All mothers are really looking forward to when their baby says the first words. And let it not be "mom", but "give" or "dad", no less joy from this. But sitting on the playground, willy-nilly, you compare the children: who has the kid "silent", and who already chirps with might and main.

In order not to feel a sense of inferiority, I was puzzled by the question of at what age the child begins to speak. Our pediatrician gave us a task: by the year the baby should speak 10-12 words. Uncomplicated, such as "mama", "baba", "BBC", "woof", "tick-tock". As a boy, the bar was slightly lowered to 9-10 words. But for this, you need to talk a lot with the baby, read books, play role-playing games.

There are no exact dates for when the baby will speak, everything is individual. But parents need to know at what age the child begins to speak in order to notice in time if something goes wrong.

Norms

Let's make a reservation right away that not all of the following norms should be taken literally. After all, children are different. Doctors undertake to fully assess the baby's speech only after 5 years. Therefore, parents are often worried at what age the child begins to speak, fearing a delay in speech development, but the alarm should be beaten only after consulting a pediatrician and speech therapist.

1. The very first conscious sounds that a baby makes are called humming. The first "agu" can be heard in the period of 1-2 months. The rest of the time, dissatisfaction is still expressed by shouting.

3. From 5-6 months, the speech of babies is called babbling. They create their own childish language, try to imitate adult speech by changing intonation. Having pronounced a new sound, the child tastes it and remembers it, repeating it many times.

4. The first conscious words appear in the period from 8 to 14 months. Usually, this is how children call loved ones or the objects they like.

5. At 2 years old, children are already able to speak simple sentences and have a large passive vocabulary (they understand, but do not name).

6. Up to 3.5 years, an understanding of the laws of the native language is formed. Nouns are declined by gender, number and case, and complex and complex sentences are heard in speech. The child actively uses speech in the game, talks with dolls.

What else should you pay attention to?

1. All mothers who are interested in the age at which the child begins to speak should make a discount on the gender. Boys are more reserved by nature, so they observe and remember for a long time, and only then begin to speak. At the same time, their interests are based on words related to action (fell, went), they use invented words for a long time. Girls, on the other hand, are quite capable of speech. They like to name the objects around them, people, new words are easy to remember.

2. More temperamental children start talking earlier. They are very curious, so they are ready to interact with others in their language.

3. The youngest children in the family are surrounded by everyone's attention, moreover, they have an example of an older child before their eyes, they also begin to speak early. However, the opposite also happens, very talkative parents or older children may "do not allow a word to be inserted." Therefore, you need to listen to all family members.

4. Nowadays, life is impossible without gadgets. But scientists have noticed that immersion in the virtual world delays the development of speech, and also interferes with the socialization of the baby.

When do you need to be on your guard?

1. If at 3 months the child does not respond to his name by turning his head towards the one calling.

2. At six months, does not respond to the "kind" and "angry" intonation of adults, does not look for the source of sounds.

3. After a year does not understand the request to show the items in the book.

4. From 2 to 3 years old does not make simple sentences, confuses "top" and "bottom".

5. From 3 to 4 years old, uses simple sentences in speech, pronounces sounds incorrectly.

If the baby is 2 years old, and he is still silent, then it is necessary to show him to a speech therapist, child psychologist or psychiatrist.

How to develop speech?

If a mother is worried at what age the child begins to speak and how it happens, then she will certainly be interested in ways of developing speech. Passive vocabulary is best formed when reading and speaking with a baby. Even if he is only a month old, he will already react to the intonation of his parents. The easiest way to develop speech is to articulate all the actions that the mother performs with the baby: bathes, feeds, does massage, and changes diapers.

Fifty-odd years ago, there were only 16 speech therapists in Moscow. In 1951, the defectological faculty of the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute (now a university) graduated 30 specialists in correcting speech defects. Currently, thousands of speech therapists work in our country - graduates of Moscow pedagogical universities, as well as pedagogical institutes of regional and republican centers. And yet, the problem of speech disorders remains relevant to this day. In every preschool institution, in every school there are children with speech impairments. For children with complex speech disorders, special kindergartens and schools have been created. And there are many such schools. What's the matter? How to prevent speech disorders in a child? After all, this drawback prevents him from studying safely, being confident in his abilities, and complicates the choice of a profession.

Speech is a function of the brain

A person has no special organs of speech. Speech is realized with the help of articulation and apparatus for breathing, chewing, swallowing, which ensure the processes of voice formation. The central link of the entire speech apparatus is the cerebral cortex (in right-handers, predominantly of the left hemisphere, in y - vice versa), where the representations of the dominant hand, speech-auditory and kinesthetic (muscle) analyzers are concentrated.

The child's speech development process is divided into three periods. The first - preparatory - includes shouting, humming and babbling. By screaming, the baby signals to the parents, for example, that he is hungry. And thanks to the vocal reactions of humming (sounds like "ay", "eu"), gradually acquiring different intonation colors, he assimilates the intonation system of the language, copies the intonations of the people around him. Humming is a consequence of randomly arising positions of the future articulatory apparatus - lips, tongue, soft palate, pharynx and larynx. It is the same for children all over the world. It is also observed in deaf babies who did not have sound contact with their mother.

By the age of six or eight months, the baby begins to babble, pronounce sounds like "ma", "pa", "ba", "na", "di" ("go)," yes "(" give "), etc. The sound composition of babbling is the result of the kinesthetic "tuning" of the articulatory apparatus according to the auditory, acoustic imitation of the speech of others. a baby with hearing is okay.

A child who was born deaf or who has lost his hearing as a result of an illness in the first weeks and months of life will not learn to speak until a deaf teacher (a specialist who teaches deaf children to speak) teaches him to "read from the lips", does not teach him to pronounce individual sounds, and then words from reliance on tactile, kinesthetic, and visual perception. Such classes should be started from the age of three to four.

The development of speech and thinking is closely related to the development of fine motor skills and coordination of finger movements. Children who work with a designer, who are engaged in origami, embroidery and other types of needlework, are able, as a rule, to reason logically. They have sufficiently developed memory and attention.

When should the child start talking?

At 1 year old, a child should pronounce about 10 lightweight words and know the names of 200 objects (cup, bed, bear, mother, walk, swim, etc. everyday objects and actions). The child must understand the speech addressed to him and respond to it. The words "where is the bear?" - turn your head to the bear, and at the request “give me your hand” - extend your hand.

At 2 years old, the child must build phrases and short sentences, use adjectives and pronouns, vocabulary at this age increases to 50 words (this is at the bottom of the norm), as a rule, specialists want to hear at least 100 words from the child.

At 2 and a half years old, a child should build complex sentences, using about 200-300 words, correctly pronounce almost all letters, except for "l", "r" and hissing, ask questions "where?", "Where?" The child should know his name, distinguish between relatives, imitatively depict the voices of the main animals and birds. Adjectives appear in speech - big, tall, beautiful, hot, etc.

At 3 years old, the child should speak in sentences combined in meaning, use all pronouns correctly, actively use adjectives and adverbs in speech (far, early, hot, etc.). From the point of view of a layman, it is easy to identify that a three-year-old has speech problems as follows - have a stranger listen to your baby. If he understands 75% of what your crumbs say, and a simple conversational speech develops between an adult and a child, then everything is in order. The speech of a child at 3 years old should change by gender, number. That is, if the question "do you want candy?" the child answers “want” instead of “want” - this is already a developmental deviation.

Where is the border between individual developmental characteristics and lag?

Let's calm down the super-shy parents and grandmothers first. The framework that is taken into account by the development norms is flexible enough. If your baby speaks not 10 words a year, but 7, then you should not sound the alarm. Sideways fluctuations a little earlier or a little later are permissible within 2-3 months. Moreover, for boys, it is possible to lag behind girls by 4-5 months.

Commoners believe that there is a certain area, an area of ​​the brain, which is responsible for the development of speech. In reality, speech is formed only with the coordinated work of both hemispheres of the brain. For a full and timely speech development, it is necessary that both the right hemisphere, which is responsible for the emotional-figurative sphere, spatial thinking and intuition, and the left hemisphere, which is responsible for rational-logical thinking, develop harmoniously. In boys, the bundle of nerve fibers connecting both hemispheres is thinner than in girls and develops more slowly. Therefore, it happens that the exchange of information between the hemispheres is difficult, which makes it more difficult for boys to clothe their thoughts in the form of a grammatically correct statement. If there are no cerebral and mental deviations in development, with an early slight lag in speech development, the boy, with the help of specialists, will overcome it. Moreover, it is men who have a more developed figurative speech, which is why there are an order of magnitude more male writers and poets than women.

At the same time, it is worth warning the parents of the boys that it is impossible to start the situation, and if the deviation from the norm is significant, be sure to sound the alarm. Due to the gender characteristics of development, it is among boys that the percentage of deviations in speech and psycho-speech development is high. Here are some examples. Among children who stutter, there are twice as many boys as girls. Among those suffering from alalia (almost complete absence of speech with preserved hearing), there are three times more boys, and the same number of children with dysarthria (when a child experiences difficulties in pronouncing many sounds and his speech is almost incomprehensible to others).

What is considered speech? Until the age of 2, 5 years, it is permissible if the child speaks "baby tongue". Words are considered not only full-fledged "mom" and "dad", but also "bb" instead of "car", "car-car" instead of "crow", and "kup-kup" instead of "go swimming". The child can come up with their own designations for objects. If a child persistently calls pasta "Kamani" - this is also a word. It is permissible that the same combination of sounds be used to designate different objects ("ki" - pussy, socks, toss).

But if a child at 2, 5 years old does not try to speak with phrases of 3-4 words like "mom do kup-kup" (mom goes to swim), then you must definitely sound the alarm. In principle, attentive specialists can note a delay in speech development at a fairly early period.

We list the signs of a significant delay in speech development:

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If a child at 4 months does not emotionally react to adult gestures and does not smile, he does not become animated when his mother addresses him.
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If the child is already 8-9 months old, and there is still no babbling (repeating ba-ba-ba, pa-pa-ta, etc. combinations), and in a year it is an extremely quiet child who makes little sounds.
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If the child is already one and a half, but he does not speak simple words, for example "mom" or "give" and does not understand simple words - his name or the names of surrounding objects: he is not able to fulfill the simplest requests like "come here", "sit down."
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If your baby has difficulty sucking or chewing. For example, if a one and a half year old child does not know how to chew and chokes even on a piece of apple.
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If at two years old the child uses only a few separate words and does not try to repeat new words.
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If in 2, 5 years the active vocabulary is less than 20 words and word imitations. Does not know the names of the surrounding objects and body parts: he cannot point at a familiar object or bring anything that is out of sight at the request. If at this age does not know how to make two-word phrases (for example, "give me water")
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If a three-year-old baby speaks so incomprehensibly that even relatives hardly understand him. He does not speak simple sentences (subject, predicate, object), does not understand simple explanations or stories about events in the past or future.
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If a three-year-old child "rumbles", that is, he speaks too quickly, swallowing the endings of words or, conversely, extremely slowly, stretching them, although there is no example of such speech at home.
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If at three years old a child speaks mainly with phrases from cartoons and books, but does not build his own sentences, this is a sign of a serious developmental deviation ... urgent appeal to a specialist, and a psychiatrist!
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If a baby of any age has a constantly open mouth or there is increased salivation for no apparent reason (not related to the growth of teeth)

What is the difference between Speech Delay (SPD) and Psycho-Speech Development Delay (SPD)?

Delayed speech development is when only speech suffers, and the child's mental and emotional development is normal. This is the case when the child understands everything and fulfills the requests, but speaks little or very poorly.

Delayed psycho-speech development implies that the child has a developmental delay and a general intellectual character.

If before the age of 4 years, the diagnosis of RRP is quite rare and occurs only in the presence of serious diseases, then over 5 years, only 20% of children with speech problems remain diagnosed with RRD. If up to 4 years old a child mastered the world, little entering into communicative connections, then from this age he receives the bulk of information in communication with adults and peers. If speech is inaccessible to the child, inhibition of mental development begins, and by the age of 5 years from the delay in speech development (ZRD), unfortunately, a delay in PSYCHO speech development (ZPRR) is formed. Therefore, if the doctors have given your baby a ZRR, you should not, like an ostrich, hide your head in the sand and wait that "everything will go away by itself." ZRR is reflected in the formation of the entire psyche of the child. If communication with others is difficult, this interferes with the correct formation of cognitive processes and affects the emotional-volitional sphere. Waiting without treatment and classes with a defectologist at the age of 5 often leads to a marked lag behind peers, in which case education will be possible only in a specialized school.

Sometimes delayed speech development is associated with delayed psychomotor development. The baby begins later than other children to hold his head, sit, walk. They are awkward, often fall, get injured, and bump into objects. A characteristic sign is long-term potty training, when at the age of 4, 5-5 years, the child continues to have "opportunities".

What is the reason for the occurrence of ZRR and ZPRR in a child?

It should be understood that ZRR and ZPRR are not independent diseases, but the consequences of certain deviations in the child's health, namely, disorders of the brain, central nervous system, genetic or mental disorders. Studying the anamnesis of children with delayed speech development, experts have established that various adverse effects during intrauterine development, premature, prolonged or rapid labor, a long waterless period, birth trauma, fetal asphyxia during childbirth, hydrocephalus can lead to disruption of the normal formation of speech in children. increased intracranial pressure, genetic predisposition, mental illness and even early transfer of the child to artificial feeding.
Severe childhood illnesses, especially in the first three years of life, craniocerebral trauma or simply neglected frequent falls, hearing impairment of varying degrees - all this can cause a lag in speech development. When exposed to unfavorable biological (or social) factors, it is precisely those areas of the brain that are most intensively developing at the moment that are most significantly damaged. Studies have shown that speech retardation often affects children whose mother or father has any mental disorder, often quarrels or abuse alcohol.

Delayed speech development is characteristic of children with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, children with early childhood autism, hyperactivity syndrome.

Regardless of the cause that led to the damage to the brain, the outcome is the same - different areas of the brain begin to work incorrectly or not actively enough. In children with delays in psycho-speech development, the zones that are responsible for speech and intellectual abilities "suffered" to a greater extent, and as a result, speech and mental development is delayed.

Negative social factors do not directly affect the child, but they do affect mental development. Therefore, RRP and RRR are often diagnosed in twins and twins, in children growing up in bilingual families or in a poor linguistic environment.
Of course, the hereditary factor plays a significant role. I would like to dwell on this point separately. Often mothers come with a five-year-old child who practically does not speak. I ask, what were you waiting for a year ago, a year and a half ago? After all, the earlier you start correction and treatment, the higher the result! Mothers shrug their shoulders and say that, they say, the mother-in-law says that the child's father spoke only at 4 years old and immediately in phrases, and the uncle spoke late. And nothing, both of the people got out.

Dear mothers! If, according to the stories of relatives, you, your husband or uncle-aunt and other close relative spoke late, then this signals that your child already has a genetic predisposition to RRP. From generation to generation, the ZRR takes on more and more severe forms. It is necessary to understand that active mastery of lexical and grammatical patterns begins in a child at 2-3 years old and ends by 7 years. If a child has no speech at all, not even word imitation at the age of 6, the probability that he will speak is 0.2%. If the child is 8 years old, then he will have to master alternative methods of communication - gesture, card, written, but he will no longer have active speech in general understanding.
Therefore, waiting for everything to resolve itself is an extremely irresponsible position!

The help of which specialists and when may a child with speech delay need help?

Unfortunately, many parents believe that speech therapists "treat" developmental delays, but speech therapists are teachers, not doctors. They only teach the child to correctly speak various sounds, and this can be effectively done only from 4-5 years old. But we already know that waiting up to 5 years in the case of a child with RRD is extremely dangerous.

So, first you need a fairly detailed diagnosis to identify the causes of the pathology of speech development.

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Children with delayed speech development are shown hearing assessment (examination by an audiologist)
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To assess development, age-appropriate tests are used: the Denver test of psychomotor development, the Early Language Milestone Scale, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.
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From conversations with parents and observations, they find out how the child communicates his needs. In contrast to general developmental delay and autism, children are able to express their needs with hearing loss, motor apraxia of the facial muscles and primary neurogenic speech disorders.
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It turns out if there is motor apraxia of the facial muscles, which is manifested in the form of difficulty in feeding and inability to repeat the movements of the tongue.
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Comparison of comprehension and speech reproduction.
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Information about the child's home environment and his communication helps to identify insufficient stimulation of speech development.

To find out the reasons for the delay in speech development, it is necessary to contact a neuropathologist, speech therapist, and in some cases to a psychiatrist and child psychologist. Specialized analyzes of brain function may be required - ECG, ECHO-EG, MRI and similar examinations.

Almost 100% of children with ZPRR and ZRR require drug treatment.

At what age does work on overcoming developmental delays begin?

The earlier the better.

Neuropathologists can prescribe treatment as early as 1 year if neurological pathology is established early, which leads or may lead to a delay in speech development.

Defectologists begin to work with children from the age of 2, they help develop the child's attention, memory, thinking, motor skills. Specialists in the development of speech, pedagogues-correctologists also start working with children from 2-2, 5 years old.

Speech therapists - help to "put" sounds, teach to build sentences correctly and make up a competent story. Most speech therapists work with children from 4-5 years old.

What are the treatments for RRD and RRR?

Drug therapy - among the drugs that are used to treat ZPRD there are those that are "active nutrition" and "building material" for the neurons of the brain (cortexin, actovegin, neuromultivitis, lecithin, etc.), and drugs that "whip up" activity speech zones (cogitum). All appointments are made ONLY by a neurologist or psychiatrist. Self-medication is dangerous, because the drug that helped your friend's child may be contraindicated for your child.

Electroreflexotherapy and magnetotherapy allow you to selectively restore the work of various centers of the brain responsible for diction, vocabulary, speech activity and intellectual abilities. The high efficiency of electroreflexotherapy is associated with an additional therapeutic effect on hydrocephalus. However, this effective method is prohibited for use in children with convulsive syndrome, epilepsy and mental disorders. There are no contraindications for magnetotherapy.

Alternative methods of treatment - hippotherapy (treatment with horses), dolphin therapy, etc. methods should also be selected individually.

However, only medicinal assistance to such children brings little result, if not supported by pedagogical influence. The main task of the teacher - defectologist is to increase the level of mental development of children: intellectual, emotional and social.

The teacher provides correction (correction and weakening) of negative development trends; prevents the appearance of secondary developmental disabilities and learning difficulties at the initial stage. In his work, a teacher-defectologist uses visual, practical, technical means of rehabilitation and conducts correctional lessons in a playful form according to an individual plan. There is no general methodology that helps absolutely everyone, an individual approach is needed.

It is very important that parents, having noticed signs of delayed speech development in the baby, not only rely on the help of specialists, but also actively work with the child themselves. The defectologist helps to choose the direction of the work that the child's family will have to carry out daily and hourly.

A little about the methods of correctional work.

In working with such children, they use art therapy, music therapy, methods of object-sensory therapy, special methods of developing large and fine (fine) motor skills, methods of expanding the child's conceptual apparatus.

For example, finger games are actively used.
In the cerebral cortex, the departments responsible for the development of articulatory and fine manual motor skills are located close to each other and are closely interconnected. However, in the process of ontogenesis, the hand develops earlier, and its development, as it were, "pulls" the development of speech. Therefore, by developing fine manual motor skills in a child, we stimulate the development of his speech. Therefore, if a child has a right hand as his dominant hand, he has a more developed left hemisphere; they have the most developed right, and not the left hemisphere, in which the speech and motor centers are located.

It is necessary that at home the parents provide the child with the opportunity to develop fine motor skills - constructor, puzzles, in-ear games, mosaics, lacing toys, cubes and balls of different sizes, pyramids and ring toss, simulators for fastening buttons and tying laces. It is necessary with the child to sculpt a lot from plasticine, draw with finger paints, string beads on a string, perform engravings and primitive embroidery.

The use of various massage and motor stimulation techniques is essential to develop perception and sensation from an early age.
In cases where the child has deviations in psychophysical development, the use of massage (in the system of correctional and developmental education) should be continued in preschool and primary school age.

It is recommended to use outdoor games (logo rhythm technique) that develop the ability to navigate in space, move rhythmically and dexterously, change the pace of movements, as well as games in which movements are accompanied by speech.
The musical development of the child is also important. Such games as “Guess what sounded?”, “Recognize by voice”, “Which instrument is playing?” ), they do not know how to concentrate, are often distracted, do not hear the rhythm and poorly pick up the intonation coloration of the voices of others.
It is also necessary to develop visual attention by working with multi-colored stripes, sticks, cubes, geometric planar and volumetric figures and special cards.

Any classes should be conducted according to the system, therefore it is necessary to practice daily and under the supervision of a specialist. As a rule, it is enough for a 3-year-old child to visit a defectologist once a week, if the parents are ready to do what the specialist has set at home in full. A child 4, 5-5 years old and older needs to meet with a specialist at least 2 times a day, and in the case of a CPRD, a combination of several specialists is better. For example, 2 times a week, a child works with a defectologist for general development, and 2 times a week - with a music therapist or art therapist.
from the age of 5, if the development of passive speech is sufficient and there is no delay in mental development, it is necessary to start classes with a speech therapist.
Children with a significant delay in speech development should not attend a general preschool institution, but a specialized neuropsychiatric or neurological nursery, then a speech therapy kindergarten. If the ZRR or ZPRR is not overcome by the age of 7, you should not insist that the child attend a regular school. Agree to a special correctional institution, where the child will be provided with enhanced attention of specialists and an adapted school curriculum.
In conclusion, I will emphasize once again that if you notice that the speech development of your baby does not correspond to the age norm, do not hesitate - urgently contact the specialists! If you start correcting speech disorders at an early age, then there is a high probability that already at the age of 6 your child will not be any different from his peers.

Rudova AS, teacher-defectologist, psychologist, director of the Center for Developing Innovative Methods in the Field of Education and Culture and the Children's Studio of Innovative Development "Harlequin".

Many mothers, having a small child, are looking forward to the moment when their baby starts talking. They read many books and articles about what interests them so much, looking for an answer to such a difficult question: "At what age do children begin to speak?"

A large number of children make sounds that are like words and have meaning, somewhere around the age of a year. But there are kids who are in no hurry to speak. However, this does not indicate that the child suffers from dementia or other abnormalities. It just speaks about the temperament and personality of the child.

Different kids

A child who is cheerful and friendly by nature strives to start talking as early as possible. Calm babies tend to watch what is happening around them. This is how they learn about the world. It will take a long time before such a child wants to speak out about something.

The atmosphere in which the child is

At what age do children begin to speak their first words? An important role in this issue is played by the atmosphere in the house, and the attitude of the parents towards the child himself. When the mother is silent all the time and does not communicate with her child, the baby, not feeling the desire of an adult to speak, begins to withdraw into himself.

If the parents are constantly "chatting", it will not bring a positive result either. Adults lead the child and take the initiative away from the child. Such children feel "out of place" with people and again withdraw into themselves. The child needs to be given the opportunity to want to learn to speak.

Why do kids start talking late? If the child is served by all family members, preventing the child from showing independence and doing something for himself, and all his desires are fulfilled with lightning speed, then such children will start talking very late. Rarely, but still it happens, when parents with their offspring express themselves in long phrases. In this case, the child does not have the ability to memorize words.

Parents' excitement

When a child is silent for a long time and does not want to start talking, the mother is already thinking that their baby is lagging behind in development. Yes, this can also be, but very rarely. A large number of children who spoke little before the age of three turn out to be completely normal and even very intelligent children.

So, when asking yourself the question of at what age children begin to speak the first words, remember that all children are individual creatures. They will begin to express themselves when they themselves want it. But, as mentioned earlier, a lot also depends on the atmosphere in which the baby develops.

Steps for parents to take

Moms and dads should not be angry with children for not wanting to talk. It is necessary to show tenderness towards the child. And in no case should you interfere with the baby in taking the initiative. They recommend walking with other kids more often. It is necessary to speak with the child in simple words, those that he is able to understand.

Parents often ask friends whose little ones are quite clear: "When do children start to speak normally?" But acquaintances will not be able to answer this question. Most children, who are poor at first, gradually begin to pronounce the words correctly. You just need to give the baby time. If parents notice that some words are pronounced incorrectly by the child, then they need to correct him. The tone that needs to do this should be friendly.

Small children, before starting to speak, must understand the language in which they communicate. When the child begins to understand him, he will gradually begin to memorize the words. Thus, the little man's dictionary will be replenished.

At what age do children start to say "mom"? This is very individual. But mostly babies pronounce this word meaningfully at about 11 months. Then they already understand what it means. If babies pronounce this word at six or seven months, they simply imitate sounds without understanding their meaning. Now parents have a good idea of ​​the age at which children begin to say "mother" and when this word becomes clear to them.

Productive age

What it is? Before a child begins to speak, he needs to go through several stages of mastering speech. The most productive age is considered to be from six months to a year. During this period, the baby remembers the words that are spoken to him. And in the period from three to four years, the child begins to try to reproduce everything he knows.

By this time, he already knows about 950 words. And therefore, answering the question of at what age children begin to speak in sentences, we can say with confidence that this happens by the age of four. Yes, kids speak well at the age of two. But here it is meant that the child will learn how to correctly build sentences by the age of 4 on average.

Exploring this issue in more detail

Studying such a question (at what age do children begin to speak), it is necessary to take into account many points. For example, the gender of the child, the characteristics of the baby, and so on. But there are times when parents are advised to be wary. This is when the specified forms of speech do not appear in the child, which will now be given below.

1. When a child turns two months old, intonations should already be heard in his cry. Parents should already calmly discern what the baby wants to express with his cry: joy or some kind of dissatisfaction.

2. At three months, the child begins to "guguk". He tries to repeat the sounds after mom.

3. At five months, the baby begins to babble, repeat sounds that sound like words.

4. At the age of one, the child can already speak words with open syllables: "tata", "kaka" and so on.

5. At two years old, your child can connect two words. It's already easier to understand.

6. At two and a half years, the child begins to ask questions about what interests him.

7. At the age of three, the little man can already put words in the correct case.

8. At three and a half years, children, playing, are able to comment on their actions.

Fact important for parents to know

So, thinking about the question at what age children begin to speak words, parents should take into account the fact that boys sometimes start their communication later than girls. It just so happened. Girls strive to imitate adults in everything. So they try to start talking. Boys do not have such a desire.

At what age do children start talking?

All five points indicate that the child is developing well and will not have problems with speech. Such kids start talking early. As a rule, this comes to 1-3 years.

1. The child develops normally physically, he has no problems in neurology.

2. The kid communicates well with those he knows, but hesitates to talk to strangers.

3. If the parents ask the child to repeat something after them, he readily does it.

4. By talking, the baby is able to solve his problems.

5. The child corrects the mistakes made in speech on his own.

When does it make sense for parents to start sounding the alarm?

1. The child has serious illnesses, especially neurological ones, and his development is inhibited.

2. The child does not want to repeat the words and phrases after the parents. Or he does it sluggishly.

3. The mother asks the child to repeat a word after her, and the child pretends not to hear her or runs away altogether.

4. With a problem that a baby has, he does not go to his parents, but tries to solve it on his own.

5. The child speaks his own language, and he does not care whether his parents understand or not.

6. His peers speak much better than a toddler.

All of these six positions indicate that the child needs to be shown to the doctor. Such children will speak late. Therefore, they need constant training with specialists.

The kid cannot pronounce the letter "r"

Many parents begin to worry if their child begins to speak, and he cannot pronounce some letters. Should I sound the alarm? At what age do children start to say the letter "r"?

Parents are encouraged to worry if their child does not pronounce the letter "r" at the age of five. Then it's time to seek help from a speech therapist. But there are children who can calmly pronounce this letter even at 3 years old. While playing, the kid imitates how, for example, the engine of an airplane growls or a car drives. Thus, the baby is engaged with himself and trains, without knowing about it, his pronunciation.

There are special activities that will help your child pronounce the letters correctly. These exercises can be performed by yourself at home or in the office of a speech therapist.

Conclusion

After reading this article, parents will receive an answer to the question that worries them so much: "At what age do children begin to speak?" The main thing is that adults understand that their child is special and should be treated with love and understanding. There is no need to demand from the little man what at this moment he cannot fulfill. Everything has its time.

The child will definitely start talking. But much depends on the parents themselves. It is necessary to give the child more freedom. Let him learn to be independent, and then the baby will speak. And the parents will get what they have dreamed of for so long.

When does the child start to speak? Children differ so much among themselves that the average data does not reflect the real picture in any way. There are babies who speak up to 15 words at the age of 10-11 months, and there are cases when even at 2.5 years old they are stubbornly silent, despite normal mental development.

More than once, psychologists have tried to establish exactly how many words children of a certain age should know. However, all these attempts have so far failed, because babies from one to two years old are too different from each other. Charlotte Bueller, child psychologist, Ph.D., calculated the minimum and maximum vocabulary for each age. It turned out that there are huge differences between these values. According to her calculations, a child's vocabulary ranges from 0 to 232 words per year and three months.

The development of speech has two main directions: passive command of the word (the child understands the meaning of words, but cannot reproduce them himself) and active. Passive speech is ahead of active speech in its development.

Approximate terms of speech formation:

1-2 months - humming appears. Gulenie is drawn-out, quiet melodious sounds or syllables: "ah-ah-ah", "ha-ah", "gu-uh-uh", "ah-gu".

Humming sample

2-3 months - the humming continues. The child pronounces different syllables: gu, shi, boo, zy and others.

4 months - there is laughter and screeching. The sounds are similar to: al-le-e-ly-agy.

5 months - the baby "sings", changing the intonation of his voice.

6 months - as a rule, the child begins to understand the speech of an adult, reacts to intonation, recognizes familiar voices. Babbling appears. Babbling is the chanting of syllables such as / ta-ta-ta /, / ba /, / ma /, etc. With the help of babbling, the child expresses his desires and demands, or simply “plays” with the sounds of his voice.

Babbling pattern

7-8 months the baby understands many words. He says syllables: ba-ba. yes-yes-yes and sounds are sounds: p, b, m, g, k, e, a. He recognizes the names of those objects that the adult pronounces. Looks for objects with the eyes.

From 8 months, children begin to associate words not only with objects, but also with their own movements.

They can pronounce words consisting of two or three open syllables (la-la, ta-ta, ku-ka, etc.), imitate sounds (bi-bi, woof-woof, pi-pi, etc.). Know the names of some items. They understand simple instructions: bring a toy, give me a pen. At this stage, their speech is rather "passive".

In some children, the period of development of passive speech is very prolonged. A child can, up to 2 years old, understanding everything that adults say to him and even following their simple instructions well (give, sit, take), not utter a single word - either he is silent at all, or explains with an adult using babbling.

It so happens that children who are stubbornly silent up to 2 years old already at 3 years old catch up and overtake in their development those who began to pronounce the first words as early as 9 months. Therefore, you should not worry if there are only two or three words in the child's active vocabulary before 2 years of age. If he understands the speech addressed to him, if he listens with interest to adults and learns the names of many things, then his speech development is proceeding normally and sooner or later he will speak.

A baby's first word doesn't have to look like a normal "adult" word. It is enough that this is a set of sounds that in a child's speech denotes a specific object, person or phenomenon (for example, "mo" instead of "milk", "yes" instead of "give", "quack" instead of "duck", "ko" instead of "cat", etc.). In speech therapy, such half-words are considered full-fledged words.

Natalia Pyatibratova, speech therapist-defectologist, Montessori-teacher

Man is not a computer. There are no strict norms for the number of words at a particular period of its development, just as one cannot expect with an accuracy of a week when a baby will start walking or collecting a pyramid. In speech therapy, there is only an approximate number of words - the minimum that a mother can be guided by. So, the first recognizable words may not appear until 1 year, and from a year to 1 year, 4 months is enough for the baby to use 3-4 words in speech. Many mothers, hearing about the inflated standard for the number of words (10-20 per 1 year old), are frightened, not considering that babbling related to an object or phenomenon is also a word. One way or another, this approach is rather narrow, since when assessing the speech of a crumbs, it is necessary to pay attention to the volume of understanding of the addressed speech, and to the emotionality and curiosity of the baby, and to speech activity, which can be manifested by non-stop babbling, humming, vocalizations.