Our own solar system seems too big, extending more than 4 trillion miles from the sun. But it is just one of the billions of other stars that make up our Galaxy Milky Way.

General characteristics of the planets of the solar system

The usual picture of the solar system is as follows: 9 planets rotate in its oval orbits around a constant, always burning sun.

But the characteristic of the planets of the solar system is much more complicated and more interesting. In addition to them, there are many of their satellites, as well as thousands of asteroids. Far outside the orbit of Pluto, which was recognized as a dwarf planet, are tens of thousands of comets and other frozen worlds. Tied with gravity to the Sun, they rotate around it at huge distances. The solar system is chaotic, constantly changing, sometimes even sharply. Gravity forces make neighboring planets to influence each other, with time by changing orbits to each other. Hard collisions with asteroids can give planets new tilt angles. The characteristic of the planets of the solar system is interesting because they sometimes change climatic conditions, because their atmosphere is developing and modified.

Star named sun

No matter how sad it is to realize, but the Sun gradually consumes its nuclear fuel supply. Through billions of years, it will expand to the size of a giant red star, absorbs the planet Mercury and Venus, on the ground the temperature will rise to such indicators that the oceans evaporate into space, and the earth will become a dry rocky world that looks like today's Mercury. Having exhausted the entire supply of nuclear synthesis, the sun will decrease to the size of white dwarf, and after millions of years, it will turn into black dwarfs as a burnt shell. But 5 billion years ago, the sun and his 9 planets were not yet. There are many different versions of the appearance in the clouds of space gas and the dust of the Sun as the protozing and its system, but as a result of billion years of nuclear synthesis modern man Watches it as now.

Together with the Earth and other planets, the star named the Sun was born about 4.6 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust, which turned into space. Our star is a bowl of flaming gases if the sun could be weighed, the scales would show the 1990,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg of substance consisting of helium and hydrogen.

Gravity strength

Gravity, according to scientists, the most mysterious mystery in the universe. This is the attraction of one matter to another and what gives the planet shape of the ball. The sun gravity is quite powerful in order to hold 9 planets, a dozen satellites and thousands of asteroids and comets. All this hold around the sun invisible thread gravity. But with an increase in the distance between the space objects, the attraction between them quickly weakens. The characteristic of the planets of the solar system directly depends on gravity. For example, the attraction of a pluto to the Sun is much smaller than the force of attraction between the sun and Mercury or Venus. The sun and the land mutually attract each other, but due to the fact that the mass of the sun is much larger, then the attraction from his side is more powerful. Comparative characteristics of the planet solar system It will help to understand the main features of each of the planets.

The sun rays travel in different directions in outer space, reaching all nine planets that rotate around the sun. But depending on how long the planet is distinguished, a different amount of light comes to it, hence the different characteristics of the planets of the solar system.

Mercury

On Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, the sun seems to be 3 times large, compared with the earth's sun. Day can be dazzling bright. But the sky is dark even during the day, because there is no atmosphere on it to beat and disperse sunlight. When the sun beats on the stone landscape of Mercury, the temperature can reach up to 430 C. But nevertheless, all the heat returns freely into space, and the surface temperature of the planet may fall to -173 C.

Venus

The characteristic of the planets of the Solar System (Grade 5 examines this topic) leads to the consideration of the nearest planet for earthlings - Venus. Venus, the second from the sun of the planet, is surrounded by an atmosphere, which mainly consists of a carbon dioxide gas. In such an atmosphere, clouds of sulfuric acid are constantly observed. Interestingly, despite the fact that Venus is more removed from the Sun than Mercury, its surface temperature is higher and reaches 480 C. The carbon dioxide that creates a greenhouse effect and keeps the heat on the planet. Venus has a similar size and density of the earth, but its atmosphere properties are destructive for all living things. Chemical reactions in clouds produce acids capable of dissolving lead, tin and stones. In addition, Venus is covered with thousands of volcanoes and lava rivers that have formed millions of years. Near the surface of the atmosphere of Venus is 50 times ground than the atmosphere of the Earth. Therefore, all objects penetrating through it are exploded even before they fall on the surface. Scientists have discovered about 400 flat spots on Venus, each of which is from 29 to 48 km in diameter. These are the scars of meteorites that drove over the surface of the planet.

Land

Earth, where we all live, has perfect atmospheric and temperature conditions for life, because our atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. Scientists prove that the Earth rotates around the Sun, leaning over one side. Indeed, the position of the planet deviates from a direct angle by 23.5 degrees. This tilt, as well as its sizes, according to scientists, our planet received after a powerful collision with a cosmic body. It is this slope of the Earth forms seasons: winter, spring, summer and autumn.

Mars

After the land there is Mars. On Mars, the Sun seems three times less than from the ground. Only a third of the light, compared to what they see Earthlings, gets Mars. In addition, hurricanes often occur on this planet, raising red dust from the surface. But, nevertheless, in summer days, the temperature on Mars can reach 17 s, as on earth. Mars has a red shade, because minerals with iron oxide in its soil beat off reddish - orange light of the Sun, in other words, Martian soil has a lot of rusty iron in its composition, so Mars often call the red planet. Martian air is very resolved -1 percent of the glove of the earthly atmosphere. The atmosphere of the planet consists of carbon dioxide. Scientists admit that on this planet once, about 2 billion years ago, there were rivers and water in a liquid state, and the atmosphere contained oxygen, because iron is covered with rust only when reacting with oxygen. It is possible that the atmosphere of Mars was once suitable for the occurrence of life on this planet.

As for the chemical and physical parameters, the characteristic of the planets of the solar system (table for the planets of the earth group) is shown below.

As you can see chemical composition The atmosphere of all three planets is very different.

Such is the characteristics of the planets of the solar system. The table above clearly shows the ratio of various chemicals, as well as pressure, temperature and water availability on each of them, so that it is not possible to draw up a general idea about this.

Giants of the Solar System

Mars are planet giants, consisting mainly of gases. An interesting physical characteristics of the planets of the solar system, such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

All the giants are covered with thick clouds, and each subsequent gets from the sun and less light. With Jupiter, the sun looks like a fifth part of what they see earthlings. Jupiter - Planet in the Solar System with the largest dimensions. Under thick clouds from ammonia and water, Jupiter is covered by the ocean of metal liquid hydrogen. A feature of the planet is the presence of a giant red spot on the clouds that hang over its equator. This is a gigantic storm for almost 48,000 km long, which rotates over the planet for more than 300 years. Saturn is a planet show in the solar system. On Saturn Sunlight is still weaker, but still it has enough power to illuminate the huge system of rings of this planet. Thousands of rings, which consist mainly from ice, are illuminated by the sun, turning them into giant circles of light.

Saturn rings were not studied by earthen scientists. According to some versions, they were formed as a result of the collision of his satellite with a comet or asteroid and under the action of huge gravity turned into rings.

Planet Uranus is a cold world, which is located from the main shone at a distance of 2.9 billion km. The average temperature of its atmosphere is -177 C. This is the planet and the greatest inclination and rotates around the sun, lying on the side, and even in the opposite direction.

Pluto

The most distant 9 Planet - Ice Pluto - shines with remote cold light, and is located at a distance of 5.8 billion kilometers and looks like a bright star in the dark sky.

This planet is so small and so distinguished from the Earth that scientists know very little about it. Its surface consists of nitrogen ice in order to make one turn around the Sun, it needs about 284 of the Earth years. The sun on this planet is no different from billions of other stars.

Full characteristics of the planets of the solar system

Table (5-graders study this topic in sufficient detail), located below, allows not only to make an idea of \u200b\u200bthe planets of the solar system, but also makes it possible to compare them by the main parameters.

As you can see, there is no planet like the land in our galaxy. The above characteristic of the planets of the Solar System (Table, Grade 5) makes it possible to understand it.

Conclusion

A brief description of the planets of the solar system will allow readers to plunge into the world of space and remember that earthlings are still the only reasonable creatures among the huge universe and the world around them must constantly protect, save and restore.

The solar system is a group of planets rotating in certain orbits around a bright star - the Sun. This shine is the main source of heat and light in the solar system.

It is believed that our Planet System was formed as a result of an explosion of one or several stars and it happened about 4.5 billion years ago. Initially, the solar system was an accumulation of gas and dust particles, however, with time and under the influence of its own mass, the sun and other planets appeared.

Planets of the Solar System

In the center of the Solar System is the sun, around which eight planets are moving around in its orbits: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Until 2006, Pluto belongs to this group of planets, he was considered the 9th planet from the Sun, however, because of its significant remoteness from the sun and small sizes, it was excluded from this list and is named the planet-dwarf. Rather, it is one of several dwarf planets in the Belt of the Kuiper.

All the above planets are customary to divide into two large groups: earth group and gas giants.

The earth group includes planets such as: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. They differ in small sizes and rocky surface, and in addition, are closer than the rest to the sun.

Gaza giants include: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. They are characterized by large sizes and the presence of rings, which are ice dust and rocky pieces. These planets are mainly made of gas.

Mercury

This planet is one of the smallest in the solar system, its diameter is 4,879 km. In addition, it is closer to the sun. Such a neighborhood predetermined a significant difference in temperatures. The average temperature on Mercury during the daytime is +350 degrees Celsius, and at night - -170 degrees.

1. Mercury first planet from the sun.
2. On Mercury there are no seasons of the year. The tilt of the planet's axis is almost perpendicular to the plane of the orbit planet around the sun.
3. The temperature on the surface of Mercury is not the highest, although there is a planet closest to the sun. He gave the first place to Venus.
4. The first research apparatus visiting Mercury was Mariner 10. He conducted a series of demonstration spans in 1974.
5. Day on Mercury lasts 59 terrestrial days, and the year is only 88 days.
6. On Mercury, the sharpest temperature differences are observed, which reach 610 ° C. In the afternoon, the temperature can reach 430 ° C, and at night -180 ° C.
7. The strength of gravity on the surface of the planet is only 38% of the earth. This means that on Mercury you could bounce three times higher, and it would be easier to raise heavy objects.
8. The first observations of Mercury in the telescope carried out Galileo Galilee at the beginning of the 17th century.
9. Mercury has no natural satellites.
10. The first official map of the Mercury surface was published only in 2009, thanks to the data obtained from the spacecraft Mariner 10 and Messenger.

Venus

This planet second from the sun. According to its size, it is close to the diameter of the Earth, the diameter is 12 104 km. For all other indicators, Venus differs significantly from our planet. Day here lasts 243 terrestrial days, and year - 255 days. The atmosphere of Venus is 95% consists of carbon dioxidewhich creates a greenhouse effect on its surface. This leads to the fact that the average temperature on the planet is 475 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere also includes 5% nitrogen and 0.1% oxygen.

1. Venus is the second planet from the sun in the solar system.
2. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, although it is the second planet from the sun. Surface temperature can reach 475 ° C.
   
3. The first spacecraft sent to the examination of Venus was sent from the ground on February 12, 1961 and was called Venus-1.
4. Venus is one of two planets, the direction of rotation of which around its axis differs from most planets in the solar system.
5. The orbit of the planet rotation around the sun is very close to circular.
6. The daily and night temperature of the Venus surface is practically no different due to the high heat inertia of the atmosphere.
7. One revolution around the Sun Venus is doing for 225 terrestrial days, and one turn around its axis for 243 terrestrial days, that is, one day on Venus lasts more than one year.
8. The first observations of Venus in the telescope carried out Galileo Galilee at the beginning of the 17th century.
9. Venus has no natural satellites.
10. Venus is the third in the brightness object on the sky, after the sun and the moon.

Land

Our planet is at a distance of 150 million km from the Sun and this allows you to create a temperature on its surface suitable for the existence of water in a liquid form, and it means to appear life.

Its surface is 70% covered with water, and it is the only one of the planets on which there is such a liquid. It is believed that many thousand years ago contained in the atmosphere of pairs created on the surface of the earth the temperature necessary for the formation of water in liquid form, and solar radiation contributed to the photosynthesis and life of life on the planet.

1. The land in the solar system is the third planet from the Sunsbut;
2. Around our planet rotates one natural satellite - the moon;
   
3. Earth is the only planet that is called not in honor of the Divine Being;
4. The density of the Earth is the largest of all planets in the solar system;
5. The speed of rotation of the Earth is gradually slowed down;
6. The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1 astronomical unit (the conditional measure is long in astronomy), which is approximately 150 million km.;
7. The land has a magnetic field of sufficient strength to protect the living organisms on its surface from destructive solar radiation;
8. The first artificial satellite of the Earth called PS-1 (the simplest satellite - 1) was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome on the satellite RN on October 4, 1957;
9. In orbit around the Earth, compared to other planets, is the largest amount of spacecraft;
10. The earth is the largest planet of the earth group in the solar system;

Mars

This planet is the fourth on the account of the Sun and removed from it for a distance of 1.5 times more than the Earth. The diameter of Mars is less terrestrial and is 6,779 km. The average air temperature on the planet varies from -155 degrees, up to +20 degrees in the equator area. The magnetic field on Mars is much weaker than that of the Earth, and the atmosphere is quite discharged, which allows unhindered solar radiation to affect the surface. In this regard, if there is life on Mars, it is not on the surface.

During the examination with the help of mercts, it was found that there are many mountains on Mars, as well as dried river beds and glaciers. The surface of the planet is covered with red sand. This color Mars gives iron oxide.

1. Mars is located on the fourth orbit from the Sun;
2. On the red planet there is the highest volcano in the solar system;
   
3. Of the 40 research missions sent to Mars, only 18 were successful;
4. Mars occurs the largest dust storms in the solar system;
5. After 30-50 million years, the rings system will be located around Mars, like Saturn;
6. The fragments of Mars were found on Earth;
7. The sun from the surface of Mars looks two times less than from the surface of the earth;
   
8. Mars is the only planet in the solar system, which has polar ice;
9. Ok Mars rotates two natural satellites -demos and phobos;
10. Mars does not have a magnetic field;

Jupiter

This planet is the largest in the solar system and has a diameter of 139,822 km, which is 19 times more terrestrial. Day for Jupiter last 10 hours, and the year is approximately 12 Earth years. Jupiter mainly consists of xenon, Argon and Crypton. If it were 60 times more, it could become a star due to the spontaneous thermonuclear reaction.

The average temperature on the planet is -150 degrees Celsius. The atmosphere consists of hydrogen and helium. Oxygen and water on its surface is not. There is an assumption that in the atmosphere of Jupiter there are ice.

1. Jupiter is located on the fifth orbit from the Sun;
2. On the earth's sky, Jupiter is the fourth in the brightness of the object, after the sun, the moon and Venus;
   
3. Jupiter is the shortest day of all the planets of the solar system;
4. In the atmosphere of Jupiter, it rages one of the longest and powerful storms in the solar system, better known as a large red stain;
5. Moon of Jupiter - Ganymed, is the largest moon in the solar system;
6. Around Jupiter is a thin rings system;
7. Jupiter visited 8 scientific and research apparatus;
   
8. Jupiter has a strong magnetic field;
   
9. If Jupiter was 80 times more massive, he would become a star;
10. Around Jupiter rotates 67 natural satellites. This is the largest indicator in the solar system;

Saturn

This planet is second in size in the solar system. Its diameter is 116,464 km. It is most similar in its composition with the sun. The year on this planet lasts for quite a long time, almost 30 terrestrial years, and the day is 10.5 hours. The average temperature on the surface is -180 degrees.

Its atmosphere consists mainly of hydrogen and a small amount of helium. In its upper layers, thunderstorms often arise and polar radiances.

1. Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun;
2. In the atmosphere of Saturn, the strongest winds are blowing in the solar system;
   
3. Saturn is one of the least dense planets in the solar system;
   
4. Around the planet is the largest rings in the solar system;
5. One day on the planet lasts almost one earthly year and are equal to 378 Earth days;
6. Saturn visited 4 research spacecraft;
7. Saturn, together with Jupiter, account for approximately 92% of the entire planetary mass of the solar system;
8. One year on the planet lasts 29.5 Earth years;
9. 62 famous natural satellites rotates around the planet;
10. Currently, the study of Saturn and his rings is engaged in the Cassini automatic interplanetary station;

Uranus

Uranus, Computer Artwork.

Uranus is the third to the size of the planet in the solar system and the seventh of the Sun. It has a diameter of 50,724 km. It is also called the "Ice Planet", since the temperature on its surface is -224 degrees. The day in uranium lasts 17 hours, and the year - 84 of the Earth years. At the same time, the summer lasts as much as winter - 42 years. Such a natural phenomenon is due to the fact that the axis of that planet is located at an angle of 90 degrees to the orbit and it turns out that uranium, as it were, "lies on the side."

1. Uranus is located on the seventh orbit from the Sun;
2. The first who learned about the existence of uranium became William Herschel in 1781;
   
3. Uranus visited only one spacecraft - Voyager 2 in 1982;
4. Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system;
5. The plane of the uranium equator is tilted to the plane of its orbit almost at right angles - that is, the planet rotates retrogradi, "the lying on the side is slightly head down";
6. Uranium's moon wear titles taken from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Porup, and not Greek or Roman mythology;
7. A day in uranium lasts about 17 terrestrial hours;
8. Around the uranium there are 13 famous rings;
9. One year in uranium lasts 84 Earth years;
10. Around the uranium rotates 27 well-known natural satellites;

Neptune

Neptune - the eighth planet from the sun. In its composition and sizes, he is similar to Uranium's neighbor. The diameter of this planet is 49,244 km. The day at Neptune lasts 16 hours, and the year is 164 Earth years. Neptune refers to ice giants and for a long time it was believed that no weather events occur on its ice surface. However, it was recently found that on Neptune, a busy vortex and wind speed is the highest of the planets of the solar system. It reaches 700 km / h.

Neptune has 14 satellites, the most famous of which is Triton. It is known that it has its own atmosphere.

Neptune also has rings. This planet has 6.

1. Neptune is the most remote planet in the solar system and takes the eighth orbit from the Sun;
2. The first on the existence of Neptune recognized mathematicians;
   
3. There are 14 satellites around Neptune;
4. The orbit is not removed from the sun on average at 30 AE;
5. One day on Neptune lasts 16 terrestrial hours;
6. Neptune visited only one spacecraft - Voyager 2;
7. Around Neptune there is a rings system;
8. Neptune has a second largest gravity force after Jupiter;
9. One year at Neptune lasts 164 Earth years;
10. The atmosphere on Neptune is extremely active;

1. Jupiter is considered the largest planet of the solar system.
2. In the solar system there are 5 dwarf planets, one of which retrained to Pluto.
3. Very little in the solar system asteroids.
4. Venus is the hottest planet of the solar system.
5. About 99% of the place (by volume) takes the sun in the solar system.
6. One of the most beautiful and original places of the solar system is considered Saturn Saturn. There you can see a huge concentration of ethane and liquid methane.
7. Our solar system has a tail resembling a four-leaf clover.
8. The sun should be a continuous 11-year cycle.
9. In the solar system there are 8 planets.
10. Fully formed solar system due to a large gas-pepped cloud.
11. Spacecraft flew to all planets of the solar system.
12. Venus is the only planet of the solar system that rotates counterclockwise around its axis.
13. Uranus has 27 satellites.
14. The biggest mountain is on Mars.
15. A huge mass of the solar system facilities fell in the sun.
16. The solar system is located in the Milky Way Galaxy.
17. The sun is the central object of the solar system.
18. Often the solar system is divided into regions.
19. The sun is a key component of the solar system.
20. Approximately 4.5 billion years has been formed a solar system.
21. The most distant planet of the solar system is Pluto.
22. Two areas in the solar system are filled with small bodies.
23. The solar system is built contrary to all the laws of the universe.
24. If you compare the soy system and space, then it is just the sand in it.
25. Over the past few centuries, the solar system has lost 2 planets: Volcano and Pluto.
26. Researchers assure that the solar system was created artificially.
27. The only satellite of the solar system, which has a dense atmosphere and the surface of which will not be able to see due to cloud cover - titanium.
28. The region of the solar system, which is behind the orbit of Neptune is called a hiding belt.
29. The Oorta cloud is called the area of \u200b\u200bthe solar system, which serves as the source of the comet and the long period of appeal.
30. Each object of the solar system holds there due to the force of attraction.
31. The leading theory of the solar system involves the appearance of planets and satellites from a huge cloud.
32. The solar system is considered the most secret particle of the universe.
33. In the solar system there is a huge belt of asteroids.
34. On Mars you can see the eruption of the largest volcano of the solar system, which is called Olympus.
35. The outskirt of the solar system is considered Pluto.
36. Jupiter has a large ocean of liquid water.
37. The moon is the largest satellite of the solar system.
38. The largest asteroid of the solar system is considered pallada.
39. The brightest planet of the solar system is Venus.
40. Basically the solar system consists of hydrogen.
41. Earth is an equal member of the solar system.
42. The sun heats up slowly.
43. Oddly enough, the most huge stocks of water in the solar system are in the sun.
44. The plane of the equator of each planet of the solar system is dispelled with the orbit plane.
45. Mars satellite titled Phobos is an anomaly of the solar system.
46. The solvent system may affect its own manifold and scale.
47. Solar system planets are influenced by the sun.
48. The outer shell of the solar system is considered to be satellites and gas giants.
49. A huge number of planetary satellites of the solar system is dead.
50. The largest asteroid, the diameter of which is 950 km, is called Cereter.

Breakless space that surrounds us is not just a huge airless space and emptiness. Here everything is subordinated to a single and strict order, everything has its own rules and obeys the laws of physics. Everything is in constant movement and is in constantly interrelations with each other. This is a system in which each heavenly body takes its definite place. The center of the Universe is surrounded by galaxies, among which is our Milky Way. Our galaxy, in turn, form stars around which large and small planets are spinning with their natural satellites. Complement the pattern of the universal scale of wandering objects - comets and asteroids.

In this endless accumulation of the stars, our solar system is tiny on cosmic standards Astrophysical object, to which our Space House includes planet Earth. For us, earthlings, the size of the solar system are colossal and difficult to perceive. From the point of view of the scale of the Universe, these are tiny figures - only 180 astronomical units or 2,693e + 10 km. Here, everything is also subordinated to their laws, has its own clearly definite place and sequence.

Brief characteristic and description

The interstellar medium and stability of the solar system provides the location of the sun. Its location is an interstellar cloud that is entering the Orion-Swan sleeve, which in turn is part of our galaxy. From a scientific point of view, our sun is on the periphery, 25 thousand light years from the center of the Milky Way, if we consider the galaxy in the diametral plane. In turn, the movement of the solar system around the center of our galaxy is carried out in orbit. The full turnover of the Sun around the center of the Milky Way is carried out in different ways, within 225-250 million years and is one galactic year. The orbit of the solar system has a slope to the galactic plane in 600. Nearby, next to our system, run around the center of the galaxy other stars and other solar systems with their big and small planets.

The approximate age of the solar system is 4.5 billion years. Like most objects in the universe, our star was formed as a result of a big explosion. The origin of the solar system is explained by the action of the same laws that acted and continue to act today in the field of nuclear physics, thermodynamics and mechanics. At first, a star was formed, around which the formation of the planets began by force of centripetal and centrifugal processes. The sun was formed from a dense accumulation of gases - a molecular cloud, which became a product of a colossal explosion. As a result of centripetal processes, the compression of hydrogen molecules, helium, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and other elements in one solid and dense mass occurred.

The result of the grandiose and so large-scale processes was the formation of protocol, in the structure of which thermonuclear synthesis began. This long-term process, which began much earlier, we see today, looking at our sun after 4.5 billion years since its formation. The scale of the processes occurring during the formation of the star can be submitted by estimating the density, size and mass of our Sun:

• the density is 1.409 g / cm3;
• the volume of the sun is almost the same digit - 1.40927x1027 m3;
• mass stars - 1.9885x1030 kg.

Today, our sun is an ordinary astrophysical object in the universe, not the smallest star in our galaxy, but not far from the biggest. The sun is in his mature age, being not only the center of the solar system, but also the main factor in the appearance and existence of life on our planet.

The final structure of the solar system falls on the same period, with a difference, plus-minus half a billion years. The mass of the entire system, where the sun interacts with other celestial bodies of the solar system, is 1.0014 m☉. In other words, all planets, satellites and asteroids, cosmic dust and particles of gases rotating around the Sun, compared to the mass of our star, - a drop in the sea.

In the form in which we have an idea of \u200b\u200bour star and planets rotating around the Sun is a simplified version. For the first time, the mechanical heliocentric model of the solar system with the hourly mechanism was presented to the scientific community in 1704. It should be borne in mind that the orbits of the planets of the solar system do not lie all in the same plane. They rotate around at a certain angle.

The model of the solar system was created on the basis of a simpler and old television mechanism, with which the position and movement of the Earth was modeled with respect to the Sun. With the help of Telluria, it was possible to explain the principle of the movement of our planet around the Sun, to calculate the duration of the earth year.

The simplest model of the solar system is presented in school textbooks, where each of the planets and other celestial bodies occupy a certain place. It should be borne in mind that the orbits of all objects rotating around the Sun are located at a variety of angle to the diametrical plane of the solar system. The planets of the solar system are located at different distances from the sun, make a turn with different speeds and turn around their own axis in different ways.

Map - The scheme of the solar system is a drawing, where all objects are located in the same plane. In this case, such an image gives an idea of \u200b\u200bonly the size of the celestial bodies and distances between them. Thanks to such a interpretation, it was possible to understand the location of our planet in a number of other planets, to estimate the scale of heavenly bodies and give an idea of \u200b\u200bthose huge distances that separate us from our heavenly neighbors.

Planets and other Solar System Objects

Almost the entire Universe is Miriad stars, among which there are large and small solar systems. The presence of the star of his satellite planets is an ordinary phenomenon for space. Physics laws are everywhere and our solar system is no exception.

If you wonder how many planets in the solar system was and how much is today, it is definitely difficult to answer. Currently, the exact location of 8 large planets is known. In addition to this, 5 small dwarf planets are spinning around the sun. The existence of the ninth planet at the moment in scientific circles is disputed.

All solar system is divided into groups of planets, which are located in the following order:

Planets of the earth group:

• Mercury;
• Venus;
• Mars.

Gas planets - Giants:

• Jupiter;
• Saturn;
• Uranus;
• Neptune.

All planets presented in the list are distinguished by the structure, have various astrophysical parameters. What is the planet more or less than others? The dimensions of the planets of the solar system are different. The first four objects similar to their structure with the ground have a solid stone surface, endowed with an atmosphere. Mercury, Venus and Earth are internal planets. Mars closes this group. The gas giants followed by him: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune - dense, ferro-shaped gas education.

The process of life of the planets of the solar system does not stop for a second. Those planets that today we see in the sky is the location of the celestial bodies that has a planetary system of our star at the moment. The state that was at the dawn of the formation of the solar system is straightely different from what is studied today.

On the astrophysical parameters of modern planets indicates a table, which also indicates the distance of the planets of the solar system to the Sun.

The existing planets of the solar system are about the same age, but there are theories that the planets at first were more. This is evidenced by numerous ancient myths and legends describing the presence of other astrophysical objects and disasters that led to the death of the planet. This confirms the structure of our star system, where, along with the planets, there are objects that are products of turbulent cosmic cataclysms.

A bright example of such activities is the belt of asteroids, which is between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Here are concentrated in a huge number of objects of extraterrestrial origin, mainly represented by asteroids and small planets. It is these wreckage of the wrong shape in human culture that are considered the residues of Faeton's protofable residues who died in billions of years ago as a result of a large-scale cataclysm.

In fact, in scientific circles there is an opinion that the belt of asteroids was formed as a result of the destruction of the comet. Astronomers discovered on a large asteroid of the Femis and on the small planets of Ceres and Vesta, which are the largest objects of the belt of asteroids, the presence of water. The ice found on the surface of asteroids may indicate the cometic nature of the formation of these cosmic bodies.

Previously, referring to the number of big planets Pluto today is not considered a full-fledged planet.

Pluto, which was previously found to the large planets of the solar system, today translated into the size of dwarf celestial bodies rotating around the sun. Pluto, along with Hawmer and Makemak, the largest dwarf planets, is in the belt belt.

These dwarf planets of the solar system are located in the belt of the bed. The region between the Koiper belt and the Oorta cloud is the most distant from the Sun, however, and there is no space space. In 2005, there were found the most distant celestial body of our solar system - the dwarf planet Erid. The process of studying the most remote areas of our solar system continues. The cigarette belt and the Oort cloud, are hypothetically border areas of our star system, visible border. This cloud from gas is at the distance of one light year from the Sun and is a district where comets are born, our wandering satellites of our shine.

Characteristics of the planets of the solar system

The earth group of the planets is represented by the planets closest to the sun - Mercury and Venus. These two cosmic bodies of the solar system, despite the similarity in the physical structure with our planet, are hostile to the medium. Mercury is the smallest planet of our star system, the closer to the sun is closer. The warmth of our star literally incites the surface of the planet, almost destroyed the atmosphere on it. The distance from the surface of the planet to the Sun is 57,910,000 km. In terms of its size, only 5 thousand km in diameter, Mercury is inferior to most of the major satellites in the power of Jupiter and Saturn.

Saturna Titanium satellite has a diameter of more than 5 thousand km, Jupiter Ganymed satellite has a diameter of 5265 km. Both satellites are inferior only to Mars.

The very first planet rushes around our star with a huge speed, making a complete turn around our shone for 88 terrestrial days. It is almost impossible to notice this small and pinset on the starry sky because of the close presence of the solar disk. Among the planets of the earthly group, it is on Mercury that the largest daily temperature differences are observed. While the surface of the planet addressed to the Sun, up to 700 degrees Celsius, the reverse side of the planet is immersed in the universal cold with temperatures up to -200 degrees.

The main difference between Mercury from all planets of the solar system is its internal structure. Mercury has the largest ironoponekel internally kernel, which accounts for 83% of the mass of the entire planet. However, even uncharacteristic quality did not allow Mercury to have its own natural satellites.

Following the Mercury is the most closest planet - Venus to us. The distance from Earth to Venus is 38 million km, and it is very similar to our land. The planet has a practically the same diameter and mass, a little inferior on these parameters by our planet. However, in the rest, our neighbor is radically different from our space house. The period of turnover of Venus around the Sun is 116 terrestrial days, and around their own axis, the planet is cleaned extremely slow. The average surface temperature of the venera rotating around its axis is 447 degrees Celsius.

Like its predecessor, Venus is deprived of the physical conditions that contribute to the existence of famous forms of life. The planet surrounds a dense atmosphere, consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. And Mercury, and Venus are the only planets of the solar system, which are deprived of natural satellites.

The land is the last of the inner planets of the solar system, while from the sun at about 150 million km away. Our planet makes one turn around the Sun for 365 days. Rates around his own axis for 23.94 hours. The Earth is the first of the heavenly bodies, located on the way from the Sun to the periphery, which has a natural satellite.

Retreat: the astrophysical parameters of our planet are well studied and known. The land is the largest and most dense planet from all other internal planets of the solar system. It is here that natural physical conditionsunder which the existence of water is possible. Our planet has a stable magnetic field holding the atmosphere. The Earth is the most well-studied planet. The subsequent study mainly has not only theoretical interest, but also practical.

Closes the parade of the planets of the earth group Mars. The subsequent study of this planet is mainly not only theoretical interest, but also practical, associated with the development of an extraterrestrial world. Astrophysician scientists attract not only the relative proximity of this planet to Earth (an average of 225 million km), but also the lack of complex climatic conditions. The planet is surrounded by an atmosphere, the truth is in the extremely sparse state, it has its own magnetic field and the temperature differences on the surface of Mars are not so critical as on Mercury and Venus.

Like the Earth, Mars has two satellites - Phobos and Demos, the natural nature of which is recently questioned. Mars is the last fourth planet with a solid surface in the solar system. Following asteroid belt, which is a kind of inner border of the solar system, the kingdom of gas giants begins.

The largest cosmic celestial bodies of our solar system

The second group of planets, which are part of the system of our star has bright and large representatives. These are the largest objects of our solar system, which are considered external planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are most removed from our star, huge for earthly standards and their astrophysical parameters. These celestial bodies are distinguished by their massiveness and composition, which basically has a gas nature.

The main beauties of the Solar System are Jupiter and Saturn. The total mass of this pair of giants would be enough to ensure the mass of all the famous celestial bodies of the solar system. So Jupiter is the largest planet of the solar system - weighs 1876.64328 · 1024 kg, and the mass of Saturn is 561.80376 · 1024 kg. These planets have most natural satellites. Some of them, Titan, Gamornad, Callisto and Io are the largest satellites of the solar system and in size are comparable to the planets of the earth group.

The largest planet of the Solar System - Jupiter - has a diameter that makes up 140 thousand km. In many ways, Jupiter more resembles a failed star - a vivid example of the existence of a small solar system. This is said about the size of the planet and astrophysical parameters - Jupiter is only 10 times less than our star,. The planet rotates around his own axis fast enough - only 10 terrestrial hours. Amazes and the number of satellites, which today have been identified 67 pieces. The behavior of Jupiter and its satellites is very similar to the model of the solar system. Such a number of natural satellites at one planet puts a new question as the planets of the solar system at an early stage of its formation. It is assumed that Jupiter, possessing a powerful magnetic field, turned some planets into their natural satellites. Some of them are Titan, Gamornad, Callisto and Io are the largest satellites of the solar system and are comparable to the planets of the earth group.

Slightly inferior in its dimensions of Jupiter his smaller brother is a gas giant Saturn. This planet, like Jupiter, consists mainly of hydrogen and helium - gases that are the basis of our star. With its sizes, the diameter of the planet is 57 thousand km, Saturn also resembles the protozing, which stopped in its development. The number of satellites in Saturn is a little inferior to the number of satellites of Jupiter - 62 against 67. On the satellite Saturn Titan, as well as on John Satellite of Jupiter - there is an atmosphere.

In other words, the largest planets Jupiter and Saturn with their natural satellite systems strongly resemble small solar systems, with their clearly pronounced center and the system of movement of the celestial bodies.

The two gas giants go cold and dark worlds, the planets Uranus and Neptune. These celestial bodies are at the distance of 2.8 billion km and 4.49 billion km. From the sun, respectively. By virtue of huge remoteness from our planet, Uranus and Neptune were discovered relatively recently. Unlike two other gas giants, in uranium and neptune there are in large quantities of frozen gases - hydrogen, ammonia and methane. These two planets are also called icy giants. Uranium is less in size than Jupiter and Saturn and ranks third in the solar system. The planet is a pole of the cold of our star system. On the surface of the uranium, the average temperature of -224 degrees Celsius is recorded. From other celestial bodies rotating around the Sun, uranium has a strong slope of its own axis. The planet as if rolls, rotating around our star.

Like Saturn, Uranus surrounds the hydrogen-helium atmosphere. Neptune, unlike uranium, has a different composition. About the presence in methane atmosphere blue colour Spectrum of the planet.

Both planets slowly and magnifier move around our shining. Uranus turns around the Sun for 84 Earth years, and Neptune is around our star twice as long as 164 Earth years.

Finally

Our solar system is a huge mechanism in which each planet, all satellites of the solar system, asteroids and other celestial bodies move along a clearly settled route. There are laws of astrophysics, which are not changing here by 4.5 billion years. On the outer edges of our solar system moves in the belt of Koiper Dwarf planets. Frequent guests of our star system are comets. These space objects with a periodicity of 20-150 years attend the internal areas of the solar system, flying in the visibility zone from our planet.

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The solar system is called the planet system, which includes its center - the sun, as well as other objects of space. They rotate around the sun. Even recently, the "planet" was called 9 space objects that rotate around the Sun. Now scientists have been established that the planets that turn around the stars exist beyond the borders of the solar system.

In 2006, the astronomer union proclaimed that the planet of the solar system is the cosmic objects of the spherical shape, rotating around the sun. In the scale of the solar system, the Earth seems extremely small. In addition to land around the Sun, eight planets rotate around the Sun in their individual orbits. All of them exceed the land in size. Rotate in the plane of ecliptic.

Planets as part of the Solar System: Types

Location of the earth group in relation to the Sun

The first planet is Mercury, behind him is Venus; Then our land follows and, finally, Mars.
The planets of the earth group do not have many satellites or lunas. Of these four planets, only land and Mars have satellites.

Planets that belong to the earth's group are characterized by high density, consist of metal or stone. Basically, they are small and rotate around their axis. The speed of their rotation is also small.

Gaza giants

These are the four space objects that are at the greatest distance from the Sun: under No. 5 is Jupiter, followed by Saturn, then Uranus and Neptune.

Jupiter and Saturn are impressive in the size of the planet, consist of hydrogen and helium compounds. The density of gas planets is low. Rotate at high speed, have satellites and are surrounded by asteroid rings.
"Ice Giants", which include uranium and neptune - less, in the composition of their atmospheres there are methane, carbon monoxide.

Gas giants have a strong gravitational field, so many space objects can attract, unlike the Earth Group.

According to the suggestions of scientists, asteroid rings are the remnants of the moon, modified by the gravitational field of the planets.

Dwarf Planet.

Dwarfs are space objects whose size does not reach the planet, but exceeds the dimensions of the asteroid. In the solar system of such objects a great set. They are concentrated in the area of \u200b\u200bKuiper's belt. Satellites of gas giants are the dwarf planets, who left their orbit.

Solar System Planets: Process

According to the hypothesis of cosmic nebulae, the stars are born in the clouds of dust and gas, in the nebulae.
Thanks to the power of attraction of the substance, combine. Under the influence of the concentrated gravity force, the center of the nebula is compressed and stars are formed. Dust and gases are transformed into rings. Rings are rotating under the influence of gravity, and in the waterways, planetazimals are formed, which increase and attract cosmetic objects.

Under the influence of the strength of attraction, the planetazimali is compressed and purchased spherical outlines. Spheres can be united and gradually turn into protoplans.



Within the solar system there are eight planets. They appeal around the sun. Their location is:
The nearest "neighbor" of the Sun is Mercury, behind him is Venus, then the earth follows, then Mars and Jupiter are followed, even further from the Sun, Saturn, Uranus and the last, Neptune.