LED lamps gradually began to replace all other lighting devices due to their efficiency and brightness of the luminous flux. That is, by all indicators, today this is the best option, especially when it comes to street lighting. It is no secret that manufacturers today offer a large selection in terms of street lighting fixtures, there are not only single light sources, but even spotlights, which are responsible for illuminating a large area. Hence the frequently asked question, how does a 10W LED spotlight shine?

The essence of the question is not whether the lighting is of high quality or not. It's all about power. That is, how much such a spotlight is enough to illuminate a certain area. More precisely, moving away at what distance from a 10 W lighting device, you can feel comfortable at night.

Unit

To understand the situation, it is necessary to understand such physical terms as lumen and lux. Let's start with the fact that illumination is measured in lux. Do not delve into this value, the purpose of the article is not this. The main thing to understand is that for each room there are recommended values ​​​​of this indicator that provide comfort in them. Therefore, in the analysis of the effective illumination of a 10W LED spotlight, this will be the starting point.

To understand how much luxury a person needs, let's give a few examples.

• Reading requires 200-300.
• The gym should have 200.
• The full moon is 0.27.

Now let's move on to lumens. This is a completely different value that determines the amount of light emitted. That is, this value determines the brightness. Therefore, there is a certain relationship between the two indicators. It is defined by this formula:

1 lux=1 lumen/m²

Now for lighting at night. It is believed that the optimal illumination at night should be 10 lux. This exceeds the illumination of the moon by 35 times. Since we are talking about a 10 w LED spotlight, we need to calculate the effective glow for it. Everything will depend on how many lumens the LEDs installed in this lighting fixture emit. For ease of calculation, let's take that for 1 W of lamp power there are 100 lumens of its brightness.

It turns out that to provide comfortable street lighting at night, you need an LED spotlight that emits 1000 lumens. Everything is clear here: 10 W multiplied by 100 lumens. But we need 10 lux (don't get confused by the numbers). To get them, you need to divide the brightness of the LEDs by the illuminated area, which is easily determined by dividing lumens by lux. That is, 1000 lumens divided by 10 lux, we get 100 m². This means that a 10-watt LED spotlight can provide lighting for the calculated area, while it will be comfortable on the street.

There is another dimensional indicator on which the quality of lighting depends. This is the distance from the light source to the point in the area where the brightness will be 10 lux. To calculate it, you need to use the formula:

• R=5.65√W/L, where
• W- power, in our case 10W;
• L - illumination.

And since some models have a beam opening angle of 120 degrees, it is clear that a spherical light spot is formed at this distance. Its area can be calculated using this formula:

Why is it necessary to determine the distance "R"? Typically, lighting devices of this type are installed somewhere at a height, thus providing illumination of the territory. So R defines this height. In our case, R = 5.65 m. If you hang an LED spotlight at such a height, it will provide 10 lux for an area of ​​100 m². That is, our calculations are correct, because we have come to where we started.

Attention! Currently, manufacturers offer various models of 10W LED spotlights. Therefore, when calculating the illumination, it is necessary to take into account the design features of the lamp.

If for conventional LED spotlights a factor of 5.65 is used in the calculation, then for luminaires with lenses, a factor of 10.67 will have to be taken for calculation, plus an additional reduction factor of 0.25 is also included in the definition of the lighting area. That is, the formulas will now look like this:

• R=10.67√W/L.
• S=0.25*πR².

The thing is that in spotlights with lenses, the angle of dispersion of the light beam is only 60 degrees. Hence the reduction in the coverage area, but the range of illumination increases. If we compare both options, then we can say that the second (with a lens) will have to be installed at a distance twice as large as with the first. In this case, the area covered by light they will be the same. Of course, if the power of the two lamps is the same.

The transition to more economical lighting schemes without power loss has made the so-called super-bright LEDs from 10W quite popular. The LED has several uses, but there are some nuances to consider when designing a circuit using it.

Characteristics of 10 W LEDs

Devices with the same power can differ significantly from each other. Manufacturers produce devices for various purposes, so it is worth considering in more detail the main parameters:

• light temperature. A 10 watt LED can cover the entire range of 2300-10000 K or work only in a certain part of it. This parameter is responsible for the hue of the glow (yellowish white, warm white, bright white and cool white). At the same time, LEDs marked t10 (automotive) are usually designed for the last 2 segments.
• Color rendering index.
• Working hours. LEDs with a power of 10 watts can work 50-150 thousand hours.
• Angle of glow (scattering). Application dependent; 100-150 degrees is enough for spotlights, automotive lighting marked t10 is designed for 360 degrees. In essence, now there is no need for all kinds of lenses and reflectors, since at a power of 10w the LEDs have a rather large glow angle.
• Operating temperature range. Not only where the 10w LED can be installed depends on this parameter. The upper temperature limit is very important when selecting radiators that protect the device from premature overheating and breakdowns. In modern devices, it reaches up to 100 degrees.
• The storage temperature of 10W LEDs lies within 40~+100°C.
• The size of devices is usually measured in mm.
• Design. Depending on the purpose, 10w LEDs can be made in several variations. Automotive t10 lamps can also vary in size (base types are also measured in mm). Ordinary 10 watt LEDs can stand on an aluminum "star". Such a platform has patches for wires and cutouts for connecting to a radiator.

LEDs for the car (base t10)

LED lamps with a power of 10w can find several applications (interior lighting, license plates, trunk lighting), but most often they are installed as parking lights. Despite the fact that LEDs are rightly considered more reliable than incandescent lamps, some difficulties can be encountered when installing them in a t10 base.

It is worth considering the following factors:

• the structure must be protected from the influence of vibrations;
• heat sources significantly affect the performance of car lamps with a power of 10w;
• The LED can significantly lose brightness if used improperly.

Circuits on 10-watt LED lamps

The scope of the devices also depends on their power, which in this case is 10 t. Light-emitting diode this type may be called super-bright and is used in the development of bright flashlights or searchlights. The complexity of the application is to properly ensure the cooling of the device. To do this, you should correctly calculate the reflector area (at least 100 mm²) and its minimum cross-sectional thickness (about 4-6 mm), which is also true for LED matrices with a power of 10 watts or more.

In general, a 10w LED has its own characteristics, and its installation is not always advisable, but at the same time, one cannot but note a significant gain in brightness, especially in comparison with 60-100w bulbs and space savings of hundreds of mm (which is sometimes very significant). ).

In 1882, the British Science Association decided to start using a new unit of measurement called the watt. What is it used for today, what is it equal to and by what formula can it be calculated? Let's find answers to all these questions.

Watt is a unit of what?

Since that fateful year, when the British introduced the tradition of using the watt, gradually the whole world began to switch to it, replacing the obsolete and impractical horsepower. With the advent of the SI system, it was introduced into it and began to be used everywhere.

So, what physical quantity has a unit of measure "watt"? Recall the lessons of physics: the correct answer to this question is power.

The watt got its name in honor of its "father" - the Scot James Watt. In abbreviation, this unit is always written with a capital letter - W (W - according to the international standards of the SI system), and in full - with a small "watt" (watt).

Being not a basic, but a derived unit (according to the SI standard), the unit in question is dependent on the meter, kilogram and second. In practice, this means that one watt is the power at which one joule of work is done in one second of time. That is, the following dependence is obtained: 1W \u003d 1J / 1s \u003d 1N x m / s \u003d kg x m 2 / s 3 \u003d kg x m 2 x s -3.

In addition to those listed above, the watt is associated with non-system units. For example, with calories. So 1 W = 859.845227858985 cal/hour. This ratio is important when it comes to calculating the amount of heat generated by an electric heater.

Formula

So watt is a unit of power. Let's look at the formula by which it can be calculated.

As mentioned above, power depends on work and time. The following formula is obtained: P = A / t (power is equal to the quotient of dividing the work by the time).

Knowing that the work formula is: A \u003d F x S (where F is force, S is distance), you can use these data.

As a result, we obtain the formula: P \u003d F x S / t. And since S / t is the speed (V), then the power can also be calculated like this: P \u003d F x V

Interdependence of ampere, watt, volt

The unit of measurement that we are considering is in direct relation to such quantities as voltage (measured in volts) and current strength (measured in amperes).

1 watt is the power of direct electric current at a voltage of 1 V and a force of 1 A.

In the form of a formula, it looks like this: P \u003d I x U.

Watts, kilowatts, megawatts and microwatts

Having learned that a watt is a unit of power, on what quantities it depends and by what formulas it is easier to calculate it, you should pay attention to such concepts as kilowatts, megawatts and microwatts.

Since W is a very modest value (such is the transmitter power of any mobile phone), it is more common to use kilowatts (kW) in the electric power industry.

Judging by the prefix “kilo”, standard for the SI system, we can conclude that 1 kW \u003d 1000 W \u003d 10 3 W. Therefore, to convert watts to kilowatts, you just need to divide their number by a thousand, or vice versa, if kilowatts are converted to watts.

For example, a typical passenger car has a power of 60,000 watts. To translate this into kilowatts, you need to divide 60,000 by 1000 and the result is 60 kW.

Kilowatts are a common unit for measuring electrical power. In this case, a large multiple of the watt unit is sometimes used. We are talking about megawatt - MW. It is equal to 1,000,000 watts (10 6) or 1000 kilowatts (10 3).

For example, the British Eurostar electric train has a capacity of 12 megawatts. That is, it is 12,000,000 watts. No wonder it is the fastest in the UK.

Despite its modest size, sometimes this unit turns out to be too large for measuring the power of certain objects, therefore, along with multiples in the C system, submultiple watt units are distinguished. The most commonly used of these is the microwatt (µW is lowercase to avoid confusion with the megawatt). It is equal to one millionth of a watt (10 -6). Usually this unit is used when calculating the power of electrocardiographs.

In addition to the three above, there are about two dozen other multiples and submultiples of the watt. However, most often they are used in theoretical calculations, and not in practice.

watt hour

Considering the features of the watt (a unit of power), let's pay attention to the watt-hour (Wh). This term is used to measure such a quantity as energy (sometimes work is measured in watt-hours).

1 watt-hour is equal to the amount of work done in one hour at a power of 1 watt.

Since the unit in question is rather small, the kilowatt-hour (kWh) is more commonly used to measure electricity. It is equal to 1000 watt-hours or 3600 Ws.

Please note that the power generated by power plants is measured in kilowatts (sometimes megawatts), but for consumers, its amount is calculated in kilowatt-hours (less often in megawatt-hours when it comes to megacities or huge enterprises).

Please note that in addition to kilowatt-hours and megawatt-hours, watt-hours have exactly the same multiples and submultiples as a regular watt.

What device is called a wattmeter

Comparing the definition of a watt (a unit of power) and a watt-hour (a unit of energy or work), pay attention to such a device as a wattmeter (wattmeter, wattmeter). It is used to measure the active power of electric current.

A classic device of this kind consists of four contacts, two of which are used to connect the wattmeter to an electrical circuit in series with that part of it, the power consumption of which is currently being measured. The remaining two contacts are connected in parallel to it.

Wattmeters are usually created on the basis of electrodynamic mechanisms.

LED 10 W - is a powerful semiconductor device. The scope of its application is often not limited to lamps and spotlights. Also, the chip is very popular among those who like to make a device for lighting with their own hands.

Application area

10 W are widely used in various lighting devices. All areas can be conditionally divided into general and special purposes. The general purpose includes the operation of LEDs in lamps, lamps, spotlights, and the special purpose is the use for lighting in greenhouses and. The second option is the so-called, and not only. The trick is that the emission spectrum of this LED is optimal for plant growth, both on land and in water. And besides algae and fish, lighting with 10 watt LEDs has a positive effect on the development of corals, so aquarium lovers are frequent consumers of this radio component. All these wonderful properties are manifested in a certain combination of crystal colors. As for the use of the described semiconductor device for general-purpose lighting devices, in addition to household lamps, the LED is excellently used for the manufacture of headlights for a car, traffic lights, and road lighting.

LED design, options

The COB 10 W LED is a compact chip-on-board module. The fundamental difference from SMD is that several crystals are placed together on a board and covered with a common layer of phosphor. This significantly reduces the cost of the matrix. It consists of 9 crystals: three parallel chains with three crystals connected in series in each. Externally, LED 10 W may differ in the shape of the conductive substrate. For example, a firm's LED looks like the one shown in the figure. Its substrate has the shape of a star and is made of aluminum.

The body of the module is made of heat-resistant plastic, and the lens is made of epoxy resin. Classic LED 10 W looks like it is shown in the diagram, but in practice the overall dimensions vary depending on the manufacturer.

Do not forget that the LED is a polar element, so pay attention to the markings during installation. A prerequisite for the adequate functioning of the 10 W LED is the presence of a heat sink. You can organize it using an aluminum or copper radiator. Lubricate the LED substrate with thermally conductive paste or hot melt adhesive for better heat dissipation. Sometimes a cooler is additionally mounted, which provides air circulation to cool the radiator fins.

On the video you can see the test of the 10W LED and recommendations for connecting such an element. Here's what the 10W LED connection diagram should look like.

The power source can be a car battery, a computer power supply, or a specially purchased 12-volt source. In order to avoid overheating (despite the radiator) and protect the LED, it is imperative to connect it not directly to the source, but through any voltage regulator. The diagram shows the integrated voltage regulator LM-317, but you can use another one with suitable parameters. With the help of an ordinary roll and a resistor, you will provide yourself with guaranteed 12 V at the output and the current will not exceed 1 A, which is the key to the durability of your device.

Characteristics

The parameters of the 10-watt LED make it highly sought after in the super-bright LED line. The supply voltage ranges from 9 to 12 volts. The glow angle is 120° - the graph is shown below.

The rated forward current is 1 A, the pulsating forward current is up to 2 A. The luminous flux is in the range of 600-1080 lm. For comparison, a 75 W incandescent lamp corresponds to a glow of 935 lm. Thus, one can roughly estimate how bright the glow will be for a given semiconductor device. The reverse voltage is 50 V., depending on the manufacturer, 30-100 thousand hours. The operating temperature ranges from -30°C to 80°C. The color temperature of a 10W LED covers the spectrum from 2300K (warm white) to 10000K (cool white).

Manufacturers

The leaders in the production of high-power LEDs, such as LED 10 W, are dispersed in three parts of the world. Among them are the American company Cree (which we have already mentioned and demonstrated a sample of its products), the Japanese Nichia (a pioneer in the field of LED technology), as well as the German Osram (more known to the domestic buyer).

Branded LED products are more expensive than their noname counterparts, but no one guarantees quality in the second case.

Consider what features you will encounter when deciding to purchase Chinese cheap 10-watt LEDs. First, if you compare carefully, then 9 matrix crystals themselves are smaller than those of high-quality modules. This, of course, will affect the light output during their work. Secondly, the strong unevenness of the glow of each crystal. This is noticeable, however, only at a reduced current, but, nevertheless, this feature affects the degradation rate of the entire LED module.

10 watt fakes from China

In the picture you can see the uneven glow of the individual crystals of the module, and how it levels out with an increase in current. Thirdly, in low-quality LEDs, the conductors connecting the crystals are very thin, and can break due to careless movement, which will interrupt the functioning of at least one triple of consecutive crystals.

Summarizing the above, I would like to highlight the theses of the article that are important for memorization. 10 W LEDs as light-emitting sources are widely used in practice for the manufacture of car lamps, flashlights, spotlights and other lighting devices. Radiator cooling is critical to proper LED performance. Power is supplied from a 12V source through a driver (voltage stabilizer). A well-known brand guarantees uninterrupted operation during the entire declared period, and problems may arise with Chinese inexpensive counterparts.

Electrical systems often require complex design analysis to deal with many different quantities, watts, volts, amps, etc. In this case, it is precisely necessary to calculate their ratio under a certain load on the mechanism. In some systems, the voltage is fixed, for example, in a home network, but power and current denote different concepts, although they are interchangeable quantities.

Online calculator for calculating watts to amps

To get the result, be sure to specify the voltage and power consumption.

In such cases, it is very important to have an assistant in order to accurately convert watts to amps at a constant voltage value.

An online calculator will help us convert amps to watts. Before using an online value calculation program, you need to have an idea of ​​the meaning of the required data.

1. Power is the rate at which energy is consumed. For example, a 100 watt light bulb uses 100 joules of energy per second.
2. Ampere - the value of measuring the strength of an electric current, is determined in coulombs and shows the number of electrons that have passed through a certain section of the conductor in a specified time.
3. Volts measure the voltage of an electric current.

To convert watts to amps calculator is very easy to use, the user must enter the voltage indicator (V) in the indicated columns, then the power consumption of the unit (W) and click the calculate button. After a few seconds, the program will show the exact result of the current strength in amperes. How many watts in an ampere formula

Attention: if the value indicator has a fractional number, then it must be entered into the system through a dot, not a comma. Thus, you can convert watts to amps with a power calculator in a matter of time, you do not need to write complex formulas and think about their re

sewing. Everything is simple and affordable!