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The economic activity of Romania. Agriculture Romania

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economy Romania Pigeon, Economics Romania
All data are indicated for 2011-12, unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise specified, all the figures are given in US dollars

Romania - an industrial-agrarian country, a traditionally different relatively low level of development of the economy, especially compared to other members of the SEA and the European Union. Romania's economy is the 11th GDP among EU countries, but the level of GDP per capita is approximately 46% of the Middle Eastern. The main problem of the modern capitalist-oriented economy of Romania is the extremely low share of the formal employment of the population: in 2013, from almost 20 million of its inhabitants, only about 5 million contributed part of their labor revenues to state insurance funds. The rest were pensioners, children, unemployed; Part of the led natural economy or was busy in the informal sector, it lived at the expense of income from earnings abroad.

  • 1. History
    • 1.1 Socialist Romania
    • 1.2 Post Socialist Romania
      • 1.2.1 GDP Growth Dynamics
  • 2 Employment and Unemployment
  • 3 Industry
    • 3.1 Mining industry
    • 3.2 Processing industry
  • 4 Agriculture
  • 5 SERVICES
  • 6 level of life
  • 7 Links
  • 8 Notes

History

The construction of the economy of independent Romania on a nominally capitalist basis did not solve its problems: until the Second World War, Romania remained a poor agricultural country, because of which the ideas of unification with Romania remained unpopular among native peoples with her.

Socialist Romania

After the Second World War there was a restructuring of the economy of Romania to the socialist way. Industry was nationalized, land reform was carried out and a state monopoly on foreign trade was introduced. In 1949, Romania became one of the co-founders of CEV, since that time its economy developed in five-year plans, in these plans, the priority was given to industrialization. Soviet times, one of the main problems of the Romanian economy was fast-growing foreign debt, which brought the country with the problem countries of Latin America and the Mediterranean. However, he was compensated for full-time and comprehensive education.

Post-Socialist Romania

With the fall of socialism in 1989, the market restructuring of the economy began. In fact, the national economy was destroyed and no longer recovered. Out of the consequences of this process, the production decline was the decline and a drop in the standard of living (in particular, in 2011, 40.0% of the population of Romania balancing on the verge of poverty). However, entry into the EU and liberalization of the field regime made it possible to remove the tension in the labor market: over two million citizens left its territory in 1990-2013. In addition, the country came to the country Capital of foreign companies from Italy, Germany, Austria, and after joining NATO, also help from the United States. 2006 Romanian GDP reached the level of 1988. However, the crisis of 2009-2010 again dropped the country back. The small growth of the economy resumed, mainly due to the increased export of goods to Russia, the growth rate of the economy of which is higher than in the EU. In 2012, Romania sent 33% of his exports in the Russian Federation, which was the result of the success of one non-course car company.

GDP growth dynamics

Year GDP
million US dollars
GDP growth (%)
2007 246 750 +6,317
2008 270 056 +7,349
2009 254 240 −6,576
2010 - −1,149
2011 - +2,158
2012 - +0,689
2013* - +1,997
2014* - +2,156

Employment and unemployment

The unemployment rate in October 2013 amounted to 7.3%, which was significantly lower than in the EU (10.9%) and in the Eurozone (12.1%) as a whole. 2013 from almost 20 million of its inhabitants only about 5 million contributed part of their labor revenues to state insurance funds. The rest were pensioners, children, unemployed; Part of the led natural economy or was busy in the informal sector, it lived at the expense of income from earnings abroad. For comparison, in 1988, employment indicator reached 73%. The long term, the rapidly cutting population of Romania, will negatively affect its economic development.

Industry

Mining industry

Oil, natural gas, gold, silver, salt, bauxite, manganese ore, coal are produced in Romania.

Natural gas is mined at the Transylvanian plateau and at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains. Neighborhood of brown coal is carried out near Kraiov and Ploiesti in the South-central part of Romania. Stone coal is mined in a comkenist in the northeast and near Clusu in the North-West.

Oil production

The oil production is maintained and mainly near the Carpathians (oilfield fields of Ploiesti).

Processing industry

In the cities of Ploiesti, George Georgiu-Dezh, Darmeneshti, Brasov and Ramnicul-Sarat are the largest oil refining factories. Metallurgy is concentrated in the West (in the area between Hundoar and Timisoar) and in the south-east (Galatz-Breile).

In Breile and Galace, the Danube delta are shipbuilding plants.

Agriculture

About 70% of the arable land occupy wheat crops (3.04 million tons) and corn (3.85 million tons). Other important crops are potatoes (3.71 million tons), sugar beets and sunflower.

Vineyards are located mainly on the Transylvanian plateau, in the foothills of Karpat and Dobrudge. Fruit gardens are mainly in the southern foothills of the Carpathians, at the Dobrudja Plateau and in Danube Delta. Mainly plums and apples are grown (0.47 million tons). Also grown pears, cherries and apricots.

About 1/5 of the country's territory is pasture. The main districts of animal husbandry are the southern foothills of the Carpathians, the southwestern part of the Transylvanian plateau and the northern part of the Carpathian mountains. Sheepadercy is developed in the south-east, and pig breeding - in the south (from a banat to Bucharest).

Services sector

55% of GDP accounts for the scope of services. The financial and business sphere accounts for 20.5%; Hotels, restaurants and transport - 25%, other spheres - 21.7%.

Standard of living

The strength of the Romanian economy varies from the region to the region. GDP per capita is higher in the capital of the country - Bucharest. Economic differences between urban and rural areas, as well as between the Western and Eastern regions, are also significant.

Links

  • Romania in the CIA Directory by World Countries
  • Military Industry Romania

Notes

  1. Undata | RECORD VIEW | PER CAPITA GDP AT CURRENT PRICES - US DOLLARS.
  2. 1 2 Romania's Population Falls BY 12% AS Three Million Flock to Richer European Countries | Mail Online.
  3. Romania will demand from Russia 2 billion euros for transferred in 1916 Golden stock | News and Events | News and Articles | Maanimo.
  4. 1 2 Economist: Neither the EU, nor the vehicle not prove to Ukraine its advantage - Russian News - IA REGNUM
  5. Bulgaria, Romania and Latvia | News. News of the day on the site details.
  6. Romania's Economy Returns to Pre-Crisis Levels: PM - Business - Globaltimes.cn.
  7. New Eurostat Website - EUROSTAT
  8. http://www.standard.money.o/articol_111865/dupa_douazeci_de_ani__conomia_romaniei_in_1989.html

More recently, the place of Paria Romania is now in Brussels in Favorites. The European Commission sharply criticized Bucharest for corruption and poverty, demanded reforms and respect for human rights. Criticism seemed to have worn. At the very least, the results of the actions of the Romanian authorities are obvious.

Despite the fact that the majority of Europeans consider Romanian the main participants in labor migration on the continent, it is Romania that is now in the first place in united Europe at the rate of economic growth. In the second quarter of this year, it amounted to 5.7% in terms of the year. Last year, the growth rates of the Romanian economy were 4.8%; And in 2015 - 3.9%. According to the IMF forecasts, Romania's economy will grow by 5.5% this year. For comparison: EU average rate of economic growth - 2.4%.

Below taxes, higher salary

All sectors of the economy are developing: services sector, production, export. Consumption last year has reached the highest indicator over the decade, i.e. Since the country's entry into the European Union in 2007, and in the first half of this year it increased by another 8%.

"The government in 2015 reduced consumption taxes in 2015," Guardian's London edition explained Jonut Dumitru, Chief Economist Raiffeisen Bank Romania and Chairman of the Fiscal Council of Romania. - The authorities reduced VAT from 24% first to 20, and now up to 19%. It has become a strong incentive for consumption growth. In addition, the government over the past four years has doubled the minimum wage. Salary and in the public sector increased greatly.

Nevertheless, salaries in Romania remain below the Middle Eastern, which makes it an attractive place to outsource Western companies. For salaries of Romania is in the EU in second place from the end after Bulgaria - 308 euros per month. It is low salaries that are stopped from returning home tens of thousands of Romanians who went to search for work to other European countries. As a result of the outflow of labor in Romania last year, the lowest unemployment rate was recorded - 5.9% (average in the EU - 8.6%). According to the results of 2017, it will be reduced according to forecasts to 5.4%.

On the material and technical base of socialism

The highest rates shows the high-tech sector. A good help for rapid development IT is a strong scientific basis laid during socialism. Experts believe that the IT sector in which the order of one and a half hundred thousand people is busy should double its share in the country's GDP and bring it to 2025 to 12%. It is significant that the speed of the Internet Romania is inferior only to Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea and Iceland.

Western companies vigorously invest in the Romanian economy. Ford, for example, over the past nine years has invested 1.2 billion euros in Romania and announced plans to hire a thousand more people for his factory in Craiov. Thus, the total number of employees in the Romanian enterprises of American auto giant will reach 3,700 people. Expand production in Romania and other large Western companies, such as Siemens, Bosch, Fitbit.

According to the size of the income of the largest company Romania, the Dacia automaker remains, which is owned by Renault-Nissan - 4.47 billion euros (2016). Renault penetrated the country since the times of people's democracy, the Dacia brand is known since.

Progress, protest and corruption

The development of the Romanian economy continues to inhibit the reputation of one of the most corrupt countries in Europe. Progress in the fight against corruption, of course, is, but it is not easy to get rid of the inequalous image for many years.

There are other interferences. In February, for example, the country's largest protest demonstrations rolled around the country. The reason for them was the fact that the government spent through parliament the law decriminalizing the cottage and receiving small bribes.

It does not contribute to the rapid development of the economy and weak transport infrastructure. According to World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report Romania, World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report Romania occupies 128th from 138 seats in the road rating. Length of the highway network is only 747 km. Railways are also very outdated. On them Romania in the 79th place.

Economists worries and growth in budget deficit. In 2016, he grew up to 3% of GDP, although a year was previously only 0.8%. The main reasons are an increase in costs and reducing taxes.

"The main danger to the economy is a fiscal situation," says Jonut Dumitru. "The state budget deficiency is under strong pressure."

Eurotigra

Dispose on numerous problems, prospects for Romania quite good. Economists believe that the growth of the economy will continue and, at least, in the near future. According to forecasts, in 2018, growth rates will fall up to 4%, but even in this case they will remain among the highest in Europe.

The country deservedly acquires a reputation as a European "tiger", as usual is usually the Asian states of rapid growth, since tigers have a rapid jump. In Eastern Europe, it was almost as successful for a quarter of a century, for example, Slovenia and the Czech Republic, but they did not come up with their beast.

Climate. Transition from moderately ocean western Europe to continental Eastern Europe, with hot summer and cold winters; Most of the precipitation falls in the summer. The average temperature of January -1 ...- 5 o C, July +16 ... + 23 About C. In the East, on the plains and hilly hills drops from 450-550 mm of precipitation per year, in the West - up to 600-700 mm , on the windy slopes of the mountains 1200-1400 mm. The average annual precipitation is 637 mm (in the northwest - 800-1000 mm, in the south-east - 300-400 mm). In the summer, strong shower and thunderstorms are frequent. Autumn in most areas are soft and long, winter is snowy only in the mountains, and in the summer on the Black Sea coast about 2,300 hours of the sun. The average annual temperatures fluctuate from +8 ° C in the north to +11 o C in the south of the country. Temperatures in the mountains are mitigated; Summer is cooler in the upper parts of the transylvania pools, and the winter is very cold and snowy. Plains of Moldova and Dobrudji dry, places resemble the steppe. They are subject to strong winds that blow from the Eastern European Plain. Eastern, South and Romanian mountain ranges, the Carpathians distribute temperatures and precipitation between the individual parts of Romania, and first of all between the plains and the Carpathian mining system. Winter on the plains is short, minor and relatively warm, but northeastern and northern winds sometimes bring frosty air and temperatures are sharply reduced. In the spring, there are often strong rains. Summer roast, dry, and long autumn is usually warm, clear and windless. The precipitation, brought by Western winds with the Atlantic Ocean, is intercepted by the Carpathian Mountains. Therefore, the Western and central regions of the country receive a sufficient amount of moisture for the development of crops, and the southern and oriental are subject to frequent droughts. Relief. For the territory of Romania, a roughly equal combination of mountain, hilly and flat locality is characterized. Throughout the entire territory of the country, from the border with Ukraine to the border with Serbia, the Carpathians are held, prevailing in the center of Romania, with 14 ridges. Eastern Carpathians are located in the northern and central regions of Romania (the maximum height of over 2000 m) and the southern Carpathians, which form the ring-shaped structure in the plan; In the West - the medieval Western Romanian (aposeni) of the mountain. There is a Transylvanian plateau between them and the Carpathians. From the outside along the Carpathians, the Bedroom Stripes (Hills) is held. In the south there is Lyubilnunaysky plain, limited to the Danube River, in the West - Western Plain, part of the middlenayan plain. To the east of the river Siesta there is a Moldovan Plateau, in the south-east for the Danube - Plateau Dobrudja, limited to the sharply lowered Black Sea coast. Hydrography. Surface waters. The country's rivers belong to the Danube pool, which proceeds from the west to the east along the border with Bulgaria at a distance of 1075 km. The main tributaries of Prut (716 km), Cyret (598 km), Argers (344 km), Olt (736 km), Timish (383 km), Mures (760 km) and others. There are more than 2 thousand lakes; The largest is the Limans of the Black Sea (Spanver 415 km 2, Sino 171 km 2). Almost all rivers of the country originate in the Carpathian mountains. The groundwater. In a number of structures (Moldavian Plateau, Transylvanian Wpadina, Carpathian Orogen) are developed groundwater, which serve as the main source of water supply. Water bioresources. Rivers are rich in fish: pike, custody, salmon, perch, eel, carp. In the mountain rivers are found Trout and Harius. In the Lower Danube and in the waters of the delta there are about 150 species of fish, of which 30 are found only in the delta. Vegetation. Below 600 M forests are replaced by a high-string zone (semi-suction zone), which borders with a low-flow zone (steppe) extending along the Danube and spread north to Moldova and south to Dobrudju. The Nizhnya Plain and Plateau Dobrudzha previously covered the steppes, which are now completely rapid. Summer vegetation prevails on Moldovan elevation. On highlands (more than 1500 m) - subalpine meadows. Forest resources. Forests occupy 1/3 of the country. More than 1/4 wooded area is occupied by valuable coniferous forests, among which fir and firing are dominated. In the foothills (up to 500 m), oaks and beech are growing; In the Carpathians (up to 1200-1400 m) - beech, above - fir and fir forests. The coniferous forests are located in the upper zone of the mountains at 600-1800 m, below lies the zone of beech forests, and in the lower zone there are forests from oak, hurt, birch. Soil. Chernozem soils predominate on lowlands; In the foothill and hilly areas in the place of the deciduous deciduous forests - brown forests, above, in the forest zone, the low-grade mining and forest soils are common, according to the valleys of rivers - alluvial and marsh peat. The soil of mountain areas lowland and strongly alkaline, excluding transylvania, where there are rich blacks. In the lowlands, fertile soils, close in its composition to the black mill, are the basis of arable land, accounting for about 44% of the territory of the country. Agriculture. Mountain areas are only suitable for pasture cattle breeding; Hills and Plateau are favorable for all types of agriculture; The lowlands are most suitable for growing grain crops. The cultivated land covers 43.5% of the country's territory, pastures - 21%. Vineyards are located mainly on the Transylvanian plateau, in the foothills of Karpat and Dobrudge. Fruit gardens are mainly in the southern foothills of the Carpathians, at the Dobrudja Plateau and in Danube Delta. The main districts of animal husbandry are the southern foothills of the Carpathians, the southwestern part of the Transylvanian plateau and the northern part of the Carpathian mountains. Sheepadercy is developed in the south-east, and pig breeding - in the south (from a banat to Bucharest). Livestock. Poultry farming, cattle breeding, sheep, pig breeding. Crop production. Grow wheat, rice, rye, barley, corn, rape, soy, sugar, sunflower, potatoes, plums, apples, pears, cherry, apricots, grapes.

Regions Romania

Judz Bihor.
Located in the Transylvania region.

Information sources:

  1. Directory "World Countries". "Slavic House of Books", Moscow, 2004

Romania is considered an agrarian-industrial country, which is different (compared to other members of the European Commonwealth) lower levels of economy. However, compared to many countries of the former Socialist camp, Romania went far from their poor economic past period of Ceausescu.

At the moment, Romania's economy is considered to be 11 countries in the size of the gross domestic product per capita in the EU countries, while Romania's GDP level does not reach up to half of the Middle European and fluctuates at 46%.

But such indicators testify to the Romanian breakthrough, if we recall what a poor power was this country at sunset of the Socialism era in 1989. In the seventies of the last century, Romania significantly exhausted oil reserves on its territory and began to occupy finances from the Western powers. Oil in Romania was previously the main sources of income, so the external debt rapidly grew up, and here, Ceausescu, in the early 80s of the twentieth century, orders to stop loans and start debugs at any cost.

The country plunged into the hard savings mode, there was almost no electricity, there was a food crisis, even the cards for food appeared, while the personal border of the ruler itself was only increasing and fluffed. All this led not only to the outflow of Hungarians and the Germans, who lived in Romania in Transylvania, but also to the socio-political explosion, which ended with the 1989 revolution. By the way, for each German who traveled abroad, Ceausescu demanded 5 thousand francs from Germany, many compared it from the slave trade. Ceausescu gave a huge external debt, but the people could no longer live beyond poverty. The revolution that happened, though the velvet was named, but during the days the coup was 1040 people died, and the dictator himself was executed.

So, Romania began to build a new power, while the construction went and is not always easy, according to experts, up to a quarter of the population of Romania so far on the verge of Nishchensky existence, but gradually well-being improved, despite the general economic crisis in the world. At the same time, the standard of living Romanian changes, depending on the belonging to various regions. The highest level of GDP is observed in Bucharest, which is quite explained, as in the capital and passes the cycle of the greatest amount of money Romania.

Industry, enterprises Romania, banks

The industry of Romania is closely related to the oil and gas industries. Gasoline in Romania is quite democratic for the price, if you compare with neighboring countries that do not have oil, and the cost of liters does not exceed fifty cents. The deposits of natural gas are located at the footage of the Carpathians, as well as on the Transylvanian plateau. Boxites, coal, manganese ore are mined in Romania.

The processing industry is closely related to the processing, so in the cities of Brasov, the plants and others are oil refineries, and shipbuilding plants are located near the Danube delta. On the Danube and the Black Sea are also the main ports of Romania (Sulin, Constanta).

Most of the inner gross product accounted for the scope of services, but about 20.5% of GDP occupy a business sphere (banks of Romania). The tourist industry continues to develop, so on hotels, restaurants, transportation accounts for about 18% of GDP. But this figure is not final and constantly modified towards the increase. Other spheres, including enterprises, closely related to folk crafts occupy about 21.7%. Exports of Romania are products of textile industry, mechanical engineering, metallurgy products.

Romania's monetary unit continues to remain stable, it supports the European Commonwealth in many ways. Romania's currency is a fairly interesting monetary mark, made on special technology, with a high degree of protection, which allows it not to reveal, practically not to rush and remain in prior one for a long time. It was changed to a modern view in 2005 as a result of reform, which made it possible to denounce the bloated monetary unit of the country 10 thousand times.

The Dacia car in Romania enjoys fame, the automobile production of the same name since 1998 became part of Renault. In 2005, the model range and auto Dacia (giving) was updated in Romania to enjoy increased demand. Many of the soul these modern sedans are quite a deocratic price.

There is a high level of unemployment in the country - 47%, which indicates the insufficient use of domestic reserves for the development of the country's economy.

Agriculture Romania

Arable land is 70% busy with wheat and corn crops, which are the main cereal crops of the country. Also Romanians everywhere fell potatoes, sunflower, sugar beet. Transylvania and the Carpathians are famous for their amorrant vineyards, and the fruit garden generously spread at the foot of the Carpathians. Pears, apple trees, delicious plums grow on joy to local residents. Popular in Romania cattle breeding, in particular sheep breeding is more developed in the south-east, and growing pigs - in southern Romania.

Romania continues to hold a clear balance, while remaining a country where industry and agriculture has a good. This allows you to provide yourself with good and inexpensive food, as well as use the benefits of industrial enterprises. Membership in the European Union also gives many bonuses with which the country is beneficial.

What does Romania associate with Romania with? With Transylvania and Vampires, with the Count Dracula. With furniture, which was so popular on the expanses of the Soviet Union. With Gypsies, and therefore a little bitted, cunning people. With anything, but not with a strong economy. There is such a stereotype: Romania - the country is extremely poor, with an undeveloped agrarian economy. Perhaps, 20 years ago, this thesis could be considered for the truth, but is the economy of Romania really in such a deplorable state? Let's try to figure out.

Brief summary of the country

Romania is a state with the capital in the city of Bucharest, located in Eastern Europe, in the Balkans. At its territory in 238 thousand km 2 lives 19.5 million people, of which 90% are Romanians. About 87% of the population are Orthodox. The entire territory of the country is divided into 42 administrative units. Romania borders with Moldova and Ukraine in northeastern, with Hungary and Serbia - in the West, Bulgaria - in the south. The country also has access to the Black Sea.

This unitary state, at the head of which is the president (Claus Johannis since 2014). Legislative power is carried out by a two-bearet parliament. Romania's economy is considered industrial-agrarian, although recently there has been a tendency to increase the share of the services sector. The currency serves Romanian lei (1 dollar equals approximately 4 lei). The country is distinguished by the high index of human development - 0.81, thereby occupying the 50th place in the world.

Excursion to the history of economic development

The state has become independent in 1878. Since then, the economy of Romania walked on a fairly successful way to the Second World War. Especially productive for the Romanian economy was a break between two wars. After the First World War, a successful agricultural reform was carried out in the country, which by 1934 allowed Romania to become one of the main food suppliers, especially grain, to European countries. Stable economic growth was facilitated by the sale of Europe in large quantities: more than 7 million tons in 1937. By 1938, industrial production increased compared with 1923 by two times. Economic growth ended in Romania when the Second World War began. Many industrial and agricultural centers of the country were destroyed during bombing.

Since 1950, the process of industrialization has begun, which by 1960 increased by 40 times increased the volume of industrial production. At the same time, hydroelectric power plants are built, various industries and production facilities. In the 1970s The country's economic growth continues. On the Black Sea coast, resort centers are formed, calculated, mainly on the foreign consumer. They could acquire scarce products produced in Western Europe or USA. The economy and standard of living in Romania at this time rapidly grow. Also, oil production volumes were also active, oil refineries developed. At the same time, the country is faced with a certain kind of problems, for example, such as fluctuations in oil prices and lack of markets for products manufactured.

The 1980s were marked for the economy of Romania with serious problems. The exhaustion of oil reserves and the obligation of early loan payments forced the government in the face of N. Ceausescu to switch to the designation of unpopular measures and tough economies. So, in Romania, grocery cards were introduced, limit on the use of electricity, all produced goods began to go for export. Hard measures really helped pay to external debts, but the country by the end of the 1980s. was on the verge of an economic collapse. In 1989, the president was overthrown, and the new government began to rebuild Romania's economy with team on market rails.

Main economic indicators

As of 2017, the total GDP of Romania is 210 billion dollars. This is the 11th place in the European Union. GDP is per capita, compared to other EU countries, quite small and only 9.5 thousand dollars (about half of the pan-European). Romanian GDP growth rates are impressive: in 2017 it grew by 5.6%, which allows the Romanian economy to be called one of the fastest growing in the EU. The economy of Romania after joining the EU was able to fully stabilize. This was also facilitated by economic reforms of the early 2000s. So, in 2007, Romania was symbolically dubbed the "Balkan Tigr", having conducted an analogy of a rapid jump with an increase in economic growth.

The country has a very low level of inflation (1.1%) and unemployment (as of 2018, only 4.3%). However, despite the high level of employment of the population, about 23% of Romanians are below the poverty line. The reason for this is the low salaries - about 320 euros per month (throughout the EU below the salaries only in Bulgaria). The Gini coefficient is 0.36 units, which indicates a more or less equal distribution of income between citizens of the country. The outer debt of Romania is not large and is 39% of GDP.

Romania stands on the 40th place in the world in terms of export and import. In 2016, the country exported products in almost 65 billion dollars. The main export articles are: auto parts, automotive products and tires, wheat, isolated copper wire. The largest share of exports went to Germany (13 billion dollars), Italy and France (7 and 4.3 billion dollars, respectively).

Romania imported goods in 2016 in the amount of 72 billion dollars, that is, the country purchased 7 billion more than it was selling. This indicates a negative balance of trade balance. Purchases the country for the most part auto parts (by $ 3 billion), medicines (2.5 billion dollars), cars and untreated oil (2 billion dollars). The main trading partners of Romania are Germany, Italy and France.

Romania Agriculture and Industry

For the country, the production industry was extremely important in the first stages of its development. For a long time, almost the only product that was exported was oil. Romania in the XX century was mostly the mining and manufacturing industry. In the country to this day, precious metals, ores, oil and gas are mined. However, the mined gas is not enough even to meet their own needs, and oil in depths remained quite small (no more than 80 million tons). Therefore, the Romanian industry at the moment represents mechanical engineering. Dacia is the most influential car manufacturer in the country since 1966, 4.5 billion euros in the Romanian economy annually.

Agriculture in Romania is represented by plantations of corn and wheat - they sowed about 70% of the entire arable land. Potatoes are also grown, beet. In the Carpathians, such fruits are grown: pears, apples, plums. Near the mountains and in transylvania there are also many grape plantations. Cattle breeding in the country is presented for the most part of the breeding of sheep and pigs. The agrarian sector completely successfully copes with products to products among the Romanian population.

Economic difficulties Romania

One of the most important problems facing the Romanian economy is a high level of corruption. According to the investigations of the Council of Europe, the fight against it is slow and not particularly effectively. Corruption is also associated with public discontent. In Romania, the people massively oppose the state of affairs in the country. This could be seen on the example of protests that broke out in 2017-2018. In connection with the relaxation in anti-corruption legislation.

Romania also suffers from logistical problems. In the country there are very bad iron and highways that occupy 128 place in the world ranking from 138. The situation is alarming and external debt. Despite the fact that it is rather small, its growth rates are only increasing.

General conclusion

In summary of the economy of Romania, it can be said that, having passed a long and thorny path of development and diversification, now it is quite successful. Naturally, the European salaries and living standards still need to grow, but this growth is really visible. Beneficially influenced the Romanian Economy entry into the EU, which opened the Eastern State a common market and helps the region financially, financially. It grows in a huge pace, faster than any other country of the European Union. Export and import volumes increase. Industry and agriculture develops. Gradually, Romania ceases to play the role of only energy supplier to Western Europe.

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