Spend a regular or irregular verb. How many forms of irregular verbs
English is a language of exceptions, where, when learning a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen but in which this rule does not apply. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But you can't live without them, because these are the realities of English! However, the good news is that modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we will consider in the article.
Why are English verbs irregular?
Difficulty in using irregular verbs is experienced not only by foreigners, but also by the speakers themselves. Nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standard nature of this part of speech is not a disadvantage, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, the Americans are trying with might and main to get rid of the irregular shape, remaking it into the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both versions of the language. Thus, the wrong version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.
How many forms does a verb have in English?
Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:
- infinitive, it is;
- I, or Participle I, - given form used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
- Past Participle II, or Participle II, for Past Perfect, Passive Voice and Conditional of the 3-d case.
The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.
What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules
Regular verbs are those in which the past form (Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to initial form... The table "Three forms of a verb in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.
There are some peculiarities in the formation of the Participle I and Participle II forms:
- if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
- the consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped;
- if the verb ends in -y with a preceding consonant, then y changes to i before adding -ed.
Irregular verbs are those that do not obey general rule with the formation of temporary forms. In English, these include Past Simple and Participle II.
Irregular verbs are formed using:
ablaut, at which the root changes. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);
use of suffixes other than those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done;
the same, or unchangeable form. Example: cut - cut - cut.
Due to the fact that each irregular verb has its own form of change, they should be learned by heart.
In total, there are 218 irregular verbs in English, of which approximately 195 are in active use.
Recent studies in the field of language show that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with the forms of the regular verb, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table "Three forms of the verb in the English language" - the table presents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.
table of irregular verbs
The table "Three forms of irregular verbs in English" includes the most frequently used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and translation.
Irregular verbs came to modern English from Old English, which was spoken by Angles and Saxons - British tribes.
Irregular verbs are derived from the so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.
Researchers at Harvard have found that most of the verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so, since they are used more often than others.
In the history of the English language, there is also such a phenomenon when a regular verb became irregular. For example, sneak has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.
Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they get into awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.
One of them is Jennifer Garner, who has been convinced all her life that sneak is the correct verb.
She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. With a dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.
Therefore, do not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.
Regular verbs
The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most frequently used verbs.
Past Participle I and II |
|||
ask | |||
to answer | |||
permit | |||
agree | |||
borrow, borrow | |||
copy, rewrite | |||
Cook | |||
close | |||
carry, drag | |||
call, call | |||
discuss | |||
decide, decide | |||
explain | explain | ||
slide | |||
cry, scream | |||
finish, finish, finish | |||
shine | |||
rub | |||
grab | |||
to help | |||
happen, happen | |||
to govern | |||
watch | |||
like | |||
move, move | |||
to govern | |||
be necessary, need | |||
open | |||
recall | |||
suggest | sajjest | ||
study, study | |||
stop, stop | |||
start off | |||
travel | |||
talk | |||
transfer | transit | ||
try, try | |||
use | |||
worry | |||
walk, walk | |||
watch | |||
work |
Examples of the use of 3 forms of verbs with translation
Above, we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of use and translation will help solidify the topic.
Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular verbs, the other with irregular verbs.
Grammatical design | Example in English | Translation |
Past simple |
|
|
Present perfect tense |
|
|
Past Perfect Tense |
|
|
Passive voice |
|
|
Conditional |
|
|
Exercises
For a better memorization of irregular verbs, you need to not only learn and repeat them by heart, but also perform various exercises.
Exercise 1. Here is a table "Three forms of a verb in English. Irregular verbs". Fill in one of the three missing forms.
Exercise 2. Here is a table "Three forms of a verb in English. Regular verbs". Insert forms Participle I and II.
Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.
- I was reading a book.
- We saw them yesterday.
- The Smiths lived in London until 2000. They then moved to Manchester.
- Alice was a university student in 2014.
- They worked for the same company two years ago.
- He just finished training.
- When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
- I drove a toy car as a child.
Answers to exercises
Exercise 1.
Exercise 2.
asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, travelled, used, worked.
Exercise 3.
- I read a book.
- We saw them yesterday.
- The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
- Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
- They worked in the same company two years ago.
- He has just finished training.
- When we were children we were took for a walk to this park.
- I drove a toy car in my childhood.
Get in the habit of repeating the basic forms of the English verb periodically. Using an irregular verb table, doing the exercises and repeating regularly will help you cope with the difficulties of the English language faster.
What can no rule be without? Of course, no exceptions! Irregular verbs in English are also not spared. But, as they say, an irregular verb is not so terrible as it is painted. Today we will deal with different methods of memorizing irregular verbs.
Open any table of irregular verbs ( see at the end of the article) and you will see three columns there. The first column contains verbs in the impersonal, or (only without the to particle). This is what corresponds to Russian verbs ending in -ty: draw, write, read - (to) draw, write, read.
The second column is - I drew, wrote, read (yesterday, for example) - drew, wrote, read.
In the third column, the so-called second participle, or past participle.
Approx. The first participle corresponds to the Russian –– writing / ––: drawing, writing, reading. In English, the first participle has the ending –ing. - drawing, writing, rading.
Let's go back to the third column, which presents the past participle - it corresponds to the Russian "made" - drawn, written, read. Third column for
- verbs in.
- verbs of the tenses of the Perfect group:
I have already written my essay. I already wrote an essay (or “I already have my essay written).
I have read three books this month. I have read three books this month. (Or I have three books read).
Have you ever drawn anything like that? Have you ever drawn something like this? (Or have you ever had something like this drawn?)
What do irregular verbs mean?
Why are irregular verbs "irregular"? The fact is that according to the rules, the so-called second and third forms are constructed by adding the ending -ed.
I work - I worked yesterday. - I have worked for three companies.
For irregular verbs, the second and third forms are formed completely individually(go - went - gone), or do not change at all (put-put-put).
Memorization methods
- Alphabetically - cram. Boring and useless.
- Make cards with three shapes on one side and translation on the other. Periodically, when a minute is given (in transport, in the morning with a cup of coffee, etc.), go through the cards, checking yourself. If you remember, we transfer it to the second pile, if not, we leave it in the first one and come back later. And so on until there is a confident memorization. When you go through the cards, try to come up with examples - this is how imaginative thinking is also connected, it is easier to remember, and words are learned not separately, but in context.
- Poems. Rather, a childish way. But in whom does the child not live ?? If you like it, it evokes positive emotions - then why not? Here are examples of such rhymes
I am in the buffet buy-bought-bought (buy)
First class sandwich
For him I pay-paid-paid, (pay)
Lay-laid-laid in the classroom
And not at all thought-thought-thought, (to think)
That his neighbor will make him smart.
And now I'm very sad -
Smell-smelt-smelt it's delicious! (smell)
Look, the slingshot Balamut
Put-put-put into your pocket
And begin-began-begun
Bully bully!
He's a pillow cut-cut-cut, (cut)
Brother in the bathroom shut-shut-shut, (shut up)
All the newspapers are light-lit-lit, (set on fire)
Hit-hit-hit dog. (beat)
He's a neighbor ring-rang-rung (call)
And of course run-ran-run. (run away)
And not at all thought-thought-thought, (to think)
That the police will come.
Dig-dug-dug we vegetable garden, (dig)
Come-came-come there people. (to come)
We said, “Go-went-gone, (go, go)
This is not a show for you. "We are with the enemies fight-fought-fought, (fight, fight)
Them trapped in catch-caught-caught. (catch, catch)
Day good luck bring-brought-brought, (bring)
We are a get-got-got award. (receive)
If hares are bite-bit-bitten, (bite)
Don't give them eat-ate-eaten, (eat)
They soon learn-learnt-learnt
Famously burn-burnt-burnt matches. (spark off)
If a friend meet-met-met, (meet)
Its tightly keep-kept-kept. (Keep)
Well, and if lose-lost-lost, (lose)
That it is cost-cost-cost. (cost)
Fly-flew-flown aircraft. (fly)
Our children grow-grew-grown. (grow)
Well, and the wind blow-blew-blown, (blow)
He knows-knew-known about everything. (know)
Grandfather and grandmother find-found-found
Basset hound dog.
Very close to old people
The dog become-became-become. (become)
Give-gave-given grandfather to him (to give)
Dear basturma -
The dog needs to be fed-fed-fed
Something delicious for lunch!
For yourself lard and cutlets
Old folks don't let-let-let. (let)
Today grandmother and grandfather
Another life lead-led-led: (lead)
Grandfather is dozing in the bath with a smile,
Grandma dwell-dwelt-dwelt in the closet, (dwell)
Dog in bed lie-lay-lain, (lie)
Just like Saddam Hussein.
We are break-broke-broken old house- (break)
It was very boring in it.
New home we draw-drew-drawn, (draw)
Build-built-built - and let's live. (build)
- I like the idea of distributing irregular verbs into groups based on the similarity of the formation of the second and third forms. This makes them much easier to learn.
Table of Irregular Verbs in English:
1 group - all three forms are the same
Cost | Cost | Cost | cost |
---|---|---|---|
Cut | Cut | Cut | Cut |
Put | Put | Put | Put |
Hit | Hit | Hit | Hit, hit |
Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Hurt |
Let | Let | Let | Let |
Shut | Shut | Shut | Close |
Group 2 - the second and third forms match
Burn | Burnt | Burnt | Burn, burn |
---|---|---|---|
Learn | Learnt | Learnt | Learn |
Smell | Smelt | Smelt | Smell |
Feel | Felt | Felt | Feel |
Leave | Left | Left | Leave, leave |
Meet | Met | Met | Meet |
Dream | Dreamt | Dreamt | Dream |
Mean | Meant | Meant | To mean, to mean |
Keep | Kept | Kept | Keep, store |
Sleep | Slept | Slept | Sleep |
Lend | Lent | Lent | Borrow, lend |
Send | Sent | Sent | Send |
Spend | Spent | Spent | Spend, spend |
Build | Built | Built | Build |
Lose | Lost | Lost | To lose, to lose |
Shoot | Shot | Shot | Fire |
Get | Got | Got | Receive |
Light | Lit | Lit | Light up, light up |
Sit | Sat | Sat | Sit |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Buy |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Bring |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Catch |
Fight | Fought | Fought | Fight |
Teach | Taught | Taught | Teach, teach |
Sell | Sold | Sold | Sell |
Tell | Told | Told | Tell |
Find | Found | Found | Find |
Have | Had | Had | Have |
Hear | Heard | Heard | Hear |
Hold | Held | Held | Hold |
Read | Read | Read | Read |
Say | Said | Said | To speak, to say |
Pay | Paid | Paid | To pay |
Make | Made | Made | Do, produce |
Understand | Understood | Understood | understand |
Stand | Stood | Stood | Stand |
Group 3 - the second and third forms do not match
Break | Broke | Broken | Break |
---|---|---|---|
Choose | Chose | Chosen | Choose |
Speak | Spoke | Spoken | Talk |
Steal | Stole | Stolen | Steal |
Wake | Woke | Woken | Wake up, wake up |
Drive | Drove | Driven | To drive |
Ride | Rode | Ridden | Horseback riding |
Rise | Rose | Risen | Get up |
Write | Wrote | Written | Write |
Beat | Beat | Beaten | Beat |
Bite | Bit | Bitten | Bite |
Hide | Hid | Hidden | Hide |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | There is |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Fall |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Forget |
Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | Forgive |
Give | Gave | Given | To give |
See | Saw | Seen | See |
Take | Took | Taken | Take |
Blow | Blew | Blown | Blow |
Grow | Grew | Grown | Grow |
Know | Knew | Known | Know |
Throw | Threw | Thrown | Throw |
Fly | Flew | Flown | Fly |
Draw | Drew | Drawn | Paint |
Show | Showed | Shown | Show |
Begin | Began | Begun | Start off |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Drink |
Swim | Swam | Swum | Swim |
Sing | Sang | Sung | Sing |
Ring | Rang | Rung | Call |
Run | Ran | Run | Run |
Come | Came | Come | To come |
Become | Became | Become | Become |
Be | Was / were | Been | to be |
Go | Went | Gone | Walk, walk |
- To make the process of memorizing irregular verbs more fun, my students and I compose stories together. That is, one person pulls out a card, remembers all the forms and meanings, and then composes a sentence using the second or third form. The next one takes out the second card and continues the story. It is usually very funny. And bright positive emotions, especially laughter, are known to promote memorization.
Do not put it on the back burner - it is better to cut the leaves right now, make cards - and go! And find an accomplice to compose stories.
If you get to learning verbs, then you have already gone through a lot. But there is still a long road to perfection ahead. The temporal system relies on such a distinction between this part of speech as right and wrong. It is about the latter that we will talk about and explain how to quickly learn irregular verbs.
So, we already know that over time, foreign conquests or other interactions of people, the English language also did not stand aside. This is especially true for verbs. If we study tenses, then we have to differentiate according to this category. Irregular Verbs are found in almost all of them.
Forms of irregular verbs in English
Where to begin? From acquaintance. What types are there, when and how they are used. After all, reading the rule, you often come across the expression 2nd form, 3rd. And what it is, we will now consider. Once again, it is worth recalling that there are 3 forms of irregular verbs (some linguists distinguish four).
The first form Is an infinitive or first column of the table... It is in this form that the verb is used in the dictionary: run, swim, give. It is used in Present Simple, Future Simple, in interrogative and negative Past Simple sentences.
The second form is this is the simple past tense (Past Simple): rаn, swam, gave (second column)... In this form, English irregular verbs are used in Past Simple (with the exception of interrogative and negative sentences).
Third form Is a past participle (Past Participle or Participle II): run, swun, given. In this form, the verb is used most often. In the times of Perfect, in all times of Passive Voice. You will find it in third column of the table.
Fourth form Is the present participle (Present Participle or Participle I): running, swimming, giving. It is used by the times of the group Continuous and Perfect Continuous. Not all tables contain the fourth column, only a few.
When considering sentences with irregular verbs, pay attention to the tense.
How are the main English irregular verbs formed?
It is impossible to clearly determine that these words are changed in this way, and others - in the second or third, it is impossible. But it is still possible to trace a certain trend, and then it will not be a set of words and incomprehensible forms.
- By changing the vowel at the root of the word: meet - met - met; begin - began - begun.
- Changing the root and adding a suffix: speak - spoke - spoken; give - gave - given.
- The ending changes: send - sent - sent; build - built - built.
- And some verbs are the same in all forms: cut - cut - cut; put - put - put.
How to learn irregular verbs?
Each has its own technique, its own method, which has its pros and cons. But first I would like to say a few generally accepted facts. First, learn all three forms at once and with translation. Irregular verbs with translation can be found in almost any grammar textbook, dictionary, on Internet resources and on our website. The entire table can be downloaded. Do not learn 10 at once, take 5, stretch it for 3-4 days, do the exercises. Many teach in a row, alphabetically, some in groups (depending on the method of education). I think the second is more efficient and easier. Therefore, we will split all English irregular verbs into groups.
1. Completely match
bet | bet | bet | bet |
cost | cost | cost | cost |
cut | cut | cut | cut |
hit | hit | hit | strike |
hurt | hurt | hurt | damage |
let | let | let | let |
put | put | put | lay down |
set | set | set | install, install |
shed | shed | shed | dump |
shut | shut | shut | close |
spit | spit | spit | spit |
split | split | split | split, split |
spread | spread | spread | distribute |
trust | trust | trust | trust |
2. The second and third forms coincide - p-t
3. The second and third forms are the same - d-t
4. The root vowel changes - ew - own
5. A group of verbs with different root vowels
6. Endings aught / ought
7. Vowel alternation
become | became | become | become |
come | came | come | to come |
run | ran | run | run |
8. Vowel alternation + ending en
9 alternation, ending en, doubling a consonant
bite | bit | bitten | bite |
fall | fell | fallen | fall |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbid |
hide | hid | hidden | hide |
ride | rode | ridden | ride |
write | wrote | written | write |
forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
10. The second and third forms are the same
second and third | ||
built | built | build |
dig | dug | drip |
find | found | find |
get | got | receive |
have | had | have |
hear | heard | hear |
hold | held | hold |
lead | led | lead |
leave | left | leave |
lose | lost | lose |
make | made | make |
shine | shone | shine |
shoot | shot | fire |
sit | sat | sit |
win | won | win |
stick | stuck | stick, get stuck, |
strike | struke | hit, hit |
stand | stood | stand |
understand | understood | understand |
deal | dealt | to deal with |
mean | meant | to mean |
sell | sold | sell |
tell | told | talk |
lay | laid | lay down |
pay | paid | to pay |
say | said | to tell |
bleed | bled | bleed |
feel | felt | feel |
meet | met | meet |
feed | fed | feed |
11. Have two options
burn | burnt / burned | burnt / burned | burn, burn |
dream | dreamt / dreamed | dreamt / dreamed | dream |
dwell | dwelt / dwelled | dwelt / dwelled | dwell, live |
hang | hung / hanged | hung / hanged | hang |
kneel | knelt / kneeled | knelt / kneeled | kneel down |
knit | knit / knitted | knit / knitted | to knit |
lean | leant / leaned | leant / leaned | lean, lean |
leap | leapt / leaped | leapt / leaped | jump up, jump up |
learn | learnt / learned | learnt / learned | learn |
light | lit / lighted | lit / lighted | spark off |
prove | proved | proven / proved | prove |
sew | sewed | sewn / sewed | sew |
smell | smelt / smelled | smelt / smelled | smell, smell |
speed | sped / speeded | sped / speeded | accelerate |
spell | spelt / spelled | spelt / spelled | to spell |
spoil | spoilt / spoiled | spoilt / spoiled | spoil |
12. Absolutely different shapes
Remembering irregular verbs in English at first seems difficult, tedious. But believe me, if you do not reboot yourself, teach in the groups that we have provided, you will easily master them. And this is very important! All irregular verbs are very often used in speech. Learn grammar and expand your vocabulary.
Anyone who has ever sat down at an English textbook knows about such a phenomenon as a list of incorrect English verbs... What is this list? It contains verbs that deviate from the standard rules for the formation of past tense forms and participles. It is believed that in daily speech about seventy percent is used precisely irregular verbs (the English name of the term).
From this we can conclude that knowing the list of irregular verbs in English is simply necessary if you want to speak fluently and understand the interlocutor.
The total number of irregular verbs is about 470 words. Is it possible to learn such a volume? Of course, this is quite real. However, in order for you to feel confident when speaking in English, you just need to know 180 verbs.
Before going directly to the list itself, here are some tips on how to get the knowledge you want as quickly and efficiently as possible.
Mechanical memorization
The technique of rote memorization of information is one of the most common techniques. But how effective is it?
When memorizing, we often notice that a large number of words are quickly forgotten, and some even flatly refuse to settle in our long-term memory. In order for this technique to show itself only from the best side, it is necessary to use the learned verbs in practice as often as possible. By the way, their subsequent audition in some film, program or just a song helps a lot.
Be sure to have with you a list of irregular English verbs with translation
First, you will have to become familiar with the meaning of each new word. Usually, all irregular verbs tables include a translation column, so you don't need to worry about hours of independent work with the dictionary. After the correct associations with the native language fit in your head, you can safely move on to the forms formed.
Irregular Verbs in poems
Don't worry - you are not the only student trying to master the full list of English irregular verbs, and there is someone to share with you. And some craftsmen even try to help somehow.
On the Internet, you can easily find all kinds of poems created specifically for such purposes. They fit a number of the most common verbs, skillfully built into the overall rhyme and tone of the piece. And there are also many funny associations, so remembering the necessary information will be even easier.
using irregular verbs
The games can be played not only by children, but also by adults. And if it comes to teaching a foreign language, then games are one of the most effective ways of memorizing. You can also find ready-made options on the Internet. Usually these are flash cards, various animations or mini-games, accompanied by sound examples. If you don't really want to play on the computer, you can easily do something with your own hands, for example, the same cards. If you have a partner in English learning, then analogue word games or creating dialogues consisting of irregular verbs will be appropriate.
Meet Irregular Verbs
Having told a little about the methods of memorization, we move on to the most important thing. So, we present to you a list of irregular verbs of the English language with translation.
Alphabetical verbs (a, b, c, d)
Verbs ending in a:
abide - abode - abided - stay, hold;
arise - arose - arisen - to rise, arise;
awake - awoke - awaked; awoke - wake up, wake up.
On the letter b:
backbite - backbitten - backbitten - slander;
backslide - backslid - backslid - drop out;
be - was (were) - been - to be, to be;
bear - bore - born - to bear, to be born;
beat - beat - beaten - to beat;
become - became - become - become, become;
befall - befell - befallen - happen;
beget - begot (begat) - begotten - generate;
begin - began - begun - begin;
begird - begirt - begirt - to girdle;
behold - beheld - beheld - to mature;
bend - bent - bended - bend (Xia);
bereave - bereft (bereaved) - bereft (bereaved) - to deprive;
beseech - besought (beseeched) - b-esought (beseeched) - beg, beg;
beset - beset - beset - besiege;
bespeak - bespoke - bespoken - to order;
bespit - bespat - bespat - to spit;
bestride - bestrode - bestridden - to sit down, sit astride;
bet - bet (betted) - bet (betted) - bet;
betake - betook - betaken - accepted, sent;
bid - bad (bade) - bid (bidden) - order, ask;
bind - bound - bound - to bind;
bite - bit - bit (bitten) - bite;
bleed - bled - bled - bleed;
bless - blessed - blessed (blest) - bless;
blow - blew - blown (blowed) - blow;
break - broke - broken - (c) to break;
breed - bred - bred - to grow;
bring - brought - brought - bring;
broadcast - broadcast - broadcast - distribute, scatter;
browbeat - browbeat - browbeaten - scare;
build - built - built - build;
burn - burnt (burned) - burnt (burned) - burn, burn;
burst - burst - burst - burst, explode;
bust - bust (busted) - bust (busted) - to split (someone);
buy - bought - bought - to buy.
Verbs starting with:
can - could - could - to be able, to be able;
catch - caught - caught - catch, catch;
choose - chose - chosen - choose;
cleave - clove (cleft, cleaved) - cloven (cleft, cleaved) - cut;
cling - clung - clung - cling, snuggle;
come - came - come - come;
cost - cost - cost - cost;
creep - crept - crept - to crawl;
cut - cut - cut - cut.
D verbs:
dare - durst (dared) - dared - to dare;
deal - dealt - dealt - deal;
dig - dug - dug - dig;
dive - dived (dove) - dived - dive, dive;
do - did - done - do;
draw - drew - drawn - draw, drag;
dream - dreamt (dreamed) - dreamt (dreamed) - sleep, dream;
drink - drank - drunk - to drink,
drive - drove - driven - to go, drive;
dwell - dwelt - dwelt - dwell, linger.
Continuation of the alphabet (e, g, f, h)
E verbs:
eat - ate - eaten - eat, eat.
F verbs:
fall - fell - fallen - to fall;
feed - fed - fed - feed;
feel - felt - felt - feel;
fight - fought - fought - to fight;
find - found - found - find;
flee - fled - fled - run away, escape;
floodlight - floodlighted (floodlit) - floodlighted (floodlit) - shine a spotlight;
fly - flew - flown - fly;
forbear - forbore - forborne - to abstain;
forbid - forbad (forbade) - forbidden - forbid;
forecast - forecast (forecasted) - forecast (forecasted) - predict;
foresee - foresaw - foreseen - to foresee;
forget - forgot - forgotten - forget;
forgive - forgave - forgiven - forgive;
forsake - forsook - forsaken - to leave;
forswear - forswore - forsworn - to renounce;
freeze - froze - frozen - freeze, freeze.
G verbs:
gainsay - gainsaid - gainsaid - to deny, contradict;
get - got - got - get;
gird - girded (girt) - girded (girt) - girdle;
give - gave - given - give;
go - went - gone - go, leave;
grave - graved - graved (graven) - to engrave;
grind - ground - ground - to sharpen, grind;
grow - grew - grown - grow.
H verbs:
hang - hung (hanged) - hung (hanged) - hang;
have - had - had - to have;
hear - heard - heard - hear;
hew - hewed - hewed; hewn - chop, hew;
hide - hid - hidden - hide (Xia);
hit - hit - hit - hit, hit;
hold - held - held - hold;
hurt - hurt - hurt - deliver pain, offend.
Second part of the alphabet
Verbs ending in i:
inlay - inlaid - inlaid - insert, line;
input - input (inputted) - input (inputted) - enter;
inset - inset - inset - insert, nest;
interweave - interwove - interwoven - to plug in, to cover with a pattern.
Verbs ending in k:
keep - kept - kept - keep;
ken - kenned (kent) - kenned - know, recognize by sight;
kneel - knelt (kneeled) - knelt (kneeled) - kneel down;
knit - knit (knitted) - knit (knitted) - knit;
know - knew - known - to know.
L verbs:
lade - laded - laded (laden) - to ship;
lay - laid - laid - put, put;
lead - led - led - lead;
lean - leant (leaned) - leant (leaned) - lean, lean against;
leap - leapt (leaped) - leapt (leaped) - to jump;
learn - learned (learned) - learned (learned) - learn;
leave - left - left - leave;
lend - lent - lent - to borrow;
let - let - let - let go, give;
lie - lay - lain - lie;
light - lit (lighted) - lit (lighted) - to light;
lose - lost - lost - to lose.
M verbs:
make - made - made - to create;
may - might - might - to be able, to have an opportunity;
mean - meant - meant - have a meaning;
meet - met - met - meet;
miscast - miscast - miscast - it is wrong to distribute roles;
mishear - misheard - misheard - misheard;
mishit - mishit - mishit - miss;
mislay - mislaid - mislaid - put in another place;
mislead - misled - misled - to confuse;
misread - misread - misread - misinterpret;
misspell - misspelt (misspeled) - misspelt (misspeled) - write with errors;
misspend - misspent - misspent - save;
misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood - misunderstand;
mow - mowed - mown (mowed) - mow (lawn).
R verbs:
rid - rid (ridded) - rid (ridded) - get rid of;
ride - rode - ridden - ride a horse;
ring - rang - rung - call;
rise - rose - risen - to rise;
run - ran - run - run, flow.
Verbs ending in s:
saw - sawed - sawn (sawed) - sawing;
say - said - said - to speak, to say;
see - saw - seen - see;
seek - sought - sought - to search;
sell - sold - sold - trade;
send - sent - sent - send;
set - set - set - install;
shake - shook - shaken - shake;
shave - shaved - shaved (shaven) - shave (Xia);
shed - shed - shed - to spill;
shine - shone (shined) - shone (shined) - to shine, to shine;
shoot - shot - shot - shoot, shoot;
show - showed - shown (showed) - show;
shut - shut - shut - shut down;
sing - sang - sung - to sing;
sink - sank - sunk - sink, sink, sink;
sit - sat - sat - to sit;
sleep - slept - slept - sleep;
slide - slid - slid - slide;
slit - slit - slit - rip, cut;
smell - smelt (smelled) - smelt (smelled) - smell, smell;
speak - spoke - spoken - to conduct a conversation;
speed - sped (speeded) - sped (speeded) - accelerate, hurry;
spell - spelt (spelled) - spell (spelled) - write or read, pronouncing each letter;
spend - spent - spent - spend;
spill - spilt (spilled) - spilt (spilled) - to spill;
spin - spun (span) - spun - spin;
spit - spat (spit) - spat (spit) - don't care;
split - split - split - split (s);
spoil - spoilt (spoiled) - spoilt (spoiled) - spoil;
spotlight - spotlit (spotlighted) - spotlit (spotlighted) - to light;
spread - spread - spread - spread;
stand - stood - stood - to stand;
steal - stole - stolen - to steal;
stick - stuck - stuck - stab, glue;
sting - stung - stung - sting;
stink - stank; stunk - stunk - smell unpleasant;
strike - struck - struck - pound, beat, strike;
swear - swore - sworn - to swear, to take an oath;
swell - swelled - swollen (swelled) - to swell;
swim - swam - swum - to swim;
swing - swung - swung - swing.
Verbs ending in t:
take - took - taken - take, take;
teach - taught - taught - learn;
tear - tore - torn - to break;
tell - told - told - tell, tell;
think - thought - thought - to think;
throw - threw - thrown - throw.
W verbs:
wake - woke (waked) - woken (waked) - wake up, wake up;
wear - wore - worn - to wear (clothes);
weave - wove (weaved) - woven (weaved) - to weave;
wed - wed (wedded) - wed (wedded) - to marry;
weep - wept - wept - cry;
wet - wet (wetted) - wet (wetted) - to wet, moisten;
win - won - won - to win;
wind - wound - wound - wind up (mechanism);
write - wrote - written - write.
We hope that after reading this article, the English language has become a little clearer for you.
Remember the multiplication table in math? So, in English, this is a table of irregular verbs. This is one of the basics in English that you need to learn. An irregular verb is one that defies generally accepted grammar rules. Below is the table of irregular verbs in English with audio accompaniment. And if you really want to be fluent in English, you need to learn these verbs.
Infinitive | Past simple (simple past tense) |
Past participle (past participle) |
Translation | |
be | was / were | been | to be | |
beat | beat | beaten | beat | |
become | became | become | become | |
begin | began | begun | start off | |
break | broke | broken | break | |
bring | brought | brought | bring | |
build | built | built | build | |
burn | burnt | burnt | burn | |
burst | burst | burst | explode | |
buy | bought | bought | buy | |
can | could | could | be able, be able | |
catch | caught | caught | catch, catch | |
choose | chose | chosen | choose | |
come | came | come | to come | |
cost | cost | cost | cost | |
cut | cut | cut | cut | |
do | did | done | make | |
draw | drew | drawn | to draw with a pencil) | |
drink | drank | drunk | drink | |
drive | drove | driven | drive) | |
eat | ate | eaten | eat, eat | |
fall | fell | fallen | fall | |
feel | felt | felt | feel | |
fight | fought | fought | fight | |
find | found | found | find | |
fly | flew | flown | fly | |
forget | forgot | forgotten | forget | |
get | got | got | receive, become | |
give | gave | given | to give | |
go | went | gone | go | |
grow | grew | grown | grow, grow | |
hang | hung | hung | hang, hang | |
have | had | had | have | |
hear | heard | heard | hear | |
hide | hid | hidden | hide | |
hit | hit | hit | hit, hit | |
hold | held | held | Keep | |
hurt | hurt | hurt | to cause a pain | |
keep | kept | kept | keep; keep on doing | |
know | knew | known | know | |
learn | learnt | learnt | study) | |
leave | left | left | leave, leave | |
let | let | let | let | |
lie | lay | lain | lie | |
lose | lost | lost | lose | |
make | made | made | make, make | |
mean | meant | meant | keep in mind | |
meet | met | met | meet; meet | |
pay | paid | paid | to pay | |
prove | proved | proven | prove | |
put | put | put | put | |
read | read | read | read | |
ring | rang | rung | to call | |
run | ran | run | run | |
say | said | said | to tell | |
see | saw | seen | see | |
set | set | set | put | |
sew | sewed | sewn | sew | |
sell | sold | sold | sell | |
send | sent | sent | send, send | |
shine | shone | shone | shine | |
show | showed | shown | show | |
shut | shut | shut | close, slam | |
sing | sang | sung | sing | |
sit | sat | sat | sit | |
sleep | slept | slept | sleep | |
speak | spoke | spoken | talk | |
spend | spent | spent | spend time) | |
spoil | spoilt | spoilt | spoil | |
spread | spread | spread | spread out | |
spring | sprang | sprung | jump | |
stand | stood | stood | stand | |
steal | stole | stolen | steal, steal | |
swim | swam | swum | swim | |
take | took | taken | take | |
teach | taught | taught | teach, teach | |
tell | told | told | tell (smb.) | |
think | thought | thought | think | |
throw | threw | thrown | throw | |
understand | understood | understood | understand | |
wake | woke | woken | wake up, wake up | |
wear | wore | worn | wear clothes) | |
weep | wept | wept | cry | |
win | won | won | win | |
write | wrote | written | write |
Anyone who begins to immerse themselves in the fascinating world of learning English often faces a whole bunch of problems and difficulties. This is not surprising. After all, incomprehensible speech turns, confusing tenses and irregular verbs can darken the science even for the most cheerful student. Let's figure out how to be and where did irregular verbs come from in English?
It's no secret that every language goes through a lot of stages of its formation, is formed by the influence of neighboring countries and cultures. English is no exception. It is believed that irregular verbs are echoes of the past, when the language was only at the stage of development.
The influence of European society on England was colossal and made its own adjustments to the sphere of communication. But, the British, a people who did not like changes too much and honored their native language. Therefore, he continued to communicate in his usual way. So, the verbs that have passed through the centuries have taken root in modern society. It is worth noting that with these words everything is in order, they are correct, they are just quite distinctive and do not obey any time frame, therefore they conjugate in their own way. So how do you master these parts of speech and finally learn? There are many ways.
How to learn English irregular verbs?
English Irregular Verb Table is quite extensive and has more than two hundred words. Wow, you tell me! Don't worry, most native English people don't know all of them themselves. It is enough to learn the basic words and you will be able to support any conversation and look at a decent level among the English-speaking society. And knowing a couple of effective ways, turn boring science into an exciting game.
To simplify this task, you need to visualize the object of study. To do this, write out irregular verbs on cards and hang them throughout the apartment, especially in places where you are most often. So, they will constantly be in front of your eyes, thereby helping to memorize them without much difficulty.
If you want to teach your child with a verb, you can prepare cards on which all forms will be written. So, folding the table like a jigsaw, the child will memorize more and more designs over and over again. Although, this option of study can be practiced by an adult.
Another one of effective methods is to download the audio version of the verbs and listen to them systematically, for example, on the way to work and home. And for a child, a great option would be to compose a song that consists of these words. Hum it together on the way to the store or when doing a joint business and after a week you will notice the first results.
English is quite easy to learn if you approach it from a creative side. Throw away boring memorization and monotonous repetition, and soon you yourself will not notice how you begin not only to speak, but also to think in this language.