Do you know what kind of tree a fir is? It is an evergreen with a deep root system. It has a wide conical shape with outstretched branches. The tree grows slowly, with an annual growth of 3 to 5 centimeters. At 30 years old, the size of a fir tree reaches two to three meters in height, and in general, some species of this plant can grow up to sixty meters.

Prefers in nature open sunny places and partial shade. Fir needles can be either gray-blue or dark green. She has tough and relatively thick shoots. Likes fresh, deep, slightly acidic soil. Can grow even on sandy, dry soil. The best time for planting fir is from March to November. This plant looks great both in and in a single planting. Fir flowering (the photo of the tree is presented in this article) is beautiful.

The tree lives 300-400 years, old-timers are also known in history, which were more than 700 years old.

The name of the plant comes from the German Fichte, which means "spruce" in translation.

How to distinguish fir from spruce?

The fir tree (the description will be presented to your attention below) looks like a spruce, and an inexperienced person can easily make a mistake. However, the differences between the two plants are significant.

What does a fir tree look like? His crown is located at the base of the trunk, unlike spruce and pine. The needles are very soft, with long and flat needles. Spruce needles are hard, short and prickly. Each fir needle has two white stripes on the underside. The needles are slightly sharp, located on reproductive shoots, or rounded towards the end (such needles grow on vegetative branches).

The needles on fir branches grow only on two sides, so the shoots themselves look “flat”. In spruce, the needles are located on the shoot in a circle.

There are two types of fir cones - men's cones are more like earrings made of small "flowers". Female cones are large, cylindrical or egg-shaped, growing upwards, as if "sitting" on a branch. Spruce cones usually hang down.

In winter, fir needles remain bright, unlike other conifers, whose needles fade slightly in the cold season. If you cut a fir branch and bring it home, then the needles will not dry out and fall off, unlike Christmas tree needles. Therefore, fir is more often used in home decoration for the New Year holidays, beautiful compositions are created from twigs that can look good for a very long time.

Types of fir

In total, there are about 50 species of fir, some of them are quite low, only 30 cm in height and look more like shrubs. There are also mighty trees, up to 80 m high. Some varieties grow in southern countries, for example, in Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Mexico. But most of all, fir is common in the forests of Europe and Russia, from the Southern Urals to the Arctic Ocean. Accordingly, the frost resistance of fir depends on its type.

Siberian fir

The Siberian fir tree species is a frost-resistant plant that is common in the taiga northern forests of Russia. Usually chooses to grow places closer to the water, for example, in river valleys and highlands. Siberian fir (a photo of the tree is given below) has a cone-shaped and rather narrow crown. The needles are dark green with soft, shiny and narrow needles. The length of the needles is three centimeters. Traditionally, two white stripes on the underside of each needle. The size of adult Siberian fir trees is quite impressive. They reach a height of 30 meters.

The trunk of the plant is gray in color, the bark is smooth, thin at the top and on the branches, and thick and cracked below.

The cones are light brown in color, grow straight up on the branch.

There are several varieties of Siberian fir - blue, motley, elegant.

Siberian fir is a valuable plant and is protected by the state.

Fir Nordmann (Caucasian)

This is an endemic plant found only in the Caucasus, therefore it is included in the list of protected plants. Lives in nature for 500 years.

Caucasian fir is a tall, powerful tree that grows up to sixty meters in height. In this case, the thickness of the trunk can even reach two meters. The crown of this tree is lowered low, the shape is conical, the top is narrow.

Dark green needles, with slightly pointed, long four-centimeter needles. There are two white stripes on the underside of each needle.

The bark on the trunk is smooth and shiny, even in its lower part. Only when the tree reaches the age of eighty, cracks may appear on the trunk below.

Cones ovoid, large. Usually they are twenty centimeters long and five in diameter. The buds are dark green when young and turn brown when mature.

Nordmann's fir also has its own varieties - golden, gray, weeping, upright.

Korean fir

The homeland of this plant is the mountains of the southern part of the Korean peninsula. This plant tolerates high altitude conditions well, including winter frosts, as it grows at an altitude of 1800 meters above sea level. The peculiarity of this type of fir is that it grows very slowly at a young age. However, after a few years, its growth is greatly accelerated. This is a relatively low fifteen-meter tree, with a rather thin trunk up to eighty centimeters. The crown has a traditional conical shape.

A feature of this species is the color of the bark. Young trees have a thin, smooth, ash-colored bark. With age, this color changes to purple or dark brown with a chestnut tint. At the bottom of the trunk of trees that have lived for several decades, the bark is covered with cracks.

The needles of the Korean fir are very beautiful, thick and lush. However, the needles are harsh and slightly curved upwards, have a saber shape. Below, each needle is an ash-silver color that spreads along two stomatal bands.

The cones of this type of fir are very beautiful, cylindrical in shape, of an unusual purple color. However, the size of the cones is small, reaching only three centimeters in diameter, and only seven centimeters in length.

This very beautiful tree is very popular in landscape design, because its varieties are very different from each other. For example, "Blue Standard" has bright purple buds, and "Piccolo" reaches a height of only 30 centimeters.

Balsam fir

This type of fir (a photo of a tree and cones is given in this article) was brought to the territory of Eurasia from across the ocean, since it is naturally distributed in the USA and Canada. Balsam fir grows in latitudes with a rather harsh climate, up to the tundra. It is also found in the highlands, at an altitude of up to two thousand meters above sea level. The peculiarity of this plant is that it is not long-lived, like other types of fir, its limit is 200 years.

Balsam fir is not very tall - up to twenty-five meters. The thickness of the trunk in this case can reach seventy centimeters.

The bark is ash-colored and smooth on young trees. Brown with a reddish tinge, the trunks are found in old plants.

Needles of balsam fir up to three centimeters in length. The needles are not sharp, dark green, soft. If you rub a few needles in your palms, you can feel a pleasant characteristic smell. The peculiarity of the needles of this tree is that its needles are “long-playing”, they do not fall off for seven years.

This fir has very beautiful cones of interesting shape, up to ten centimeters long, but at the same time narrow - just over two centimeters in diameter. Young buds are very beautiful, they have a dark purple color. When they ripen, they change color and become brown and resinous.

Interesting varieties of balsam fir. "Hudson" - a dwarf tree with dense branches and a wide crown and variegated color of needles. "Nana" is also a low shrub-like plant, only 50 centimeters in height. The color of the needles is unusual, has a yellow-green tint.

How to plant fir?

Like all conifers, the fir tree (the photo and description of which became the subject of our review) is an unpretentious plant. However, certain features and rules when planting and caring for this tree must be known.

When planting, it is better to take a container culture, since such plants can be planted almost all year round. They take root well in spring, summer, and even autumn. The only time it is not recommended to plant plants is during severe frosts in frozen ground.

What are the advantages of container cultures?

The lump with the roots is preserved in its entirety. For conifers, this is extremely important. The fact is that on the roots of all coniferous plants, including fir, a special microorganism lives - mycorrhiza, which helps plants absorb moisture and nutrients from the soil. When dried, this microorganism dies. If it is proposed to buy a coniferous seedling with an open root system, then in no case should you buy it. Most likely, such a tree will not take root.

Coniferous fir tree is a champion in endurance, perfectly withstands drought. Nevertheless, it must be planted correctly so that it subsequently grows well, looks beautiful, fluffy. One of the first conditions for the proper planting of fir is the choice of location. It should be well lit, sunny or, in extreme cases, light partial shade. The second condition is to properly dig a hole in which to plant fir.

How to dig a hole when planting?

It is necessary to dig a hole for the future plant, approximately 20 centimeters wider and 30 centimeters deeper than the clod of earth protecting the roots of the seedling. How to correctly determine the depth of a dug hole? This is easy to do - put the shovel handle across the pit. It will serve as the defining level. Place a seedling with a clod of earth in a hole and look at the level of how deep the plant will be planted.

In no case should the root neck be buried, from there the first root of the seedling will grow after planting. This place only needs to be lightly sprinkled with earth. Therefore, if you have deepened the hole too much, then you must definitely add earth or make a drainage layer. Broken brick can be used as drainage. Fir does not like when moisture stagnates in the roots.

Work with the drainage layer and top dressing of the plant

The drainage layer is lightly sprinkled with earth. After that, you should again measure the depth of the hole, whether it is suitable for the seedling or not, not forgetting to use the shovel handle. If everything is in order, then a little mineral fertilizer can be applied to the layer of earth covering the drainage, one hundred grams will be enough. After that, be sure to mix the soil so that there is no direct contact of the fertilizer with the roots of the plant.

We place the seedling in the hole and fill in the open space around the roots. Well, if you use a special mixture for this:

1. - 3 parts.
2. Sand - 1 part.
3. Peat - 1 part.

Proper planting of fir and watering

Try to plant the plant strictly vertically. The soil around the stem of the seedling should be slightly tamped down with your hands to settle any voids that may have formed during planting. You can form a side around the plant from the ground so that the water does not spread when watering. Water the plant well immediately. This should be done from a watering can or hose, substituting a hand under the stream of water so that the soil does not erode.

You can pour water directly on the top of the fir, on the twigs - conifers love this very much. Water the seedling should be three times, allowing water to soak into the soil each time. Just need to pour about a bucket of water.

The first watering is very important for the survival of the plant, which must be saturated with moisture. In addition, all the voids that still remain in the hole are gradually filled with heavy, moist earth.

Mulching

After the moisture has been absorbed, it is advisable to mulch the plant. You can do this with peat or coniferous wood chips, the spruce branches of the thuja are also suitable. Carefully cover with this material on the ground, and it is not necessary to remove it during subsequent watering. It will perfectly pass moisture and prevent it from evaporating excessively.

fir care

After planting, coniferous plants are watered quite often. Once a week, a bucket of water should be poured under the tree. Mineral substances that were introduced into the root system during planting will last for approximately 2-3 years. Throughout this period of time, the plant does not need to be fertilized with fertilizers.

sunburn

A young coniferous fir tree is afraid of sunburn. In spring and summer, when the sun begins to bake strongly, fir needles can burn, turn yellow and then crumble. You can avoid this if you slightly shade the plant with straw, spruce branches or craft paper, burlap, leaving gaps for diffused lighting. It is also necessary to protect the seedling from the wind. To do this, it should be tied to a peg.

When and how to use fertilizers?

After the plant is well rooted, and this will happen in 2-3 years, you can begin to fertilize it. Fir is an evergreen plant, it does not require rapid replenishment of nutrients as for deciduous trees. Therefore, it does not need a lot of fertilizer.

The best fertilizer for conifers (including fir) is the introduction of good humus or compost into the trunk circle. How to do it? Loosen the soil a little, apply fertilizer and mix it with the ground. You just need to be careful at the same time, since the root system of the fir is shallow, so it’s worth dropping fertilizers only on the very surface of the soil.

The following mineral fertilizers are suitable for fir: 30-40 grams of nitroammophoska per square meter of the trunk circle. Top dressing is applied once a year, in spring or at the very beginning of autumn. In no case should you fertilize the soil for fir in late autumn. This can provoke the growth of new shoots that do not have time to mature and suffer in winter, freeze.

pruning

Nature has endowed the fir with a very beautiful crown, as a rule, this plant does not need pruning. Unless in the spring you will notice after the winter a broken branch or a dried one, as a result of some kind of physical impact. For example, there was too much snow, and the branches of a young tree could not withstand the load.

If fir grows and develops in conditions suitable for it, then the immunity of the plant will be strong. The tree will not suffer from diseases or pests. However, if the plant experienced stress, for example, during a hot dry summer there was little watering and the branches dried up, the needles began to fall off, such a plant may be affected by diseases.

Fir usually suffers from fungal diseases. A damp, warm winter is especially favorable for the appearance of the fungus. This can be dealt with by using special preparations.

Phytotherapy

Of all the species of this plant, Siberian fir is mainly used for medical purposes (photos of the tree and leaves, or rather the needles were filed above). Many different medicines are produced from its resin.

Resin in fir is formed in special formations, nodules, on the stem of the plant. It contains 30% essential oil and 70% vegetable resins. Turpentine is produced from fir resin, which is widely used. For example, for turpentine baths according to Dr. Zalmanov's prescription.

Fir essential oils (photo of the tree and leaves above) are remarkable in that they have a calming effect on the human nervous system, relieve migraines. They can be used for baths and massages by adding to the base oil. Fir essential oil is also used for cosmetics, in particular, for very effective hair masks. There are no contraindications to the use of this natural remedy, except for individual intolerance, allergies.

Since ancient times, not only resin or resin has been used for medicinal purposes. Needles, bark and even wood can also help get rid of many diseases. Fir needles contain a large amount of vitamins, especially vitamin C. Its content is especially high in winter, it helps trees and animals that eat needles to survive the cold.

In summer, the content of essential oils in fir needles increases. In addition to vitamin C, the needles contain vitamins A, E. Preparations from fir needles and decoctions have a diuretic property and help strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Needles can help a person with heart disease, colds, broncho-pulmonary, rheumatic. The range of application of fir needles is quite wide. The successful use of preparations from fir needles in post-stroke manifestations is known.

Vitamin infusions are prepared from paws and needles. In order to preserve the content of vitamin C in fir needles, it must be collected in winter and stored under snow in the yard or in the freezer of the refrigerator. In summer, coniferous fir legs can be used immediately.

Fir branches are also used for bath procedures. This is especially useful in winter - add a fresh, small foot of fir to a birch broom for a steam room. This will enhance the healing massage. Under the influence of boiling water, the needles will begin to release useful essential oils that are pleasantly smelling and good for the skin and respiratory organs.

It must be remembered that resin and needles should be collected only outside the cities, in ecologically clean areas - in the forest, taiga, away from industrial enterprises.

Long walks in the fir forest are very useful. Here the air is always clean and saturated with phytoncides, which are excellent for the respiratory system. It strengthens the immune system and helps asthmatics.

musical plant

Fir is used not only for healing, but also for the manufacture of musical instruments. This wood has very good properties for creating beautiful sound resonance. When the tree dries, empty resin passages are formed inside the trunk and bark, which have a wonderful resonating effect.

Fir is one of the brightest plants that deserves the status of the queen among conifers. Fir looks most impressive when it grows away from other plantations. Having a slender trunk, it stands out with a lush crown, and in addition to this, it is capable of not losing the decorativeness of the lower branches for many months, which distinguishes it favorably from many other coniferous representatives. This feature has made it one of the more popular choices as a Christmas tree.

Christmas fir

In mid-December, many people begin to prepare for the New Year holiday. Therefore, they try to stock up on gifts and decorations, as well as garlands, bouquets, figurines and wreaths, to make their home festive. However, the main attribute of the New Year is beautifully decorated Christmas tree.

Usually, many of us do not think about choosing a New Year's tree and buy a common spruce or prickly spruce. At the same time, everyone usually forgets about fir. And, I must say, in vain, since this tree looks no less beautiful than the above coniferous representatives.

Christmas fir attracts attention not only for its decorative properties, but also for its great convenience when decorating a Christmas tree.

Unlike many other conifers, this tree has soft rounded needles, so while hanging New Year's toys on a tree, you will not get any discomfort when touching the needles. Therefore, fir fully justifies the name fluffy. Fir also boasts a natural decoration, which is dark purple cones. Moreover, they do not sit like a spruce, but are directed vertically upwards. Because of this feature, fir cones can easily be mistaken for candles, as a result, this tree takes on an even more solemn look.

Naturally, if you walk through the local Christmas markets, you are unlikely to find fir, and if you come across it, then most likely the seller will demand a fantastic price for it. Owners of summer cottages who are ready to celebrate the New Year outside the city can get out of this difficult situation. If you plant this tree there, you will be able to celebrate the New Year holiday by the beautiful lush fir every year. And it can bring you joy all year round.

One of the prerequisites, under which it is possible to create favorable conditions for the growth and development of fir, is having good drainage. You also need to pay attention to the quality of the soil, which should be provided with moisture in moderation. If water stagnates in the selected area for planting fir, the plant will not be able to grow well. The fertility of the soil also affects the development of the tree, therefore, in order for the fir to grow quickly, it should be planted in well-fertilized soil.

It is recommended to plan the planting of fir in April or September. Transplantation of a young seedling can be done both in spring and summer. You just need to make sure that during the transfer, the clod of earth around the root system remains intact. The best survival rate is demonstrated by young trees that are transplanted at the age of 5-10 years.

For a young fir, you need prepare a comfortable hole, for which the dimensions of 60 x 60 cm are optimal. During planting, you need to ensure that the root collar matches the level of the soil. Upon completion of the planting of fir, the root zone is mulched using sawdust or peat. Mulch will effectively cope with its task if it is laid in a layer of 5-8 cm. Then you can be sure that the young fir seedling will not suffer from frost. However, in relation to adult plants, such an operation will not be required, since at this stage of the life cycle they acquire a high resistance to negative temperatures.

If strong temperature fluctuations often occur in your place of residence in winter, and return frosts are not uncommon in spring, then you should build a special protective cover made of spruce branches for a young fir seedling. So that the tree does not suffer, it must be covered completely. First of all, this is important for those varieties that will overwinter for the first time. Otherwise, the tree will not tolerate extreme cold, as a result of which its needles may turn red.

The trees are growing up which have been growing for over 15 years. The first 10-15 years after planting, the growth of a tree is usually hardly noticeable, but later the situation changes, as a result, fir adds 30-50 cm annually. Many trees that have reached the age of 30 often reach a height of 10 m.

Varieties and types of fir

The photo of this representative of the coniferous family provides only general information. Therefore, if you decide to plant a fir in your backyard, then it will not hurt you to first decide on the variety of this tree. After all, each of them has its own characteristics, knowing about which you can imagine in advance what will happen in the end.

This representative of the conifer family is very different decorative crown and coloring. The plant has a dense, wide crown of a pyramidal shape. During development, the branches are parallel to the ground. Throughout the life of the trees do not change their bark color, which remains light gray. In young plants, it is initially smooth, but over time, growths and cracks can be found on it. Cones have a cylindrical shape, the characteristic color is dark purple, they are quite small in size and reach a length of 8-12 cm, they must contain large amount of resin.

The most pronounced properties within this type of fir are blue form "Violacea". This variety is decorated with bluish-blue needles, which at the same time are crescent-curved. This variety of fir is characterized by unpretentiousness, relatively quickly begins to grow after transplantation, acquires its natural appearance in a short time, and is less susceptible to coniferous aphids. Usually mature plants reach a height of 6-8 m.

A photo of this tree can only help to understand what an adult plant might look like. However, this is not enough, so be sure to familiarize yourself with the features of this tree before planting.

This type of coniferous family feels great in the middle lane. Korean fir is covered with shiny needles that have different colors - dark green above, white below. Cones that have a bright purple color stand out with pronounced decorative properties. Moreover, they are formed even in young plants. Some specimens of the Korean variety can reach a height of 15 m.

• within this type of fir, the Blue Standard variety stands out, which attracts attention with a darker color of cones;
• a distinctive feature of the Silberzwerg variety is short stature. Throughout its life, this tree shows extremely slow growth. Usually in a year it increases the height by no more than 5 cm. The tree forms short shoots that have strong branches. This explains its rounded shape. The branches are decorated with silver needles.

You can admire the photo of this tree for a long time. However, this species stands out not only for its beautiful needles.

This representative of conifers is distinguished by a slender trunk, which is complemented by a cone-shaped crown. In the process of growth, balsam fir forms branches that placed horizontally at the bottom. As you move to the top, they begin to rise slightly vertically.

Conclusion

Despite not being so famous, fir can become a worthy alternative to regular spruce. Moreover, it is not a problem that it is not always possible to find this tree for sale. Korean fir, like any coniferous tree, can be grown on your site. The process itself is not very complicated, and for this it is not necessary to find out where the fir grows. The main thing is to take into account the features of the landing. Here it is very important to make sure that the selected area is moderately moist and has fertile soil.

It also does not hurt to decide on the type of fir before planting, since it provides many varieties, which may differ not only in growth rate, but also in their shape. It is enough to take into account these nuances before planting, and then in a couple of years you will be able to celebrate the New Year holiday at your dacha without worrying that in a couple of days the New Year tree will lose its attractiveness.

Coniferous fir is an ideal plant for shady areas. They are so undemanding to the presence of light that they can successfully develop even in the most shaded conditions, but only in the presence of soils with a high degree of fertility and moderate moisture. One of the distinguishing features of this plant from other conifers is that cylindrical fir cones are located strictly upwards on the branches. fir tree ( Abies) belongs to the Pine family (Pinaceae). The genus unites about 40 species distributed in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, and only a few of them penetrate the mountain systems to Mexico and Guatemala. On this page you can get acquainted with the photo and description of fir trees of different types and varieties, as well as learn how to grow fir in the backyard.

What fir looks like: photo and description of an evergreen tree

Fir trees are large evergreen trees, reaching a height of 60-100 m with a trunk thickness of up to 2 m. The trunk is straight, slowly clearing of branches that persist for many years, which is why even in adult plants they are located near the ground itself. The crown of a fir looks like a cone, it is formed by branches collected in whorls and arranged in tiers. The bark of most species is thin, smooth, with small cracks, usually located at an angle to each other. The needles are needle-shaped, collected in spiral rows on a large developed base, which leaves a round flat trace after it falls. The needles of vegetative shoots are soft, flattened, slightly grooved above, keeled below, with two light stomatal stripes. Needles of fruiting shoots are tetrahedral with whitish stripes and stomata on all sides. See what the firs look like in these photos:

All "flowers" are located in the upper part of the crown. Males develop from apical buds and carry pollen, females are located in the upper part of the shoots and form cones after pollination. Cones solitary erect, from ovate-oblong to cylindrical. After maturation, the cones disintegrate down to the stem. Seeds - small winged "nuts". The following is a photo and botanical description of firs of various species and varieties. Types and varieties of fir: photo and botanical description

Abies alba- White fir.

Forms pure and mixed with deciduous forests. It grows in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe. This is a slender tree 30-50 m high with a trunk straight as a candle. The branches are collected in horizontal whorls. The bark is gray, smooth, scaly on older trees. The needles are needle-shaped, shiny, wrinkled, serrated or two-headed at the ends. On the branches it is comb-shaped and collected in rows. The needles are 2-3 cm long, dark green above with a bluish tint, below - with two distinct white stripes, which is why this species was called "white". Cones erect, 10-14 cm long. Young cones are greenish, mature - brownish. In extremely severe winters, young plants may freeze at the level of the snow cover. In adult specimens, the top growths of the previous year may freeze slightly. It has a number of rather spectacular varietal forms. When describing a fir tree of this species, it is worth noting that, unfortunately, these plants are of little use for growing in the gardens of the North-West and Central Russia because of their poor frost resistance. In fairness, it should be noted that individual mini-cultivars can safely winter under snow cover.

Abies amabilis- The fir is pretty.

A very beautiful tree 75-80 m high, growing in the mountain forests of North America - from British Columbia to Oregon. The crown is flat cone-shaped. The branches are arranged in clearly separated horizontal tiers, collected in whorls and starting from the ground itself. The bark is thin, gray to white. Needles 20-30 mm long and 2 mm wide, dark green, wrinkled, with two wide white stripes below, with shortened tips. As you can see in the photo, needles grow in rows near a fir tree of this type:

Cones erect, ovate-pin-shaped, 10-14 cm long. In severe winters, young plants may freeze at the level of the snow cover. In adult plants, in extremely severe winters, top growths of the previous year suffer. This type of fir has many varieties with a compact crown shape, including spherical and flattened.

Until now, this type of fir is a rather rare guest in our gardens. At the moment, only one variety that has been tested in them for several years can be recommended - this is A. amabilis Spreading Star.

Recommended variety of pretty fir - A. amabilis Spreading Star. Dwarf variety of pretty fir. The shape is rounded flattened. The needles are large, soft, dark green, silvery. Annual increments within 10 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies balsamea - Balsam fir. Forms giant forests and occupies vast areas in North America. It is of exceptional value not only due to wood, but also resin. A tree 15-20 m high. The crown is pin-shaped, tapering upwards. Just like all firs, the branches are collected in whorls and arranged in tiers, but this is not too noticeable due to the strong branching. Look at the photo - the bark of this type of fir is ash-gray with numerous resinous influxes, often scaly:

Young branches are yellow-gray, partially overgrown. The needles are dark green with two white stripes below, small and thin. When rubbed, they emit a sharp balsamic smell. Cones erect, small, oblong, 5-7 cm long, purple-purple before maturation.

When planting in open areas in extremely severe winters, partial freezing of young specimens at the level of snow cover is possible. Mature plants are resistant to frost.

It has many varietal varieties with a dense spherical crown shape and shortened needles. Recommended varieties of balsam fir:

Abies balsamea Eugene Gold.

Srednerosly narrow-columnar variety of balsam fir. The needles are dense, soft, golden, light green at the base of the branches. Annual growths are 15-20 cm. This variety of balsam fir is completely frost-resistant.

Abies balsamea Jennie(synonym WB 3).

Abies balsamea Renswoude.

Mini variety of balsam fir. The shape is spherical. The needles are short, soft, green. The kidneys are pronounced. Annual increments 3-5 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor- One color fir.

A slender and extremely beautiful tree 2.5-40 m high, growing in the tori of Colorado. The crown of this fir is clearly pyramidal, since the lower tiers of branches are very wide, and the upper ones are short. The branches are collected in horizontal whorls, located at a considerable distance from each other, which somewhat exposes the trunk and further emphasizes the perfect shape of the crown. The bark is light grey, smooth in young but rough in older plants. The needles are bluish-green, soft, flat, sometimes crescent-shaped, 40-60 mm long. This is the only fir with blue needles. Cones are cylindrical, 7-12 cm long, greenish or slightly reddish before maturity. The degree of drought resistance is higher than that of most species. Both adults and young plants are completely hardy. It has a number of spectacular varieties with white-gray and blue needles. Recommended varieties of single-color fir:

Сoncolor Birthday Broom.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Dense, rounded flattened shape. The needles are long, silver-blue. Annual increments are about 3 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Blue Saphir.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Dense, cushion shape. The needles are short, twisted, blue-blue. Annual increments within 3-4 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies concolor Bryce Canyon.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Very dense, cushion-shaped. Pay attention to the photo - the needles of this variety of fir are of a single-color blue-green color, have the shape of a month:

Annual increments within 3-4 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies concolor Cimaron.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Very dense, round-oval shape. The needles are grey-blue. Annual increments within 3-5 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies concolor Fagerhult.

Srednerosly grade of a fir of one-color. Weeping form. The needles are long, blue. Annual increments within 20 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Kresice.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Very dense, round-oval shape. The needles are grey-blue. Annual increments within 3 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Kucera.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Very dense, round shape. The needles are short, twisted, gray-blue. Annual increments within 3 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Nechiba.

Mini-grade fir one-color. This variety of fir has a very dense, rounded shape. The needles are short, gray-blue. Annual increments within 3 cm. Fully frost-resistant,

Abies concolor Od Maleho.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Dense, rounded flattened shape. The needles are straight, gray-green-blue. Annual growth within 5 cm, Fully hardy,

Abies concolor Olesna.

Dwarf variety of one-color fir. Irregular growth of branches. The needles are short, blue-green. Annual increments within 8-10 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies concolor Osek-Topinka.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Dense, rounded flattened shape. As you can see in the photo, the needles of this single-color fir variety are straight, gray-blue:

Annual increments within 5 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Piedra.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Dense, rounded flattened shape. Needles are straight, gray-blue. Annual increments within 4-5 cm, Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Piggelmee.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Dense, rounded flattened shape. Needles are straight, gray-blue. Annual increments within 3-5 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies concolor Shawns Cone.

Dwarf forms. A modern variety of single fir. The exact size of annual increments and final sizes have not yet been established. The needles are long, deep blue, frost-resistant.

Abies concolor Winter Gold.

Srednerosly grade of a fir of one-color. Narrow pyramidal shape. The branches have a vertical direction of growth, then fall. Needles are long, curved. Light green in summer, golden in winter. Growths within 30 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Zabela.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Round shape. The needles are short, straight, gray-blue. Increments 3-4 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Blue Cloac.

Pyramidal variety of single-colored fir. There are also specimens that can be grown as prostratic forms. The needles are long, deep blue, the branches of the pyramidal forms have a vertical direction of growth, then fall. Annual increments within 15-20 cm, Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Compacta

Dwarf variety of one-color fir. Pyramidal shape. The needles are long, silver-blue. Annual increments within 10 cm, Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Hidden Lakes.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Rounded flattened shape. The needles are long, sickle-shaped, gray-blue. Annual increments 5-7 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies concolor Igel.

Mini-grade fir one-color. Very dense, round shape. The needles are short, blue-blue. Annual increments within 3-4 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies concolor Violacea.

Full grown variety. Pyramidal form of single-colored fir. The needles are long, curved on the back of the branches, deep blue. Annual increments 30-50 cm, increase with age. Fully cold hardy.

Abies concolor La Veta.

Dwarf variety of one-color fir. Dense, rounded shape. The needles are long, straight, blue. Annual increments within 5-8 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies concolor Saxana.

Dwarf form. A modern variety of single-colored fir. The exact size of annual increments and final sizes have not yet been established. The needles are long, deep blue, hardy. Below you can find photos, names and descriptions of other varieties of firs.

Other varieties of fir: photo, name and description

Abies korean- Korean fir.

A slender tree about 15-20 m high is a forest-forming species of Korea. The crown of this variety of fir is clearly pyramidal, formed by flexible, but dense, arranged tiers and whorled branches. The bark of young trees is soft and smooth, while that of older trees is rough. The needles are glossy, dark green above and almost white below, short (10-30 mm long). Very densely packed in rows. On fruiting shoots, the needles are turned upside down, which makes the tops appear white. Cones are erect, cylindrical, 4-7 cm long. Mature cones are violet-purple. Both adults and young plants are completely hardy. It has many original varieties, most of which have inverted white needles. Recommended varieties of Korean fir:

Abies korean Adelboden.

Mini variety of Korean fir. Densely branched pyramidal shape. The needles are dense, short, dark green above, silvery below. Annual increments within 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Abies korean Aurea.

Large-sized golden variety of Korean fir. Dense, pyramidal shape. The needles are light green-golden. Annual increments 30-40 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies koreana Blauer Pfiff

Dwarf variety of Korean fir. Pyramidal shape. The needles are short, blue-green above, bluish-white below. Annual increments within 15 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies korean Blue Emperor.

A very effective variety of Korean fir. The most common form is pyramidal, less often cushion-shaped. The needles are short, blue-green above, bluish-white below. Annual increments within 8-10 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies korean Bonsai Blue.

Dwarf variety. Pyramidal shape. The needles are short, blue-green above, bluish-white below. Annual increments within 10 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies korean Brillant.

Mini grade. Rounded flattened shape. The needles are short, green above, bluish below. Annual increments within 3-5 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies korean Compacta.

Dwarf variety. Pyramidal shape, short needles, blue-green above, bluish-white below. Annual increments within 10-12 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies Koreana Grubele(synonyms - Doni Tajuso, Kristalkugel, Arbor's Hexe).

Mini grade. Densely branched, rounded flattened form. The needles are dense, short, dark green above, silvery below. Annual increments within 3-4 cm. Completely frost-resistant.

Abies koreana Kohout's Icebreaker(synonyms - Ice Breaker, Silberlocke W.B.).

Micro-variety of Korean fir. The shape is rounded, dome-shaped, densely branched. The needles are short, strongly curved, white-silver. Annual increments within 3-4 cm, Fully hardy. Garden decoration.

Abies koreana Kohout's Nehe

Mini variety of Korean fir. Very dense, spherical shape. The branches are short, the needles are small, short, dark green above, silvery below. Annual increments within 3-4 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies korean Oberon

Dwarf variety of Korean fir. The most common form is pyramidal, less often cushion-shaped. The needles are hard, short, curved, strongly pressed to the branches, blue-green above, silvery below. Annual increments within 5-8 cm, Fully hardy.

Abies Koreana Pancake

Mini grade. Cushion-shaped, strongly branched, dense form. The needles are hard, short, curved, blue-green above, silvery below. Annual increments within 3-5 cm, Fully hardy.

Abies korean Pinocchio

Mini grade, spherical shape. The branches are short, the needles are small, short, dark green above, silvery below. The needles are hard, short, curved, blue-green above, silvery below. Annual increments within 3-5 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies korean Schneestern

A rare variety of Korean fir. Narrow-pyramidal, profusely branching form. The needles are hard, short, blue-green above, silvery below. Annual increments within 3-5 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies Korean Silver Show.

Dwarf variety of Korean fir. Pyramidal shape. The branches have a vertical direction of growth. The needles are short, strongly curved, white-silver. Annual increments within 12-15 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies korean Silberlocke.

Srednerosly variety of Korean fir. Pyramidal shape. The branches have a vertical direction of growth. The needles are short, strongly curved, white-silver. Annual increments within 20-25 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies korean Taiga.

Mini variety of Korean fir. Cushion-shaped, tier-forming, rather dense form. The needles are hard, short, blue-green above, silvery below. Annual increments within 3-5 cm, Fully hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa- Subalpine fir.

Grows in North America: in forests from Alaska to Oregon and in the highlands of Utah and New Mexico. This fir is one of the most beautiful and elegant. Reaching a height of 30 m, it retains a dense narrow pyramidal crown until old age. Look at the photo - the branches of this variety of fir are located in dense tiers, and the branches are densely branched:

Young bark is smooth, silver-gray. The needles are pale greenish-gray, 25-40 mm long, brush-like, directed upwards and unevenly collected in rows. Cones are numerous, close to each other, erect, oblong, 6-10 cm long, dark purple at a young age. In extremely severe winters, partial freezing of young plants at the level of snow cover is possible, but mature trees are resistant to frost. It has many varietal forms with green, gray and blue needles. The shape of the crowns of cultivars is diverse - from classically pyramidal to spherical. Recommended varieties of subalpine fir:

Abies lasiocarpa Alpine Beauty.

Micro-grade subalpine fir. Round shape. The needles are soft, green-blue. Annual increments are 2-3 cm. When describing this variety of fir, it is worth noting its complete frost resistance.

Abies lasiocarpa Blue Cone.

Dwarf pyramidal variety of subalpine fir. The needles are soft, rich green-blue in color, with a silvery sheen. Annual increments within 20-25 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa compacta.

Dwarf variety of subalpine fir. Under favorable growing conditions, annual growths of 20-25 cm are possible and the cultivar can reach a medium size. Dense, pyramidal shape. The needles are soft, rich silver-blue. Fully cold hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa Cvicov.

Mini-grade subalpine fir. Pillow shape. The needles are short, silver-blue. Annual increments 3-4 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa Kenwich Blue.

Srednerosly variety of subalpine fir. The needles are soft, saturated blue. It is considered one of the bluest among the subalpine firs. Annual increments within 30 cm, Fully hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa Kyles Alpine.

Micro-grade subalpine fir. Spherical shape. The needles are soft, silver-blue. Annual increments 2-3 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa Prickly Pete

Mini-grade subalpine fir. Pillow-shaped, tiered shape. The needles are silver-blue, somewhat elongated, vertically directed. Annual increments 3-5 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa Toenisvorst.

Mini-grade subalpine fir. Spherical shape. The needles are short, bluish-green-blue. Annual increments 3-4 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa Utah.

Mini-grade subalpine fir. Funnel-shaped, slightly flattened shape. The needles are short, bluish-green. Annual increments 3-4 cm. Fully hardy.

Abies lasiocarpa Logan Pass (synonymous with Glacier).

Micro-grade subalpine fir. Spherical shape. The needles are soft, green-blue. Annual increments 2-3 cm. Fully frost-resistant

Abies lasiocarpa Lopalpun.

Micro-grade subalpine fir. Spherical shape. The needles are soft, green-blue. Annual increments 1-2 cm. Fully hardy. It is considered a subalpine fir, which has one of the smallest annual growth.

Abies nordmanniana- Nordmann fir, or Caucasian.

One of the forest-forming species of the Caucasus. A noble, long-lived, slender tree 40-50 m high. Under favorable conditions (rich soils and high air humidity), it reaches a height of 80 m. The branches are whorled and evenly arranged, descending almost to the ground, which is why the crown acquires a clear conical shape. The bark is black grey. The needles are dense, brush-like, dark green, 20-30 mm long and 2-2.5 mm wide, not collected in rows and hanging down. Cones erect, greenish, resinous when young. In nature, Nordmann fir is quite frost-resistant and in the mountains it reaches the border of forest distribution, approaching the alpine zone. It does not freeze in the parks of Western Europe and North America. In Northern Europe, in severe winters, young plants may freeze at the level of snow cover, and in extremely severe winters, top growths of the previous year may freeze slightly in adult trees. For this reason, cultivars of this type of fir in the gardens of central Russia have not received wide distribution.

There are sporadic attempts to grow the very decorative variety Golden Spreader.

Recommended varieties of Nordmann fir:

Abies nordmanniana Golden Spreader.

Dwarf. Pyramidal variety of Nordmann fir. Golden form. The needles are soft. When planted in partial shade light green-golden, and in the sun -bright golden color. Annual increments within 10-15 cm. Conditionally hardy.

Abies procera- Noble fir.

The main habitat of this fir is the western regions of North America. These tall narrow-conical trees, up to 70 m high, grow at an altitude of up to 1500 m above sea level. Most of the branches have a vertical direction of growth. Branches of the lower tier - fall. The bark is greyish, with deep fissures and broad outgrowths. The needles are green-blue, slightly twisted. Cylindrical purple cones up to 20 cm. When ripe, they turn brown. Fairly cold hardy. In recent years, cultivars of this species have increasingly been grown in Russian gardens. Recommended varieties of noble fir:

Abies procera La Graciosa.

Dwarf, pyramidal variety of noble fir. Often in the first years it has a cushion-like, creeping shape. Subsequently, it puts forward the leading shoot in the vertical direction. The needles are soft, gray-green. Annual growths within 15 cm. Fairly frost-resistant, but full conclusions about resistance to severe frosts in the gardens of the northern temperate zone of Russia can be made only after longer periods of its cultivation.

Abies procera Rat Tail.

Dwarf, pyramidal variety of noble fir. At the age of 20 years and older, it can reach medium size. Branches are straight and narrow. The needles are short, gray-green. Annual growths from 15 to 30 cm, Fairly hardy, but full conclusions about resistance to severe frosts in the gardens of the northern temperate zone of Russia can be made only after longer periods of its cultivation,

Abies procera Sherwoodii(synonyms - Aurea, Mount Hood)

Large-sized golden variety of noble fir. Irregular pyramidal shape. The branches are somewhat vertically directed, falling at the ends. The needles are soft, slightly curved, light green-golden. At the age of 20, annual growths are more than 30 cm. It is quite frost-resistant, but it will be possible to make full conclusions about its resistance to severe frosts in the gardens of the northern temperate zone of Russia only after longer growing periods.

Abies sibirica- Siberian fir.

This classic fir is one of the main forest-forming species in the northern regions of Russia. Its range is huge - from the north-east of Russia to China. A slender tree with a straight trunk up to 30 m high.

The crown is columnar-pyramidal, formed by horizontal, widely spaced branches collected in whorls. The bark is smooth, grey. The needles are light green, tender, soft, up to 3 cm long.

Cones are cylindrical, 5-8 cm long, bluish before maturity. Both adults and young plants are completely hardy. It has a number of garden forms with a more dense and compact crown shape. In recent years, they began to appear in Russian gardens.

Abies sibirica Serco

Mini-grade Siberian fir. Spherical-funnel shape. The needles are soft, green-yellowish. Annual increments within 3-5 cm. Completely hardy.

Abies veitchii- Vicha fir.

The habitat is subalpine forests at an altitude of up to 2500 m, on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Shikoku. Tall tree up to 25-30 m with a narrow conical crown. The bark is smooth, grey. The branches are short, horizontally directed. The needles are flat, soft, up to 2.5 cm long. Dark green above, with 2 white stripes below. Cones are cylindrical, 5-6 cm long, bluish at a young age, later turning brown, turning brown. Recommended varieties of Vicha fir:

Abies veitchii Den Langhen. Next, you will learn how to care for fir in the garden.

How to care for fir: planting and agricultural care in the open field

Fir trees are exceptionally shade-tolerant plants. They prefer fertile loamy, slightly acidic soils, but they also develop quite successfully on loose sandy loamy soils. Dwarf firs should not be grown in excessively rich soils, as they may lose their typical crown shape.

Adult specimens do not need fertilizer, because they have a powerful branched root system. Young firs, when cared for during cultivation, can be fed in the spring after the snow melts with complex or combined mineral fertilizer on wet ground.

Planting firs is carried out in early spring before the buds begin to bloom, or in autumn. It is undesirable to deepen the root collar. Young plants tolerate transplanting easily. Plants with actively growing shoots take root poorly. Large specimens can be transplanted only after preliminary preparation of the root ball. After planting, when caring for firs, trees need abundant watering, and during spring transplantation, spraying until rooting. Fir trees need to create growing conditions with a sufficient level of humidity, but they do not tolerate stagnant groundwater. Mature, well developed plants are drought tolerant.

When planting and caring for fir trees in the open field, keep in mind that all types are cold-tolerant, but their frost resistance is different. Most species are not able to withstand a frosty winter for a long time. Mature trees are more resistant than young ones. Young summer growths often suffer from late frosts. Observing the correct agrotechnics for growing firs, when caring for trees, shelter from frost is required only for young specimens in snowless winters. The best shelter is light air-dry insulation with coniferous spruce branches. Multi-stemmed varietal fir trees need to be pulled together slightly - this will protect them from breaking with heavy snow and losing their shape. In the spring, for uniform awakening of plants, it is recommended to water them abundantly. This is especially important after frosty winters that freeze the soil. In many species, at the end of winter - at the beginning of spring, the apical shoots of the previous year suffer. This can be avoided by covering the top shoots with gauze. The following describes how you can grow fir from seeds.

How can fir be grown from seed?

Only freshly harvested seeds are suitable. If you store them in an airtight container at a temperature of 0 ... + 5ᵒ C, then germination lasts more than 15 years, but under normal conditions it is lost after a year. Freshly fallen seeds from the cones are capable of immediate germination. Seeds with hardened integuments have a dormant embryo. There are several ways to germinate seeds.

The simplest is winter sowing in a ridge to a depth of 1.5-2 cm with mulching with peat to a height of 1 cm. In the spring, after germination, the plants are planted by pinching the root, or left in place until autumn or next spring.

Snowing. Seeds are sown in boxes in autumn or winter and taken out under the snow until spring. After the emergence of seedlings, the plants are planted in a ridge or left in boxes until autumn. cold stratification. At the end of winter, the seeds are mixed with coarse, clean, slightly damp sand, sawdust or sphagnum moss, placed in plastic bags and stored in a refrigerator or basement at a temperature of + 3 ... + 5 ° C for 1-2 months, or sown in boxes or bowls, filled with rotted leafy soil, peat and coarse sifted sand in a ratio of 3:1:1. After sowing, the seeds are stored under the same conditions for 1-3 months. After passing through the stratification, the seeds stored in bags are washed and sown in boxes or bowls. Crops are exposed to light at a temperature of + 18 ... + 23 ° C for germination. Seedlings require protection from direct sunlight and moderate watering. Excessively dense shoots dive. With the onset of heat, the seedlings are taken out into the garden, where, after hardening, they are planted in a ridge.

Varietal varieties during seed propagation weakly repeat the characteristic features, and it is very difficult to determine them in the first year. For propagation of varietal forms, vegetative propagation is used. The last section of the article is devoted to how to propagate fir cuttings.

How to propagate fir: methods of propagation by layering and cuttings

With the vegetative method of reproduction of firs, horizontal layers do not guarantee the preservation of the typical crown shape; in the vast majority of cases, crooked or creeping plants grow from rooted branches. Fir trees take root with this method for 1-2 years.

Relatively well rooted cuttings only from young varietal plants. Even better form the roots of cuttings taken from plants with a compact densely branched crown. Cuttings from "wild" species, especially from old specimens, root very poorly.

For propagation of firs by cuttings, the substrate must be loose, clean and breathable. The basis is always coarse washed sand, to which perlite, high-moor sour peat or finely chopped coniferous bark are added. Place the cuttings in the substrate without turning the branches upside down.

cuttings carried out in the spring before or at the very beginning of the awakening of the kidneys or in the summer after the end of the first wave of growth, when the young growths harden. However, in the latter case, the cuttings do not have time to form roots and hibernate only with influxes of callus, risking freezing.

Cuttings take root at a temperature of + 20 ... + 23ᵒ C. During spring cuttings, before bud break, it is necessary to maintain a lower temperature - + 15 ... + 18 ° C and only then increase it to + 20 ... + 23 ° C. It is not recommended to raise the temperature above +25 °C. To avoid overheating, boxes with cuttings should be slightly shaded from direct sunlight. The combination of moderate substrate moisture and high air humidity is the key to success.

In the spring, shoots of last year's growth are taken for rooting, in summer - hardened shoots of the current year. In columnar and narrow-pyramidal forms, only vertical, but not the most powerful shoots are cut, in creeping varieties - everything except vertical ones; from plants with a free, oval or spherical crown, you can take any cuttings.

There are frequent cases when the cuttings do not form roots for 2 years, while having a thickening at the cut site - the wound tissue of the callus. In this case, they can overwinter under air-dry shelter. Well-rooted plants hibernate without shelter. Cuttings rooted not in the ground, but in boxes, are dug into the ground along with the boxes and covered or stored in bright, cold greenhouses or rooms until spring.

Fir (Abies) is the ancient Latin name of the genus - abh (i.e., to abound), which, apparently, is associated with strong branching and foliation of branches. There are about 50 species of fir, common in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. Fir - large, sometimes huge trunk up to 60 m in height and 2 m in diameter, monoecious evergreen trees, with a beautiful cone-shaped crown. The trunk is straight, with gray bark. The conical crown begins almost at the ground. The root system is pivotal, powerful, deep into the soil.

In fir, the needles are flat, soft, with white stripes on the bottom, spirally located on the shoots, rather wide (up to 3 mm in some species), which is a hallmark of fir. Another characteristic feature of this genus is the upright cones, ripening in the first year and disintegrating while still on the trees to release the seeds. Most species of Fir do not tolerate air pollution at all.

Fir is an unusually beautiful ornamental tree with a clear pyramidal silhouette, perfect for single plantings. Beautiful in the alleys of parks, great for creating living walls.

Types of Fir, photo and description by growth and preference for growing conditions:

Abies alba (white fir)

White fir is a tall coniferous tree with a cone-shaped crown, an expressive stem and branches arranged in whorls. By the age of 30, it reaches 15-18 m. The needles are dark green, flat, shiny. In youth, it is shade-loving, demanding on moisture and soil. For good development, it requires sufficiently deep, loose, moist, fertile, loamy or sandy soils. It does not tolerate dry air and soil, and grows poorly on waterlogged soils. White fir is sensitive to air pollution. Can be used in parks, but only in places with appropriate conditions. Winter hardiness zone 5V

Abies alba (white fir) "Pyramidalis"

Variety "Pyramidalis" with a regular cone-shaped crown. Initially very slow growing, after 30 years it reaches up to 5 m high. The branches are directed at an angle upwards. The needles are dark green, shiny. Abies alba "Pyramidalis" grows best in humid climates. Sensitive to frosty dry winds and early frosts. Recommended for planting near houses, in sheltered places. Winter hardiness zone 5V

Abies Arnoldiana (Arnold fir) "Jan Pawel ll"

Fir Arnold "Jan Pawel ll" fast-growing coniferous tree, cone-shaped, grows at the age of 30 to 10 m. The branches are laid slightly at an angle, in regular circles. The needles are wide, shiny, greenish-yellow in color, white as chalk below. Abies Arnoldiana "Jan Pawel ll" needs fertile and moist soils. Recommended for planting in parks and large gardens. Winter hardiness zone 5V

Abies balsamea (Balsamic fir) "Nana"

A dwarf shrub of a rounded shape, at the age of 10 years it reaches up to 0.5 m in height and approximately the same in diameter. The needles are short dark green, radially arranged along the shoots. Needs moist fertile soil. Recommended for rocky gardens. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies balsamea (balsam fir) "Piccolo"

A small compact bush, rounded, reaching a height of about 0.3 m in 10 years and a similar diameter. The needles are short with blunt tips. Needs fairly fertile and moist soil. Recommended for Alpine mountains and container compositions. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies concolor (one color fir)

Tall fast growing delightful tree with a regular conical crown. The branches are whorled and horizontal, the lower branches are lowered to the ground. At the age of 30 years, it reaches about 10-12 m in height, the size of an adult tree is 20-25 (40) m in height. At home in California there are specimens up to 60 m high, 7-9 (10) m wide, trunk girth up to 3 m. Annual growth in height, in the first 10 years about 35-55 cm and 15 cm wide, then slowly, lives up to 500 years. The needles are unusually long, up to 8 cm long and 2.5 mm. wide, gray-bluish-green on both sides, arranged asymmetrically, comb-shaped, sometimes crescent-shaped, soft with a lemon smell, remains on the tree up to 8-10 years. Buds are green to purple at first, light brown when ripe. The root system is superficial or deep, depending on the soil. Light-loving, shade-tolerant. Grows optimally in deep, fresh, fertile, acidic or slightly alkaline, well-drained sandy-clay soils, grows well even in deep dry sandy soils. Avoids clay and gley soils, like no other fir is sensitive to waterlogging of the soil. It tolerates heat, drought and insufficient air humidity, the most drought-resistant and frost-resistant fir. A distinctive feature is the endurance of urban air pollution. The species is undemanding to the soil and the environment, suitable for large gardens, urban plantings, parks, in single and group loose plantings. Winter hardiness zone 4. It has decorative forms.

Abies concolor "Argentea"

Beautiful silvery coniferous tree of the correct conical shape. It grows rapidly, reaches 10-12 m in height after 30 years. The needles are long, soft, silver-blue. Grows well even on poor soils. Frost-resistant, drought-resistant and little sensitive to air pollution. Recommended for use in parks, gardens, urban landscaping. Hardiness zone 4

Abies concolor (one color fir) "Compacta"

A dwarf variety with a compact, but irregular, wide-conical crown shape, at the age of 30 years, about 2-3 m. Height. The needles are shorter than those of the species, grayish-blue. It is undemanding to soils and humidity. Recommended for single landings on specific places. Hardiness zone 4

Abies concolor "Clauca"

In all respects, the characteristic is similar to the species form, but the needles are bluish in color. Trees after 30 years reach up to 12 m in height. The needles are long and soft. Grows well even on poor soils. Resistant to low temperatures, drought and air pollution. Used for landscaping parks, large areas, urban landscaping. Hardiness zone 4

Abies concolor "Violacea"

A tree with a regular cone-shaped and dense crown, lowered to the very ground. It grows especially fast, after 30 years it reaches 10-12 m in height. Needles are long, soft, bright bluish-white. Undemanding, resistant to low temperatures, drought and air pollution. For planting in parks, gardens and urban landscaping. Hardiness zone 4

Abies concolor (one color fir) "Wintergold"

The variety grows a little slower than the species form, but reaches the size of a large tree, after 30 years 3-5 m. Height. The annual growth is about 20 cm. The needles are long, soft, identical on both sides, yellow-green in summer, golden yellow in winter. Undemanding, frost-resistant and smoke-gas resistant. Used for large plots and urban landscaping. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies koreana (Korean fir)

Korean fir is a slowly growing tree with a broadly conical shape, reaching 3-4 m in height at the age of 30. The needles are short, green above, glossy, whitish on the back. A characteristic feature of the Abies koreana variety is purple-blue cones 4-7 cm long, appearing already on young trees 1-1.5 m tall. Needs moist, fertile soil. This variety is recommended for small household plots. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies koreana (Korean fir) "Silberlocke"

Slow-growing tree, wide-conical shape, reaches about 4 m in height at the age of 30. The needles are short, in contrast to the main species, strongly curved, so that the back, whitish side is visible. Forms numerous purple-blue cones. Needs fertile and moist soil. Looks good in Japanese gardens, as well as alone, in a conspicuous place. Winter hardiness zone 5V

Abies lasiocarpa (mountain fir) "Compacta"

Mountain fir "Compacta" is a dwarf variety with a dense, wide-conical shape, silver-blue needles, short, not prickly. Branches are short and rigid. At the age of 30, it reaches about 3 m in height. From a distance it resembles a silver spruce. Prefers fertile and moderately moist soil. Damaged by late spring frosts. Abies lasiocarpa "Compacta" is one of the most beautiful varieties of dwarf conifers. Recommended for small home gardens, rocky and heather gardens. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Abies veitchii (Witch's fir)

A slender tree with a pyramidal crown. It is characterized by rapid growth, at the age of 30 it reaches more than 10 m in height. The shoots are arranged obliquely upwards, due to which the white bottom of the needles is clearly visible. Needs fertile, moist soils. One of the most resistant types of fir. Recommended for large gardens and parks. Winter hardiness zone 5A

Fir differs from other tree species in its unusually beautiful silhouette, clear as a candle, with very decorative vertical cones, firs are among the most imposing conifers on Earth. In gardens and parks, firs grow well on evenly moist, fertile soils. And of course, their full beauty is revealed only in solitary plantings.

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Korean fir "Silberlock" (аbies koreana Silberlocke)

​Kristalkugal"​

. Dwarf variety, domed crown shape. The growth rate is about 1.7 cm per year. Plant dimensions at the age of ten: 25.4 × 25.4 cm.​

Variety "Molly" - the best view for green hedges.

Korean fir "Molly"

In spring, Korean fir is planted in April, in autumn - from late August to mid-September.

- a low form that grows no more than four meters in height, having short bluish-green needles.

Without cones, Korean fir strongly resembles spruce, but its needles are flatter, with rounded or notched ends. This tree is almost non-thorny and grows much more slowly than spruce, has a smooth emerald bark and a tiered arrangement of branches. Compared to spruce, it quickly restores a damaged crown after sunburn.

Average lifespan of a tree:

Korean fir "Oberon" (abies koreana Oberon) - a dwarf variety with a domed crown and bright green needles evenly spaced around the entire shoot. Like the Brilliant variety, the height of the Korean dwarf fir "Oberon" at the age of 10 is about 40 cm with a width of 60 cm, some plants do not exceed 30 cm.

Korean fir (abies koreana) has more than 50 varieties. Among them are both large trees (up to 15 m in height) and dwarf species not exceeding 30 cm.

Korean fir "Brilliant"

. A dwarf obtained from a witch's broom. The shape of the crown is nest-like. It is grown both on the ground and on a low trunk. Plant dimensions at the age of ten: 30.4 × 40.6 cm, according to other sources 10 × 60 cm. Annual growth is 3-5 cm. The needles are bright green, located in such a way that the light lower part of the needles is visible.

Ice Breaker

Korean fir grows slowly and does not need pruning and crown formation for a long time.

The tree is undemanding to the composition of the soil, but does not tolerate excess moisture.

Korean fir "Oberon"

Korean fir is very shade-tolerant and is second only to yew among all conifers. Even in a shallow shade, it is able to form a fairly dense crown, descending to the very ground. But partial shade is required for it only in the first years, and in the open the crown is formed much more magnificent and beautiful.

up to 300 years.

This variety requires moist, fertile soil. Korean fir "Oberon" is ideal for small gardens and rock gardens, sun-loving, shade-tolerant. In the first years of life, it requires partial shade, then it develops beautifully in full light.

Korean fir "Silberlock" (abies koreana Silberlocke) has a conical crown shape, sometimes with several tops. At the age of 10, the Korean "Silberlock" pita reaches a height of 1.2-1.8 m. The needles of the Korean Silberlocke fir are bent in such a way that you can see their light whitish lower surface.

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Balsam fir Nana (Nana)

​"​ . Discovered in East Germany by collector Jorge Kohout. Obtained from "Horstmann's Silberlocke" witch's broom. Dwarf variety, domed crown shape. The needles are bent in such a way that their light lower surface is visible. The growth rate is about 2.5 cm per year. The diameter of the plant at the age of ten is about 30 cm.

​Green Carpet"​ Korean fir looks great in summer cottages in combination with other coniferous and deciduous plants. Against the background of dark needles, flower beds of various colors and ornamental shrubs look very advantageous.

Korean fir Green Carpet

This tree cannot be called a sissy, but planting once and for all is very important for it - no transplants, haircuts and pruning. He doesn’t like it very much when they touch her trunk: under the bark there are special resin pockets, similar to bubbles on the bark. If you press them, the resin will flow out, which is very harmful to the plant.

Korean fir "Oberon", like all types of fir, grows well on drained, fertile, moderately moist soils, without excessive waterlogging. This plant is ideal for rock gardens, rocky and heather gardens. "Silberlocke" is a low-growing fir, due to the intricately curved needles, it seems silvery from afar, hence it got its name (Silberlocke - "silver curl"). Sometimes it may seem that the tree is covered with frost, in the summer it looks very original. It is because of the unusual color of the needles and the illusion of two-color needles that the Korean silverlock fir is widely used in landscape design.

D. Guldemond and Son, 1963. Found in the Boskoop nursery (Netherlands). The name is given in honor of the king of the fairies Oberon. Dwarf variety. Growth is not regular, there is no leader, but by forming a crown, you can create a vertical shape. The needles are bright green, evenly spaced around the entire shoot. Plant diameter at ten years of age: 90-180 cm. Annual growth: 5-7.6cm.​ ​Lippetal"​

​"​ . Discovered around 1990 in Holland. Dwarf variety, cushion-shaped crown. The needles are dark green. Plant dimensions at the age of ten: 30 × 90 cm. Annual growth is about 5 cm.

Korean fir is great for the role of a New Year or Christmas tree. If it is customary in the family to celebrate the New Year in the country, fir dressed up in the yard is an excellent decoration for the site. Fir has soft needles, so even small children can decorate the tree on their own without fear of pricking. Vertical cones are very beautiful and decorative, similar to spaced candles. When planting, they observe a distance between seedlings of at least 2.5 meters. Usually the distance varies from 3 to 5 meters.​

Features of the plant balsam fir Nana (Nana) with a photo

- creeping form, up to 35 cm high, has dark green, rather short needles.

Korean fir, like all its relatives, prefers high soil and air humidity, but does not tolerate stagnant water. Its root system is not deep, which explains its particular sensitivity to soil compaction. Therefore, it is better to mulch the near-stem circle and in no case trample or tile it. Mulching will also save you from frequent watering during a drought.​

Vegetatively, annual cuttings with apical bud, seeds.

The crown of this dwarf tree is conical, with rounded buds and soft needles with curled edges. Despite its modest size, there are a lot of cones in the Oberon fir, they are all located vertically, mainly on last year's shoots. The scales of the cone tightly overlap each other, densely saturated with resin.

Planting and caring for balsam fir

This tree was first discovered in Germany in 1983. Now Korean fir silberlocke is popular with all gardeners in the world. The tree grows slowly, which allows you not to resort to a haircut for a long time.

. Dwarf variety. The leading shoots die off and the plant grows in different directions. The needles are green.

Pests and diseases of dwarf fir

Application of dwarf fir Nana

Knowing the type of fir and its growth rate, it is easy to foresee how the landscape will look in a few years. Most varieties of Korean fir grow slowly, which is their advantage in the eyes of gardeners and designers.

The best planting hole is square with a side of 50 to 60 cm. Planting depth is an average of 70 cm, plus or minus 10 cm. Usually a clod of earth around the roots of a seedling is about this size. The root neck should remain at ground level.

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Korean fir: cultivation, reproduction, varieties for the garden.

Fir trees are propagated by seeds, which must be sown before winter in grooves up to two centimeters deep. Seeds are harvested in autumn when the cones are ripe. Sowing can also be done after stratification - in the spring. Varieties can be propagated vegetatively - layering and cuttings cut from young plants. But at the same time, it must be borne in mind that without special treatment with drugs that stimulate root formation, the cuttings take root very poorly.

This miniature coniferous tree has short, dark green needles that have a beautiful sheen on top and two light stripes on the bottom.

The cones on the Oberon fir ripen already in the first year, with the onset of cold weather they disintegrate, while rather large seeds with “wings” are released.

The cones of this variety of abies koreana are purple, conical in shape, reaching up to 7 cm in length.

Ottostrasse"

. Slow growing tree with a conical crown. The needles are thick, matte, bluish. At the age of 10 years, it will grow to about 3 m. It forms cones well, 4-7 cm long. After maturation, the cones are brown, resinous.

While the tree is young, it can be transplanted without fear. It is risky to replant older trees.

​Select​ Seedlings are best planted in April or autumn - in September. The most convenient age for transplantation is 5-10 years. Planted to a depth of no more than 80 cm, the root neck is left at ground level. When planting, it’s a good idea to add slowly soluble mineral fertilizers.

Its fruits are cones, elongated, red-brown, reaching 5-10 cm in length. Fir needles exude a pleasant resinous aroma. Like many plants of the pine family, Korean Oberon fir is planted in spring or autumn in a hole twice as large as the volume of the root system. Compost should be laid at the bottom of the hole, and then a moistened lump with roots should be placed so that it ends flush with the soil surface. Then the mesh is untied, its ends are folded to the sides. It is not necessary to remove the mesh, as it will rot over time, leaving no traces. The hole needs to be covered and covered with earth. A recess should be formed around the trunk, through which the seedling should be watered abundantly - so that the earth around the roots is well saturated with moisture. At the end of planting, the soil must be mulched with compost. Pita Korean "Silberlok" can grow on acidic, slightly alkaline soils, landing on loamy substrates is possible. Silberlocke, like many representatives of the pine family, is photophilous and shade-tolerant, these trees should be protected from sunburn. Korean fir "Silberlok" is frost-resistant and moderately moisture-loving. In snowy winters, young trees can break off branches due to snow sticking, so it is necessary to install special supporting frames.​
. The variety is created from a witch's broom. Dwarf, crown dense, nest-like. At the age of 10 years, height is about 10 cm, width is about 40 cm. Annual growth: 3-4 cm. Needles are dark green. Luminetta"​"​
. Dwarf variety, domed crown shape. The needles are green. Used in rockeries.​ ​Gait"​ Korean fir can be propagated vegetatively by cuttings or layering. However, for better root formation, they must be treated with special preparations. Otherwise, the layers do not take root well.
- undersized variety, no more than 4 meters tall, with purple-blue cones, 3 - 4 cm in size; characterized by early fruiting. Fir loves fertile, loamy or slightly acidic soil. Desirable composition: clay, humus, peat and sand in a ratio of 2:2:1:1. Drainage is required on heavy soil. To do this, 20 cm of broken brick or crushed stone are poured into the bottom of the landing pit, 300 g of nitroammophoska and 10 kg of sawdust are added. The crown of a tree can be either narrow-pyramidal or cone-shaped. Balsam fir grows very slowly, in 10 years it reaches no more than 30 cm.
Botanical name: Korean fir "Molly" (abies koreana Molli) can reach 4 to 7 m in height with a 3-meter crown. Trees of this variety are generously strewn with erect cones of blue-violet color, up to 5 cm in length.​"​
. The shape of the crown is pyramidal. The height of an adult plant is 1.5-2 m with a crown diameter of about 1 m. It grows relatively quickly, the annual growth is 7-8 cm. The skeletal branches are thick, straight, strongly branched, grow evenly to the sides, move away from the center at an angle and are directed to the sides and up. The crown is symmetrical, regular, dense, flattened-rounded. The needles are shiny, long, thick, with a rounded tip, densely arranged, painted in rich green; the underside of the needles is light silvery white. Young needles are bright grassy green. Cones are small, blue-purple. Winter hardiness is good. Kahout's Ice Breaker​"​
. Received in Holland around 1990. The shape of the crown is almost cone-shaped. The needles are dark green. Dimensions at the age of ten 2.4 × 1.2 m.​ The land under the fir should be loosened and cleared of weeds. In the hot season, the tree is watered as needed, sometimes spraying (crown sprinkling) may be required. On average, it is enough to water the fir abundantly two or three times per season.​-​

With age, Korean fir, like other conifers, becomes more winter-hardy, but in the first winter after planting, the trunk circle must be additionally covered with peat or dry leaves. Young plants also require shelter from the sun - needles may turn red from burns in spring.

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Korean fir: planting and care - a guide

• Its branches are spreading, dense, growing horizontally. In care, it is not whimsical, frost-resistant and shade-tolerant. Such a plant easily withstands harsh climatic conditions. Small but strong branches can withstand the weight of snow. It grows well both in the sun and in the shade, but does not like gusty winds that can damage the bonsai. Even during intense heat, with infrequent watering, the fir will feel great, it is enough to water it 2 times a week.

Landing

Balsam fir Nana (Abies balsamea "Nana") - dwarf cushion tree, belongs to the Pine family.

Location selection

Korean fir "Molly" grows relatively slowly, the annual growth is no more than 6-7 cm. The trunk of this tree variety is straight and even. Thick shoots depart directly from the trunk, rushing to the sides and up at an angle, branch strongly, grow evenly.

Piccolo"

Landing time selection

​Jörg Kohout (syn.: "Kohouts Icebreaker"). Germany. Dwarf. Derived from "Horstmann's Silberlocke". Young plants are spherical, later a leader develops. Typical growth rate in most areas is 2.5-7.5 cm per year. At the age of 10 years, crown diameter is about 60 cm. Needles are very unusual. Colored from above in dark green color, silver-white below.The needles are bent in such a way that their light lower surface is visible.Due to this structure of the needles, the shoots appear silvery-green.

Soil preparation

​Hexenbesen Horrstmann"​

Landing features

In urban conditions, Korean fir does not tolerate polluted atmosphere, so it is cultivated mainly outside the city.

Starkers Dwarf

Korean fir varieties

reproduction

Seedlings of this plant are often bought in pots, with prolonged fertilizer contained in the soil, which allows the root system to be preserved during transplantation. Such a transplant allows the plant to take root quickly and painlessly. Balsam fir Nana is planted from March to November, including on hot days. Despite the fact that this plant is quite shade-tolerant, it is better to plant it in lit places, this contributes to the accelerated growth of dwarf fir.

Care

Homeland of balsam fir Nana:

The wide-conical crown of the Korean "Moth" fir does not require special pruning, as it naturally forms a regular, symmetrical shape with a clear, expressive, pyramidal silhouette.

. Dwarf variety, no leading shoot. The crown is wide and flat, the oldest plants are up to 1.5 m wide and only 30 cm high. The needles are located further apart compared to the species, small, green. Selection of Conein.​

top dressing

pruning

. Dwarf variety, domed crown shape. The needles are green, some are twisted in such a way that the lower silvery surface is visible. May burn in full sun.​

Dwarf Korean Fir Diamond

Varieties

- dwarf, up to 60 cm high and up to 70 cm wide; has thin and delicate needles that need protection from the sun.

Most often grown in gardens:

Young seedlings need a high level of humidity, so they are watered quite often with settled or lime-free water. In summer, watering is done twice as often as in winter. In cold weather, the volume of water is reduced so that the earth does not freeze, otherwise the plant may die. Fir does not need additional feeding, and an excess of fertilizer, as a rule, leads to its accelerated growth. If the plant does not increase in size for a long time, this indicates that it lacks nutrients, then you need to feed it with special fertilizers. Top dressing is done in spring and early summer.

North America.

The needles of this variety are flat, wide, thick, of medium length, painted in rich green with a slight bluish tinge. The lower surface of the needles is bluish-white. Against the background of old needles, a bright green growth stands out in contrast. Korean fir cones "Moth" has a large, blue-violet hue.

Application in landscape design

. A slender tree 5-7 m high with a crown diameter of about 2 m. Annual growth does not exceed 6-7 cm. The trunk is even, straight. Skeletal shoots are thick, straight, depart from the trunk at an angle, directed to the sides and upwards, grow evenly, branch strongly, especially at the ends. The crown is dense, regular, symmetrical, wide-conical or pyramidal. The needles are of medium length, wide, flat, located densely on the shoots, painted in rich green with a slight bluish tint, the bottom of the needles are soft bluish-white. Young growth is bright grassy green. Cones are very large, numerous, blue with a purple tint. In shading conditions, the shoots are unnecessarily stretched, and the crown becomes loose. Winter hardiness is good.

Kleiner Prinz"

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Korean fir varieties - Wikipedia

G

• ​Gunther Horstmann, 1978. Germany. Dwarf variety with a conical crown shape. Irregularly appearing individual branches with xbcnj yellow needles (difference from the variety "Variegata", which is not pure yellow), most of the branches with green needles. It is customary to feed young trees in the second or third year of life. For top dressing, complex mineral fertilizers are used.
• - Many lovers of these ornamental bonsai grow them in pots, and medium-sized containers are also suitable for this. To do this, use a loamy earth mixture containing a small amount of organic matter, which includes leafy humus, crushed bark and peat. Balsam fir is transplanted only when its roots become cramped in a pot or container. Lighting:
• The plant is shade-tolerant, but prefers open light spaces, sensitive to daily temperature changes. In dark conditions, the shoots of the Korean "Molly" fir are too long, the crown loosens. Trees of this variety are frost-resistant, require well-drained, moist soil. Pinocchio"​"​
• ​.​Hexenbesen Wursten"​"​
• Pruning often causes active additional branching in the tree. Most often, the crown of the correct shape is formed naturally, as the tree grows, without pruning. Silberzwerg Blue Standard
• If a tree is grown in good conditions, in compliance with all the requirements for its care, fir is rarely affected by pests and diseases. They appear on the plant only when the tree is weakened, which can happen due to adverse weather conditions, excessive drought or severe frost. Trees are affected mainly by fir hermes. Light-loving, shade-tolerant. Korean fir "Molly" is intended for both individual planting and mixed groups. It is widely used to form hedges, and in winter it will become an excellent New Year's tree.
• ​Edwin Carstens, early 1980s. Germany. Witch's broom. Dwarf variety, spherical crown shape. At the age of 10 years, the crown diameter is about 30 cm. The needles are bright green, according to other sources, bluish-green. Growth rate, about 2.5-5 cm per year. Grows slower than "Silber Mavers", but faster than "Silberkugel".​ ​N Degrees"​​"​

H

• . Dwarf variety, domed crown shape. The needles are green, some are twisted in such a way that the lower silvery surface is visible. May burn in full sun. Plant dimensions at the age of ten: 7.6 × 25.4 cm.​ Glauca" You can read about the choice of coniferous plants for garden decoration here.
• - undersized and slowly growing variety, silver needles; the crown is rounded with short, abundantly branching shoots. - has purple buds darker than the main view. Due to the external attractiveness of this plant, its small size, unusual crown shape and beautiful color of the needles, it is used for decorating garden plots, landscaping terraces and roofs, and decorating slopes.
• Soil: Like many trees in the pine family, Molli is susceptible to rot and hermes infection.​"​
• ​("N. Degrees"). Currently considered synonymous with "Silberperle". Dwarf variety. Does not require pruning. The needles are green. Growth rate: 2.5 cm per year. Plant dimensions at the age of ten: 10.1 × 30 cm.​ ​Kohout's Hexe"​​"​

I

• . Variety obtained in Holland. Medium sized tree with a conical crown. Blue-grey needles. Growth rate, about 30 cm per year.​​If you want to know how to properly transplant a phalaenopsis orchid, read about it at http://greennirvana.ru/rasteniya/cvety/kak-peresadit-falenopsis.html from other firs that are too sensitive to air pollution, Korean fir is more resistant to urban conditions. Therefore, it is often used for planting in groups and tapeworms.
• - Single, group plantings are used, in addition, Nana balsam fir is very often grown in containers. Moist, fertile, slightly acidic, without seals.

K

• Korean fir "Brilliant" (abies koreana Brilliant) refers to rare, very valuable plants, because it is not artificially cultivated, but a natural dwarf. Korean dwarf fir is necessary in the preparation of complex landscape compositions (in mixborders, discounts, Japanese and heather gardens). Also, Abies Koreana Brilliant can be used in single plantings in home gardens. Due to its compactness, Korean fir "Brilliant" perfectly takes root in tubs and containers. Prostrata"​"​
• ​("Kohout Hexe"). Found by Jorge Kohout in East Germany. Dwarf spherical variety. Grown on a trunk. The needles are green. Growth rate: 1.7-3 cm per year. Plant dimensions at the age of ten: 20.3 × 20.3 cm. Horstmann's Silberlocke​"​
• In this article you will find information on how to properly make drainage for flowers. 7 Application in landscape design Brilliant
• In group plantings, these trees are combined with their low counterparts: heather, eric, rhododendrons and other flowering perennials. They look just as impressive on their own. Watering: This dwarf plant has a compact, cushion-shaped (flat-spherical) crown shape. The needles of Korean fir "Brilliant" are short, soft, dense. The color of the needles is two-tone - on top the needles are glossy, dark green or bright green, at the bottom there are two longitudinal white-blue (silver) stripes. Brillant fir needles are very fragrant, with edges turned down and do not exceed 2 cm in length.
• . Forms a lot of blue-violet cones. ​Nadelkissen"​​"​

L

• ​(syn.: "Horstmann Silberlocke") Günter Horstmann, 1979. "Silberlocke" is a synonym for this variety. The shape of the crown is conical. At the age of 10 years, it reaches a height of 1.2-2 m with a crown diameter of about 1.5 m. The annual growth is 6-15 cm. The trunk is even, straight. Skeletal shoots are straight, even, strongly branched, grow evenly to the sides, depart from the trunk at an angle, directed to the sides and upwards. The crown is symmetrical, regular, wide-conical or pyramidal, with a clear, beautiful silhouette. Sometimes 2-3 peaks are formed. The needles are very unusual. Dark green above, silvery white below. The needles are bent in such a way that their light lower surface is visible. Due to this structure of the needles, the shoots appear silver-green. The plant is recommended to be planted in open, sunny places, at this location the crown is formed dense, compact. ​Goldener Traum"​ Among the numerous varieties of Korean fir, there are plants of different heights - from the tallest to dwarf.
• Korean fir belongs to light-loving plants. The soil should be fairly moist, but excess water will kill this tree. Therefore, if it is decided to plant Korean fir in a lowland, it is recommended to provide good drainage. - pillow-shaped crown, no more than 0.3 meters high. Dwarf cone-shaped forms perfectly decorate rock gardens and stone gardens. On the adjacent territory and the lawn, a single tree looks better. Balsam fir, the photo of which is presented below, is also used in traditional medicine. Its oil effectively helps with colds, and coniferous extract is added to various cosmetic preparations that have a healing, anti-inflammatory effect. Fir branches are used to make elegant New Year and Christmas wreaths and garlands.

M

• Abundant. Korean fir "Brilliant" - slowly growing, it adds no more than 3-4 cm per year. At the age of 10, the height of Korean dwarf fir is about 40 cm with a width of 60 cm. Unlike their tall relatives, whose lifespan reaches 150 years, this bonsai can live up to 300 years.

N

• . The variety is created from a witch's broom. Dwarf, crown dense, cushion-shaped. At the age of 10 years, height is about 20 cm, width is about 60 cm. Annual growth: 3-5 cm. The needles are bright green. ​Kohouts Icebreaker"​​"​
• . Compact shrub. The needles are yellow or yellow-green. The annual growth is 7.5-10 cm. For its beauty, the Silberlock variety has become widely known. This silvery Korean fir is very popular in landscape designers' compositions. Young plants do better in partial shade than under the sun. The soil for Korean fir can be infertile, even acidic. At the same time, on good soil rich in humus, Korean fir grows especially beautiful and decorative.
• - Fir is a coniferous evergreen plant belonging to the Pine family. The genus of firs has about fifty species, growing mainly in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere. But for the middle lane, Korean fir is most suitable - slowly growing with a very neat dense crown, of a beautiful emerald hue. It comes from the south of the Korean Peninsula, from which it got its name. It grows mainly in the mountains at an altitude of 100 to 1800 meters above sea level, forming mixed or pure forests. Maximum tree height:

O

• For planting Korean "Brilliant" fir, it is advisable to choose semi-shady or sunny areas, always protected from strong, gusty winds. Young plants should be shaded and protected from sunburn in spring and summer. Slightly acidic soil should be fertile, well-drained. Brillant fir is quite frost-resistant and can survive temperatures down to -29 ° C.​ ​Prostrate Beauty"​​"​
• . Dwarf variety. Obtained from the witch's broom "Horstmann's Silberlocke". At the age of ten, height about 30 cm, width about 50 cm. Needles are silvery, flat, bent showing a light lower part. Annual growth is about 2.5-4 cm. Germany.​ Horstmann"​"​

P

• Korean fir Silberlocke You can learn about the breeds of fast-growing trees in this article.​Compact Dwarf​
• Trees can reach a height of 15 meters. Short, up to two centimeters, shiny needles evenly and densely cover the branches, on which, starting from an early age, amazing purple cones grow, similar to New Year's candles-toys. But they do not survive until the New Year holidays - they scatter with seeds and scales, leaving only bare sharp rods, which also do not stay in place for long. Fir bears fruit especially abundantly at a young age. 1 m. Korean dwarf fir "Brilliant", like many undersized varieties, has a superficial root system.
• . Variety obtained from Arnold Arboretum. Dwarf variety, no leading shoot. The needles are dark green. Nana"​"​
• . Dwarf form. Green Ball Miniature fir varieties "Brilliant" looks great in tubs.