Anchor - how to apply it best and recommendations for the selection of fasteners (85 photos). Anchor bolts for concrete: types, dimensions, installation Fasteners for hollow materials
In order to ensure high reliability of the connection using an anchor bolt, it is important not only to choose the right size and type of construction, but also to know how to properly fasten such a product.
There is a wide variety of anchor bolts that differ in their device and principle of operation, so it is important to know how to fix an anchor of one type or another.
An anchor bolt of a classic design provides a reliable connection not only due to the forces of friction of its outer surface with the walls of the mounting hole, but also due to the fact that its expansion sleeve increases in diameter when a threaded element is screwed into it. The reliability of the installation of such a fastener is also influenced by the strength characteristics of the material of the building structure, which should also be taken into account.
For all considered fasteners, the drill for making the mounting hole is selected according to the diameter of the anchor, with the exception of impact-type anchor bolts.
with nut
The structural elements of this type of anchor bolt are:
- threaded stud, one end of which is made in the form of a cone, and a nut is screwed on the other;
- a spacer sleeve wound onto a hairpin (its lower end has longitudinal slots on the side surface, which form peculiar petals).
Reliable fixation of such a fastening element is provided due to the fact that the petals of the spacer sleeve are unclenched, which occurs when they are exposed to the conical end of the pin. In order for the tapered end of such a bolt to begin to enter the sleeve and unclench its petals, a nut is used.
An anchor bolt with a nut is fixed in the foundation or any other building structure made of concrete, performing the following steps:
- a hole is drilled, the diameter of which must correspond to the size of the cross-section of the spacer sleeve;
- thoroughly clean the landing hole;
- carefully hammered with a hammer;
- by tightening the nut, the anchor is securely fastened.
After the installation of the anchor bolt is completed, you can twist the nut from the top of the stud and proceed with the installation of the required item.
When choosing products of this type, it should be borne in mind that they demonstrate their effectiveness only if they are fixed in durable and full-bodied materials (concrete, brick, natural stone, etc.). Manufacturers, in order to ensure high reliability and corrosion resistance of such products, make them from high-quality zinc-coated steel.
An improved model of an anchor bolt of this type is a two-space anchor, which, due to the design features, can be successfully fixed not only in durable concrete, but also in hollow and porous materials. In such a bolt, there are two bushings at once, which are unclenched in the process of tightening the threaded element, creating a more reliable fastening in the wall or foundation.
Wedge
An anchor of this type, whose expansion or wedge sleeve has a shortened length, is also a modification of a fastener with a nut. The wedge element that expands such a bushing is the reverse end of the threaded part of the bolt, which has a conical shape.
The big advantage of using them is that for their reliable fastening there is no need to maintain the exact diameter of the mounting hole, moreover, it can not be cleaned from building dust. Such a bolt is fixed in the mounting hole, and its expansion element is unclenched by tightening the nut.
Hex head
The threaded part of such a fastener is a classic bolt, the reverse end of which also has a conical shape. Screwing into the spacer sleeve, such a bolt expands it with its tapered shank, ensuring reliable fastening of the product in the wall or foundation.
Such an anchor should be fixed by inserting and carefully hammering it into a previously prepared and cleaned hole. Then you need to securely fasten the bolt by tightening its hex head.
Bolts of this type, instead of a hexagonal head, which may have a hook or ring, are used to perform installation work on concrete, stone and other building materials with a dense internal structure.
Drums
Anchor bolts of this type consist of:
- a hollow metal rod, on the upper part of which there is a thread for the fixing nut, and the lower part is a spacer sleeve with longitudinal slots on the side surface;
- a percussion element (nail), which, when hammered into a hollow rod, just ensures the expansion of its lower part;
- nuts and washers, which are needed only to fasten the required item with such a bolt.
Thus, in order to properly and reliably fix such a bolt in a wall or other building structure, it is necessary not only to insert it into the mounting hole, but also to drive a percussion element into it, which will open the petals of the spacer coupling.
Taking into account the fact that significant shock loads occur during the installation of such a bolt, it is not recommended to fasten it in porous and fragile materials.
Four-segment
The design of such an anchor bolt does not provide for a wedge part, and the expansion of the spacer sleeve, divided by longitudinal slots into four segments, occurs when the bolt is screwed in, which moves the tetrahedral element in its internal cavity. Four petals, which are formed by slots on the side surface of the spacer, are initially compressed and form the conical tip of such a bolt. When the bolt is screwed in, which moves the threaded square element inside the spacer, the segments expand, which allows the anchor to be securely fastened in the bore.
The petals of such a product open wide enough and this happens very carefully. That is why it can be fixed in porous and even hollow materials. As a threaded element, which is not usually supplied with such an anchor product, a bolt with a conventional hex head or a bolt, the top of which is crowned with a ring or hook, can be used.
driven
A drive-in anchor is the simplest anchor-type fastener, the design of which consists of a spacer sleeve with an internal conical hole. To install this at the required point of the building structure, it must be hammered into the mounting hole, and then a threaded element is screwed into it, which will ensure the opening of the bushing petals.
The material for the manufacture of such fasteners, the process of proper installation of which can be viewed on the video, can be galvanized steel or brass.
To ensure reliable fixation of various objects and structures on concrete surfaces, fasteners such as anchors for concrete are capable of. The problem of attaching various objects to concrete is quite relevant both in the field of capital construction and in the field of repairs carried out by the owners of real estate themselves.
Anchors for concrete are able to provide reliable fastening of any structure.
Such difficulties do not arise if the fastener must be fixed in a softer material - wood or plastic. If we are talking about concrete - a material characterized by high hardness and, accordingly, brittleness, then it is necessary to use special fasteners, which, in particular, include anchor-type bolts.
What is an anchor: a general concept
The word "anchor" means a fastener used to fix various objects on structures made of solid solid materials - concrete, building bricks, natural stone, etc. To install such fasteners, you should prepare a hole with the appropriate dimensions, in which the anchor type bolt will be placed . The high holding capacity of a bolt placed in such a hole can be achieved by:
- friction forces ();
- bonding abilities of a special composition ();
- a special thrust element interacting with the inner walls of the hole.
The most popular anchor is a fastener, which, due to its design features, wedged inside the hole, thereby ensuring high reliability of the connection being created. The surface of such bolts, made of carbon steel, is coated with a zinc composition, which eliminates the risk of corrosion and development.
Dimensions of anchor bolts for concrete
Installation of anchor-type bolts can be carried out in various designs, the material of which must be of sufficiently high strength. These include, in particular:
- concrete foundations;
- walls and partitions made of concrete and brick;
- floor slabs, which are usually made of concrete.
Objects and structural elements that are fastened with such bolts are usually:
- beams from metal-roll of various types;
- elements of suspended ceiling structures;
- lamps and chandeliers;
- wooden beam used for the installation of floor and ceiling coverings;
- elements of stair structures;
- load-bearing structures with large weight and dimensions.
As mentioned above, fixing an anchor-type bolt inside a pre-prepared hole can be achieved in two main ways:
- by wedging the spacer inside the hole;
- due to a special adhesive composition that binds the bolt and the inner walls of the hole (chemical anchor).
There are requirements for holes in the fastened part that must not exceed the values given in the table. Large gaps can be filled with mortar
Mechanical anchor bolts for concrete
The most common types of anchor bolts are mechanical fasteners.
driven
One of these products is a drive-in anchor, inside the expansion sleeve of which there is a thread. This anchor, designed for concrete and other dense and hard materials, is unclenched in the hole by a special device, after which the fastener itself is screwed into it.
Spacers
Expansion anchors for concrete and other building materials are also widely used on the modern market. In the design of such anchor fasteners, which can withstand very significant loads, there is a special wedge, which is responsible for expanding the expansion sleeve. Using such anchors, it is possible to ensure reliable fixation of even heavy objects on the concrete surface - metal gates, overall equipment, etc. Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that the fastening reliability provided by such an anchor for concrete work largely depends on the strength characteristics structure in which it is installed.
One of the representatives of this family of fasteners is. Bolts of this kind are used for mounting windows and doors. The expansion sleeve of frame anchors has two wedging zones: at the bolt head and in the body of the bearing base.
In double-spaced concrete anchors, as their name implies, two expansion sleeves are provided at the same time. Due to this, anchors of this type provide a more reliable grip, which allows them to be used for mounting objects with a significant mass.
Wedge
The wedge-type anchor for concrete, which was mentioned above, can have two design options. In the first case, a hammer and a special center punch are used to wedged the inner sleeve of such an anchor. After wedging the sleeve, such an additional device is removed from the inside of the anchor and a fixing bolt or stud is screwed into it.
Installation in other types of concrete is somewhat easier. Their main element is a threaded stud, one end of which is cone-shaped. When tightening the nut, which rests on the surface of the structure into which such fasteners are installed, its conical part expands the spacer sleeve, ensuring its reliable fixation in a pre-prepared hole. In some models of anchor fasteners of this type, the outer surface of the spacer has teeth that provide better adhesion of this element to the inner walls of the hole.
The rod anchor, which also belongs to the wedge type, differs from the usual one in increased dimensions (bolt length). By means of such an anchor, the installation of multilayer systems with a significant thickness is carried out.
The choice of the type of anchor is made, focusing not only on its dimensions, which are stipulated by GOST, but also on the type of fastening that must be performed with it. It is also important to calculate the load that will fall on the concrete anchor. When performing this calculation, it should be borne in mind that the load on the fastener should not exceed 25% of that indicated by GOST.
Chemical anchor bolts for concrete
A fastener of this type is an anchor screw for concrete, the fixation of which in the hole is ensured by a special adhesive composition. The adhesive composition, with which chemical anchors are fixed, is poured into a pre-made and carefully cleaned hole for two thirds of its length. An anchor bolt of the appropriate size is installed in the hole with glue. After the adhesive composition has completely solidified, the required item is fastened.
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Design
The combined flexible connection consists of the following elements:
- L-shaped tip (coupling) made of stainless steel;
- basalt-plastic rod with a continuous sandy coating.
To fix the heat-insulating layer in the wall structure with a ventilated gap, a plastic retainer is used (supplied separately).
Specifications
| Flexible connection length | from 165 to 365 mm |
| Rod diameter | 5 or 7 mm |
| Coupling length with flexible connection (anchoring depth) |
20 mm |
| L-tip hole diameter | 7 mm |
| Tensile strength of the rod, not less than | 1000 MPa |
| Bending strength of the rod, not less than | 1000 MPa |
| The force of tearing out the connection from the building base | Depends on fastener |
Country construction today: an anchor for a tree
Our online store presents a professional assortment of modern construction fasteners, which are of high quality and reliability, so that today everyone can quickly and without difficulty - thanks to the detailed descriptions and photos posted in the relevant sections, as well as expert advice from on-duty managers - to choose the most suitable for the implementation of a specific project in terms of construction (repair or decoration). Products widely demanded in the North-West market, in particular, wood anchors, are popular primarily due to their strength and traditional manufacturing materials, as well as due to a simple, but extremely effective device that provides reliable fastening of wooden building structures, including , to the brickwork.
Anchor for wood, buy on the most favorable terms with delivery in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region, is indispensable in the construction of low-rise residential buildings (structures) using the so-called "frame" technology, which is very popular today among those who decide to live and / or relax in the countryside, away from the, to put it mildly, "unhealthy" atmosphere of a noisy metropolis. When creating durable and attractive cottages, wood is chosen as the material for load-bearing walls, and the design can be anything - from the classic country style to original author's solutions. Due to the unique ability to "breathe", the tree creates a comfortable, cozy and healthy microclimate inside the premises, and also allows the owner to significantly save energy, which, in the case of construction from artificial composite materials - for example, aerated concrete or silicate brick - will be used for heating in the cold season and air conditioning to warm.
To ensure reliable protection of the building (structure) from the weather, which is important for the capricious climate of the North-West region, characterized by high precipitation, low and often unexpectedly changing temperatures, strong winds, as well as mechanical impacts, ceramic bricks are used: an anchor for wood, price more than democratic is installed on the fasteners, it will create a reliable and durable connection between the base and the cladding. Interestingly, in this way, old houses are often effectively and relatively inexpensively renovated (expanded, strengthened, etc.). Buying a wood anchor is a good solution for a variety of building materials made of wood, including rounded logs and board materials made of wood, plywood and wooden beams; a wide range of sizes makes it possible to choose an optimal length wood anchor in accordance with the parameters of a particular load-bearing wooden wall.
Wood Anchor: Modern "Special Purpose" Construction Fasteners
Relatively inexpensive wood anchors, purchased online in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region with delivery, today are made from high-quality stainless steel, which is characterized by high corrosion resistance and strength. As a rule, the spacer-connecting element (also known as an anchor) for wood is equipped with a thread at one end, which allows mounting without pre-drilling using a special adapter, and the opposite end of this fastener has a complex geometry, due to which the wood anchor for a long time is firmly held in the masonry joint, reliably fixing the facing layer of ceramic bricks on the supporting wooden structure.
As for the number of fasteners that are widely demanded, it is recommended to use 6 to 8 wood anchors per square meter so that the final building structure is durable and stable. If the project provides for the creation of a ventilation space between the front brickwork and the insulation layer, then it is necessary to complete the anchor with special plastic clamps that are easily fixed to the spacer-connecting element and firmly fix the insulation (for example, basalt slab) at a given distance from ceramic bricks. As practice shows, such a gap ensures optimal removal of excess moisture from the surface of the heat-insulating layer during the entire operational life of the building (structure).
What is an anchor: general information
In general, it is customary to call an anchor a fastener that can withstand significant loads and is made of galvanized metal for fixing heavy monolithic (solid) building structures (also products or equipment) in such solid bases as wood (concrete, brick, natural stone); the word itself came from the German language and in translation means, of course, “anchor”. The element is held in the material by a stop or friction, and the reliability of fastening is ensured by spreading the anchor in the working hole using a special device: it can be a wedge or a nut, a screw or a bolt. To date, experts distinguish several varieties of anchors - not only by design or material of manufacture, but also by purpose.
Anchor for wood, which can now be bought quickly and easily on a site with intuitive navigation, provides optimal pairing of individual structures (load-bearing wooden walls, a layer of insulation, if any, an external protective and decorative layer of ceramic bricks) during construction on a widely used "frame » method, as well as using any locally popular natural wood building materials - both modern and traditional. Without exception, all presented fasteners are supplied with certificates confirming compliance with state quality standards provided by a responsible manufacturer.
For the use of various wood compounds in the field of construction, not only tools are indispensable, but also without appropriate experience. That is why for inexperienced craftsmen such connections are not always obtained accurately. One of the best options is for professionals to use a variety of array fasteners that are made of metal.
Many surviving architectural monuments made of wood were built without nails, using only an axe. This fact causes true pleasure to this day. However, centuries later, fasteners erected from metal, used to build solid wood structures, have changed radically, for this very reason it is pointless to repeat the experience of our ancestors today.
It is preferable to erect quickly and without difficulties. Let's talk in more detail about the fasteners offered by manufacturers, taking as an example the details that make it possible to simplify the connection of beams with floor logs or solid wall surfaces as much as possible.
Fasteners with perforation
When beams, as well as logs of the floor surface are hidden in the interior space, it is possible to connect them using beam shoes. This fastener for wood structures is suitable for fixing the array not only to wood, but also to concrete, brickwork. It is made from durable steel.
Manufacturers advise fastening such fasteners to the parts to be joined with special screws, and in case of excessive load, or fixing to stone material, use the holes for the necessary bolts. In addition to anchor shoes, today you can purchase special clamps, and much more.
tenon groove
This galvanized wood fastener consists of a tenon part and a groove part, which are joined together to ensure better transmission of horizontal as well as vertical forces.
The connection can be visible or hidden; for this purpose, steel parts are recessed in advance into special grooves.
Reiki three-dimensional
A modern Italian company produces fasteners that are placed perpendicularly and vertically at an angle, using T-type rails, created by extrusion from a high-strength steel alloy. They are produced in several modifications, provided for multi-level loads.
The fastening system must be selected according to the size range of the cross-sections of the combined beams and the dynamic and static loads acting on them.
During installation, the rack base is attached to the beam by means of self-tapping screws. Then, on the end part, attached to the base of the log beam, a groove is created of the same size as the rack shelf. In the absence of perforation, the shelf is equipped with a lag and the connection is fixed with self-tapping screws.
Hidden details Hedgehog
These connectors are steel washers, the base of which is equipped with holes drilled under the slope. These holes are for self-tapping screws. There is a threaded hole in the center of the washer into which a pin is inserted. Its free end is threaded into a special hole and fastened on the back side of the beam with a part with a washer.
The created connection works perfectly not only for pulling, but also for shearing. With excessive load in the area of \u200b\u200bthe end part of the log, it is possible to install several elements at the same time.
Fasteners with complex thread
Unusual self-tapping screws, which make it possible to save time, money, since this option does not require metal parts. The self-tapping screws are threaded to help create a high degree of pull-out resistance, as well as being tightly screwed into an array that completely changes their traditional function.
In this case, the work of the screws is exclusively for pulling out, which gives them the opportunity to take most of the effort that falls on the connection. So, you can fasten elements at an angle, combine parts, minimizing their deflection, as in the photo of wood fasteners below.
Self-tapping screws for special purposes
Using such elements, rather massive wooden products are fastened. The hat has milled ribs and is easily recessed into the product, while the tip is created like a drill. In the middle of the screw, the cutter makes a larger hole, helping to pull the element as tightly as possible.
Self-tapping self-tapping screw will be useful for fastening door frames, window openings, solid wood sheathing to wood, metal. The self-tapping screw is screwed directly into the box, as well as the wall surface located behind it, or a power part.
The self-tapping screw acts as a weather vane for high-quality fastening of solid wood sheathing to a base made of steel. It has a tip in the form of a drill and wings placed above it to expand the hole in the tree.
When drilling metal products, the wings break. As a result, having made a thread in a metal part, the self-tapping screw fits snugly against it, while the element from the array is attracted to the metal by the cap.
Photo of wooden fasteners
When building a house or renovating an apartment, it often becomes necessary to fix some heavy objects, be it a water heater for a bathroom, a wall bar in a children's room or a cupboard. And at the same time, a margin of safety is needed.
Ordinary dowels with plastic spacers can not always help in this matter, “heavy artillery” is needed here - these are anchors.
Anchor ("anchor" from the German language) - a bolt with a thread and a nut, the spacer part is also included in the kit, such fasteners are designed for attaching weighty structures. From the photographs, you can understand the features of the anchors, as well as their scope.
The history of the development of this fastener dates back to 1973, when the German Council of Experts began to work on the calculation of permissible anchor fasteners. And in 1998, a regulation was issued for the use of metal anchors in concrete ETAG 001.
In addition to solving household repair issues, anchor bolts are used in the construction industry, in connection with this there are many varieties of anchors, from simple ones - created for fixed structures, to specific ones - solving issues of constant pressure and bending on the fastener.
Advantages and disadvantages of anchor connections
The disadvantages include:
- Expensive cost;
- You need a lot of installation tools (punch, hammer, screwdriver, wrench);
Advantages:
- Increased margin of safety;
- Long service life;
- Increased security.
An important characteristic of anchors is the material of manufacture. Only high-quality structural steel is used to make anchors or strong aluminum-based alloys.
The material used for the manufacture of anchors must withstand loads and deformations. In addition, corrosion resistance is an important quality, because anchor connections serve for decades, therefore, brass, aluminum and stainless steel are used, which do not rust.
When installing anchors in wet rooms, choose them with a thicker galvanized layer.
Types of fastening anchors
Based on the nature of the fastened materials, the connection method is selected.
Chemical anchors
They combine the advantages of fasteners made of plastic and metal. Mechanism of action: chemical fast curing agents stick together, filling the entire area between the steel anchor and the base, thereby ensuring the strength and durability of the entire assembly.
Mechanical anchors
The assembly is held in place by opening a metal sleeve in the base material, thereby providing durable fastener performance.
Anchors for concrete structures
Anchors for hollow materials are the most elementary in terms of design features. They are held due to the adhesion of the sleeve with a hole in the wall or brick.
Drive-in anchors
Drive-in anchors are used in durable non-porous materials, they are hollow cylinders with a corrugated outer surface. When installing, they are driven in with a hammer into the prepared holes.
Inside the collet there is a thread into which fasteners with the corresponding thread are screwed. These anchors are made of steel and brass.
Wedge anchors
Wedge anchors are also designed for dense structures (concrete) and are fixed using the original moving wedge, which, when advanced, opens the bushing petals when the fasteners are tightened with a wrench. They are used for attaching medium-weight structures to walls.
expansion anchors
Expanding anchors are more often used for fastening heavy structures (metal doors). These are metal cylindrical bushings with grooves on the body. When tightening the nut with a wrench, the sleeve expands over the entire surface, and leans closely against the base material.
The advantage of these anchors is the ability to withstand heavy loads in the perpendicular and longitudinal direction.
Anchor adjustable in length
Anchor adjustable in length - this mechanism is used in the manufacture of wooden structures subject to shrinkage. Such fasteners are made of two plates, called support and reciprocal, they have holes for attaching to wooden elements.
An important point when installing an adjustable anchor is to match the size of the counter plate to the saw cut of a wooden beam. And as a rule, all positions where the anchors will be located are determined at the design stage.
Fasteners for hollow materials
Double-spaced anchors are metal products consisting of steel bushings put on a stud. When tightening the nut on the outside, the bushings inside diverge, the sleeve is deformed over the entire surface, because the bushings diverge in different spacer zones, which ensures reliable fixation in the wall; anchors of this type are almost impossible to remove after installation.
Anchors "Butterflies" with a spreading mechanism are suitable for light structures, they fasten interior details (pictures, sconces, shelves) to flat materials no thinner than 10 mm (drywall, chipboard, plywood).
The “wings” of the anchor open and are tightly fixed on the reverse side of the material. The reliability of the knot depends on the base into which the anchor is screwed.
When choosing anchor products, it is necessary to take into account: the characteristics of the material of both the anchor and the base surface, the weight of the fixed equipment, installation principles and, of course, stock up on the necessary tools.
Anchor photo
