1. Double zh (zhzh) is written in the roots of the words uzhzh and, drozhzh and, burning, zhuzhat, mayzhevelnik and one-root. Wed: burn it (burn + burn) - burn burn (burn + burn), also burned.

If there is an alternation of sounds [zr // zzh], [zd // zzh], it is written zzh (and not zzh): see (cf. squeeze, rattling, maybe squeezing, etc.

Note. In rare words, bra z eika, bra z and is written only one z.

2. The double c (cc) is written in the word cc ora and one-root (about the spelling of the word quarrel, see § 27, note 4).

3. Double consonants are written in compound-abbreviated words if one part ends and the other begins with the same consonant: chief physician, municipal council, maternity hospital.

Note. In the first part of a compound-abbreviated word, which is a stem that ends in double consonants, only one consonant is written: gram plate, gru pkom, gruporg, kon armyets.

4. In words formed from stems ending in two identical consonants, double consonants before the suffix are preserved: five-point ← point, Gaulish ← Gaul, Hunnic ← hun, compromise←compromise, small group←group, diagram←diagram, program←program, telegram← telegram. Wed: University of Canberra (←Canberra), Cannes Film Festival (←Cannes), Lausanne Conference(← Lausanne).

Exceptions. In some words, in particular in diminutive names persons, in this case, one consonant is written:

1) crystal, finnish, column, five-ton, finca(usually double n contracts into one n in front of suffix -k-a), operetta;

2) Alka ← Alla, Anka ← Anna, Kirilka ← Cyril, Rimka ← Rimma, Savka ← Savva, Filipka ← Philip, Emka ← Emma.

5. Double consonants are written at the junction of a prefix and a root, if the prefix ends and the root begins with the same consonant: call, by dd elet, with ss edelnik.

Note. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of words such as give (prefix po) and succumb (prefix pod-). Wed: The door gave way under the blows (‘stopped staying in its original position’). - The door succumbed to the blows of a crowbar (‘didn’t hold back the pressure, the pressure’).

6. The spelling of double consonants in words of a foreign language origin is determined by the spelling dictionary:

abbreviation

abscissa

aggression

acclimatization

accommodation

letter of credit

accredit

accessory

alliteration

ammonia

ammonite

appeal

appendicitis

applique

aperture

approximation

assessor

atoll

attraction

babbit

ballast

to run

fiction

boss

gibbon

hippopotamus

gum arabic

gutta-percha

dilemma

distill

differential

differentiation

idyll

illuminations

indifferent

irrational

irrigation

calligraphy

cassation

terminal

collegiate

balloon

colossus

coral

corrosion

corruption

coefficient

crystal

mantissa

monsoon

opposition

parallelepiped

parallelogram

trade wind

platform

pessimism

spring

setter

settlement

syllabic

symmetry

rack

streptococcus

tennis

terrace

waste heap

territory

trolleybus

chlorophyll

cellulose

excess

ellipse

essence

Remember: these words are written with one consonant at the root:

unit

aluminum

attribute

bachelor

balustrade

barcarole

opening day

volleyball

gallery

landing

dessert

decibel

amateur

impresario

caricature

Qatar

midget

level

pilgrim

polite

privilege

producer

pudding

resource

wolverine

russism

sidewalk

unison, etc.

By leaps and bounds Razg. Express. Very fast (grow, climb, etc.). We decided to build. The funds were sufficient, grandfather Vasily and Anatoly, both excellent carpenters and carpenters, took up the axes themselves. The house has grown by leaps and bounds(V. Tkachenko. Litigation at home).

Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language. - M .: Astrel, AST... A.I. Fedorov. 2008.

Synonyms:

See what "By leaps and bounds" is in other dictionaries:

by leaps and bounds- like mushrooms, swiftly, quickly Dictionary of Russian synonyms. by leaps and bounds adverb, number of synonyms: 3 quickly (300) ... Synonym dictionary

grown by leaps and bounds- adj., number of synonyms: 1 increasing (65) ASIS Synonym Dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

like mushrooms- quickly, swiftly, by leaps and bounds Dictionary of Russian synonyms. like mushrooms adverb, count of synonyms: 3 quickly (300) ... Synonym dictionary

quickly- Briskly, briskly, fluently, agile, hastily, hastily, quickly, swiftly, hastily, greyhound, briskly, briskly, dashingly, briskly, instantly, headlong, gallop, trot. Rushing in full sail. Run as fast as you can, with all your might, with all your might, with all your might, with all ... Synonym dictionary

Capital inflows- (Cash inflow) Capital inflow is the inflow of funds into the country's economy from foreign sources Capital inflow and its impact on the state's economy, the role of foreign investment in the national economies of countries, import and export ... ... Investor encyclopedia

swiftly- See in a hurry ... Synonym dictionary

dough- NS; f. Fermenting batter (with yeast or sourdough). Put, withstand the dough. O came up. // Sourdough from this dough. Ascend on the dough (about the dough). How to grow on dough, to sprout (very quickly, by leaps and bounds). ◁ Spicy, oh, oh. Oh oh dough ... encyclopedic Dictionary

dough- NS; f. see also. dough a) Fermenting liquid dough (with yeast or sourdough) Place, stand the dough. Opa / ra came up. b) Ott. Sourdough from this dough. Ascend on dough (about dough) How to grow on dough, ascend (very fast ... Dictionary of many expressions

Criticism of the presidency of Vladimir Putin- Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin President Russian Federation from May 7, 2000 to May 7, 2008. He also served as president from December 31, 1999 to May 6, 2000. Contents 1 Transfer of power from Yeltsin ... Wikipedia

List of characters in the "Total Drama Series"- This article contains information about the characters in the "Total Drama Series" cartoon series. Contents 1 Appeared in "Island of Desperate Heroes" 1.1 Participants ... Wikipedia

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HISTORICAL COMMENTATION OF THE FACTS OF THE MODERN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

PHONETICS

1. The Proto-Slavic heritage in the modern Russian language is "obscured" by numerous phonetic, derivational and morphological processes. Prove that the following words originate from the same Proto-Slavic root.

Grain - yellow - gold - ash - green; doe - deer - elk; sharp-sighted - dawn - gaze - mirror - pupil - sight; food is poison; rooster - I sing; fire - burn; cuttlefish - ham; beak - slander; not - easy; dig - a ditch - tear; word - to be known - glory; heart - middle; speech - term; now - the first; sale - to give; twinkle - twilight; eyebrow - blond; wake up - cheerful - alert; the fruit is the tribe; science is a habit; fall asleep - sleep; ore - rust - red; courage is important; to crush - a crumb.

2. Prove that the words in the following groups of words go back to the same Proto-Slavic root. Divide the same-root words into two groups: those that, in your opinion, retain the semantic connection in the modern language and those that have lost it.

Oblivion is the future; reaper - harvest - handshake - antics; flat - area; plant - grove; soreness - to pinch; guest - a treat; sophisticated - sharp; resentment - envy; rim - counselor; wrapper - return; vow - advice - hello; time is a collar; loss - abyss - abyss; pillow - tub; knot - to tie; dinner - south; nook - bush; goat - skin; gnawing - a hernia; snowdrift - row; splinter - knife; perm - broom; blacksmith - horseshoe; blur out - strum; roof - roof - frank; witch - a story; manger - ate - poison; who - why; fur - a bag; to sew - a seamstress; citizen - citizen - hedge; the king is a rabbit.

3. Using etymological dictionaries, determine whether words are related in the following groups. Justify the genetic relationship (where it is), taking into account the ancient semantics of words and the way they appeared in the Russian language.

How many times have they told the world

That flattery is disgusting, harmful, but everything is not for the future,

And a flatterer will always find a corner in his heart.

October has already come - the grove is shaking off the last leaves from its naked branches;

The autumn cold has died - the road freezes.

The murmur is still running behind the mill a stream.

But the pond was already frozen.

My friends: our union is wonderful!

He, like a soul, is inseparable and eternal -

Unwavering, free and carefree

It grew together under the shadow of friendly muses.

Once upon a time in the cold winter time

I left the forest. There was a bitter frost.

I look - slowly rises up the hill

A horse carrying brushwood.

(Nekrasov)

I grew up in patterned silence

In the cool nursery of the young age.

I loved burdocks and nettles,

But most of all the silver willow.

And grateful she lived

With me all my life, weeping branches

Insomnia fanned with dreams.

And - strange! - I survived it.

(Akhmatova)

The earthly heart is getting cold again

But I meet the cold with my chest.

I keep to people in solitude

Unrequited love.

But behind love - anger ripens, Enlightenment and desire grows Read in the eyes of husbands and virgins the Seal of oblivion or recognition.

9. To what vowel phoneme do the selected vowels in words from the texts of the ХУШ-Х1Х centuries go back?

1. What incomprehensible law is striving for you, it bothers you (Tyutchev). How did you knock him out of the stirrups (Pushkin). And there are many hares in those places (Sumarokov). 4. You need mittens like Petrovka's (Eat. Dahl). 5. The need for a mitten is akin to a varig (Ate Dahl).

With what events in the history of Russia is the origin of the word mitten connected?

10. Consider the expression "closes inward." Find the original root and explain what changes took place before the modern word came into being. Is the form normative inside?

11. How can you explain the phonetic differences in the pronunciation of the root in the words that make up these pairs:

one - the only one, autumn - Yesenin, deer - Yelensky, hedgehog, Ukrainian. ozhik;

boat - boat, even - equal, work - farmer, growth - vegetation, bottling - pouring;

Ulyana - Julia, dinner - south, ear - yushka, lamb - lamb.

12. Indicate in the words the phonetic signs of the Old Slavonic and Old Russian languages.

Youth, lamb, lot, foal, supper, apple, turn, equality, ear, rotate, unit, chief, young, grove, food, turn, burden, reliable, alphabet, boat, forward, shore, lake, warning, towel, contrary, deer, dress, the same, country, heap, theft, holy fool, birch, powder, see off, morning, wednesday, harmful, film, condemn, powerful, enmity, even, different, boat, chief, bearish, like it, scold.

13. VRussian literary language, in the texts of fiction there are the following examples of the second full consent:

dunce, twilight, stupid, swallow, bird cherry (bird cherry), rope, sister-in-law, salting (in the sun), molonia, goat-tree.

Find the same root words for them without a full-vowel form and determine in what conditions the "second vowel" could be preserved in the listed lexemes.

14. Explain the origin of full-voiced forms in the following examples:

1. His hand just flies like a molon (Leskov). 2. As he threw himself into the fire (Nikitin). 3. Bakshey will certainly fall off, because his eyes have already become completely chilled and his lips are gathered together with a string and the whole grin is open (Leskov). 4. I was still a little on all fours, and I crawled between the horses' legs (Leskov). 5. They call my name, but they call me a duck - and with these empty words the popoloz was with a candle in some small corner (Leskov). 6. I can order you to cut or tie you to ponytails in front of me and open you across the field (Leskov). 7. So the thief is confusing. He's not so embarrassing in the world, but here, where they are observed, he speaks here (Leskov).

15. These full-voiced forms are used in modern dialects and in common speech. Determine their original shape and explain the origin of the full-voiced version. Can we assume that some of these forms will be used in the literary language?

Vodoren "absolutely, forever", on the forehead "detail of the weaving machine", but - ice "reed", "hearty" ice, "bad weather", clutter, hustle and bustle "fuss", whirring, black "red", reckless "cheerful", tavolozhnik, stump, saline, cavity, "ice hole".

16.H Does this explain the presence of such phonetic variants?

The wind blew, howling sadly (Pushkin). - A fair wind blows (Pushkin). A firefire destroyed their houses (Pushkin). - She already feels the fire of his breath (Pushkin).

What is common and what is the difference between the words of group a) and group b) from a historical point of view?

a) Fire, songs, wind, fables, coal, cunning, land, sisters.

b) Crane, kind, theater, life, ruble, ship, dark, round.

17. Did the reduced b, b (not at the end of words) take place in the following forms of words extracted from poetic texts of the last century?

Whirlwind, veter, fire, ashes, mold, greetings, design, marriage, masculine, armchair, stranger, service, bodor, igol, igor, iskor, secluded places, weasel, vetel bas, brides, weddings, pines, voznalsya, buckets, numbers, kernels, round, soles, rezov, tricky, flat, knotted, sharp, tepil, windows, izob, glass, pumpkin, oils, twilight, yastv.

Which of the forms are preserved in modern language? Comparing the given words for a certain common feature, try to establish the conditions that led to the delimitation of the shapes (for example: round–cunning).

18. Explain the appearance of forms of the type: "from the lips of an excited priest with that divine heat" or "the laws are written all on the decks" (- Akovsky).

19. What phonetic processes led to the emergence of the following historically related pairs of words:

Greek - walnut; merchant - merchant (mouth); male - masculine (mouth); collection - cathedral; to convene - to convene; departed - a hermit; Shvets - Shevtsov (surname); board - tska (professionalism from the speech of icon painters); soil - sole; dog lover - Sabashnikov (surname); candlestick - Sveshnikov (surname); mitten - Rukavishnikov (surname); kalachny - Kalashnikov (surname); accurate - meticulous?

20. Explain why it is possible to pronounce a soft p in the following words: upstairs, pussy willow, first, Thursday, church, mirror.

21. Write down sentences in quotation marks: a) in modern spelling; b) in accordance with the correct spelling in the XIX century.

What phonetic features of speech can be restored on the basis of the above samples of profanity, semi-literate writing?

1. On the sides of this piece of art was written: “Here are the drinks! they cut their hair! Idam heads are removed! and rush - ki! " (J. Butkov). 2. Two tavern establishments and a barber shop with an inscription that literally reads: “They let goats here and cut and shave goats” (N. Leskov). 3. “Ksemu shotyu kuhmeister Makhaev put his hand with his hand” (Ya. Butkov). 4. “I’m summing up the darn pozin, it’s a matter of fooling the kulu” (resolution of the Minister of War Sukhozanet, mid-19th century; posin - Posen, fooling - “making”). 5. “Whenever someone fists at a buplichny place with a bullet and drinks a rotten one ...” (P. Boborykin. From a lecture by a German professor at a university in the capital).

22. Explain what processes of historical phonetics led to the transformation of the following case forms of nouns into adverbs: home> home, dolov> down with.

Why do you think the analogous form of the annual has not become an adverb in the modern language?

23. Why did the following variants of pronunciation and spelling of one root become possible in the words of the modern literary language: warrior - military; loan - mutual; have a mercenary?

As a result of what phonetic changes there was a "bifurcation" of the root of the word, is there not in such a divergence the influence of "bookish" speech?

24. Explain the vowel changes in the following modern literary language word pairs:

fighter - fighter; awarded - worthy; racks - resistant; living - living; being - being; hare - hare; well - well; swan - swan; dig - I dig.

Write these words in Old Russian. Comparing modern and ancient Russian forms, tell me what changes have occurred in them. Whether phonetic changes alone contributed to the transformation

words?

25. Explain why the transition e> "o did not take place in the following words:

end, village, day, grandfather, universe, arena, hatred, zemsky, white, willow, ballet, theme, sincere, victim, well done, mature, first, cutlet, Thursday, girl, sky, Smolensk, once, interest, church, copper, bread, cross, finger, envelope, mirror, princess.

26. Explain why the transition e> "o took place in the following words:

green, on a birch, godmother, silk, take, youth, aunt, jet, palate, acorn, surprised, thimble, funny, wives, on the rise, film, bag, carried away, wheel, two-wheeled.

27. Explain why the following variants of words were possible (including dialectal and vernacular):

reckless - reckless; hope is reliability; scam - scam; modern - modern; transverse - transverse; stooped - stooped; harder - harder; deadwood - deadwood; clothing - clothing; inspired - inspired; custody - custody.

28. Establish the reason for the absence of the transition e> "o in one of the words in each pair of the examples given:

scientist - educational; ice - sleet; bag - sachet (mouth); villages - rural; bile - bilious; pot - pot (mouth); hope is reliable; sisters - nursing; clamor - rebellion; since the times - modern; led - leading; the sky is the palate; cross - intersection; finger - thimble; day laborer.

29. Is it possible to explain the difference in the pronunciation of the tone [e] by the differences between the Old Moscow and Old Petersburg norms in the following words:

bile - bile, lye - lye; a bag - a bag, a bag - a bag, yours - yours, mine - mine.

What pronunciation has become the norm in the literary language?

30. Comment on the presence or absence of alternating vowels and consonants in the following examples:

awakened, but: awakened; you will receive, but: you will find; hot, but: burning; person, but: personal; squad, but: friends; bakes, but: (dial.) bakes; ridge, but: ridge; sink and drip; drown and (simple) drown.

31. What phonetic pattern is violated in the pronunciation of these words?

Nests, stars, bloomed, acquired, saddles, buckets, yell, bitch, escaped (dial.), Talk (dial.).

32. Explain why the spelling of these words does not match their etymology.

Ferry (compare: Old-born porom, pol. Prom, Czech. Pram);

glass (compare: old-r. d'stankan, modern north-r. stokan);

badger (borrowed from Türk, Yaz .; borsuk);

kalach (compare: old-r. kolo - "circle", modern river about, wheel);

nettle (compare: Ukrainian kropiva, Bulgarian kopiva);

lapta (compare: shovel, burdock, lop-eared);

quotation marks (compare: clutch);

cuttlefish (compare: ham, Bulgarian krak - "leg", pol. krok - "step");

terry (compare: moss, hairy);

33. Using etymological dictionaries, establish the origin of the selected vowels in the following words:

m and zinets, m a chrovy, l e b e qb, p e snits, m e tel, n a rum.

34. What is the historical root in the following words? Why have these words changed not only in pronunciation, but also in spelling?

Pocket, killer whale, noodles, child, little finger, sitting, now, junk, ram, gudgeon.

35. When preparing the spelling reform in 1905, it was proposed to introduce the spelling kind, red-haired, best, scanty (like bad, someone else's) instead of kind, redhead, etc., but left blue, winter, skinny, blue, winter, skinny. Was it not violated at the same time general principle transferring a post-stressed vowel in different positions?

36. Make a historical commentary on the following provision of the “Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation” (Moscow, 1956): “When establishing the spelling about or a in the non-striking roots of verbs, one should not take into account the imperfective forms of the na - vel with the struck a, for example: he trampled on because he tramples on (although he trampled), to be silent, they are silent, because they are silent (although to keep silent). "

37. How to historically explain alternations and the associated spelling rules for these words:

grow - sprout, align - compare, swim - swimmer, bow - bow, touch - touch, collect - collect?

38. Is double pronunciation and spelling of the following words possible:

double-dealer, pharmacy, lotoshny, Stoleshnikov lane, brown, exact, antique, country house, sunny, bakery?

What explains the discrepancies in the pronunciation and spelling of words that in the past had a similar combination - whose-?

39. Explain the origin of the long consonants [w "] and [w"], indicated in modern spelling in different ways:

looking for, yeast, happiness, peddler, later, reins, more, arriving, rain, vegetable, tablet, mother-in-law, driven out, square, thicket, pike.

40. “Let us give literary and non-literary (in brackets) variants of the words cabbage soup, rain (in the name of the item and the genus of the number unit) and squeal; for the Russian literary language, there is still some kind of pronunciation norm, which the writing is guided by:

vizhjyat

(see) ".

(Shcherba of the Russian letter. - L., 1983. - P. 24).

In this quote from a book written in 1943, review the suggested pronunciation types and establish the modern literary variant (s). Based on the origin of the corresponding forms, determine the original pronunciation of each of them. Is it possible, on the basis of the listed types of pronunciation, to establish a historical sequence in changing the pronunciation of these word forms? What processes in the language determined the changes in the pronunciation of these particular words?

41. In modern literary language, there are pronunciation options for the following words:

to doubt - to doubt, to nap - to light it, to plan - to plow, a pebble is a pebble, a feather is a perushka, the sun is a sun, the bottom is a donushko.

What is the origin of each of these options and which one is the original? Which pronunciation is preferable in the modern norm and which do you yourself prefer?

For reference, use the readings of dictionaries, especially etymological and historical ones.

42. In the Russian literary language of the XIX century. there were the following pronunciation options:

soft - soft - soft - soft; small - small; bad - bad; light - light; strong - strong - strong.

What caused the appearance of these options? Which ones are older, why? What variants of words are used now?

43. Compare the pairs of words and explain the appearance of the sound [in]:

"Monster bastard" - vobla; "Eighteenth century" - eight; father - patrimony; sharp - oriental; smallpox - a fool; stepfather - votchich; (simple) vohra - (lit.) ocher.

44. Using the etymological dictionary, determine whether the original form has been preserved in the pronunciation of the following words of the modern language: wing, nimble, grymza, krynka, grub.

If the pronunciation of a word has changed, explain why.

45. Explain how the dialectal pronunciation of soft back-lingual words in these words is associated with the fall of the reduced ones.

Father, barrel, Kolka, Vanka, upstairs.

46. It is known that the combinationstl, dl, tj, dj, kteven in the prehistoric period, the development of the Russian language underwent changes. Explain why words like saddle, avid, broom, light, judge, matchmaker, elbows.

47. Explain the origin of phonetic phenomena inherent in dialects and vernacular in the following words:

unuk, buhvet, fost, sneh, quet ("color"), shipbuilder, eight, vutka, radivo, dressed, hulyugan, obarit ("scald"), probably, verba, talk, sacks, Vanka, robyata, toper, boran.

48. “The old talk, clubfoot, large. He says: "scho, kago, yago, mayago, tabe, sabe, now", but everything is somehow so that it is a great pleasure to listen to him ... That a one-man is immediately noticeable by his dialect "(Bunin).

In the speech of the one-house palace from near Kozlov (now Michurinsk), portrayed by the writer, there are still the following pronunciation features: “Mayago kobelka cannot be seen all day, all day in the threshing floor, mouse. And this is definitely a must to the dogzh, she, the mouse-rat, drying up, smells stronger before the dogzh. "

"Well, well, and if it gets wet a little, maybe not sugar, we won't melt."

“Here I’m making sabe seagulls. Samovarchik, to admit, no, but this one is pampering, and we will drink from a cast iron. "

"My soul is straight, accepting everything."

“Varyazh with a prikashykom”; “On speech”; "Usyaki tweets"; “The village was rich”; "Mine at the zelenam garden"; "Huntik sausages" (Bunin).

Provide a historical commentary on phonetic and morphological dialectisms in the quotes quoted.

Judging by the phonetic features of speech, could the hero of the story be from near Tambov?

49. Why is the letter a not preserved in modern Russian graphics, although there is a paired letter a, and the syllabic principle of Russian graphics requires a paired grapheme?

50. Write down the following words of the modern Russian language in the transcription and explain the origin of the secondary meanings of the corresponding letters expressed in it:

Grandpa, hoisted, spy, gunner, counting - for d;

Wagon, carry, lower, fry, carter, go - for z;

Of course, to lie down, disappeared, the carrier, freckled, the man - for h;

Village, price, six more, ours, field, happiness, black, silk, hedgehog-for e;

In what phonetic positions does the development of secondary meanings most often occur in traditional letters of the Russian alphabet? Can the changes noted for different cases be summarized in general groups and explained in the same way?

51. VWhich of the above words is the letter ь - the reflex of the reduced sound [ь], and in which - the spelling is purely traditional:

rye, mouse, carry, carry, hide, eat, smear, cut, completely, gallop, wide open, away, see, see, just?

52. Provide a historical commentary on some of the spelling rules of modern literary language (see the 1956 Spelling and Punctuation Code).

§ 13 and 14 - explain the patterns of alternation o // a (jump - jump out, bow - bend over, offer - offer, dunk - wet) and e // and (burn - burn, bed - post, subtract - subtract, lean - lean).

§ 17 - why a table is a table, a janitor is a janitor, a glass is a glass, but a knife is a knife, a ravine is a ravine, a lamb is a lamb?

§ 4 - what historical regularity is found in the spelling rules about and e in the roots of words, why is it written black, silk, millstone, but seam, glutton, beetle, arson (n.)?

§ 7 - when and why it became necessary to introduce this rule: when combining a prefix ending in a consonant with a root or other prefix that begins with and is written, according to the pronunciation, according to general rule s, for example: wanted, previous, etc.?

§§ 42 and 43 - why are we writing satisfied with Ivan Turgenev, but with Green, Pskov, Kryukov?

§ 49 and 50 - when did it become necessary to determine the rules of writing in such cases as oak, bowl, flight? Why are c prefixes not written as a general rule? Why can't the spelling of the words wedding, staircase, hole be checked?

§ 56 - why is it written, of course, laundry, but a lotus, a double dealer, a small town, scrofulous, bustling, earpiece?

§ 57 - how to explain the spelling of good, blue, him, that, everything, mine (spelled g, pronounced c)?

§ 63 - to what extent is the spelling of one n in adjectives (fried) and two nn in participles (fried) consistent with historical data?

Give a historical commentary on three or four other Russian spelling rules.

53. Give a full historical commentary on the poetic texts. Determine what sounds and combinations of sounds the author uses to create poetic sound writing. Give a phonemic characterization of these vowels and consonants, show which of them differ in their phonemic characteristics from the Old Russian XI century.

The mermaid floated on the blue river,

Illuminated by the full moon;

And she tried to splash the silvery foam of the wave to the moon.

And rustling and spinning, the river shook the clouds reflected in it;

And the mermaid sang - and the sound of her words flew to the steep banks.

And the mermaid sang: “At the bottom, the flicker of the day plays;

There are golden fish herds walking,

There are crystal cities there ... "

(Lermontov)

Quiet in the thicket of juniper along the cliff.

Autumn - red mare - scratches her mane. Over the river bank

The blue clank of her horseshoes is heard.

Shemnik wind with a careful step

Crumples foliage over road ledges

And kisses on a rowan bush

Red ulcers to the invisible Christ.

Oh how I want

Inaccessible by anyone

Fly in the wake of the beam

Where I am not at all.

And you shine in a circle - There is no other happiness

And learn from the star

To what light means.

He is only that and a ray,

He is only so and light,

What is mighty in a whisper

And warmed with babbling.

And I want you

Say what I'm whispering,

What a whisper to a ray

I will hand you over, child.

Correct spelling of the dictionary word "yeast", which contains double consonants, with dubious letters:

yeast

It should be remembered that the vocabulary word "yeast and" is spelled with letters lzh".

Phrases and sentences with other words:

The driver carrying sacks of yeast pulled on the reins and.
The yeast taste always gave her a slight burning sensation on the tip of her tongue.
Suddenly, a barely audible buzz was heard in the pan with yeast.

Combining a dictionary word into phrases and sentences with others in vocabulary words, for which the same letter is doubtful, allows you to remember the spelling of several words at once.

Phraseologisms and quotes with a dictionary word:

Contradiction is the yeast of understanding. (Aphorism,

The idea grows fat and swells with the yeast of war, centimeter by centimeter the level of blood spilled for it rises. And now she is already smugly sitting on the throne ... (Aphorism,

Money is like yeast: needs are good for it. (Aphorism,

Phraseologisms and quotes with the word "yeast" help to remember the spelling of a dictionary word in an interesting expression.

Poems with a vocabulary word for memorization:

Let go of memory, but not immediately and with difficulty -
It will torment, shake and disturb.
Doubt will throw, and not one,
For old, barely living yeast.

(Poem by Larisa Pyatkova)

And your longing is inconsolable
Suddenly it will seem like a nonsense joke.
Life is involved in many leaps and bounds -
Half white, half black ...

(Poem by Ekaterina Rustamova)

To be alone is dangerously unreasonable:
In them, insolence, anger grows by leaps and bounds ...
The vice of the soul, among the noisy companies,
They were forced to hide both shame and fear.

(Poem by Lucius Anneas Seneca)

Reading poems using a double consonant word dictionary is a fun way to memorize the spelling of a word.

See also the spelling dictionary:

Yeast - spelling the word, stressing
spelling or how to spell a word correctly, stressed and unstressed vowels in it, various forms of the word "Yeast"

See also the explanatory dictionary:

Yeast - what does the word mean, its interpretation and meaning
definition and meaning, explanation of the meaning and what the word means
Yeast, th. A substance from microscopic fungi, you ...

Other vocabulary words related to food.