occupied half of the city of Dresden, defended by the corps of Marshal Davout. For such insolence, he was deprived of command and exiled to the main apartment.

The justice of the patron king was the shield of the unprotected. Davydov again appears in the field stolen from him, in which he continues to operate as far as the banks of the Rhine.

In France, he commands the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment in the Blucher army. After the Battle of Craon, in which all the generals of the 2nd Hussar Division (now the 3rd) were killed or wounded, he controls the entire division for two days, and then a brigade made up of hussar regiments, the same Akhtyrsky and Belorussian, with which he passes through Paris. For distinction in the battle of Brienne (Larotiere), he is promoted to major general.

In 1839, when in connection with the 25th anniversary of the victory over Napoleon, the grand opening of the monument on the Borodino field was being prepared, Denis Davydov suggested the idea of ​​transferring the ashes of Bagration there. Davydov's proposal was accepted, and he was to accompany the coffin of Bagration, whose memory he revered, but on April 23, a few months before the Borodino celebrations, he suddenly died in the village of Upper Maza, Syzran district, Simbirsk province.

I. Dorokhov

Dorokhov was the son of a second major who had retired "because of the wounds" received in the first Turkish war. He was educated in the Artillery and Engineering Corps, after graduating in 1787 he was released into the Smolensk Infantry Regiment, which was part of the Potemkin army operating against the Turks. In 1788, the Smolensk regiment was included in the Suvorov corps, and under the command of the great commander Dorokhov participated in the battle near Focsani. During the famous battle of Rymnik, he was with Suvorov, acting as an officer in the "quartermine", that is, the operational part of the corps. In the report on the Rymkin victory, Suvorov especially noted among the officers "useful" to him "Lieutenant of the Smolensk Regiment Ivan Dorokhov, who, according to his knowledge, was especially needed under the Chief Quartermaster." In his presentation to Potemkin about rewarding officers who distinguished themselves under Foksani and Rymnik, Suvorov wrote about Dorokhov, who was "acquired" under him, that he was "zealous for service, agile and fearless." For the difference in these battles, Dorohov was promoted to captain and was soon transferred to the Phanagoria Grenadier Regiment, beloved by the commander..

At the beginning of World War II, Dorokhov commanded the vanguard of the 4th Infantry Corps in the army of Barclay de Tolly. When the army retreated from the western border, Dorokhov's detachment, which consisted of 3 cavalry, 2 chasseur regiments and a company of light artillery, forgot to send an order to retreat. When he was finally received, the detachment, standing halfway between Grodno and Vilna, was cut off from the 1st Army and Dorokhov went to connect with the 2nd Army of Bagration. Having sent patrols in all directions, and destroying enemy patrols, he, skillfully maneuvering, avoided a collision with the main forces of the French army. This difficult march lasted almost 2 weeks. Part of the cavalrymen walked on foot, giving their horses under the satchels of the infantrymen, who were exhausted from the forced transitions, the strongest huntsmen - soldiers and officers - carried the guns of their weakened comrades. Finally, on June 26, Dorokhov's detachment "opened communication" with Bagration's army and joined its rearguard, retaining all of its artillery, the baggage train and losing no more than 60 people in skirmishes and stragglers.

In the battles near Smolensk, Dorokhov was wounded, but remained in the ranks. Then, right up to Borodin, he commanded the rearguard cavalry, which was led by Konovitsyn, being his closest assistant. Dorokhov almost daily participated in battles with the French avant-garde, which often escalated into fierce battles.

In the battle of Borodino, Dorohov, at the head of a cavalry division, was sent to help Bagration in the midst of the battle. With a bold counterattack, acting, according to Kutuzov, with "excellent courage", he threw back the French cavalry from Bagration's flushes. For his distinction near Borodino, Dorokhov was promoted to lieutenant general.

During the movement from Borodino to Moscow, Dorokhov was invariably in the forefront, covering the withdrawal of the Russian army. Immediately after the resignation of Moscow, even before the arrival of the army in Tarutino, Kutuzov assigned Dorokhov a separate detachment for partisan operations, consisting of dragoon, hussar and 3 Cossack regiments with 2 horse guns. Separated from the army, Dorokhov went out with his detachment to the Smolensk road and from September 6 to 15 delivered a number of sensitive blows to the French - he defeated 4 cavalry regiments, captured several convoys, and blew up an artillery park of 60 charging boxes. When, by order of Napoleon, strong detachments were sent from Moscow against Dorokhov, he avoided an unequal battle and returned to the army on September 15, bringing with him five hundred thousand, including 48 officers.

One of Dorokhov's most famous operations was the capture of the city of Vereya. Lying 110 km from Moscow, between the Kaluga and Smolensk roads, this county town was occupied by an enemy garrison. Vereya, an ancient fortified city near Moscow, is located on a high hill, which the French surrounded with an earthen rampart with a palisade. The enemy troops stationed in Vereya greatly hampered the actions of partisan detachments southwest of Moscow. Kutuzov instructed Dorokhov to capture the city, placing at his disposal 2 infantry battalions, 4 squadrons of hussars and several hundred Cossacks.

On September 26, Dorokhov set out from the Tarutinsky camp. Approaching Vereya, he posted cavalry detachments on the roads leading to Moscow and Mozhaisk, and on the night of September 29, secretly, with the help of local residents, approached the city with infantry. Dorokhov ordered to storm the city without a single shot and shouts of "Hurray" and before dawn, the battalions silently removed the enemy pickets and broke into Vereya. The enemy tried to resist, gunfire crackled in the streets, but in half an hour it was all over. Dorokhov's detachment captured about 400 privates, 15 officers, including the commandants of the garrison, a banner, over 500 guns and stocks of flour requisitioned in nearby villages. Enemy weapons were immediately distributed to the inhabitants of Vereya and the peasants, to whom Dorokhoval appealed, urging them to "arm themselves to exterminate the villains."

Dorokhov's report to Kutuzov was brief: "By order of Your Lordship, the city of Vereya was taken by storm this date." Kutuzov announced this "excellent and brave feat" in an order for the army. Later, Dorokhov was awarded a gold sword, decorated with diamonds, with the inscription: "For the liberation of Vereya."

Upon his return to the Tarutinsky camp, he received the task of operating in the area of ​​the New Kaluga road, protecting the left wing of the Russian army, and on October 9 he reported to Kutuzov about the appearance of enemy detachments on this road. Dokhturov's corps was advanced in front of them. In the battle that followed a few days later near Maloyaroslavets, when the battle had already subsided, Dorokhov was wounded by a bullet in the leg. The wound was so severe that he never returned to duty.

At the beginning of 1815, Dorokhov died in Tula and, according to his will, was buried in the Nativity Cathedral in the city of Vereya, on the square of which a monument was erected to him.

V. Madatov

At the beginning of the last century, Madatov was glorified as one of the most brilliant cavalry commanders. According to a contemporary, he was in the Russian army what Marshal Murat was in the Napoleonic army.

He was born in Karabakh, the eastern outskirts of Armenia, in the family of a petty sovereign prince. One of the Karabakh elders took the teenager Madatov with him to St. Petersburg, where he went to ask for the protection of the Christian population of Karabakh from the raids of Muslim neighbors. In St. Petersburg, Madatov expressed a desire to join the Russian military service, but his request was not immediately granted. He had already set off with his patron on a long return trip, when, by a lucky chance, Paul I remembered the young mountaineer who wanted to serve in the Russian troops, and ordered him to be returned to the capital.

Fifteen-year-old Madatov was enrolled as a sword-ensign in the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, but was soon transferred to the Pavlovsk Grenadier, and then to one of the army infantry regiments. Deprived of influential connections, Madatov had no chance to advance. For more than 10 years he served in junior officer ranks.

By the beginning of World War II, Madatov commanded a battalion of the Alexandria Hussars, transferred from the banks of the Danube to Volhynia and became part of the 3rd Western Army. In the first battle near Kobrin, Madatov, at the head of a separate cavalry detachment, defeated the Saxon cavalry, who were forced to lay down their arms. In all subsequent battles in this theater of operations, he invariably led the forward detachments during the offensive and covered our infantry rearguard during the withdrawal.

When the flight of the Napoleonic army from Russia began, Madatov and his Alexandrians took an active part in the pursuit and extermination of the enemy. After the French had crossed the Berezina, he was ordered to get ahead of the enemy columns, to destroy the bridges in the way of their flight, and to slow down their movement in every possible way. Madatov brilliantly fulfilled this task, capturing hundreds and thousands of prisoners daily and tirelessly pursuing the enemy all the way to Vilna. For these battles, he was promoted to colonel and awarded a gold saber adorned with diamonds with the inscription: "For bravery."

Among other advanced units of the Russian army, Madatov's regiment crossed the Neman at the end of December and took part in the battle of Kalisz. The Saxon troops were defeated, and Madatov, who captured the column of General Nostitz, was awarded the St. George Cross of the 3rd degree.

Madatov was promoted to major general after the battle near Leipzig, during which, wounded in the arm, he did not dismount until the end of the battle. The whole army knew about his courage and extraordinary speed of action. Denis Davydov, who knew a lot about such things, called Madatov, with whom he happened to fight side by side on the fields of Germany, "an unbelievably fearless general."

Still not fully recovered from his wound, Madatov returned to the army at the time of the solemn entry of Russian troops into Paris. Appointed commander of a hussar brigade, he was left in France in 1815 as part of the Russian occupation corps, but was soon recalled and appointed to the Caucasus as the head of the troops stationed in the Karabakh khanate, and then the troops stationed in the neighboring Shirvan and Nukhin khanates.

In 1826 Madatov was promoted to lieutenant general. He finished his military activity where he started - on the Danube, where he was transferred in the spring of 1828. Commanding separate detachments, he forced the surrender of the Turkish fortresses of Isakcha and Girsovo and undertook reconnaissance operations in the foothills of the Balkans. When Varna fell, its garrison received permission to leave without weapons for the Balkans. Exhausted by a long siege, hungry, dressed in rags, the Turks were drawn in crowds along the autumn roads to the south and died by the hundreds on the way. Madatov ordered fires to be made on the roads at night, sent teams to pick up the sick and weakened; the soldiers of his detachment shared bread with them. The last brilliant military feat of Madatov was an attack on horseback and the capture of Turkish redoubts near Shumla.

In the summer of 1829, Russian troops began to cross the Balkans, but Madatov did not have to participate in them - the 3rd corps, whose cavalry he commanded, was left under the besieged Shumla to monitor its garrison.

After the occupation of Andrianople by Russian troops, Turkey recognized itself as defeated. On September 2, a peace treaty was signed, and on September 4, Madatov died - he died of a long-standing pulmonary disease, which sharply worsened due to overwork and hardships of camp life. The garrison of Shumla, which remained in the hands of the Turks, opened the gates of the fortress to make it possible to bury Madatov in the city's Christian cemetery. A few years later, the ashes of Madatov were transported to Russia.

Alexander Khristoforovich was born on June 23, 1783 in St. Petersburg in the family of a nobleman. He was educated at the Jesuit school of Abbé Nokol. In 1798, Benckendorff began military service with the rank of non-commissioned officer of the Semyonovsky regiment. Already in December 1798 he became an aide-de-camp of Paul the first with the rank of ensign. In 1803-1804, he was a participant in military operations in the Caucasus under the leadership of Tsitsianov. For distinction in the battles for Ganja, as well as in battles with the Lezgins, he was awarded the orders of St. Anna of the fourth degree and St. Vladimir of the fourth degree.

The Patriotic War of 1812 left many feats of various people in Russian history. Among the heroes of 1812 there are both simple peasant partisans, soldiers, officers, and even the Russian clergy. Now we will talk about the Russian priest Vasily Vasilkovsky.

Our hero was born in 1778. In 1804 he graduated from the theological seminary, became a priest and was sent to serve in the Elias Church in the city of Sumy. The life of a priest was not easy. His wife died, the father was left alone with his young son. In the summer of 1810, Vasilkovsky was appointed regimental shepherd of the 19th Jaeger Regiment. The head of the regiment, Colonel Zagorsky, could not get enough of the new priest, noted his excellent education. Vasilkovsky was strong in physics, mathematics, history, geography, he knew several foreign languages. In general, he was a talented and versatile person.

By the Patriotic War of 1812, Stepan Balabin already had considerable combat experience:from 1778, that is, from the year of his entry into the service, and to 1785fought with "non-peaceful" highlanders for the Kuban. Participated in militaryexpeditions, in the protection of the state border, which passed alonglines of Russian fortifications in the North Caucasus. Was well acquaintedwith a camping life.

Stepan Fedorovich took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791 and received the rank of centurion for military distinctions. He distinguished himself in the battle on the Kinburn Spit, in which the Janissary troops were almost completely destroyed by the Suvorov troops. He courageously and courageously accepted the battle, participating in hand-to-hand combat.

Stepan Fedorovich took part in the battles for the Bendery fortress in the GZD year, one of the strongest strongholds of the Ottoman Port in the Northern Black Sea region. Then the Don Cossack received a saber wound in the shoulder, but remained in the regimental formation.

On the attack of the impregnable Ishmael in 1790, he went in the Cossack assault column already in the rank of centurion. Then he was shot in the leg. The Cossack officer was awarded the Golden Cross “For Ishmael”, which was awarded to those who distinguished themselves by order of Empress Catherine II on the St. In the same year, Stepan Fedorovich received the rank of army lieutenant.

The baptism of fire for Mikhail Arseniev occurred in the wars against Napoleonic France. His regiment for valor in the battle of Austerlitz received the standards of a special sample "For Distinction" with a ribbon of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called and the inscription "For the capture of the enemy banner at Austerlitz." Then the cavalry guards distinguished themselves in attacks on the fields of Gutstadt and Friedland. The chief of the regiment was Tsesarevich (heir to the throne) Konstantin Pavlovich.

In August 1807, Mikhail Arseniev was granted the rank of colonel of the guard. His service went well, and in March 1812 he was appointed commander of the Life Guards Horse Regiment, with whom he entered the Patriotic War. Regiment, in which there are four squadrons; 39 officers, 742 lower ranks, was part of the 1st Cuirassier Division of the 5th Infantry Corps.

The Life Guards Cavalry Regiment became one of the heroes of Borodin's day, being among those troops who courageously defended the center of the Russian position. When Emperor Napoleon finally decided to break the resistance of the enemy army at any cost, he ordered the entire mass of his cavalry to break through the center of its location. French and Saxon warriors began to deliver "ramming" blows.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Raevsky - famous Russian commander, hero of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Nikolai Raevsky was born on September 14, 1771, in the city of Moscow. Nikolai was a sickly boy.

Raevsky was raised by his mother's parents, he spent a lot of time in their house. Here he was educated, knew French perfectly.

Nikolai Raevsky began his service in the Russian army in 1786, at the age of 14, in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment.

A year later, in 1787, the war with Turkey began. Raevsky sends to the theater of military operations as a volunteer. Nikolai was assigned to the active Russian army, to the Cossack detachment, under the command of Orlov.

During the Turkish war of 1787-1791, Raevsky showed himself to be a brave and courageous warrior, participated in many difficult battles of that military campaign.

In 1792 he was granted the rank of colonel in the Russian army. For participation in the Russian-Polish war of 1792, Raevsky was awarded the Order of St. George of the fourth degree and the Order of St. Vladimir of the fourth degree.

Matvey Ivanovich Platov is a famous Russian military commander, a participant in many campaigns, one of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

He was born in 1751, in the village of Starocherkasskaya, in the family of a military foreman. Matvey Ivanovich received the usual primary education, and at the age of 13 he entered the military service.

At the age of 19 he went to the first war in his life with Turkey. In battles with the Turks, he showed bravery and courage, for which he was promoted to captain of the Russian army, became the commander of the Cossack hundreds.

The war continued - new battles, new exploits, new successes. Platov became a military foreman, commanded a regiment. But he was still very young, he was just over 20 years old.

In 1774, Matvey Ivanovich became famous in the Russian army. His soldiers were surrounded by the Crimean Khan, accompanied by transport convoys.

Platov set up camp, erected fortifications, and managed to repulse several dashing attacks of the enemy. Reinforcements soon arrived. After this event, he was awarded a gold medal.

Ivan Ivanovich Dibich is a famous Russian commander, one of the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Unfortunately, few people know the name of Dibich today, although there is one very remarkable fact in the biography of this remarkable person.

Ivan Dibich full cavalier Orders of St. George, and there are only four of them in Russian history - Kutuzov, Barclay de Tolly, Paskevich and Dibich.

Ivan Ivanovich Dibich was the son of a Prussian army officer who entered the Russian service. Dibich was born in the spring of 1785 in Silesia, where he grew up.

Ivan Ivanovich received his education in the Berlin Cadet Corps. During his studies, Dibich proved himself to be an outstanding personality.

In 1801, Dibich's father achieved serious success in the service in the Russian army, becoming a lieutenant general. At the same time, the father attaches his son to the Semenovsky Life Guards Regiment, in the rank of ensign.

Soon a series of wars broke out with Napoleonic France. Ivan Dibich received his first combat experience on the battlefields near Austerlitz.

The battle of Asterlitz was lost, but the courage and stamina of the Russian soldiers and officers in this battle could only be envied.

There are many examples in Russian history when women, on an equal footing with men, defended Russia from the hordes of the enemy with weapons in their hands.

It will be about a simple Russian woman - Nadezhda Andreevna Durova, who devoted her life to serving the Motherland.

The name of Nadezhda Durova is also reflected in art. In the film "Hussar Ballad" there is the heroine Shura Azarova, who, with the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, went to fight the French. The image of Shura was written off from Durova.

Nadezhda Andreevna was born in 1783 in Kiev. Her father, Andrei Durov, was an officer in the Russian army.

Mother Anastasia Alexandrovna was the daughter of a Ukrainian landowner. When she was 16, she unconsciously fell in love with Andrei and, without the permission of her parents, married an officer. Ivan Paskevich is a significant figure in Russian history. He was able, with his sweat and blood, to make a glorious path from an unknown warrior to one of the most authoritative and significant people v Russian Empire.

Ivan Fedorovich was born in 1782, in a family of noble Belarusian and Ukrainian nobles who lived in Poltava. Ivan had four younger brothers, who, like him, later became famous and respected people.

The brothers should be grateful to their grandfather, who in 1793 took his grandchildren to the capital of the Russian Empire. Two brothers Stepan and Ivan were enrolled in the Corps of Pages.

Ivan Fedorovich becomes the personal page of Emperor Paul I. Soon, having the rank of lieutenant of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, he was promoted to the adjutant wing.

The first military campaign in which Paskevich participated was Russian-Turkish war 1806-1812. He was an adjutant to the commanders-in-chief of the Russian army, changing like gloves.He was the son of a court councilor who lived in the Tver Governorate of the Russian Empire. Born in 1780. And his role model has always been Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov.

The future hero received military skills in the Artillery and Engineering Gentry Cadet Corps, and four of his brothers were trained there.

After graduation, Alexander Nikitich served in horse artillery, and participated in the wars with France and Turkey. In them, he showed himself as a brave warrior of the Russian Land.

He received his first baptism of fire in 1807 in battles with the armies of Napoleon. For the courage shown in the battle of Heilsberg, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir. In the same battle, he receives a bullet wound.