The article will talk about Russian biologists. We will look at the very following meaningful names Owners, and also get acquainted with their achievements. From the article you will learn about those Russian biologists, who really made a significant contribution to the development of this science. Everyone who is interested in animals and floral world, it's just obliged to know the names that we call below.

Ivan Pavlov

This scientist in Soviet times did not even need it to be represented. However B. modern world Not every person can say for sure who Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. The man was born in 1849. The most weightful achievement is the creation of the teachings on the activities of the Higher nervous system. He also wrote a lot of books on the features of blood circulation and digestion. This is the first Russian scientist who received the Nobel Prize for achievements in the consideration of digestive mechanisms.

Experiments on dogs

Ivan Pavlov is a Russian biologist who is known for conducting experiments on dogs. In our country there are many jokes and caricatures associated with this. Moreover, when it comes to instincts, everyone immediately recalls Pavlov's dog. The scientist began experiments from 1890. He managed to develop conditional reflexes in animals. For example, he achieved the fact that the dogs had a gastric juice after they heard the sound of the call, and before that the call was always preceded by reception of food. The peculiarity of this scientist's technique is that he has seen the relationship between mental and physiological processes. Multiple subsequent studies have confirmed its presence.

The first work was published in 1923. In 1926, began research in the field of genetics. For several years he worked in psychiatric clinics. The discoveries of Ivan Pavlov helped a lot to learn about mental illness, as well as the possible methods of their treatment. Thanks to the support of the Government of the USSR, Pavlov had enough resources in order to conduct all his experiments, which made it possible to achieve other outstanding results.

Ilya Misnokov

The list of Russian biologists continue to the famous name I. I. Mechnikov. This is a famous microbiologist who in 1908 received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine. Born in Kharkov in 1845. In the same city he studied. He studied embryology in Italy, in 1868 he defended his doctoral dissertation. In 1886, together with other scientists, created a bacteriological station, which at that time was the first in Russia.

His first books wrote on the topic of zoology and evolutionary embryology. He is the author of the theory of phagotitella. He opened the phenomenon of phagocytosis, developed the theory of comparative pathology of inflammation. Posted a huge set of work on bacteriology. I put the experiments on yourself, and thus proved that the causative agent of Asian cholera is cholera vibrion. He died in 1916 in Paris.

Alexander Kovalevsky

The list of famous Russian-scientists of biologists will continue the named after Alexander Kovalevsky. This is a great scientist who was a zoologist. Worked at the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Born in 1842. First, he studied at home, and then entered the case of the communication engineers. After that graduated from St. Petersburg University at the department natural Sciences. He defended his master's and doctoral dissertation.

In 1868, he was already a professor of zoology and worked at the University of Kazan. Three years spent in Algeria and on the Red Sea, where he was engaged in his research. Most of them are devoted to the embryography of invertebrates. In the 1860s conducted studies that allowed to open germinal layers in organisms.

Nikolay Vavilov

It is simply impossible to submit a list of Russian great scientists of biologists without the name of Nikolai Vavilov. This man created the doctrine of the immunity of plants. He also owns the opening of the law on hereditary changes in the body and homologous series. Made a significant contribution to the development of teachings on biological species, created a huge collection of seeds various plants. She, by the way, is recognized as the biggest in the world.

The future scientist was born in Moscow in 1887 in the family family. He was a leaving of the peasants. For some time, he worked as director of the firm of the Father, which was engaged in invoices. Vavilov's mother was from the artist's family. In total, there were 7 children in the family, but three of them died at an early age.

Training and achievements

Nikolai Vavilov studied in a commercial school, later entered the Moscow Agricultural Institute, which graduated in 1911. After that, it began working at the department of private farming. From 1917 he read lectures at the University of Saratov, after 4 years already worked in Petrograd. Thanks to its research, there was almost all the plants of the Volga region and the Volga region.

A scientist has dedicated an expedition for more than 20 years, which he spent in the Mediterranean and Central Asia. For a long time I remembered my trip to Afghanistan in 1924. All collected materials helped Vavilov define not only the origin, but also the spread of plants. His contribution is simply invaluable, because he strongly simplified the further work of breeders and botany. It seems incredible, but Nicholas managed to collect more than 300 thousand different samples.

In 1926 he received a premium for its activities on the study of immunity, origin of plants, the discovery of the law of homologous series. Nikolay Vavilov is the owner of a huge range of awards and several medals.

However, there is a dark spot in his biography. A lot of party ideologues were configured against the scientist due to scientific activity His student T. Lysenko. The opposition campaign was directed against the research of the scientist in the field of genetics. In 1940, Vavilov had to finish all scientific work. Moreover, he was accused of hydration, and he was even arrested. Not easy fate suffered this great scientist in his last years. He died in prison from hunger in a foreign city of Saratov in 1943.

Rehabilitation

The investigation lasted more than 10 months during which the scientist caused to interrogations more than 400 times. After the death of this, the Great Russian scientist refused even in a separate grave, as a result, he was buried with other prisoners. Only in 1955 was rehabilitated. All accusations regarding his activities were removed.

Alexander Venevak

About Russian-based biologists who received the Nobel Prize, we have already talked, but this does not mean that they should be forgotten about other researchers, because their contribution is also essential. Alexander Venevak is a Russian oceanologist, a doctor of biological sciences, a professor and a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

He studied at Moscow State University at the Biological Faculty. In 1990 he became a doctor of science. Since 2007, he headed the laboratory that belonged to the Oceanology Institute. So smoothly we moved to the consideration of Russian biologists of the 21st century. The scientist wrote more than 100 scientific papers. Its main achievements are related to how it can be used modern methods Analysis in geoecology and oceanology.

I spent more than 20 dives and 200 expeditions. It is the creator of the model of the hydrothermal system. Developed the concept of the ecosystem inhabited by a special fauna. Employees from other countries jointly created a technique that allows to determine the role of marine nano- and microbiotes. Opened and described more than 50 types of crustaceans.

Gennady Rosenberg

He was born in 1949 in Ufa. His name, we also continue to consider the list of Russian scientists-biologists of the 21st century. She planned to become an engineer, but soon headed the laboratory at the Institute of Biology. In 1987 he moved to Togliatti. It is the creator of the method for analyzing the structure and dynamics of ecosystems. Created its own ecology system of large regions for analytics purposes.

Yuri Ilyin

The future scientist was born in the winter of 1941 in Asbest. Famous molecular biologist. He was a specialist in molecular genetics and biology. In 1976 he conducted a study of mobile genes. It is extremely difficult to overestimate its value, as it greatly advanced the whole science forward. He studied mobile elements of eukaryot. It is the creator of the theory on the role of mobile genes in carcinogenesis, evolution and mutagenesis.

Zinaida Donets

Other names

It is worth noting that Russian scientists-biologists and their discoveries are not always evaluated. There are many researchers who know only those who also associated their lives with this science. For example, it is worth mentioning the name of Nikolai Koltsov - a Russian biologist, which is considered the founder of experimental biology. He first created a hypothesis of the molecular structure of chromosomes and their matrix reproduction. The discovery was made in 1928. Thus, this outstanding scientist anticipated all the basic provisions of modern biology and genetics.

It is impossible not to mark the Russian natural scientist Timiryazev. He was born in 1843. It is an opener of the patterns of photosynthesis. Discovered and substantiated the process of influence of light on education organic substances in plants in layers.

Sergey Chetverikov is a talented Soviet geneticist, which is rightfully considered one of the founders of population and evolutionary genetics. This is one of the first researchers who found the relationship between the patterns of selection of individuals in the population and speed of dynamics in evolutionary processes.

Alexander Tikhomirov is a Russian scientist who opened an artificial parthenogenesis. But this phenomenon is considered the most important section of the teachings about individual Development living creature. Made a great contribution to the development of silverhood in our country.

So we reviewed the information briefly about Russian biologists and discoveries. However, I would also like to mention a few names that very few people know about.

It is worth mentioning Ivan Gmelin - a participant in the Great Northern Expedition and Naturalist. The scientist is an academic researcher of Siberia, Ethnographer and Botany. Described more than 500 species of Siberia plants. There was more than 34,000 km. Posted by a surround work on the flora of the region.

Nikolay Turchaninov is the first scientist who described the fauna of Transbaikalia and Baikalia. Collected a huge private herbarium. I described only more than 2000 species of plants from around the world. It is the most significant researcher asian flora.

It is also worth mentioning the name of Andrei Faminzina, who is a dedicator of the semiotic nature of lichens. Also opened the algae symbiosis and radilation. Globally investigated artificial lighting For plants.

On this and completed the consideration of the biographies of Russian biologists and their discoveries (briefly). We mentioned all the most significant names, without which it is simply impossible to submit Russian biology. However, despite this, there are many other scientists, the contribution to the development of this science is simply invaluable. Russian scientists - biologists worthy of attention, because they literally created basic principles modern science And actually laid the first bases.

To know these names should every person, if only because biology is a science of life itself. Summing up the article, I would like to once again express respect for Russian biologists, thanks to which we have the opportunity to study a holistic complex science. Remember that these names can be proud of these names. Of course, the contribution of scientists from around the world is important, but we need to know and respect their own heroes.

Likbez for Shazyro-Solovyov, who said that Russian science was created by Stalin, and there was no one in addition to Mendeleev

Russian science is not only one of the greatest in the world, it is still a blacksmith personnel for other countries. In the world, even there is such a term "Russian Science", although many of the scientists who are referred to as they have not been living in Russia for a long time, but they studied here.

1. P.N. Apple and A.N. Lododagin - the world's first light bulb

2. A.S. Popov - Radio

3. V.K. Zvorakin (the world's first electronic microscope, TV and television)

4. A.F. Mozhaisky - the inventor of the world's first aircraft

5. I.I. Sikorsky - the Great Aircraft Design, created the world's first helicopter, the world's first bomber

6. A.M. Understood - the world's first video recorder

7. S.P. Korolev - the world's first ballistic rocket, spacecraft, first Earth satellite

8. A.M.Prokhorov and N.G. Basov - the world's first quantum generator - Maser

9. S. V. Kovalevskaya (the first woman in the world - Professor)

10. S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky - the world's first color photo

11. A.A.Alekseev - Needle Screen Creator

12. F.A. Pyroatsky - the world's first electric tram

13. F.A. Blinov - the world's first tracked tractor

14. V.A. Oldevich - Surround-multiplication cinema

15. E.M. Artamonov - invented the world's first bike with pedals, steering wheel with a rotating wheel

16. O.V. Losev - the world's first amplifier and generating semiconductor device

17. V.P. Mutalin - the world's first hinged building combine

18. A. R. Vlasenko - the first combustion machine in the world

19. V.P. Demikhov - the first in the world carried the lung transplant and the first created model of artificial heart

20. A.P. Vinogradov - created a new direction in science - geochemistry of isotopes

21.I.I. Sliders - the world's first thermal engine

22. G. E. Kotelnikov - the first Ranger rescue parachute

23. I.V. Kurchatov - the first nuclear power plant (Obninskaya), also under his leadership the first hydrogen bomb in the world with a capacity of 400 Kt was developed, undermined on August 12, 1953. It was the Kurchatov team who developed the RDS-202 thermonuclear bomb (tsar-bomb) of a record capacity of 52,000 KT.

24. M. O. Tolivo-Dobrovolsky - invented the three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer than put the point in disputes of supporters of permanent (edison) and alternating current

25. V. P. Vologdin - the world's first high-voltage mercury straightener with a liquid cathode, developed induction furnaces To use high frequency currents in industry

26. S.O. Kostovich - created in 1879 the world's first gasoline engine

27. V.P. Glushko - the world's first e / thermal rocket engine

28. V. V. Petrov - opened the phenomenon of arc discharge

29. N. G. Slavyanov - Arc Electric Welding

30. I. F. Aleksandrovsky - invented the stereo apparatus

31. D.P. Grigorovich - Creator of the Hydrosolt

32.G.Fedorov - the world's first automatic

33. A.K.Nartov - built the world's first lathe with a movable caliper

34. M.V. Lomonosov - For the first time in science, the principle of preserving matter and movement was formulated, for the first time in the world began to read the course of physical chemistry, first discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus

35. IP Culibine - Mechanic, developed a project of the world's first wooden arched union bridge, the inventor of the spotlight

36. V.V.Petrov - physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; opened electric arc

37. P.I.Prokopovich - For the first time in the world invented the framework of the Flow, in which the store applied with the framework

38. N.I.Lobachevsky - Mathematics, the creator of "non-child geometry"

39. D.A. Zagryazhsky - invented a caterpillar

40. B.O. Squobi - invented galvanoplasty and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft

41. P.P.Anosov - Metallurg, revealed the secret of the manufacture of ancient beads

42. D.I. Zhuravsky - for the first time developed the theory of settlements of bridge farms, which is currently used worldwide

43. N.I.Pirogov - For the first time in the world, the Atlas "Topographic Anatomy" was atlas, which did not have analogue, invented anesthesia, plaster and much more

44. I.R. Hermann - for the first time in the world amounted to a summary of uranium minerals

45. A.M. Butlerov - for the first time formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of organic compounds

46. \u200b\u200bIM Schechenov - the creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published its main work "Brain Reflexes"

47. D.I. Imeteleev - opened a periodic law chemical elements, Creator of the Table of the same name

48. M.A.Novinsky - Veterinary doctor, laid the foundations of experimental oncology

49. G.G.Nignatev - For the first time in the world, developed a system of simultaneous telephoning and telegraphing on one cable

50. K.S.Jewetsky - built the world's first submarine with an electric motor

51. N.I. Kiblchich - for the first time in the world developed a scheme of a rocket aircraft

52. N.N. Benardos - invented electric welding

53. V.V. Dokucheev - laid the foundations of genetic soil science

54. V.I. Szzannevsky - Engineer, invented the world's first aerial photography

55. A.G.Stolets - physicist, for the first time in the world created a photocell based on an external photo effect

56. P.D. Kuzminsky - built the world's first gas turbine in the world

57. I.V. Boldyrev - the first flexible photosensitive non-combustible film, was based on the creation of cinema

58. I.A.Timchenko - developed the world's first film equipment

59. S.M.Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M.F. Freudenberg - created the world's first automatic telephone exchange

60. N.D.pilchov - physicist, for the first time in the world created and successfully demonstrated a system of wireless control

61. V.A.Gassiev - Engineer, built the world's first photophone machine

62. K.E. Tsiolkovsky - the founder of astronautics

63. P.N. Lebedev - physicist, for the first time in science experimentally proved the existence of pressure of light on solid bodies

64. I.P. Pavlov - the creator of the science of the highest nervous activity

65. V.I. Vernadsky - naturalist, creator of many scientific schools

66. A.N. Skryabin - Composer, for the first time in the world used light effects in the symphonic poem "Prometheus"

67. N.E. Zhukovsky - Creator of aerodynamics

68. S.V. Lebedev - first received artificial rubber

69. G.A. Tikhov - Astronomer, for the first time in the world found that the Earth when observing it from the space should have a blue color. In the future, as you know, it was confirmed when shooting our planet from space

70. N.D. Zelinsky - developed the world's first coal high efficient gas mask

71. N.P. Dubinin - genetics, discovered the division of the gene

72. MA Koelestnikov - invented Turbobur in 1922

73. E.K. Zamer opened electric paramagnetic resonance

74. N.I. Lunin - proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings

75. N.P. Wagner - opened insect pedogenesis

76. Svyatoslav Fedorov - the first in the world spent the treatment of glaucoma

77. S.S. Yudin - for the first time applied in the clinic blood transfusion suddenly dead people

78. A.V. Shubbnikov - predicted existence and first created piezoelectric textures

79. L.V. Shubnikov - Effect of Schubnikova-de Haaza (magnetic properties of superconductors)

80. N.A. Rangaryzhev - opened the phenomenon of the passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes

81. P.P. Lazarev - the creator of the ion theory of excitement

82. P.A. Molchanov - meteorologist, created the world's first radio

83. N.A. The minds - the physicist, the energy equation, the concept of energy stream;

84. E.S. Fedorov - the founder of crystallography

85. G.S. Petrov - Chemist, first synthetic detergent

86. V.F. Petrushevsky - scientist and general, invented a rangefinder for artillery

87.I.I. Orlov - invented a way to manufacture woven credit tickets and a method of single-rogon multiple printing (Oryol Print)

88. Mikhail Ostrogradsky - Mathematics, Formula O. (multiple integral)

89. P.L. Chebyshev - Mathematician, polynomials Ch. (Orthogonal system of functions), parallelogram

90. P.A. Cherenkov - physicist, radiation Ch. (New optical effect), Counter C. (nuclear radiation detector in nuclear physics)

91. D.K. Chernov - points of C. (Critical points of the phase transformations of steel)

92. V.I. Kalashnikov - the first in the world equipped river ships with a steam engine with multiple steam expansion

93. A.V. Kirsanov - chemist-organizing, reaction K. (phosphozoaction)

94. A.M. Lyapunov - Mathematics, created the theory of stability of systems, equilibrium and movement of mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters, as well as theorem L. (one of the limit theorems of probability theory)

95. Dmitry Konovalov - Chemist, the laws of Konovalov (elasticity of pararoitters)

96. S.N. Reformed - a chemical-organogen, Reformed reaction

97. V.A. Semennikov - Metallurg, the first in the world in the world did not care for the copper matte and got black copper

98. I.R. Prigogin - Physicist, Theorem P. (Thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes)

99. M.M. Protodiakonov - a scientist, developed a worldwide fortress-generally accepted

100. M.F. Shostakovsky - Chemist Organic, Balsam Sh. (Vinylin)

101. M.S. Color - Color Method (Chromotography of Plant Pigments)

102. A.N. Tupolev - constructed the world's first jet passenger aircraft and the first supersonic passenger aircraft

103. A.S. Faminzin - physiologist of plants, the first developed a method for implementing photosynthetic processes in artificial lighting

104. B.S. Stechkin - created a two-headed vetera - the thermal calculation of aircraft engines and air-jet engines

105. A.I. Leipunk - physicist, opened the power transmission phenomenon with excited atoms and molecules with free electrons in collisions

106. D.D. Maksutov - Optic, Telescope M. (Menisk System of Optical Devices)

107. N.A. Menshutykin - Chemist, opened the effect of the solvent on the rate of chemical reaction

108. I.I. Swords - founders of evolutionary embryology

109. S.N. Vinogradsky - opened chemosynthesis

110. V.S. Highlights - Metallurg, invented the method of producing armor plates by rolling method

111. A.I. Bakhmutsky - invented the world's first coal combine (for coal mining)

112. A.N. Belozersky - opened DNA in higher plants

113. S.S. PRUKHONENKO - physiologist, created the first apparatus of artificial blood circulation in the world (autotent)

114. G.P. Georgiev - Biochemist, opened RNA in animal cell nuclei

115. E. A. Murzin - invented the world's first optical-electronic synthesizer "ANS"

116. P.M. Golubitsky - Russian inventor in telephony

117. V. F. Mitkevich - for the first time in the world offered to use a three-phase arc for welding metals

118. L.N. Gobyato - Colonel, the world's first mortar was invented in Russia in 1904

119. V.G. Shukhov - inventor, the first in the world applied for the construction of buildings and steensions steel mesh shells

120. I.F. Trrusenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky - made the first Russian world journey, studied the islands of the Pacific Ocean, described the life of Kamchatka and about. Sakhalin

121. F.F. BELLINSGAUZEN and M.P. Lazarev - opened Antarctica

122. The world's first icebreaker modern type - steamer of the Russian fleet "Paylot" (1864), the first Arctic icebreaker - "Ermak", was built in 1899 under the direction of S.O. Makarova.

123. V.N. Sukachev is the founder of biogeocenology, one of the founders of the teachings on phytocenosis, its structure, classification, dynamics, relationships with the medium and its animal population

124. Alexander Hestmeyanov, Alexander Arbuzov, Grigory Razuev - the creation of chemistry of elementorganic compounds.

125. V.I. Levkov - Under his leadership, for the first time in the world, apparatuses on an air cushion were created

126. G.N. Babakin - Russian Designer, Creator of Soviet Moonholders

127. P.N. Nesterov - the first in the world performed a closed curve in the vertical plane on the plane, "dead loop", called subsequently "Nesterov's loop"

128. B. B. Golitsyn - became the founder of the new science of seismology

And many more and many others ...

Russian strategy

Aristotle (384-322 BC.)

Aristotle is an outstanding ancient Greek scientist encyclopedist, philosopher and logic, founder of classical (formal) logic. It is considered one of the greatest geniuses in history and the most influential philosopher of antiquity. Made a huge contribution to the development of logic and natural sciences, especially astronomy, physics and biology. Although many of his scientific theories were refuted, they significantly contributed to the search for new hypotheses of their explanation.

Archimedes (287-212 BC. E.)

Archimedes - famous ancient Greek mathematician, inventor, astronomer, physicist and engineer. As a rule, it is considered the greatest mathematician of all times and one of the leading scientists of the classical period of antiquity. Among its contribution in the field of physics - fundamental principles of hydrostatics, static and explanation of the principle of action on the lever. The invention is attributed to the invention of innovative mechanisms, including siege machines and a screw pump, named in his honor. Archimeda also invented a spiral, which carries its name, formulas for calculating the volumes of rotation surfaces and the original system to express very large numbers.

Galileo (1564-1642)

At the eighth place in the ranking of the greatest scientists in the history of the world is Galileo - Italian physicist, astronomer, mathematician and philosopher. The father of observation astronomy and the "father of modern physics" was called "Father of Observation Astronomy". Galileo became the first who used a telescope for observing heavenly bodies. Thanks to this, he made a number of outstanding astronomical discoveries, such as the opening of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, solar spots, the rotation of the Sun, and also found that Venus changes the phases. He also invented the first thermometer (without a scale) and the proportional circulation.

Michael Faraday (1791-1867)

Michael Faraday is an English physicist and a chemist, primarily known for the opening of electromagnetic induction. Faraday also opened the chemical effect of the current, diamagnetism, the effect of the magnetic field into the light, the laws of electrolysis. He also invented the first, albeit a primitive electric motor, and the first transformer. Introduced the term cathode, anode, ion, electrolyte, diamagnetism, dielectric, paramagnetism, etc. In 1824, he opened the chemical elements of benzene and isobutylene. Some historians consider Michael Faraday the best experimenter in the history of science.

Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)

Thomas Alva Edison is an American inventor and businessman, founder of the prestigious Scientific Journal Science. It is considered one of the most prolific inventors of its time with a record number of patents issued in his name - 1093 in the United States and 1239 in other countries. Among its inventions - the creation in 1879 electric lamp Incandescence, electricity distribution systems to consumers, phonograph, improvement of telegraph, telephone, film equipment, etc.

Marie Curie (1867-1934)

Maria Sklodovskaya-Curie - French physicist and chemist, teacher, public figure, Pioneer in the field of radiology. The only woman laureate of the Nobel Prize in two different areas of science - physics and chemistry. The first woman is a professor who teaches at the University of Sorbonne. Its achievements include the development of the theory of radioactivity, methods for separating radioactive isotopes and the discovery of two new chemical elements - radium and polonium. Marie Curie is one of the inventors who died from their inventions.

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Louis Pasteur is a French chemist and a biologist, one of the founders of microbiology and immunology. He opened the microbiological essence of fermentation and many human diseases. Initiated a new chemistry department - stereochemistry. The most important achievement of Pasteur is the work on bacteriology and virology, as a result of which the first vaccines against rabies and Siberian ulcers were created. His name is widely known thanks to them and called later in his honor of pasteurization technology. All the work of Pasteur became a bright example of the combination of fundamental and applied research in the field of chemistry, anatomy and physics.

Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)

Isaac Newton is an outstanding English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, historian, Bible researcher and Alchemist. It is the primary law of the laws of movement. Sir Isaac Newton opened the law of world gravity, laid the foundations of classical mechanics, formulated the principle of preserving the impulse, laid the foundations of modern physical optics, built the first telescope reflector and developed the color theory, formulated the empirical law of heat exchange, built the theory of sound speed, proclaimed the theory of the origin of the stars and Many other mathematical and physical theories. Newton also became the first one who mathematically described the phenomenon of tides.

Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Albert Einstein is the second place in the list of the greatest scientists in the history of the world, one of the greatest physicists of theoretics of the twentieth century, the creator of the overall and special theory of relativity, discovered the law of the relationship of mass and energy, as well as many other significant physical theories. The winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for the opening of the photoelectric effect law. Author of more than 300 scientific works on physics and 150 books and articles in the field of history, philosophy, journalism, etc.

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)

Nikola Tesla is the most great scientist, the Serbian and American inventor, a physicist, an electromechanics engineer, known for its achievements in the field of alternating current, magnetism and electrical engineering. In particular, it belongs to the invention of AC, polyfazoi system and an electric motor with alternating current. In total, Tesla is the author of about 800 inventions in the field of electrical and radio engineering, among them the first electric clock, the engine for solar energy, radio, etc. was a key figure when building the first hydroelectric power plant in Niagara Falls.

Our answer is false Western propaganda that the Russians have never created anything, and not to create anything, "and that the Americans and Europeans created" ...

"Three heroes". Victor Vasnetsov, 1898

***

Pavel Apple - the inventor of the first light bulb

1. P.N. Apple and A.N. Lododagin - the world's first light bulb.

2. A.S. Popov is a radio inventor.

3. VK. Zvorykin (the world's first electronic microscope, TV and television).

4. A.F. Mozhaisky - the inventor of the world's first aircraft.

5. I.I. Sikorsky - the Great Aircraft Design, created the first helicopter in the world, the world's first bomber.

6. A.M. It is understood - the world's first video recorder.

7. S.P. Korolev - the world's first ballistic rocket, spacecraft, first satellite of the Earth.

8. A.M. Prokhorov and N.G. Basov - the world's first quantum generator - Maser.

9. S.V. Kovalevskaya (the world's first woman is a professor).

10. S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky - the world's first color photo.

11. A.A.Alekseev - the creator of the needle screen.

12. F.A. Pyroatsky - the world's first electric tram.

13. F.A. Blinov is the first caterpillar tractor in the world.

14. V.A. Oldevich is a surround-multiplication movie.

15. E.M. Artamonov - invented the world's first bike with pedals, steering wheel, rotating wheels.

16. O.V. Losev - the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device.

17. V.P. Mutalin is the world's first attached construction combine.

18. A. R. Vlasenko - the first combustion machine in the world.

19. V.P. Demikhov - the first in the world carried out a lung transplant and first created the artificial heart model.

20. A.P. Vinogradov - created a new direction in science - geochemistry of isotopes.

21.I.I. The slider is the world's first thermal engine.

22. G.E. Kotelnikov - the first Ranger rescue parachute.

Academician Igor Kurchatov Under his leadership, the world's first hydrogen bomb was developed

23. I.V. Kurchatov - the first nuclear power plant (Obninskaya), also under his leadership the first hydrogen bomb in the world with a capacity of 400 Kt was developed, undermined on August 12, 1953. It was the Kurchatov team who developed the RDS-202 thermonuclear bomb (tsar-bomb) of a record capacity of 52,000 kt ..

24. M.O. Dolvo-Dobrovolsky - invented the three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer than put the point in the dispute support of the permanent (Edison) and AC.

25. V.P. Vologadin is the world's first high-voltage mercury straightener with a liquid cathode, developed induction furnaces for using high frequency currents in industry.

26. S.O. Kostovich - created in 1879 the world's first gasoline engine.

27. V.P. Glushko - the world's first e / thermal rocket engine.

28. V.V. Petrov - opened the phenomenon of the arc discharge.

29. N.G. Slavs - arc electric welding.

30. I.F. Alexandrovsky - invented the stereo apparatus.

31. D.P. Grigorovich is the creator of the hydrosapol.

32. V.G. Fedorov is the first automatic in the world.

33. A.K. NARTS - built the world's first lathe with a movable caliper.

34. M.V. Lomonosov - for the first time in science, the principle of preserving matter and movement was formulated, for the first time in the world began to read the course of physical chemistry, first discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus.

35. I.P. Kulibin - a mechanic, developed a project of the world's first wooden arched union bridge, the inventor of the searchlight.

36. V.V. Petrov - physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; Opened an electric arc.

37. P.I. Prokopovich - for the first time in the world invented the framework of the Flaw, in which the store applied with the framework.

38. N.I. Lobachevsky - Mathematics, creator of "non-child geometry".

39. D.A. Zagralozsky - invented a crawler stroke.

40. B.O. Jacobi - invented galvanoplasty and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft.

41. P.P. Anosov - Metallurg, revealed the mystery of the manufacture of ancient beads.

42. D.I. Zhuravsky - for the first time developed the theory of calculations of bridge farms, which is currently used throughout the world.

43. N.I. Pies - for the first time in the world amounted to the atlas "topographic anatomy", which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, plaster and much more.

44. I.R. Hermann - for the first time in the world amounted to a summary of uranium minerals.

45. A.M. Butlers - for the first time formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of organic compounds.

46. \u200b\u200bIM Sechenov - the creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work "brain reflexes".

47. D.I. Mendeleev - opened the periodic law of chemical elements, creator of the table of the same name.

48. MA Novinsky is a veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology.

49. G.G. Ignatiev - for the first time in the world developed a system of simultaneous telephoning and telegraphing on one cable.

50. K.S. Jewetsky - built the world's first submarine with an electric motor.

51. N.I. Kibalchich - for the first time in the world developed a scheme of a rocket aircraft.

52. N.N. Benardos - invented electric welding.

53. V.V. Dokuchaev - laid the foundations of genetic soil.

54. V.I. Szreznevsky - Engineer, invented the world's first aerial photographer.

55. A.G. Counters - a physicist, for the first time in the world created a photocell based on an external photo effect.

56. P.D. Kuzminsky - built the world's first gas turbine in the world.

57. I.V. Boldyrev - the first flexible photosensitive non-combustible film, was based on the creation of cinema.

58.A.A. Timchenko - developed the world's first film equipment.

59. S.M.Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M.F. Freudenberg - created the world's first automatic telephone exchange.

60. N.D. Pilgers - a physicist, for the first time in the world created and successfully demonstrated a wireless control system.

61. V.A. Gassiev - an engineer, built the world's first photophone machine.

62. K.E. Tsiolkovsky is the founder of astronautics.

63. P.N. Lebedev is a physicist, for the first time in science, experimentally proved the existence of light pressure on solid bodies.

64. I.P. Pavlov - the creator of science about the highest nervous activity.

65. V.I. Vernadsky - the naturalist, the creator of many scientific schools.

66. A.N. Scriabin - composer, for the first time in the world used light effects in the Simphonic Poem "Prometheus".

67. N.E. Zhukovsky - the creator of aerodynamics.

68. S.V. Lebedev - for the first time I got an artificial rubber.

69. G.A. Thykh - astronomer, for the first time in the world found that the Earth when observing it from the space should have a blue color. In the future, as you know, it was confirmed when shooting our planet from space.

70.nd. Zelinsky - developed the world's first coal high efficient gas mask.

71. N.P. Dubinin - genetic, discovered the division of the gene.

72. MA Koelestnikov - invented Turbobur in 1922.

73. E.K. Zavedsky opened electric paramagnetic resonance.

74. N.I. Lunin - proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings.

75. N.P. Wagner - opened insect pedogenesis.

76. Svyatoslav Fedorov - the first in the world took an operation on the treatment of glaucoma.

77. S.S. Yudin - for the first time applied blood transfusion in the clinic suddenly dead people.

78. A.V. Shubnikov - predicted existence and first created piezoelectric textures.

79. L.V. Shubnikov - Effect of Schubnikov-de Hahaza (magnetic properties of superconductors).

80. N.A. Rangaryzhev - opened the phenomenon of the passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes.

81. P.P. Lazarev is the creator of the ion theory of excitement.

82. P.A. Molchanov - meteorologist, created the first radio in the world.

83. N.A. The minds - the physicist, the energy equation, the concept of energy stream; By the way, the first explained almost and ether to delibe the theory of relativity.

84. E.S. Fedorov is the founder of crystallography.

85. G.S. Petrov is a chemist, the world's first synthetic detergent.

86. V.F. Petrushevsky - a scientist and general, invented a rangefinder for artillery players.

87.I.I. Orlov - invented the method of manufacturing woven credit tickets and a method of single-rogon multiple printing (Oryol printing).

88. Mikhail Ostrogradsky - Mathematics, Formula O. (multiple integral).

89. P.L. Chebyshev - mathematician, polynomials Ch. (Orthogonal system of functions), parallelogram.

90. P.A. Cherenkov - physicist, radiation Ch. (New optical effect), Counter Ch. (Nuclear radiation detector in nuclear physics).

91. D.K. Chernov - points of Ch. (Critical points of steel phase transformations).

92. V.I. Kalashnikov is not the Kalashnikov, but the other who first equipped the river ships with a steam engine with a multiple steam expansion.

93. A.V. Kirsanov - chemist-organic, reaction K. (phosphosphosoraction).

94. A.M. Lyapunov - Mathematics, created the theory of stability, equilibrium and movement of mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters, as well as theorem L. (one of the limit theorems of the theory of probability).

95. Dmitry Konovalov - Chemist, laws of Konovalov (elasticity of pararoitters).

96. S.N. Reformed is a chemist-organizer, reaction of reformat.

97. V.A. Semennikov - Metallurg, the first in the world in the world made a non-smokery of the copper matte and got black copper.

98. I.R. Prigogin is a physicist, theorem P. (thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes).

99. M.M. Protodiakonov - a scientist, developed the world of rock formation generally accepted in the world.

100. M.F. Shostakovsky - Chemist-organizing, Balsam Sh. (Vinylin).

101. M.S. Color - color method (chromotography of plants pigments).

102. A.N. Tupolev - constructed the world's first jet passenger aircraft and the first supersonic passenger aircraft.

103. A.S. Faminzin is a physiologist of plants, the first developed a method for the implementation of photosynthetic processes in artificial lighting.

104. B.S. Stechkin - created two great theories - the thermal calculation of aircraft engines and air-jet engines.

105. A.I. Leipunk - physicist, discovered the power transmission phenomenon with excited atoms with imolaecons with free electrons during collisions.

106. D.D. Maksutov - Optic, Telescope M. (Menisk System of Optical Devices).

107. N.A. Menshutykin - Chemist, discovered the effect of the solvent on the rate of chemical reaction.

108. I.I. Mechnikov - the founders of evolutionary embryology.

109. S.N. Vinogradsky - opened hemosynthesis.

110. V.S. Pyats - Metallurg, invented the method of producing armor plates by rolling method.

111. A.I. Bakhmutsky - invented the world's first coal combine (for coal mining).

112. A.N. Belozersky - opened DNA in higher plants.

113. S.S. PRUKHONENKO - physiologist, created the first apparatus of artificial blood circulation in the world (autotent).

114. G.P. Georgiev - Biochemist, opened RNA in animal cell nuclei.

115. E.A. Murzin - invented the world's first optical-electronic synthesizer "ANS".

116. P.M. Golubitsky - Russian inventor in telephony.

117. V. F. Mitkevich - for the first time in the world proposed to use a three-phase arc for welding metals.

118. L.N. Gobyato - Colonel, the world's first mortar was invented in Russia in 1904.

119. V.G. Shukhov - inventor, the first in the world applied steel mesh shells for the construction of buildings and towers.

120. I.F. Trrusenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky - made the first Russian world journey, studied the islands of the Pacific Ocean, described the life of Kamchatka and about. Sakhalin.

121. F.F. Bellinshausen and M.P. Lazarev - opened Antarctica.

122. The world's first icebreaker in the world is a steamer of the Russian fleet "Paylot" (1864), the first Arctic icebreaker - "Ermak", built in 1899 under the direction of S.O. Makarova ..

123. V.N. Sukachev is the founder of biogeocenology, one of the founders of the teachings on phytocenosis, its structure, classification, dynamics, relationships with the medium and its animal population.

124. Alexander Hestmeyanov, Alexander Arbuzov, Grigory Rasuev - the creation of chemistry of elementorganic compounds ..

125. V.I. Levkov - Under his leadership, for the first time in the world, apparatus were created on an air cushion.

126. G.N. Babakin is the Russian designer, the creator of Soviet lunokhods.

127. P.N. Nesterov - the first in the world performed on the plane closed curve in the vertical plane, the "dead loop", called subsequently "Nesterov's loop".

128. B.B. Golitsyn - became the founder of the new science of seismology.

129. V.M. Bekhterev is an encyclopedist scientist with a world-famous and many discoveries in the structure of the structure, conducting ways and functions of the brain and the psyche, a morphologist of the nervous system and brain, psycho-pylisian, a neurologist - a clinician-neuropathologist and a psychiatrist, a psychologist - the investigator of a number of industries of psychological science.

And all this is only a minor part of the contribution of Russians to world science.

01/17/2012 11/17/2019 by. ☭ USSR ☭

In our country there were a lot of outstanding figures, which we, unfortunately, forget, not to mention the discoveries that were made by Russian scientists and inventors. Events that turned the history of Russia are also not known to everyone. I want to correct this situation and recall the most famous Russian inventions.

1. Airplane - Mozhaysky A.F.

Talented Russian inventor Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky (1825-1890) The world has created a natural magnitude aircraft capable of raising in the air of man. Over the solution of this complex technical problem to A. F. Mozhaysky, as you know, people of many generations worked both in Russia and in other countries, they walked in different ways, but no one managed to bring the case to practical experience with a full-time aircraft. A. F. Mozhaisky found a sure way to solve this task. He studied the works of his predecessors, developed and supplemented them using its theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Of course, not all questions managed to resolve him, but he did, perhaps, everything that was possible at the time, despite the extremely unfavorable setting for him: the limited material and technical capabilities, as well as distrust of its work on the part of the military-bureaucratic apparatus Tsarist Russia. Under these conditions, A. F. Mozhaisky managed to find spiritual and physical powers to complete the construction of the world's first aircraft. It was a creative feat, forever glorifying our homeland. Unfortunately, the preserved documentaries do not allow in the necessary details to describe the aircraft A. F. Mozhaisk and its tests.

2. Helicopter. - B.N. Yuriev.

Boris Nikolayevich Yuriev is an outstanding aviation scientist, a valid member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Lieutenant-General of Engineering Service. In 1911, invented a sacking machine (main node of a modern helicopter) - a device that made it possible to build helicopters with characteristics of stability and controllability, suitable for safe piloting with ordinary pilots. It was Yuriev who paved the road for the development of helicopters.

3. Radiocene - A.S.popov.

A.S. Popov first demonstrated the action of its device on May 7, 1895. At the meeting of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society in St. Petersburg. This device was the first radio in the world, and the day of May 7 was the birthday of the radio. And now it is celebrated annually in Russia.

4. TV - Roseng B.L.

On July 25, 1907, he filed a request for the invention "The method of electrical transmission of images at distances." Ray sweep in the tube was produced magnetic fields, And the signal modulation (brightness changes) using a condenser that could deflect the ray vertically, thereby changing the number of electrons passing on the screen through the diaphragm. On May 9, 1911, at a meeting of the Russian Technical Society, Roseng demonstrated the transfer of television images of simple geometric shapes and take them to playback on the CRT screen.

5. Parachute Ranger - Kotelnikov G.E.

In 1911, the Russian military, kotelnikov, under the impression of the airflow seen in the All-Russian holiday in 1910 in 1910, the death of the Russian pilot captain L. Mazievich invented a fundamentally new parachute of RK-1. Parachute Kotelnikov was compact. His dome is made of silk, the slings were divided into 2 groups and was attached to the shoulder gaps of the suspended system. The dome and slings were laid in a wooden, and later aluminum quarrels. Later, in 1923, Kotelnikov proposed a ladder for laying a parachute made in the form of an envelope with honeycombs for a sling. In 1917, 65 parsles with parachutes were registered in the Russian army, 36 - for salvation and 29 voluntary.

6. Nuclear power plant.

Launched on June 27, 1954 in Obninsk (then the village of Obninsky Kaluga region). It was equipped with one AM-1 reactor ("atom peace") with a capacity of 5 MW.
The reactor of the Obninsk NPP, in addition to the production of energy, served as a base for experimental studies. Currently, the Obninsk NPP is derived from operation. Her reactor was muffled on April 29, 2002 for economic reasons.

7. Periodic Table of Chemical Elements - Mendeleev D.I.

Periodic system of chemical elements (Mendeleeva Table) is the classification of chemical elements, which establishes the dependence of the various properties of the elements from the charge of the atomic kernel. The system is a graphic expression of a periodic law established by the Russian chemist D. I. Mendeleev in 1869. Its initial version was developed by D. I. Mendeleev in 1869-1871 and established the dependence of the properties of the elements on their atomic weight (in modern, from the atomic mass).

8. Laser.

The prototype laser Maasers were made in 1953-1954. N. G. Basov and A. M. Prokhorov, and also, regardless of them by Americans, Ch. Towns and his employees. Unlike quantum generators of Basov and Prokhorov, which found an exit to use more than two energy levels, a Town Maser could not work in constant mode. In 1964, Basov, Prokhorov and Towns received the Nobel Prize in Physics "For fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which allowed to create generators and amplifiers based on the principle of the Maser and Laser."

9. Bodybuilding

The Russian athlete Evgenia Sandov, the name of his book "Building Body" - Bodybuilding was literally transferred to the English. language.

10. Hydrogen bomb - Sakharov A.D.

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (May 21, 1921, Moscow - December 14, 1989, Moscow) - Soviet physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and a politician, dissident and human rights activist, one of the creators of the first Soviet hydrogen bomb. Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for 1975.

11. The first artificial satellite of the Earth, the first cosmonaut, etc.

12. Gypsum -N. I. Pirogov

Pies for the first time in the history of world medicine applied a gypsum bandage, which made it possible to speed up the process of healing fractures and delivered many soldiers and officers from the ugly curvature of the limbs. During the siege of Sevastopol, to care for wounded, pies used the help of her mercy sisters, some of which came to the front from St. Petersburg. It was also an innovation for those times.

13. Military medicine

Pirogov invented the stratification of military medical service, as well as the methods of studying the human anatomy. In particular, he is the founder of topographic anatomy.

Antarctica was opened on 16 (28 January) of 1820 by the Russian expedition under the leadership of Faddeya Bellinshausen and Mikhail Lazareva, who were at the East and Mirny Sluts approached it at 69 ° 21? Yu. sh. 2 ° 14? s. d. (g) (district of the modern shelves Glacier Bellingshausen).

15. Immunity

Having found in 1882 the phenomena of phagocytosis (as he reported in 1883 at the 7th Congress Rus. Naturalists and doctors in Odessa), developed on them a comparative pathology of inflammation (1892), and in the future - phagocytic immunity theory ("immunity in infectious diseases" , 1901 - Nobel Prize, 1908, together with P. Erlich).

The main cosmological model in which the consideration of the evolution of the Universe begins with a state of dense hot plasma consisting of protons, electrons and photons. For the first time the model of the hot universe was considered in 1947 by George Gamov. The origin of the elementary particles in the model of the hot universe from the end of 1970s is described using a spontaneous symmetry disorder. Many disadvantages of the hot universe model were resolved in the 1980s as a result of constructing the theory of inflation.

The most famous computer game was invented by Alexey Pazitinov in 1985.

18. The first automaton - V.G.Fedorov

Automatic carbine designed for firing queues from hand. V.G.Fadorov. Abroad, this type of weapon is referred to as the "assault rifle".

1913 - an experienced sample under a special intermediate patron (between pistol and rifle).
1916 - adoption of adoption (under the Japanese rifle cartridge) and the first combat application (Romanian Front).

19. Incandescent lamp - Lamina Lamina A.N.

The light bulb has no single inventor. The story of the bulb is a whole chain of discoveries made by different people at different times. However, the merits of Lodigina in the creation of incandescent lamps are especially great. Lododyagin was the first to propose to use tungsten threads in the lamps (in modern electric light bulbs, it is from tungsten) and twist the thread of incandescent in the form of a spiral. Also Lododagin was the first to pump out air lamps than increased their service life many times. Another invention of Lodigin, aimed at increasing the life of the lamps, was filling them with an inert gas.

20. Diving machine

In 1871, Lododagin created a project of an autonomous diving sensor using a gas mixture consisting of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen should have been produced from water by electrolysis.

21. Induction oven.

The first caterpillar propulsion (without a mechanical drive) was proposed in 1837 by headquarten D. Zagryazhsky. His tracked propulsion was built on two wheels circled with iron chain. And in 1879, the Russian inventor F. Blinov received a patent for the "Crawler" for the tractor created by him. He called him "locomotive for dirt roads"

23. Cable telegraph line

The line Petersburg-tsarist village was built in 40-Russia. XIX century and had a length of 25 km. (B. Skyca)

24. Synthetic oil rubber - B. Babyz

25. Optical sight

"Mathematical tool with a promising visual tube, with protected affiliates and waterpasses for emergency leaving from the battery or from the ground of the Earth along the place shown in the target horizontally and by deception." Andrei Konstantinovich Narzov (1693-1756).

In 1801, the Ural Master of Artamonov decided the task of facilitating the weight of the wagon by reducing the number of wheels from four to two. Thus, Artamonov created the first pedal scooter in the world a model of a future bike.

27. Electrosvarka

The method of electrical welding of metals came up with and for the first time in 1882, the Russian inventor Nikolai Nikolayevich Benardos (1842 - 1905). "Stitching" by electric seam, he called "Electrichefest".

The world's first personal computer It was invented not by the American firm "EPPL Computer" and not in 1975, but in the USSR in 1968
year by the Soviet designer from Omsk Arseny Anatolyevich Gorokhov (born 1935). In the author's certificate No. 383005 described in detail the "programming device", as the inventor called him then. The industrial sample did not give money. The inventor was asked to wait a bit. He waited, until once again abroad, the domestic "bike" did not invent.

29. Digital technology.

- Father of all digital technology in data transmission.

30. Electric motor- B.jakobi.

31. Electric car

Double Electric Mobile I.Romanova Sample 1899 Changed the speed of movement in nine gradations - from 1.6 km per hour to the maximum 37.4 km per hour

32. Bombarder

Four-rotor aircraft "Russian Vityaz" I.Sikorsky.

33. Kalashnikov automaton

Symbol of freedom and struggle with oppressors.