All words are sorted by parts of speech. For example, etc. It is quite easy to understand which word belongs to which group - you just need to ask the appropriate question, and everything immediately becomes clear. In addition, words also work in groups. They build sentences. Every word plays its part. It acts as a specific member of the proposal. In this case, the words perform their grammatical function and do it in accordance with certain rules and laws. The main information is about who performs the action, what, with whom, where and when it happens. For all this, the main and secondary members of the proposal are responsible. Let's consider them in more detail.

The main members of the proposal

These include the subject and the predicate. To understand what is what, it is enough to ask a question. The subject is "Who?", "What?". The predicate is "What is he doing?". To be subject, a word must be in its initial form, the infinitive. Otherwise, it becomes a secondary member of the sentence. This grammatical topic is first revealed to children in grade 3. The main members of the sentence are quite easy to understand and learn from numerous examples. It is good if they are supplemented with illustrations or tables.

Subject

The question "Who/What?" immediately shows which member of the sentence is the subject. The word that answers it is the main member of the sentence, and it is with it that everything happens in the narrative. Most often, the subject is a noun. can also be arranged in a different order. The subject usually comes first. It is underlined in the sentence with one straight line.

Anna is watering the flowers.

The book is on the shelf.

The phone rings loudly.

Sometimes the subject can also be an adjective. However, only if there is no suitable noun.

Green is lit.

Black slims.

Predicate

The question "What does it do?" immediately allows you to determine the predicate in the sentence. It always goes together with the subject and describes what is happening to him. It is difficult to confuse the main and secondary members of the sentence with each other if you immediately highlight the main pair. The predicate in the sentence is expressed by the verb. It can also characterize the state of the subject. In the sentence, the predicate is underlined by two straight parallel lines.

The house seemed huge against the backdrop of small garages and buildings.

Lena watches TV series every day.

Mom sat down at the house, waiting for the children from school.

Features of minor members of the proposal

They make the meaning of the main part of the sentence more accurate, detailed, complemented with details. From them we can learn about the place, time, mode of action of what is happening to someone or something. They can be identified by characteristic questions. The secondary members of the sentence (Grade 3, Russian language textbook by O. D. Ushakova) are circumstance (place, time, mode of action), definition (whose / what?) And addition (whom / what? Etc.). They are not included in the grammatical basis of sentences.

Definition

It can be expressed in several parts of speech. Nouns, adjectives, and even pronouns that take the place of nouns serve this purpose. The definition gives a description of the subject. Typical questions for isolating: “Which?”, “Whose?”. Used for underlining

The full moon came out from behind the clouds.

A large box blocked the way.

Addition

If the noun does not answer the question "Who/What?", we can definitely say that this is an addition. It is expressed not only by nouns, but also by pronouns. In sentences for underlining, cases are used very accurately to help isolate the main and secondary members of the sentence.

Neighbors bought a new car.

Grandmother took her granddaughter from kindergarten immediately after dinner.

The flowers were cut with a sharp knife.

Circumstance

It indicates the place, time, reason, purpose, mode of action, clarifying, explaining and adding details to the description of what is happening. In each case, the circumstance answers the corresponding questions. For instance:

Place: Where does it occur/Where does it go/Where does it come from?

Mode of action: How did it happen / How did it happen?

Reason: Why did this happen / Why is this happening?

Time: When did it start/When did it start/How long will it last/How long will it take?

Purpose: Why is it / Why?

The role of circumstance in a sentence can be played by a noun, adverb and pronoun. For underlining, a dash-dotted line consisting of dots and dashes is used.

A bunch of bananas lay on the table in the kitchen.

Friends canceled a trip to the beach due to bad weather.

He constantly reads a lot of books to appear smart.

Table "Main and secondary members of the proposal"

To remember the rules and learn to distinguish between the main and secondary members of the sentence, it is recommended to perform a number of special exercises in practice. They will give the necessary result in consolidating the skill.

The members of the sentence are those parts of the sentence that carry a certain semantic load. The members of the sentence perform different functions. One member of the sentence is expressed by one word or phrase.

Why you need to know about the members of the proposal

In the school curriculum in the Russian language, the analysis of a sentence by its members is studied. But, without having studied all the members of the sentence, without learning to determine the type of sentence, its prevalence and all its members, it is impossible to parse.

Learning begins with the essentials

As in any business, there is always the main and the secondary, so in the proposal there is its basis and members of the proposal that explain it. Here they are:

1. subject,
2. predicate,
3. addition,
4. definition
5. circumstance.

The main function in the proposal is performed subject and predicate everything else is secondary information. Thus, the proposal has major and minor members.

Subject denotes an object, person or phenomenon that or which performs the main actions.

Predicate contains information about who or what the subject is and what action it performs.

The presence of both members in the sentence indicates a complete grammatical basis. If there is only one such predicative unit in a sentence, the sentence will be called "simple". If there are two or more such bases, then the sentence becomes complex.

Additional information - minor members of the sentence

Three minor members carry by no means an important informational essence in the proposal. They complement the content of the sentence, which carries the grammatical basis of the sentence. They play an important role in understanding the meaning of the entire text. The first one is an addition. It indicates those objects with which various manipulations are performed. The definition names the features of the objects referred to in the sentence. It can refer to subject and object. In addition, it is necessary to know who is performing the actions, what kind of person he is. I would like to know where, when and why everything happens. The circumstance answers these questions in the sentence.

How a proposal is parsed

To parse a sentence into members, you need to follow a simple algorithm. It consists in the following: first they find the grammatical basis of the sentence. Ask nominative questions "who?" and what?". This will be the subject. Most often it is expressed by a noun, a pronoun, or the initial form of a verb.

You can find the predicate by asking the age-old question that Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky thought about: “What to do?”. It is very suitable for that member of the sentence, which is expressed by such an interesting morphological unit as the verb. By emphasizing the subject with one line, and the predicate with two, you can analyze further. You should be careful when parsing, as there are sentences with one main member, subject or predicate.

Now you need to clarify the main

Finding all the minor members of a sentence will become easier if you know what part of speech they are usually expressed in. An object is a noun or its substitute pronoun in five cases (excluding the nominative). Such cases are called indirect. Definitions are expressed by adjectives, participles, pronouns and answer the questions: “what?” and "whose?". An adverb, a gerund, a noun and an indefinite form of a verb in a sentence perform the function of a circumstance if they answer the questions: how, where, where, where, for what reason. We emphasize the additions with a dotted line, the definition with a wavy line, the circumstance with a dotted line with a dot.

Special cases

Sentences with homogeneous members of the sentences are original. Homogeneous therefore have such a name because they mean the same thing, which means that it should be noted that homogeneous members answer the same question.

Any sentence of the Russian language can be divided into components, which in science are called "sentence members". Among them are the main and secondary. Most of the sentences cannot exist without the main ones, they form its basis, and the secondary ones make the text more informative and rich. What are the main and secondary members. suggestions?

Main

The subject and predicate in a sentence are its main members.

• The subject means the thing that does the action. Questions that will help to find it when parsing are "who?" (if the action is performed by an animate object) or "what?" (if the sentence refers to a phenomenon or an inanimate object).
• The predicate is most often expressed by the verb and means the action that the subject performs. Questions to determine - "what does it do, what will it do?"

Here's an example: Good mood helped the boys overcome difficulties. In our example, the word “mood” answers the question “what”, it is the subject that is underlined by one line during analysis. To find the predicate, we ask the question: "What did the mood do?" It helped. This word is the predicate, expressed by the verb, underlined by two lines. As a result, the sentence with the main members found looks like this: Good (what?) mood (underlined with a solid line) (what did you do?) helped (underlined with two solid horizontal stripes) the boys overcome difficulties.

How to recognize the subject and predicate when parsing

In order not to make a mistake, figuring out where the subject is, but you should use the hint table.

First of all, you should find the character by asking the question: “Who? What? ”, This will be the subject. Next, look for the predicate.

Minor

In order to parse the proposal by members, one should be able to find circumstances, definitions and additions. It is they who are the secondary members, the purpose of which is to concretize and clarify the main (or other secondary). How to find them?

• Definition. Questions that will help to detect it in the sentence - "what", "whose".
• Addition. Most often, cases are given to him: "to whom (what)", "with whom (with what)", "about whom (about what)" and others. That is, questions of all cases, in addition to the nominative.
• Circumstance. It can be found by asking questions of adverbs or participles: "from where", "where", "why", "how", "where" and the like.

Let's take an example. Let's find the main and secondary terms. suggestions:

The little boy hurried along the path.

There is to parse the sentence by members, it will turn out like this:

(what, definition) A small (who, subject) boy (as, circumstance) hurriedly (what he did, predicate) walked (along what, addition) along the path.

Each major and minor member sentence answers its own question, carries a certain load and performs its own role in the sentence.

How to recognize

In order to avoid mistakes when identifying additions, definitions and circumstances, you can use such a summary table-hint.

To identify which member of the sentence is in front of us, we must first ask a question.

Additional hints

To find the main members of the proposal, you must follow the rules. The subject and the predicate are not a phrase, this is already a sentence, albeit a very short one. The main members are independent of each other.

Syntactic analysis should begin with the discovery of the subject, then it turns out what the predicate is, how it is expressed. Then the subject group should be identified with the help of questions, only after that - the predicate group. Each minor term is dependent:

• from one of the main ones;
• from one of the secondary

In one sentence there can be several main and secondary members. suggestions. If there are several bases, then the sentence is complex - compound or complex. If there are several definitions, additions, circumstances, but the basis is one, then the proposal is simple and widespread.

Often you can find appeals, for example: Katya, go do your homework. Despite the fact that the appeal "Katya" resembles the subject, it is not a member of the sentence and is designated as an appeal.

Difficult cases

Not all major and minor members of the sentence look obvious. Difficult but interesting cases are varied:

• A one-part sentence has only one main member. it was getting dark(this is a predicate, the sentence is impersonal). Today we were told(predicate, indefinitely personal sentence), that the exam has been cancelled.
• The predicate may include an adjective: The weather was rainy. In this example, the combination "was rainy" is a compound nominal predicate.
• The predicate may include several verbs: Today Vasya started to study.“Began to study” is a compound verb predicate.

Major and minor members sentences must be distinguished correctly when parsing a sentence.

Member of the proposal- the syntactic function of words and phrases in sentences.

The main members of the proposal:

Subject- this is the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting the carrier of the sign (action, state, property) called the predicate. The subject can be expressed in the nominative case of the name, pronoun, infinitive. Answers a question who? what?:

Factory working. I AM doing. Friend sings. Seven one is not expected. smoke harmful.

Predicate- this is the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting a sign (action, state, property) related to the carrier, which is expressed by the subject. The predicate is expressed by the conjugated form of the verb, infinitive, noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, adverb, phrase. Answers the questions what does (did, will do)? which?:

He is reading. Live - means to fight. Sister engineer. A son tall. Weather hot. She warmer, than yesterday. This book my. This lesson second. To study interesting. Studies plays a big role.

Secondary members of the sentence:

Definition- is a minor member of the sentence, answering questions which? whose? which the? Definitions are divided into:

agreed definitions. They agree with the defined member in the form (case, number and gender in the singular), are expressed by adjectives, participles, ordinal numbers, pronouns:

Large trees grow near paternal house. V our class no lagging behind students. He decides this task second hour.

inconsistent definitions. Does not match the member being defined in the form. Expressed by nouns in indirect cases, comparative degree of adjectives, adverbs, infinitive:

Noisy leaves birches. He liked evenings at grandma's house. Choose fabric more fun with a pattern. Eggs for breakfast soft-boiled. They were united by desire see you.

Appendix is a definition (usually agreed upon) expressed by a noun (single or with dependent words): town- hero, students- Uzbeks; We met Arkhip- blacksmith. The doctor came small man. Do not agree in form with the word being defined applications expressed by nicknames, conditional names, placed in quotation marks or attached using words by name, by last name:

in the newspaper "Arguments and Facts" interesting reportage. He reads about Richard Lion Heart. I went hunting with a husky nicknamed Bonya.

Addition- this is a minor member of the sentence, answering questions of indirect cases ( whom? what? to whom? what? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what?). It is expressed by nouns, pronouns in indirect cases or nominal phrases:

Father developed has an interest in sports. Mother sent brother and sister for milk.

Circumstance- this is a minor member of the sentence, expressing the characteristics of the action, state, property and answering questions as? how? where? where? where? why? why? etc. It is expressed by adverbs, nouns in indirect cases, gerunds, infinitives, phraseological units:

Far away loud woodpecker knocked. The song sounds quieter. She said smiling. He left from Moscow to Kiev.

Homogeneous members of a sentence- these are the main or secondary members of the sentence that perform the same syntactic function (i.e., they are the same members of the sentence: subjects, predicates, definitions, additions, circumstances), answering the same question and pronounced with enumeration intonation:

All the way neither he nor I didn't talk. We sang and danced. Cheerful, joyful, happy laughter filled the room. She long, confused, but joyfully shook his hand. Homogeneous definitions must be distinguished from heterogeneous ones that characterize the subject from different angles: in this case, there is no enumeration intonation and it is impossible to insert coordinating conjunctions: Buried in the ground round hewn oak pillar.

Introductory words and sentences- words and sentences equivalent to the word, which occupy an independent position in the sentence, express different aspects of the speaker's attitude to the subject of speech:

certainly, probably, apparently, of course, rather, more precisely, roughly speaking, in a word, for example, by the way, imagine, I think, as they say, it would seem, if I'm not mistaken, you can imagine etc.

Plug-in structures- words, phrases and sentences containing additional comments, clarifications, amendments and clarifications; unlike introductory words and sentences, they do not contain an indication of the source of the message and the attitude of the speaker towards it. In a sentence, they are usually distinguished by brackets or dashes:

On a hot summer morning (this was at the beginning of July) we went for berries. Soldiers - there were three of them ate without paying attention to me. I did not understand (now I understand) how cruel I was to her.

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what are the main members of the proposal are and got the best answer

Answer from Winter's Tale)))[guru]
The main members of the sentence 1) The subject is the main member of the sentence, denoting the subject of speech, what or whom the sentence is talking about. The subject answers the questions: who? what? A noun, a pronoun, a combination of words or any other part of speech in the meaning of a noun, as well as syntactically non-free phrases and proper names are used as the subject. And the subject can also be expressed by phraseological units and an indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) Example: The sun of its light spares no one (here the subject is expressed by the noun in the nominative case). A smart one speaks for himself with his deeds (here the subject is expressed by an adjective and so on) 2) The predicate is the main member of the sentence that characterizes the subject. The predicate denotes the action, sign or state of the object of speech and answers the questions what does the object do? what is the subject? what is an object? what is happening with the subject? Example: I go out (I go out-predicate, expressed by the verb of the 1st person) alone I am on the road Our people are very talented (predicate-talented-expressed by the adjective) The predicate is divided into: 1) A simple verbal predicate-which expresses both grammatical and lexical meaning, and is expressed by the conjugated form of the verb 2) A compound verbal predicate, which consists of an auxiliary verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb expressing its lexical meaning. Example: We started shaking a birch (we started shaking-compound verbal predicate, consisting of an auxiliary verb-beginning and an indefinite form of the verb-to shake) 3) And from a compound nominal predicate, which consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (noun, adjective and others) expressing its lexical meaning Example: The water near the coast was clean (there was a pure-compound nominal predicate, consisting of a linking verb and a nominal part-pure) The most common in a compound nominal predicate is a linking verb to be, expressing only the grammatical meaning of time and mood: Always was, is and will be a human worshiper

Answer from Igor[newbie]
Each word in a sentence has its own role. Words in sentences are called members of the sentence. The grammatical basis of a sentence is the main members of the sentence, the subject and the predicate. The subject names who or what the sentence is talking about, and answers the questions who? or what? The predicate says what is said about the subject, and usually answers the questions what does it do? what will he do? (Well, what can be said about him)

Answer from wanderer[newbie]
I believe that the subject and the predicate. The subject is what does the action, and the predicate is the action itself (usually a verb).

Answer from One such[active]
The subject is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case who? or what? The predicate is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers the questions what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? And expressed by the verb

Answer from Elena Nesterenko[active]
Subject and predicate

Answer from on Lazutkina[newbie]
The main members of the sentence The main members of the sentence are the subject and the predicate. or what? Ways of Expressing the Subject Ways of Expressing Examples1. A noun in the nominative case (or another part of speech used in the meaning of a noun) The blizzard moved in immediately. (N. Ostrovsky) The participants discussed the agenda.2. Pronoun in the nominative case Everyone went to the room assigned to him. (A. Pushkin) 3. The indefinite form of the verb To protect nature means to protect the Motherland. (K. Paustovsky) 4. Phraseologisms In the field went from small to large.5. Proper name A wide strip, from edge to edge, stretched the Milky Way. (V. Arseniev)6. A syntactically integral phrase My grandmother and I went quietly to our attic. (M. Gorky) Predicate The predicate is the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers the questions what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? etc. The predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of one of the moods. The predicate can be simple and compound. The predicate expressed by one verb in the form of any mood is called a simple verbal predicate. In a simple verbal predicate, lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word. The predicate expresses the nature of the movement; at the same time, verbs indicate a real action. A compound is a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words. A compound predicate can be verbal and nominal. It consists of two parts: one part (copy) expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, the other (verbal and nominal) - the main lexical meaning of the predicate. There are a verb to be and auxiliary verbs as connectives. A compound verb is a predicate, which consists of an auxiliary verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb expressing its main lexical meaning. Auxiliary verbs express the meanings of the beginning, end, duration of the action, its desirability or opportunities. Combinations of some short adjectives (should, glad, ready, obliged, able, intends, etc.) and the service verb-bundle can be in the form of one of the moods. A compound nominal is called a predicate that consists from a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (adjective, noun, etc.) ), expressing its main lexical meaning. The most commonly used is the linking verb to be, expressing only grammatical meanings. sit, stand, etc. The nominal part of the compound predicate is expressed by an adjective, a noun, a short passive participle, etc.