Methods for the production of high-quality copper. Production of non-ferrous metals. Medical production
Copper ores are used for copper, as well as copper waste and its alloys. Rudah contains 1 - 6% copper. The ore containing less than 0.5% copper is not processed, since at the modern level of the technique from it from it is unprofitable.
There it is melted and cleaned to anodic copper, which, in turn, is processed in the process of electrolytic refining in copper cathodes. Cathodes are made of rods and round ingots. Anode solution formed in the process is the source material for the production of precious metals. Leads are obtained from lead dust, and nickel sulfate and copper sulfate are obtained from the processing of the spent electrolyte. Gases made of metallurgical furnaces are used to produce sulfuric acid.
In addition, the company had 6 deposits, and the annual production of copper was about 100,000 at the time of purchase. tons. The acquisition of the Canadian company was to lead the Polish company to an increase in its raw materials base, a decrease in the average cost of production, the ability to carry out major international projects, diversify their business and combine management skills. It is assumed that the Chilean quarry will produce 220,000 tons. Copper tons per year, 25 million pounds of molybdenum and 64 thousand tons of copper per year. Gold oz.
Copper is in the form of sulfur compounds (Cufes 2 - Hallko-Pyrite, CU 2 S - Halcozin, CUS - Kovelin), oxides (CUO, CUO) and bicarbonates
An empty breed of ore consists of pyrite (FES 2), quartz (SiO 2), various compounds containing Al 2 O 3, MgO, Cao, and iron oxides.
Rudes sometimes contain significant amounts of other metals (zinc, gold, silver and others).
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Sierra Gorda belongs to the fourth largest mining project in the world. Final investments amounted to 4, 2 billion dollars. Representatives of the Board of Directors and Members of the Management team held about 120 direct and 20 group meetings, submitting the company to representatives of about 160 institutional investors. As for relations with individual investors, recently there has been a noticeable improvement in the company. For individual investors, it was an opportunity to ask your questions and direct contact.
There are two ways to obtain copper from ores:
- hydrometallurgical;
- pyrometallurgical.
Hydrometallurgical did not find its widespread use due to the inability to extract precious metals in terms of copper.
The pyrometallurgical method is suitable for processing all ores and includes the following operations:
The company's website in a special section for investors contains greater information. Someone compared steel plants with big kitchenwhere the bucket content is filled with one to another, and in each of them "Metal Soup" becomes richer, cleaner and more valuable. However, it is only the beginning of a long process, which begins at the rudiment factory and ends with the process of metallurgical electric paper.
What happens during copper production? The main consumers of cathodes are manufacturers of rods, rods, flat rods, pipes, sheets and strips. Steel rolling is produced and delivered to the market in grades of quality corresponding to the requirements of the customer. The product ultimately reaches customers in the cable industry for both thin wires, enamelled wires, fire-resistant cables and audio and video cables. Anaerobic silver wire is used in the manufacture of triples, switches and other specialized applications with high specific conductivity.
- preparation of ores to smelting;
- melting on matte;
- converting matte;
- refining copper.
Preparation of ores to smelting
Preparation of ore is to conduct enrichment and firing. Enrichment of copper ores are carried out by flotation. As a result, a copper concentrate is obtained, containing up to 35% of copper and up to 50% sulfur. Concentrates are usually increasing in the furnaces of the boiling layer in order to reduce the sulfur content to optimal values. When firing, sulfur occurs at a temperature of 750 - 800 ° C, the sulfur part is removed with the gases. As a result, a product is called the Ogrom.
In turn, copper copper from molten copper and stretched copper are sent to the construction industry and electrical engineering. In the process of electrochip, if we separate copper from the rest, we will get silver, gold, lead, selenium, nickel and lace. During concentrate reflux, we obtain another intermediate compound of sulfuric acid for use in fertilizers and household chemicals.
This is an excellent financial decision - because year after year he brings big profits with a copper holding, but also the environment. Sequential processes allow you to extract valuable elements that are deposited in sediment and dust of copper cathodes. Polish copper precipitation.
Floating on Stein
Melting on mattes lead in reflective or electrical furnaces at a temperature of 1250 - 1300 ° C. The melting enhanced concentrates of copper ores enter, during the heating of which the reaction of the reduction of copper oxide and higher iron oxides flow
6Cuo + Fes \u003d 3CU 2 O + FeO + SO 2
FES + 3FE 3 O 4 + 5Sio 2 \u003d 5 (2Feo · SiO 2) + SO 2
As a result of the interaction of Cu 2 O with FES, Cu 2 S is formed by reaction:
To obtain pure lead, it is subjected to the refining process, which leads to an increase in the purity and value of this metal. This is a precious and very rare metal. Because of his unique properties, among other things, is used lace. For the production of details of a turbine jet engine, gas turbines and spacecraft screens. The use of rhenium allows engines to operate at higher temperatures, which increases their performance, while ensuring more efficient operation.
This metal is also used in the petrochemical industry, which is used as a catalyst in the production of high-octane gasoline. It is also used to produce heating elements, electrical contacts, electrodes, electromagnets, vacuum pipes and X-ray tubes, incandescent bulbs, metal coatings and rocket engines.
Cu 2 O + Fes \u003d Cu 2 S + Feo
The sulfides of copper and iron, molting among themselves, form matte, and molten iron silicates, dissolving other oxides, form a slag. Stein contains 15 - 55% Cu; 15 - 50% FE; 20 - 30% S. Slag consists mainly of SiO 2, FEO, Cao, Al 2 O 3.
Steins and slag produced as they accumulate through special holes.
Converting Stein
The converting of the matte is carried out in the copper-smelting converters (Figure 44) by blowing it with air for oxidation of sulfur iron, the transfer of iron into the slag and the isolation of draft copper.
It is used in the petrochemical industry for the production of catalysts for high-octane gasoline. It is also an intermediate product for the production of rhenium powder and metallic rhenium. It is used as an additive for the supervisors used in the production of components requiring resistance to high temperatures. Engine components for aerospace industry, gas turbines, filaments and thermal shields. Reniye powder with minimal content 99, 7% is made by individual order.
The converters have a length of 6-10 m and the outer diameter of 3-4 m. The fill of the molten matte, the drain of the smelting products and the removal of gases is carried out through the neck located in the middle part of the converter housing. To purge the matte, compressed air is supplied through the tours located on the forming converter. In one of the end walls of the converter, a hole is located through which the pneumatic loading of quartz flux is carried out, which is necessary to remove iron into the slag.
The purge process leads in two periods. In the first period in the converter poured the matte and feed quartz flux. In this period, the sulfide oxidation reactions flow
The European Union increasingly focuses on green technologies, which meet the energy goals established for the year. Therefore, it is important to study the impact on environment Raw materials used in equipment for the production of renewable energy sources.
Copper is a raw material that can be found in many industries, electronics and construction. Energy is an important area of \u200b\u200bits use. This is due to the fact that copper is the best conductor of heat and electricity and increases the operational efficiency of all equipment for renewable energy sources. That is why it is used in wind turbines, photovoltaic elements, solar systems Heating and tidal energy generators. The role of copper in the development of "green technologies" is indisputable, but it is necessary to ask how the absorption of copper itself and its processing affects the environment.
2fes + 3o 2 \u003d 2fe + 2SO2,
2CU 2 S + 3O 2 \u003d 2CU 2 O + 2SO 2
The resulting ironing of iron interacts with quartz flux and removed into the slag
2Feo + SiO 2 \u003d (FeO) 2 · SiO 2
As the slag accumulates, it is partially drained and poured into the converter a new portion of the source matte, supporting a certain level of the matte in the converter. In the second period, the copper rushing interacts with the copper sulphide, forming a metal copper
2CU 2 O + Cu 2 S \u003d 6CU + SO 2
Thus, as a result of purging, black copper is obtained, containing 98.4 - 99.4% Cu. The resulting draft copper is poured into flat molds on a ribbon filling machine.
Refining copper.
To obtain copper of the necessary purity, rough copper are subjected to fire and electrolytic refining. In addition, in addition to removing impurities, noble metals can be extracted.
With fire refining, rough copper is loaded into a fiery furnace and melted in an oxidative atmosphere. Under these conditions, the impurities that have a big affinity for oxygen than copper are removed from copper.
To accelerate the refining process in the bath with molten copper, compressed air is supplied. Most impurities in the form of oxides are transferred to the slag (Fe 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2), and some impurities during refining are removed with gases. Noble metals with fire refining are completely in copper. In addition to noble metals in copper in small quantities, antimony, selenium, tellurium, arsenic are impurities. After firing refining, copper purity is obtained 99 - 99.5%.
To remove these impurities, as well as to extract gold and silver, copper is exposed to electrolytic refining.
Electrolysis lead in special baths, lined in lead or other protective material. Anodes are made of copper firing refining, and cathodes are from thin sheets of clean copper. The electrolyte serves a solution of copper sulfate. When the direct current is passed, the anode is dissolved and copper goes into the solution. Cathedral ions are discharged at cathodes, precipitated on them with a durable layer of pure copper.
Popular impurities of noble metals fall on the bottom of the bath in the form of a residue (sludge). After electrolytic refining, copper purity is obtained 99.95 - 99.99%.