51 a year ago Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov made the first exit to open space. These 12 minutes by side of the ship entered the history of the development of near-earth space. Today we remember interesting facts associated with one of the most responsible space missions.

1. Squadder Alexey Leonova Weighed almost 100 kg

The Berkut Spaceman for the first exit of a person in space developed on, which is now included in the holding "Technodynamics".

Unlike previous models, the new suit was supposed to have powerful life support systems, thermoregulation, protection against solar radiation and cosmic cold. The player has changed in color - from orange it became white to better reflect the sun's rays - and significantly added in weight.

The total weight of the "output costume" was almost 100 kg, which delivered many inconvenience during training on Earth, but in weightlessness did not play a significant role. More problems created the pressure of the air inside the hermetic shell. It made a rigid skate. For such, for example, to squeeze the brush of hands in a glove, a force of 25 kg was required, recalled later Alexei Leonov.

Modern is much more convenient and easier. And the work in open space has become possible to ten hours. In terms of its electronic "filling", such a costume is comparable to a modern car, but at cost - it is more expensive. One set costs about $ 15 million.

2. The first exit to space lasted 12 minutes

Two television cameras were installed on the ship "Voskhod-2", which captured minutes carried out by Alexey Leonov overboard the ship. These famous frames, as our Soviet cosmonaut "PARIA" in open space, waves with his hand and transfers hello from space, flew around the whole world.

Leonov described the unforgettable 12 minutes 9 seconds behind the ship: "I stepped into this abyss and ... did not fail anywhere. Fascinated stars. They were everywhere: downstairs at the top, on the left, right. Even before the flight I read Tsiolkovsky, as he described the human yield into open space. And he completely predicted all these sensations in detail. Surprisingly, where did he know that? "

As Alexey Leonov later recalled, the most vivid impression of open space is silence. "I still hear how my heart is knocking in this silence, and your breath," the cosmonaut told.

At these moments of the second pilot of the ship "Voskhod-2" Pavel Belyaev handed over to the ground: "The person went into outer space!" - And I connected the phone in Leonov's Skafandra to the transfer of Moscow radio. Ether Levitan read a message about human outlet in open space.

3. In the open space, Alexey Leonov lost 6 kg

Already during the first in the history of exit to open space, the very first dangerous incident happened. Leonov had great difficulties with returning to the ship. In the cosmic vacuum, the skatewood swelled, and the astronaut could not squeeze into the Luke of the gateway. Knowing that the reserve of oxygen was designed for only 20 minutes, he decided to risk.

"I accept the decision to reset the pressure, I recalled the astronaut. - Although I get into the zone of nitrogen boiling. I knew, I saw it when it was happening when suddenly the hands would swell as rubber gloves, the face becomes twice as much, the eyes fall. This is death. No choice, I went on this path. I think I already have an hour, breathing with pure oxygen, I guess I washed azot. And I discard the pressure twice. "

His calculations, fortunately, were justified. He got to the gateway, but the jade was still too break. Enter the gateway according to the rules, that is, legs forward, so that it is possible to close the hatch if the automation does not work, it did not work. Then Leonov made another violation of the security rules - squeezed his head forward.

For these 12 minutes and 9 seconds in open space, Alexey Leonov lost 6 kg.

4. The crew Leonov and Belyaev made the first landing in manual mode

Non-standard situation happened during the descent. According to the flight program, the landing should be held in automatic mode. With the "shooting" of the gateway chamber, the automation refused, it was necessary to sit using a manual control system. It was the first in the history of our cosmonautics landing in manual mode. Due to the delay in 45 seconds, the accuracy necessary during the descent, and the "sunrise" capsule landed in a snow-covered deaf taiga, 200 km from Perm.

Found astronauts not immediately: the night had to spend in the forest. For insulation, they used the trim, constructed from the inner surface of the ship, heated by the fire. They had a grocery stock: lyophilized meat, chocolate, galley and cottage cheese with cherry juice.

The next day, rescuers got to them: they dropped warm clothes and food, but they could not pick up astronauts. For evacuation, it was necessary to clear the melan for planting a helicopter. On March 21, cosmonauts skiing reached the helicopter.

5. Leonov turned to gunsmiths asking for a space gun

The first abnormal emergency landing in the taiga served as a reason for the development of a special gun for astronauts. Alexey Leonov himself turned to Tula gunsmiths with a request to create a multifunctional weapon for astronauts. On personal experience, he was convinced that the Makarov Pistol, which is part of a set of astronaut since the flight of Yuri Gagarin, did not allow to solve the problems of survival in extreme conditions. Alexey Leonov and Pavel Belyaev later remembered how bears came out to their fire from the forest. Then only miracle they managed to survive, scaring predators with shots in the air.

At the initiative of Alexei Leonov, the specialists who today are part of Rostech, the TP-82 cosmonauts gun was developed. By 1982, he found his final appearance, and in 1986, TP-82 visited space for the first time: they were armed with astronauts of a joint Soviet-French crew.

6. Alexey Leonov advised the producers of the Hollywood film "Gravity"

Alexey Leonov during the exit to open space "flew" from the ship a few meters and returned five times.

Today, astronauts have no right to disconnect from the handrails, they cling to the Karabins not to sail from the board. Approximately, as in the famous Hollywood film "Gravitization", where the heroes are constantly holding the handrails, and when, as a result of the accident, one of them loses touch with the ship, it simply takes it into open space.

By the way, the creators of the film at one time appealed for advice to Alexey Leonov, because he, like no other, knows than they can threaten abnormal situations in open space. For its short, but very significant flight of Leonov survived several serious incidents at once.

Employment in space in one of the scaffle - in itself a risky lesson. Nevertheless, from more than hundreds of outputs in open space that occurred since 1965, there are several, which are allocated, for example, with their durability or the fact that the cosmonauts did the "outside" of the spacecraft. Here are the most memorable of them.

Alexey Leonov became the first person to open space. Soviet cosmonaut spent about 20 minutes in an airless space, after which she encountered a problem: his skate was swollen and did not go to the gateway compartment of the ship. Leonov had to pull a little air to return on board.

"It was truly dangerous. But, fortunately, the first yield of Leonov in open space did not become the last for him, "he wrote later in his book Nicolas de Monosho, Professor of the University of California.

First access to the space of American astronaut (June 3, 1965)

Three months after Leonov, Astronaut Ed White became the first American, published in open space. The yight exit lasts about 20 minutes, and the photograph of the man soaring in the airless space was actively used by propagandists during the Cold War.

The most remote from the ground exits in open space (1971-1972)

Astronauts of the Missions Apollo-15, 16 and 17 dared to go out on the way back from the moon. These exits were also unique to the role of the second crew member. While one astronaut conducted outdoor work, the second stood, leaning around the belt from the slot compartment, and could enjoy the beauty of the surrounding universe.

Maccandles output in 1984

Astronaut NASA Bruce McCandless became the first person to open space without a safety attack. During the speakes-shuttle flight, Challenger, STS-41B McCandless used a jet quit to move away from the space shuttle by 100 meters, and then go back.

The shortest way to space (September 3, 2014)

The shortest exit to space was only 14 minutes when Michael Finke's American astronaut occurred the depressurization of oxygen cylinders during external work on the ISS. He and his partner Gennady Padalka were forced early to back on board the space station. Filka and Finke used Russian Eagle Spacks, because there was a problem with cooling in American skaandras.

The longest way out (March 11, 2001)

The longest way out in open space has lasted 8 hours of 56 minutes and occurred during the Space Shuttle Mission "Discovery" March 11, 2001. NASA Astronauts Susan Helms and Jim Vosses carried out work on the construction of the International Space Station.

The most massive access to space (May 13, 1992)

The main goal of the Space Shuttle Mission "Endeavor" STS-49 was the capture of Intelsat VI satellite, which could not reach the geostationary orbit and instead "stuck" at a low near-earth orbit. During the first two outputs into space, two astronauts could not capture and repair the satellite, so the third member of the crew was joined for the third time. This is the only case in history when three people worked in space at the same time.

One of the most spent respect for exits in open space was carried out by Soviet cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyov and Alexander Balandin from the Orbital Station "Mir". The output, the main purpose of which was the repair of the damaged isolation of the ship "Union", turned into a danger to the life of astronauts when, when returning to the station, her gateway broke and could not close. Cosmonauts were able to use a spare gateway in the Kvant-2 module and return to the "world".

The most dangerous way to space in American Skafandra (July 16, 2013)

A couple of minutes after the Astronaut of the European Space Agency of Luke Parmitano left the ISS, he felt water flowing along the back of the back. Parmitano with difficulty was able to go back, as the water fell into his mouth, eyes and ears. The partners of the Italian astronaut later calculated that about two liters of water accumulated in his helmet. Works in open space were suspended for many months until Nasa investigated the reasons for the breakdown of the skatender.

The most difficult work on the repair of the space station (Skylab and the ISS)

In the history of outputs in open space, there were two most complex repair work performed by astronauts when fixing orbital stations. The first was implemented in May and June 1973, when members of the first crew of the American Station "Skylab" repaired a station that had damaged during the launch. Among other things, astronauts have installed a sunny "umbrella" to cool the overheating station. The second case occurred on November 3, 2007, when the American astronaut on the robotic arm of Space-shuttle was reached by damaged solar pumps of the ISS and carried out their repair, while they were under voltage.

On March 18, 1965, our country entered another milestone in the development of space. The Earth's orbit of the Earth was derived a two-seater spacecraft "Voskhod-2", which had a task to conduct a new experiment for humanity - a person's yield into open space. This event watched the whole country. Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov was overboard the ship "Voskhod-2" just 12 minutes, but these minutes were forever entered astronautics.

Brave Soviet cosmonaut, choosing from the hatch of the ship "Sunrise-2", took a step in history. He easily separated from the ship and floated to the length of his cable fault, which was connected to a spacecraft. Before going back to the ship, the cosmonaut removed the film equipment from the bracket, wrapped her hand on his hand and entered the gateway. Specialists of the NGO "Star" specialists were designed to enter outdoor space, the Berkut Space. And the exit training session itself was carried out on board the Tu-104 aircraft, in which the layout of the spacecraft "Voskhod-2" was installed in a natural value. After some time, the Americans were made to the open space in open space, but it happened on June 3, 1965, so the Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov remained forever the first person to open space.

On March 18, 1965, the first in the history of mankind of the space walk caused a real shock in the world and delight. It is important to understand what happened at the time when the United States and the USSR were very sharply competed by each other for superioring in the field of space development. The flight of the spacecraft "Voskhod-2" was regarded at that moment as a very serious propaganda success of the country of the Soviets, as well as a blow to the national pride of Americans.

Spa Tander "Berkut"

It is clear that for the survival of a person in the conditions of a vacuum, special clothes were needed, for the development of which the NGO "Star" took. In the first of its flights, Soviet cosmonauts were sent in SK-1 rescue spaces, which weighed only 30 kg. They were equipped with autonomous oxygen in case of a possible accident, and also positively buoyancy - in case, instead of landing the cosmonauts, the leading would be waiting. However, to enter outdoor space and active work, other "costumes" were needed, which would have protection against solar radiation and cosmic cold, thermostat system, a powerful livelihood system.

Especially for the exit to space was created by the Berkut Space, it was significantly different from the model in which astronauts flew on the "east." To increase its reliability, an additional backup hermetic shell was introduced into the scaffold. The upper jumpsuit was sewn from a special metallized multilayer tissue - screen-vacuum insulation. In fact, the jade was a thermos, which consisted of several layers of plastic film coated with aluminum. A special layout of screen-vacuum insulation was also installed in shoes and gloves. Outdoor clothing was supposed to protect the astronaut from possible mechanical damage to the sealed portion of the player, as such clothes sewed from very durable artificial fabrics that were not afraid of low and high temperatures. At the same time, the jade was significantly sick, added weights and a new life support system. This system was in a special designer and included in addition to the ventilation system also two cylinders with oxygen two liters each. A fitting was enshrined on the housing, a fitting for their refueling and a pressure gauge window, designed to control pressure. In case of an emergency situation in the gateway chamber, there was a backup oxygen system, which was connected to the surprise with a hose.

The total weight of the new skatera approached 100 kg. Therefore, during the construction of earthly workouts, astronauts had to ride in a kind of runner, which supported the rigid part of the player. However, in the conditions of weightlessness, the mass of the skateband did not play any significant role. Significantly more interference created the pressure of the air, which filled the hermetic shell, making the Spa Tander inexpedible and hard. Cosmonauts accounted for tangible effort to overcome the resistance of their own vestments. Later, the cosmonaut Alexei Leonov recalled: "For example, it was necessary to squeeze your hands in a glove in a glove." It is for this reason that, during the preparation of astronauts, a very much attention was paid to physical form. Daily Soviet cosmonauts ran crossfields or performed skiing, worked hard at heavy athletics and gymnastics.

Changed and the color of the spacecraft. "Berkut" in order to better reflect the sun's rays, was made white, and not orange. A special light filter appeared on his helmet, which was supposed to protect the eyes of the cosmonaut from bright sunlight. The created skateman became a real miracle of technology. According to the firm conviction of his creators - it was the product more complicated by the car.

Space ship "Voskhod-2"

After committing a first successful flight to the spacecraft of the Multi-seat spacecraft "Voskhod-1" in the USSR, the following goal was delivered - the exercise of a person in open space. This event was to be a significant milestone in the Soviet lunar program. To prepare for this mission, the new ship "Sunrise-2" was modified compared to "Sunrise-1".

In the ship "Voskhod-1" was the crew of 3 astronauts. At the same time, the ship's cabin was so close that they were on board without scafflers. In the ship "Voskhod-2" the number of seats was reduced to two. At the same time, a special gateway camera "Volga" appeared on the ship. During the start, this lock camera was in the folded state. In such a state, the sizes of the chamber were: diameter - 70 cm, length - 77 cm. Weighed sliding chamber 250 kg. In space, the gaze chamber inflated. The dimensions of the chamber in the inflated state were: length - 2.5 meters, the outer diameter is 1.2 meters, the inner diameter is 1 meter. Before going around the ship with orbits and landing, the gateway chamber shot out from the spacecraft.

Since the ship "Voskhod-2" was intended for two people, in addition to Leonov, another cosmonaut was supposed to be. One person was navigator (he went into open space), the second - commander who carried out the piloting of the ship. Alexey Leonov was able to ensure that the place of the commander on his ship took His friend Pavel Belyaev. Belyaev was 10 years older than his friend and met the end of the Second World War in the Far East in the cockpit, performing combat units against Japan's troops. It was a skillful and brave pilot. Leonov was able to achieve his appointment, even though the doctors were very disturbed by the leg injury, which Pavel Belyaev received, performing a parachute jump.

Alexey Leonov

Alexey Leonov was born in 1934 in the tiny village of Listvyanka, located in Western Siberia (Kemerovo region). When he was 3 years old, his father was repressed. The Leonovs were whined as the enemies of the people, while the authorities closed their eyes to the fact that the neighbors loomed their property. However, Alexei always reluctantly recalls these events. Already as a child, the boy found the artist's talent in himself, but still decided to go to another way. He successfully completed the military school and became a pilot-fighter.

Shortly after graduation, Alexey received an offer to try his hand in the competition in the cosmonaut detachment. Leonov managed to get a place in the detachment, he became one of the twenty of his members, among whom was Yuri Gagarin, who was performed in 1961 the first flight into space.
At that time, no one else knew how the human body would react to the exit to open space. For this reason, all Soviet cosmonauts were subjected to very intensive training. The conducted tests were to show how far it would be possible to push the mental and physical boundaries of the human body's capabilities. Later, Alexey Leonov recalled: "Cosmonaut should have been physically prepared. Every day I ran at least 5 kilometers and sailed 700 meters. "

At one time in the center of the training of astronauts, a game of hockey was prohibited. It happened after several people were injured during this game. Instead of cosmonauts, volleyball, basketball and football were proposed. Space flights were subjected to Human organism with high overloads. Therefore, during training, candidates rotated in centrifuges - sometimes it led to the loss of consciousness. Also, future cosmonauts were locked in a Surrocamera or a barocamera in long-term solitude. Such experiments were dangerous, since in a saturated oxygen atmosphere, a fire could arise.

And such an accident really occurred in 1961. Then during the training in the barocamera, Valentin Bondarenko accidentally dropped a mob with alcohol on a closed spiral of a hot splicer. As a result, the fireball literally absorbed it. Bondarenko died a few hours in the hospital from the terrible burns received. After this incident, the engineers began to use ordinary air during training. So the path to space was not just a thorny and difficult, but also a felon in itself for life.

Exit into space

Even the yield itself could end for Alexey Leonov tragic, but then everything went around, although during the flight a sufficient number of abnormal situations were recorded. During the time of the USSR, it was simply silent about it, the truth came to the surface relatively recently. The troubles were pursued by the crew "Sunrise-2" and during the exit to open space, and at the time of landing, but in the end it ended well, and Alexey Leonov live himself to this day, the famous Soviet cosmonaut on May 30, 2014 turned 80 years old.

At that moment, when Alexey Leonov, March 18, 1965, has emerged outside his spacecraft and saw himself at an altitude of 500 kilometers above the surface of our planet, he did not feel movement at all. Although in fact he rushes around the earth at a speed that has many times higher than the speed of the reactive aircraft. Before Alexey, an unprecedented panorama of our planet was opened before Alexey - like a giant canvas, which was saturated with contrasting textures and paints, alive and bright. Alexey Leonov will forever remain the first person who was able to see the Earth in all its magnificence.

Soviet cosmonaut at that time simply intercepted the Spirit: "It is difficult to even imagine what it was. Only in space you can feel the greatness and gigantic sizes of the environment of the environment - you can't feel this on Earth. " Five times the astronaut flew from the ship "Sunrise-2" and returned to him again. All this time, the "room" temperature was successfully maintained in his scaffle, while the working surface of "Berkut" was heated in the sun to + 60 ° C, it was cooled in the shade to -100 ° C.

At that moment, when Alexey Leonov saw Yenisei and Irtysh, he was a team from the commander of the ship Belyaev return back. But Leonov did not work for a very long time. The case was that his jacket was swollen in Vacuum very much. So much that the astronaut simply could not squeeze into the Luke of the Gateway Camera, and there was no time to consult about this situation with the Earth. Leonov did an attempt at trying, but they all ended to no avail, and the reserve of oxygen in the scaffle was enough for only 20 minutes, which were inexorably melted (cosmonaut spent 12 minutes in space). In the end, Alexey Leonov decided to simply reset the pressure in the scaffle and contrary to the instructions issued, prescribing to enter the gateway with his feet, decided to "sweep" face ahead in him. Fortunately, it turned out. And although Leonov stayed in open space for only 12 minutes, during which time he managed to try it as if the whole water eared was poured on it - there was a physical activity so great.

Solemn meeting of the crew members of the spacecraft "Voskhod-2" - Pavel Belyaeva (left) and Alexey Leonova, 1965

The second unpleasant situation occurred already when leaving the orbit. The crew "Sunzat-2" could be the first crew that died upon returning from the orbit. During a decline to Earth, problems with a disconnected service module arose on board, which led to the rotation of the capsule with astronauts, which were experiencing very strong overload. The bodywork ceased only when the cable connecting this module completely burned down, and the cosmonaut capsule was free.

The second mistake was crushed into the calculations of engineers of the Cauop, as a result of which the capsule with astronauts landed for hundreds of kilometers from the calculated point. Cosmonauts were in the deaf Siberian taiga. Only 7 hours after landing, the monitoring station in West Germany reported that the encoded signal was selected, which sent astronauts. As a result, the astronauts spent the night in the forest, waiting for rescuers. They had to go out of the taiga, they had to be skiing, but already there, on the "big" land, they were met as real heroes and cosmos conquers.

Information sources:
http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/vs/article/598.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/2014/newspec_9531/index.html.
http://www.calend.ru/event/5984.
http://www.sgvavia.ru/forum/95-4980-1

March 19th, 2017 Admin

March 18, 1965 Soviet cosmonaut Alexei Leonov first in the history of mankind made an exit to open space.

The first exit to open space Soviet cosmonauts spent two and a half months before Americans. It knows everything. But very few people know that in the flight of the ship "Voshod-2", on board who Paul Belyaev (commander) and Alexei Leonov (the second pilot) were located on board and Alexei Leonov (second pilot), there were several serious abnormal situations. And three or four of them are deadly. For the first time, the whole truth about the flight "diamonds" - such a call sign was at the crew - told in the unique book "The World Pilotous Cosmonautics (Story. Technique. People)", which RTSoft publishes released.

March 9, 1965 The expedition of the cosmonaut training center together with the crews flew to the landfill. On the same day, a meeting of the Air Force and Technical Guide to the start of the crew was held on the second platform, on which the crew composition was again discussed. N.P. Kamanin spoke about the preparation results and set astronauts according to the degree of readiness: Leonov, Chrunov, Belyaev, Zaicin. Pavel Belyaeva's candidacy caused a strong doubt, since a month ago, during a workout in the barocamera, he began to choke, but quickly discovered the malfunction of the equipment and eliminated it. However, the experiment was ripped. Despite this, Kamanin recommended not to change the main crew, since cosmonauts Leonov and Belyaev Together they prepared and worked well. He proposed to approve the Khrunov Dupler at the same time and the commander, and the second pilot, justifying it by the fact that it is much better than Zaicina prepared for both posts. As a result of the discussion, the crews decided not to change. Nevertheless, the next day decided: on the day of the start to wanders only to wear three astronauts.

11th of March The first crew produced a "past" in the ship. The second crew was not allowed to work in a flight ship - there was no time left.

March 12. The station "Moon" was started for landing on the moon, and - unsuccessful. The 4th stage of the rocket did not work, and the AMS remained in the orbit of the Earth under the name "Cosmos-60".

March 13 Passed the latest control classes with the crew. When they ended Sergey Pavlovich Korolev Said: " Well, friends, probably, I was last with you on the start. "Easty" and "Sunrise" were too expensive to me ... " These words were prophetic. The piloted launch of the "sunrise-2" was for S. P. Queen last. After 10 months it did not become.

March 16, 1965 The State Commission decided to take a rocket-space complex "Sunrise" on start on March 17 and make it launch on March 18. In the evening of the same day, the State Commission approved the crews: the main one promirmary Lieutenant Colonel P. I. Belyaev with Major-leaving Major A. Leonov; Spare - Commander Major D. A. Zaicin and Ferring Major E. V. Khrunov.

Spaceship has been launched CCD N 4, received name "Sunrise-2", with astronauts Pavel Belyaev and Alexei Leonov On board. The mass of the ship was 5,682 kg - 362 kg more than the mass of "sunrise." 1 hour 35 minutes after the start (at the beginning of the 2nd turn) Alexey Leonov first in the world left the spacecraft, What Pavel Belyaev announced on the whole world: "Attention! The person went into outer space! The person went into outer space! " A television image of the steaming against the background of the earth Alexei Leonov was broadcast on all channels.

Alexey Leonov was in the conditions of outer space 23 min. 41 seconds, and outside the gateway in open space - 12 min. 09 secondsAt this time he removed from the ship to a distance of up to 5.35 meters. During the exit, his space was connected with the board of the ship with a special electric cable, since it was not completely autonomous.

During the flight, the cosmonauts spoke with the leaders of the party and the government gathered in the Sverdlovsk Hall of the Kremlin. A day later, on the 18th twist, the ship landed in the Perm region, and TASS announced the full success of the flight. The first exit to open space Soviet cosmonauts spent 2.5 months earlier than the Americans.

In fact, in flight was a number of serious abnormal situations who threatened the lives of astronauts. That's how about it told Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov : "There were seven serious abnormal situations in my flight on the" sunrise-2 ", three or four were fatal ...

When they created a ship to enter outdoor space, it had to solve many problems, one of which was associated with the size of the hatch. So that the cover has opened in full, it would have to cut a lodge. Then I would not fit in his shoulders. And I agreed to reduce the diameter of the hatch. Thus, there was a gap of 20 mm from each shoulder between the Speaf and Crunch of the hatch.

On Earth, we conducted tests in the barocamera with a vacuum corresponding to a height of 60 km ... In reality, when I went out into open space, it turned out a little differently. The pressure in the scaffle is about 600 mm, and outside - 10-9; Such conditions on Earth simulate was impossible. In the cosmic vacuum, the skatewood swelled, either the ribs of rigidity or dense fabric. Of course, I assumed that it would happen, but did not think so much. I dragged all the belts, but the safe was so funeral that the hands came out of the gloves when I was taken for the handrails, and my legs from your boots. In this state, I, of course, could not squeeze into the gateway hatch. There was a critical situation, and there was no time to consult with the Earth. So far I would have reported to them ... Would they be advised ... and who would take responsibility? Only Pasha Belyaev saw it, but could not help anything. And here I, violating all instructions and not reporting to Earth, i turn to the pressure of 0.27 atmospheres. This is the second mode of operation of the Squadder. If for this time I did not have a nitrogen washing from blood, then nitrogen would be boiling - and everything ... death. I figured that for an hour I was under pure oxygen and boiling should not be. After I switched to the second mode, all the "village" in place. On the nerves, I put in the gateway kinocamera and myself, disrupting the instructions, i went to the gateway not legs, but head forward. Holding for Leore, I squeezed myself forward. Then I closed the external hatch and began to turn around, as you still need to go into the ship anyway. Otherwise, I could not, because the lid, opening inward, eatened 30% of the cab. Therefore, I had to unfold (inner The diameter of the gateway -1 meter, the width of the player in the shoulders - 68 cm). Here was the biggest load, I have pulse reached 190. I still managed to turn over and enter the ship by my feet, as it should be, but I had such a heat blow that I disrupt the instructions and without checking the tightness, I opened a helmet without closing the hatch. I wipe your eyes glove, and it fails to wipe, as if someone poured on his head. Then I had only 60 liters of oxygen for breathing and ventilation, and now "Orlana" - 360 liters ...

I went out first in history and departed at once 5 meters away. No one did no longer. But with this Fal, it was necessary to work, collect on the hooks, so as not to hang out. There was a huge physical activity. The only thing I did not do at the exit - could not take a picture of the ship from the side. I had a miniature camera "Ajax", able to shoot through a button. She was given to us with the personal permission of the Chairman of the KGB. This camera was controlled by a remote cable; Because of the deformation of the Skafandra, I could not reach him. But I did a filmmaker (3 minutes by the C-97 camera), and two television cameras constantly followed from the ship, but they had a low allowing ability. According to these materials, then made a very interesting film.

But the worst thing was when I returned to the ship, it began to grow the partial oxygen pressure (in the cabin), which came to 460 mm and continued to grow. This is at a rate of 160 mm! But after all, 460 mm is a rattling gas, because Bondarenko burned down ... At the beginning we were sitting in a stupor. Everyone understood, but could not do almost nothing: the moisture was removed to the end, the temperature was removed (it became 10-12). And the pressure grows ... the slightest spark - and everything would turn into a molecular state, and we understood it. Seven hours in such a state, and then fell asleep ... apparently, from stress. Then we figured out that I had a hose from the player with a jade for a superpowering toggle ... What happened in fact? Since the ship was stabilized for a long time relative to the Sun, it was naturally a deformation; After all, on the one hand, cooling up to -140 s, on the other - heating up to +150 s ... Luke closing sensors worked, but the gap remained. The regeneration system began to pump pressure, and the oxygen began to grow, we did not have time to consume ... The total pressure reached 920 mm. These few tons of pressure pressed the hatch and the pressure growth ceased. Then the pressure began to fall in front of the eyes. "

On this trouble, Belyaeva and Leonov did not end. Upon returning, the automatic system of orientation in the sun - And TDA did not turn on time. The ship went to the next round. The crew gave the team to plant "Sunrise-2" manually on the 18th or 22nd turn, and cosmic the ship went out of radio abuse. Through the vessel "Ilyichevsk" and the means of air defense it became known that the ship went with orbits And descended, but where? Four hours there was no information about it.

Alexey Leonov says: "We walked over Moscow, inclination 65. It was necessary to sit on this twist, and we ourselves chose the landing area - 150 km from Solikamsk With the course angle of 270, because there was Taiga. No enterprises, no power lines. Could sit in Kharkov, in Kazan, in Moscow, but it was dangerous. The version that we got there due to breaking balancing is complete nonsense. We ourselves chose the landing site, as it was safer and possible deviations in the engine work shifted the landing point also into safe areas. Only in China could not be sitting - then the relationship was very tense. As a result at a speed of 28,000 km / h, we sat down only 80 km from us the calculated point. This is a good result. And then there were no backup places. AND We were not waiting for us...»

Finally, the helicopter discovered parachutes and cosmonauts 30 km south-west of the city of Berezniki Perm region, in the deaf taiga of the Northern Urals with the flight point for the 18th turn is 368 km.

« When we landed - remembers A. Leonov - we found not immediately... We sat in the skaandras two days, we did not have another clothes. On the third day, we were pulled out from there. Because of the sweat, I had a knee of moisture in the scaffle, about 6 liters. So in the legs and bouffallo. Then, at night, I speak Pasha: "Well, I'm frozen." We removed the saffes, undressed, squeezed underwear, put it out again. Then the resolutes of the screen-vacuum heat insulation. All the tough part was thrown away, and the rest was on themselves. This is nine layers of aluminized foil covered on top of the deteron. Top wrapped with parachute pips like two sausages. And so stayed there for the night. And at 12 days the helicopter flew, which sat down at 9 km. Another helicopter in the basket lowered right to us Jura Lygin. Then we were on the skiing of the fame of wolves (Vladislav Volkov, the future cosmonaut TsKBEM) and others. They brought us warm clothes, cognac poured, and we gave them our alcohol - and life became more fun. The fire was divorced, the boiler was set. We were swelled. An hour for two cut down a small hut, where we spent okay normally. There was even a bed. "

21 March The landing platform for helicopters, and Pavel Belyaev and Alexei Leonov with the accompanying skis were reached to the Mi-4 helicopter. Soon they were in Perm, from where they reported on the completion of flights by the Secretary-General of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. The evacuation of astronauts was led by Lieutenant Colonel Vladimir Belyaev, the same name of the crew commander. On the same day, astronauts returned to Leninsk.

After Alexey Leonov and Pavel Belyaev rested March 23 cosmonauts met Moscow. With Mausoleum, Alexey Leonov said very bright words: "I want to tell you that the picture of the cosmic abyss, which I saw, my grandiose, the immensity, the brightness of the paints and the sharpness of the contrasts of pure darkness with the dazzling shine of stars just struck and fascinated me. At the end of the painting, imagine - Against this background, I see our Soviet ship, illuminated by the bright light of sunlight. When I left the gateway, I felt a powerful stream of light and heat that resembles an electric welding. I needed a black sky and bright non-moving stars. The sun seemed to me as a hot fiery disk ... "

Based on materials: http://dayofru.com