What is a gas mask - everyone knows. What it is for is also not a secret. And, despite the fact that at the present, relatively peaceful time, the population is not subject to mass infections and attacks of chemical and bacteriological weapons, gas masks are in great demand - the risk of getting into an emergency always remains. And if people whose profession implies at least the skills of working with this personal protective equipment can easily cope with its use, then the ordinary civilian population very often has a number of, including naive, questions about gas masks.

In order to expand the understanding of the ordinary population about what a gas mask is and how to handle it, representatives of one of the largest companies for the production of personal respiratory protection equipment Briz-Kama LLC gave answers to a number of popular questions asked not only by their customers, but also people who have never seen a gas mask in person.

1. Is there a universal gas mask?

This is probably one of the most popular questions from people who have never used a gas mask. There are even cases when, not having a clear idea of ​​the scope of its application, people ask themselves the question: "Which gas mask will always help?" and are persistently looking for universal gas masks. Universal in their understanding is a gas mask that will suit anyone and protect against everything.

For the civilian population, only filtering gas masks are intended, which are quite easy to use and affordable. Such devices are equipped with a filter element designed to protect only against a specific type of substance. In addition, this device only cleans the air entering the body, therefore, another limitation in its use is the presence of the necessary proportion of oxygen in the contaminated atmosphere. It is clear that it is necessary to choose this kind of gas mask exclusively within the scope of the purpose of the filter element.

The more or less universal type includes insulating gas masks that do not interact with the environment and work with any composition and concentration of hazardous substances in the air. However, such devices are not intended for the civilian population, since require special training before using them and in the event of a sudden accident or during an emergency evacuation, an untrained person simply cannot use it.

2. What does the gas mask NOT protect from?

A filtering gas mask that does not have the ability to enrich the air with oxygen will be absolutely useless in conditions of insufficient oxygen for the human body (less than 17%). Also, the composition of standard filters does not provide protection against organic gases, including carbon monoxide. Therefore, it is always important to pay special attention to the composition of the filter elements and, if necessary, purchase additional filters aimed at more extensive protection.

In addition, you should be very careful about the correct use of a gas mask. Since any mistake in its use - for example, a violation of the tightness of the front part, the use of a gas mask with a defective filter or any other element, can lead to disastrous consequences.

The release of carbon monoxide in a fire is more dangerous than an open fire. The standard filtering gas mask is equipped with filters that protect against many types of toxic substances, but is not able to filter the air from carbon monoxide, so it is useless in case of fire.

Additional filter elements are available to protect against carbon monoxide and must be purchased separately. But since most often their action is aimed at filtering the air only from carbon monoxide, and they do not protect against other combustion products, then it is worth using such filters in conjunction with the standard ones included in the basic gas mask kit.

4. Is it possible to suffocate in a gas mask?

You can suffocate without a gas mask. The device itself does not pose a direct threat, but there are very important nuances that should be considered before starting to use a gas mask.

First, if the rules for its use are not followed, a lethal outcome is quite likely due to the penetration of toxic substances into the mask space. For example, if a rubber mask is damaged or if it does not fit tightly to the face, whether it is a filtering or insulating gas mask, the effect of its protective elements becomes useless.

Secondly, in filtering gas masks, the filter action time is always limited, and their use after the declared operating time or after they have been fully worked out also leads to undesirable consequences. Do not forget about the purpose of filters - with an incorrectly selected filter element, the gas mask will also be ineffective.

As for insulating gas masks, work in them can begin strictly after activating the starting device, which releases the first portions of clean air.

In addition, it should be remembered that while working in a gas mask, breathing resistance and pressure on the face are noticeably felt, which noticeably affects the performance and functioning of the whole body. Therefore, you should study all contraindications to the use of this type of device.

5. Is it possible to clean filters in gas masks or refuel oxygen cylinders at home?

All gas mask filters are disposable, because contain an absorbent activated carbon layer and paper membranes that cannot be cleaned. Therefore, after working out, the filter elements must be replaced with new ones.

As for filling oxygen cylinders, such work can only be carried out in specially equipped laboratories, because refueling with oxygen takes place under pressure, and this cannot be done at home.

What is a gas mask - everyone knows. What it is for is also not a secret. And, despite the fact that at the present, relatively peaceful time, the population is not subject to mass infections and attacks of chemical and bacteriological weapons, gas masks are in great demand - the risk of getting into an emergency always remains. And if people whose profession implies at least the skills of working with this personal protective equipment can easily cope with its use, then the ordinary civilian population very often has a number of, including naive, questions about gas masks.

In order to expand the understanding of the ordinary population about what a gas mask is and how to handle it, representatives of one of the largest companies for the production of personal respiratory protection equipment Briz-Kama LLC gave answers to a number of popular questions asked not only by their customers, but also people who have never seen a gas mask in person.

1. Is there a universal gas mask?

This is probably one of the most popular questions from people who have never used a gas mask. There are even cases when, not having a clear idea of ​​the scope of its application, people ask themselves the question: "Which gas mask will always help?" and are persistently looking for universal gas masks. Universal in their understanding is a gas mask that will suit anyone and protect against everything.

For the civilian population, only filtering gas masks are intended, which are quite easy to use and affordable. Such devices are equipped with a filter element designed to protect only against a specific type of substance. In addition, this device only cleans the air entering the body, therefore, another limitation in its use is the presence of the necessary proportion of oxygen in the contaminated atmosphere. It is clear that it is necessary to choose this kind of gas mask exclusively within the scope of the purpose of the filter element.

The more or less universal type includes insulating gas masks that do not interact with the environment and work with any composition and concentration of hazardous substances in the air. However, such devices are not intended for the civilian population, since require special training before using them and in the event of a sudden accident or during an emergency evacuation, an untrained person simply cannot use it.

2. What does the gas mask NOT protect from?

A filtering gas mask that does not have the ability to enrich the air with oxygen will be absolutely useless in conditions of insufficient oxygen for the human body (less than 17%). Also, the composition of standard filters does not provide protection against organic gases, including carbon monoxide. Therefore, it is always important to pay special attention to the composition of the filter elements and, if necessary, purchase additional filters aimed at more extensive protection.

In addition, you should be very careful about the correct use of a gas mask. Since any mistake in its use - for example, a violation of the tightness of the front part, the use of a gas mask with a defective filter or any other element, can lead to disastrous consequences.

3. Will a gas mask help in case of fire?

The release of carbon monoxide in a fire is more dangerous than an open fire. The standard filtering gas mask is equipped with filters that protect against many types of toxic substances, but is not able to filter the air from carbon monoxide, so it is useless in case of fire.

Additional filter elements are available to protect against carbon monoxide and must be purchased separately. But since most often their action is aimed at filtering the air only from carbon monoxide, and they do not protect against other combustion products, then it is worth using such filters in conjunction with the standard ones included in the basic gas mask kit.

4. Is it possible to suffocate in a gas mask?

You can suffocate without a gas mask. The device itself does not pose a direct threat, but there are very important nuances that should be considered before starting to use a gas mask.

First, if the rules for its use are not followed, a lethal outcome is quite likely due to the penetration of toxic substances into the mask space. For example, if a rubber mask is damaged or if it does not fit tightly to the face, whether it is a filtering or insulating gas mask, the effect of its protective elements becomes useless.

Secondly, in filtering gas masks, the filter action time is always limited, and their use after the declared operating time or after they have been fully worked out also leads to undesirable consequences. Do not forget about the purpose of filters - with an incorrectly selected filter element, the gas mask will also be ineffective.

As for insulating gas masks, work in them can begin strictly after activating the starting device, which releases the first portions of clean air.

In addition, it should be remembered that while working in a gas mask, breathing resistance and pressure on the face are noticeably felt, which noticeably affects the performance and functioning of the whole body. Therefore, you should study all contraindications to the use of this type of device.

5. Is it possible to clean filters in gas masks or refuel oxygen cylinders at home?

All gas mask filters are disposable, because contain an absorbent activated carbon layer and paper membranes that cannot be cleaned. Therefore, after working out, the filter elements must be replaced with new ones.

As for filling oxygen cylinders, such work can only be carried out in specially equipped laboratories, because refueling with oxygen takes place under pressure, and this cannot be done at home.

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Filtering gas masks

The filtering gas mask protects the human body from the ingress of toxic substances from the atmosphere by filtering the polluted air. Due to the fact that such gas masks only purify the air from harmful impurities, these devices can be used only if there is at least 17% oxygen in the atmosphere.

Filtering gas mask device

The device of filtering gas masks includes a front part and a filtering-absorbing box.

The face part, or helmet-mask, is made of elastic rubber and, by means of a hermetically sealed fit, ensures the isolation of the respiratory organs, eyes and skin from the harmful external environment. The mask includes the body itself, glasses, inhalation / exhalation valves. Some models can be equipped with an obturator, fairings, an intercom, a system for receiving liquid.

Some modifications of filtering gas masks include a corrugated hose, which serves as a means of connecting the front part and the filter box. These models are used mainly in the military or industrial sectors with extremely hazardous working conditions.

Spectacle assemblies, depending on the model and type of gas mask, can have different design variations: standard location, frontal - for some models of military gas masks, with an increased viewing angle, and instead of shackles there may be panoramic glass.

The valve box of the filtering gas mask contains an inhalation and exhalation valve. With the help of the valve box, the flows of inhaled and exhaled air are distributed - through the inhalation valve, the purified air is directed into the undermask space, and with the exhalation valve, the exhaled air is released into the atmosphere.

Intercoms included in individual models of gas masks are designed to improve the quality of speech while using a gas mask, and a device for receiving liquid allows you to take water from a special flask without removing the device.

Also, the masks of filtering gas masks can be equipped with anti-fog films - to protect the spectacle assemblies from fogging up, or insulating cuffs used at low temperatures in order to prevent glass from freezing.

The filtering-absorbing box is made of aluminum alloys or tin and includes an anti-aerosol filter and charge (activated carbon). The aerosol filter is a dense mesh made of fibrous materials, on the walls of which harmful aerosol particles are retained. An absorbing charge is an activated carbon layer that absorbs hazardous gases and vapors.

All filtering gas masks must be equipped with a gas mask bag, which is necessary for storing and carrying them.

The principle of the filtering gas mask

The filtering absorbing box, which includes an absorbing layer of active carbon and an anti-aerosol filter, is responsible for cleaning the air entering the space under the mask.

To clean the air from gases and vapors, a chemical adsorption process is used, the meaning of which is the absorption of harmful impurities by the surface of a solid (in this case, a charge with a layer of activated carbon is used).

Substances with a high molecular weight and a high boiling point lend themselves well to the adsorption process. For poorly adsorbed elements, it is customary to use processes such as chemisorption (absorption of toxic substances by reacting with chemically active elements) and catalysis (changing the rate of chemical reactions). In the first case, alkaline chemicals are additionally applied to the activated carbon layer, in the second, copper, silver or chromium oxides are added.

The principle of operation of the anti-aerosol filter of the filtering-absorbing box of the gas mask is to retain aerosols or large dust particles on the fibers of the mesh of this filter, which consists of dense layers of fibrous materials.

Purpose of the filtering gas mask

The main purpose of a filtering gas mask is to clean the air from toxic impurities before it enters the human body. Gas masks of this kind are not capable of enriching the air with oxygen, therefore, their use is possible only when the volume of oxygen in the atmosphere is at least 17%. Also, each gas mask filter is designed to protect against specific types of toxic substances, and on this basis, they cannot be used if the composition of harmful impurities is not established or is not known in advance.

Scope of filtering gas masks

Filtering gas masks can be used by both ordinary people and industrial workers to protect against harmful gases, vapors, aerosols in the event of emergencies or accidents with the release of toxic substances into the atmosphere.

Civilian gas masks are designed to protect the population trapped in a hotbed of air contamination with hazardous chemical, radioactive, bacteriological emissions. Used in the event of sudden emergencies with the release of toxic substances, civilian filtering devices do not require prior training for their use, and are more often used when evacuating people from contaminated areas.

Also, filtering gas masks are widely used in industrial sectors whose activities are related to the storage, production or use of substances hazardous to human health in their activities. All such enterprises are equipped with sets of filtering industrial gas masks in case of unforeseen accidents or emergencies.

Combined arms filtering gas masks are used during hostilities or military exercises. Such devices often have a more complex design and are equipped with additional elements.

For schoolchildren and preschool children, special models of filtering devices are used that have a smaller size.

Checking filtering gas masks

Each gas mask needs to be checked before its direct use - both visually and checking for serviceability.

The first step is an external examination of all parts of the gas mask. Having taken the device out of the bag, you need to make sure that all its components are present and intact. The rubber mask should not have punctures, cuts, scratches, spectacle assemblies should be free of cracks and chips, valve, filter boxes should also be free of dents, holes and other damage. Metal parts must be free of corrosion or rust. It is also worth checking the presence of all valves in the valve box, the serviceability of the headband of the helmet-mask, the tightness of the connection of the connecting tube to the front part. The gas mask bag must also be checked for integrity and the presence of all straps, buckles, belt straps, wooden lining.

After you make sure that all parts of the filtering gas mask are present and have no mechanical damage, you need to check the tightness of the front part. To do this, while wearing the mask, you should firmly grip the bottom of the filter box with your palm and try to take a deep breath. With a snug fit of the mask to the face, inhalation will not work. If air nevertheless leaks into the space under the mask, then it is necessary to once again inspect the constituent parts of the gas mask for contamination or any malfunctions. Also, you should pay special attention if the air passes under the mask in the region of the temples - this indicates that the size of the gas mask is incorrectly selected. In this case, use a smaller machine.

More effective checks of filtering gas masks are carried out in specially equipped chambers, or tents, filled with vapors or aerosols of an irritating substance.

How to wear a filter gas mask

Putting on a filtering gas mask occurs at the command "gases", after notification of the occurrence of atmospheric contamination, or upon self-detection of such a hazard.

Putting on a gas mask is done in the following sequence:

1 - close your eyes, hold your breath 2 - if necessary, remove the hat 3 - remove the gas mask from the bag 4 - put on the gas mask, grabbing the lower part of it so that only thumbs remain outside, put the lower part under the chin and pull it with a sharp movement mask on the head 5 - check the tightness of the mask, remove the formed folds (if necessary, repeat the procedure of pulling on the mask) 6 - exhale, open your eyes, restore breathing

If any of the parts of the gas mask is damaged, either the element or the apparatus itself must be replaced. When replacing a filtering gas mask during its operation, it is necessary to prepare a new gas mask for quick putting on, hold your breath and close your eyes, remove the damaged apparatus, quickly put on a new one, open your eyes, and restore breathing. If the connecting tube of the gas mask is damaged, then you must also close your eyes and hold your breath, disconnect the tube of the gas mask, connect the filter directly to the front (to the valve box), open the gas, restore breathing. If damage has formed on the mask, then the breakouts must be firmly pressed with the palm of your hand and not released until leaving the contaminated area. In case of more serious damage to the mask, you need to close your eyes and hold your breath, remove the mask, disconnect the connecting tube from it together with the filter, take the end of the tube into your mouth, pinch your nose with your fingers, breathe through your mouth without opening your eyes. Stay in this state until assistance is provided or leaving the contaminated area.

Storing a filter gas mask

Any gas mask must be protected from any kind of damage. It is not worthwhile to disassemble it unnecessarily, to remove the valves from the box. It is important to protect the filter box from moisture penetration, from dents, to prevent the appearance of rust on metal parts, to protect the intercom diaphragms from dust.

After using the filtering gas mask in the rain, it must be thoroughly dried, as well as the gas mask bag. When using a gas mask in the cold, it is better to carry it under outerwear to avoid deformation of the rubber mask. When moving the device from a cold to a warm room, avoid condensation on the glass by wiping it with a dry cloth. When wiping the front part with a damp cloth, the filter box must be removed so that no moisture gets into it. Exposure to moisture can cause rust and filter malfunction. Filtering gas masks should be stored in a gas mask bag assembled, away from any kind of heating appliances. If the gas mask is to be stored for a long time, then the bottom of the filter box must be closed with a rubber stopper.

In the online store brizmarket.ru you can buy gas masks, as well as separately filters for gas masks or facepieces. We offer our clients the most favorable prices!

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The design and principle of operation of the gas mask device

Since school, every person was at least approximately familiar with a gas mask. The device was first used in 1915 during the hostilities - then one of the opponents used chemical weapons.

Now more than a hundred different variants of models of this protective device have been developed, which have different purposes and differ in their operating time. We will analyze the most popular and modern models of gas masks: how they work, structural features, diagram, composition, differences from each other, purpose.

Purpose and types

Regardless of the model, this device is designed to protect the respiratory system, eyes, skin from radioactive substances, poisonous or bacterial agents.

These dangerous impurities come in the air, in the form of vapor, aerosol or gas. According to the principle of operation, gas masks for the respiratory system are divided into filtering and isolating models.

Filtering gas masks are designed to protect the lungs from incoming harmful impurities by keeping them in special materials.

The latter completely restrict access to the respiratory organs of the surrounding air. The supply of oxygen to the IP-type gas masks is provided with the help of a special cartridge built into it.

Components of filtering models

In this section, we will analyze in detail the device, purpose, principle of operation, types, composition and main parts of the filtering gas mask. The device is not able to saturate the air inhaled by a person with oxygen, therefore, their use is limited in an atmosphere containing at least 17% oxygen.

The main components of the gas mask are the front part and the gas mask box. Both of these parts are interconnected.

Also, the complex for this device includes:

• Gas mask bag.
• Special anti-fog film that prevents perspiration on glasses.
• Membranes for negotiations.
• Cover for gas mask box, knitted, hydrophobic.
• Warm cuffs.

The helmet-mask or, in other words, the front part is made of gray or black rubber. The helmet is represented by the following components:

• body;
• a knot of glasses;
• flowing part;
• valve box;
• device for negotiation.

The gas mask box can purify the air from aerosols and vapors. In the first case, this is done due to the aerosol filter, in the second - due to the carbon-catalyst, which has an absorbing surface.

The gas mask box is a body with a bottom and a special cover. During storage, it is sealed with a rubber stopper and a metal cap, also with a rubber gasket. The body has a cylindrical shape, made of metal.

Warming cuffs are necessary in the cold season to prevent frosting of the spectacle assembly under the influence of low temperatures. The valve box is responsible for air distribution: inhaled / exhaled.

The fairings are in the form of air ducts. Their main purpose is to clean the spectacle assembly using air entering the gas mask.

The negotiation device can have several variations:

• The design does not imply disassembly. Such a mechanism is added to the gas mask at the factory.
• The structure can be disassembled. It is represented by a body, rubber and support ring, membrane, flange, cover.

In the case of a collapsible negotiation device, the protective mask includes additional safety membranes intended for the face of the protective device.

Filter masks are very common, you can stay in them for 12 hours in a row.

The design and principle of operation of the insulating

Now we will analyze the insulating gas mask: its structure, purpose, types, composition, principle of operation, application, where it is used.

The principle of operation of such a device is based on the fact that a person breathes inside the device with purified air prepared in advance. Such a device is provided with a large air reservoir, reminiscent of a diving oxygen cylinder.

It is also equipped with a mask. The rest of its components are presented:

• air regeneration cartridge;
• breathing bag;
• system of pipe connections;
• overpressure valve.

The breathing bag together with the air regeneration cartridge are located in a frame specially designed for them.

The set includes membranes for negotiation, anti-fog films for glasses, cuffs for reinforcement.

Among the insulating gas masks, there are subspecies:

• Gas masks containing compressed oxygen and the same air in capsules.
• Gas masks contain oxygen that is chemically bonded. It begins its activation when carbon dioxide interacts with water.
• Hose. For them, inhalation air is released from a special purified area.

A clear disadvantage of an insulating gas mask is that its use is limited in time: it is applied no more than three hours. Another disadvantage: it is rather difficult to move with it, together with the cylinder and all the additional ammunition, it weighs more than one kilogram by weight.

What to look for before using

Immediately before using personal protective equipment (PPE), it is necessary to thoroughly check the integrity of the components of the gas mask, their functional suitability.

The check begins with an external examination of the gas mask:

The use of someone else's protective equipment, their use without prior technical control is prohibited.

Naturally, each of the gas masks we have considered has its own advantages and disadvantages: it all depends on the purpose of their use. For any person, it should be a priority to gain knowledge about the device of a gas mask and the principle of its protective action, the purpose and procedure for use, because someday the information will be useful in critical situations and will help save your health and life!

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Gas Mask: The Story of the Lung Protector

It is known that gas masks are designed to protect the respiratory organs, eyes and skin of the face from the penetration of harmful elements that could be contained in the intake air. There is a huge number of the most diverse varieties of gas masks, and in order to understand their purpose or the procedure for using them or what a GP gas mask is, it will not be so easy for an ordinary person.

Purpose of a gas mask

The invention of the gas mask is associated with the German troops, who used a new tactic during the First World War - the gas attack. Gas killed slowly and painfully, but with a huge area of ​​destruction at that time.

Literally two weeks after the first attack, the first personal protective equipment against a toxic substance began to appear. At first, they protected themselves with dressings soaked in acids that neutralize OM, and then they thought about more impressive protection.

More than a hundred years have passed and chemical weapons had to become one of the most popular means of group killing of people. At the same time, the means of protection against him also did not stand still. They were vigorously developed by military and civilian agencies around the world.

Gas mask and respirator: distinctive features

Personal chemical protection equipment is divided into two main categories, they can be in the form of gas masks and respirators. Often, people with an unprofessional look can confuse them with each other, especially since some product modifications are really similar. In order not to be mistaken when choosing devices, experts recommend studying their types, components, purpose, how a filtering gas mask GP or a respirator functions, what is their difference, as well as what dangers the gas mask warns against.

The main difference between these two products is that the respirator does not cover the entire face, or rather, only the area of ​​the nose and mouth, everything else remains open. Whereas the entire head, eyes are covered with a gas mask, and the respiratory organs are protected from the penetration of harmful elements.

This feature of using respirators in conditions where there are substances nearby that are able to penetrate the body through the skin or eyes is unsafe. You should be aware that you should not even be around with hazardous substances, interaction with which it is undesirable not only to work. These substances can be acidic gases, inorganic corrosive gases, and many other hazardous materials. It is advisable to remember about radioactive spraying, from which a gas mask will save, but a respirator will not.

Definitions and application

Filtering and isolating devices are indispensable parts in equipment kits for specialists, it does not matter whether it is civilian or military. Especially if there are volatile toxic substances nearby or there is a risk of chemical poisoning. Moreover, the use of a wide variety of personal chemical protection equipment will be strictly mandatory in a man-made disaster.

Types of gas masks

The main purpose of most types of gas masks is to protect the respiratory tract. However, some of them have certain specificities.

According to the methods of protection and types of structures, two types of gas masks are distinguished, which are filtering and insulating.

Filtering gas mask GP

It is used with a filter box and is designed to protect organs from potential or real threats of the ingress of harmful elements, which must be stopped from entering the respiratory tract using mechanical filters or chemical reactions. Using gas masks of this type, their owners continue to inhale the surrounding air mixture, but the one that has undergone additional cleaning.

Similar devices provide protection for a certain period of time only against a specified type of malicious elements. This is because any filter box is not universal, moreover, it will constantly be required to replace each box in the process of working out its resource. In general, the service life of filters can vary. Their action can last for a few minutes or even a day and depend on their varieties, as well as naturally on the degree of poisoning of the habitat.

Isolating gas mask (IP)

This unit already has a compressor box. It is clear that this is the most advanced safety level, which is also one hundred percent universal. In general, an oxygen-insulating gas mask is intended to protect the respiratory organs in an atmosphere of oxygen deficiency. A distinctive feature of an insulating gas mask from a filtering one is that its owner can breathe not an ordinary or poisoned air-gas mixture, but already clean, but of a completely different origin.

This type of gas mask is divided into two more types, depending on the source. For example, this is a self-contained breathing apparatus, the owner of which has its own compressor box with a compressed air cylinder. And also a hose (gas mask) respirator, through the hose of which the air flow is supplied from an external source, in particular, a pipeline with compressed air.

In addition, combined versions of gas masks (IP gas mask) are often used. For example, when the main air flow goes through the hose, then, just in case, there is an autonomous spray can nearby for emergency actions.

Types of gas masks by scope

Gas masks are classified according to areas of use. They differ in military, civilian, industrial and even children's.

Military gas mask (PMK)

Military gas masks stand out for their high level of reliability and versatility and are included in the standard equipment of all military personnel. In addition, some specialized paramilitary structures actually use them. For example, a combined-arms gas mask can be used by the Ministry of Emergency Situations and similar organizations, like the VK gas mask.

Civilian gas mask (GP)

May be issued for use by the general public in emergencies. These masks are fairly cheap to manufacture, but generally reliable. Outwardly, they are not very different from military modifications, if you do not pay attention that the materials are not as high as military quality. A civilian gas mask will be an excellent means of protection for the respiratory organs.

Industrial gas mask (VK)

This is a kind of special type of gas masks for personnel of workers who professionally work with hazardous chemical elements. As a rule, they are built into OZK or protective suits of similar classes.

Children's gas mask

These modifications are used to protect the respiratory organs of children and adolescents, they differ in smaller sizes. By the way, there are also infant devices. These are structures with rubber chambers in a metal frame, in which the entire child is placed, where air is then pumped with the help of furs.

Purpose of civilian gas masks

The main purpose of all civilian gas masks is to protect the population living in foci of air contamination with a wide variety of harmful substances. Such devices seduce with their simplicity of use, easy putting on and low weight, the ability to breathe purified air for a certain amount of time.

So, for example, the GP-7 gas mask is interesting in that it can be used immediately with special equipment that protects the head. Moreover, this gas mask has a special device, as a result of which you can stay in it for a relatively long time. Due to the convenient panoramic glass, there is good visibility. Any civilian gas mask (GP) is commercially available, and everyone decides which gas mask to buy, of course, having studied their individual technical characteristics and purpose.

Gas mask GP-5

The filtering gas mask GP-5 is intended to protect the eyes, skin of the face and respiratory organs from bacteriological weapons, radioactive radiation, as well as other harmful elements that may be in gaseous or suspended states. The GP-5 gas mask was developed not only for the adult population, but also for high school students. The GP-5 gas mask was produced in the 1962-1989s. The main distinguishing feature of this modification from all the previous ones was the absence of a corrugated tube, which previously combined the filter box and the gas mask helmet.

Gas mask GP-7

The GP-7 gas mask is a proven model that reliably protects users from exposure to a wide variety of toxic substances. With the help of such a device, the respiratory organs, skin of the face and eyes are usually protected from a wide variety of elements, which can be toxic substances, radioactive dust, and biological aerosols.

From the history of gas masks

The main gas mask GP-7 was developed in the eighties of the last century. Due to the modifications of the previous version of the GP-5 apparatus, the new modification of the gas mask turned out to be more reliable and safe. Another clear and visible difference was that earlier the ears did not close, but now the belt attachment system has been successfully finalized.

With the help of this device, there is a reliable protection against harmful elements of a combat orientation. However, the GP-7 gas mask, which was initially characterized as a reliable protector, did not earn such a reputation with critical concentrations of pesticides in closed rooms. Today, gas masks of this modification are produced at three Russian enterprises.

Civilian gas mask GP-9 (GP-9V)

The civilian gas mask GP-9 (GP-9V) was developed using the latest trends in world technological thought, as well as with original technical solutions. This was the impetus for the release of a new gas mask with an expanded line of modified devices. The main distinguishing feature of this product is that for the first time civilian gas masks received a panoramic mask. Thanks to this, the area of ​​the field of view was significantly increased, and the GP-9 gas mask itself acquired an aesthetic appearance. In addition, thanks to another innovation, namely two constructively new valve-intercommunication devices, the intelligibility of speech is ensured for more than 90% of the spoken words.

Gas mask GP-9: purpose

The GP-9 gas mask is designed to protect emergency rescue units, the population, as well as the personnel of industrial enterprises from hazardous substances that are formed as a result of the use of weapons of mass destruction, as well as as a result of an emergency. These can be vapors, gases and aerosols of toxic or chemically active substances.

Rules for using gas masks

The civilian population, if necessary, is provided only with filtering devices, which is prescribed by many instructions. Those eligible for isolation models will receive separate instructions upon issuance.

In case of a probable threat, the device is worn on the stomach in a special bag, and the buttons on it are in the unbuttoned position. It is advisable to take a few minutes to study the instructions, according to the rules for putting on a gas mask:

1. Take a breath;
2. Hold the breath;
3. Close eyes;
4. Remove the gas mask from the bag using your left hand;
5. Get free from the plug-plug in the filter box;
6. Put four fingers of each hand inside the gas mask, and leave the large ones outside;
7. Apply the bottom of the mask to the chin area;
8. Exhale;
9. With a sharp movement, pull the gas mask from the bottom up and straighten it so that there are no wrinkles;
10. Open eyes;
11. Move the bag to the side so that it does not interfere with the freedom of movement.

When the devices are issued for a long time, it is necessary to monitor their condition. We'll have to clean them, wipe the glasses of the mask. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the level of production in the filter box (the time and conditions for its replacement are usually written on it).

And the most important thing is to try to get out of the affected area as quickly as possible, especially if there are open areas of the skin on the clothes.

What is forbidden to do while wearing a gas mask

In general, all that needs to be done is to observe one single rule - never, under any circumstances, try to depressurize gas masks, so that this does not lead to the ingress of unfiltered air mixture through them, because this will make the fact of wearing devices completely lacking meaning.

It should be borne in mind that the temptation to break this tightness is extremely great. And this is so, because gas masks are not so easy to wear. For example, the action of the filter box will obstruct airflow in the lungs, which can lead to mild suffocation, especially in those with respiratory problems.

If we take into account the fact that with the apparatus put on, you will not only have to walk, but it is possible to run, then some untrained people will want to get rid of gas masks, so this can turn out to be a real test.

How to clean gold plated items at home

Checking the respirator during cleaning

When cleaning, the respirator should also be checked:

1. Carry out the respirator check in the same manner as previously described (check before and after use), but remove all parts and check for dirt, damage or loss of flexibility.

2. Replace damaged parts.

3. Thoroughly rinse, disinfect and reassemble the respirator.

Cleaning, maintenance and storage of respirators used for TB prevention

Introduction

OSHA standard on respirators (Appendix A) requires proper cleaning, repair and proper storage of respirators.Correct implementation of such measures will keep the respirator working the same as it was when purchased.

Cleaning

In general, disposable filter half masks do not require cleaning or repair.If contaminated or damaged, they are discarded. But some manufacturers make disposable respirators that are similar to reusable elastomeric masks - the filters cannot be removed and the mask cannot be disassembled. These respirators may require some cleaning.

When using elastomeric filter respirators, care must be taken to maintain them.To maintain the good condition and performance of the respirator, use the manufacturer's instructions. The following is a discussion of maintenance to help the reader understand how to do this job.

A. Disassembly.

Respirators cannot simply be immersed in a cleaning solution.Before cleaning and disinfection, remove from the respirator:

1. Filters

2. Interphone diaphragm

3. Valve assembly

4. Headband straps

5. Corrugated breathing hose

6. Gaskets

B. Cleaning and disinfection

Observe the manufacturer's instructions for cleaning and disinfection, especially with regard to the maximum fluid temperature.Typically, such an operation is performed as follows:

1. Wash the respirator with warm water containing a little detergent at the manufacturer's recommended temperature. Agents that allow cleaning and disinfection to be carried out at the same time may be used (see next paragraph). Do not use organic solvents for cleaning.

2. Use a brush and a mild detergent solution to clean the headband straps.

3. If a detergent solution was used, disinfect the respirator and rinse it in clean water at the manufacturer's recommended temperature.

4. Drain the respirator and allow it to air dry in a clean, hygienic area.

5. Clean and disinfect all parts of the respirator removed during disassembly.

6. Dry the respirator and all parts with a cloth to remove any remaining water.

If you need to wash a large number of respirators, you can use washing machines and dryers.To do this, you need to change their design - respirators must be fixed immovably.

C. Solutions for cleaning and disinfection

Use solutions for cleaning and disinfecting respirators as follows:

1. Use any suitable detergent to clean the respirator, or use special detergents or disinfectants (surfactants). Quaternary ammonium is often used for disinfection.

2. Follow (manufacturer's) instructions for dive time.

3. Thoroughly rinse the cleaned and disinfected respirator in clean water at the manufacturer's recommended temperature to remove all traces of detergent and disinfectant. This is very important to prevent irritation of the workers' skin.

D. Respirators with PPI and loose facepieces .

To clean these respirators, separate the helmet or hood and wash them in a detergent solution. Also wash the harness inside the head.Wash and disinfect the face shield.

Repair

1. Check the respirator and all parts.

2. Replace damaged parts with others designed for the same respirator. Use only replacement parts made by the respirator manufacturer.

3. Reassemble the entire respirator.

4. Attach new filters to the respirator.

5. Check the respirator - everything is installed, tightness.

Storage

1. Comply with OSHA respirator storage requirements - that respirators must be stored either packaged or so that the facepiece and exhalation valve retain their original shape and position (29 CFR 1910.139 (f) (5) (ii). distortion of the shape of the elastomeric parts of the respirator will disrupt their correct operation.

2. Store disposable filtering half masks at the entrance to areas where employees will be at risk of exposure to TB - so that they can select and wear a respirator. For this, a drawer can be used to store all (required) respirators that will be used in this location. The box must be installed in the right place and must have compartments for respirators. Such a box is similar to a letterbox with hatches for individual respirators. The hatches must bear the (appropriate) name of the employee

3. Do not use bags, plastic bags or other closed containers for storing disposable filter half masks.

4. Store respirators with replaceable filters (half masks and full face masks) after cleaning in plastic bags - in storage rooms. There they should be placed in a single layer with the facepieces and exhalation valves in their normal position to prevent distortion of their shape.

Note: Always read and follow the manufacturer's instructions for cleaning, disinfecting, repairing, inspecting and storing respirators.

The following are two examples of the Rules for Doing the Job.

Example of Execution Rules

Work performance rules No. ...

Respirator maintenance _____ - half masks with replaceable filters.

Medical facility name: ______________________________________

Dismantling a respirator:

1. (Service) personnel should collect used respirators at the designated collection points located in the hallways of each room - TB isolators.

2. Take used respirators to a service area.

3. Remove from the respirator all those parts recommended (removed) by the manufacturer:

A. Filters and gaskets

B. Exhalation valve cover

C. Inspiratory and expiratory valves

D. Talking membrane

E. Elastic headband straps

F. Front

4. Check the respirator for damaged or faulty parts and, if present, replace them with good ones. Replacement parts must match the defective part to be replaced or NIOSH certified (as a substitute) and made by the same manufacturer.

A. Check if the filters are not damaged (dents, cracks), the presence of dirt and damage to the mounting thread (scratches, chips, dents). Check the wear and flexibility of the gaskets.

B. Check the condition of the exhalation valve cap.

C. Check inspiratory and expiratory valves for cracks, tears, wear, holes, or deterioration in valve material.

D. Check the speaking diaphragm for structural defects.

E. Check the headband straps - breaks, loss of elasticity, faulty buckle connections.

F. Check the face for cuts, abrasions, holes, loss of flexibility or deterioration due to improper storage.

Cleaning and disinfection

1. For cleaning and disinfection use ______________ at a temperature of ____. Immerse the respirator parts for _____ minutes. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions.

2. Thoroughly rinse washed and disinfected parts of the respirator in clean water at a temperature of ____ to remove traces of detergents and disinfectants. This is very important for the prevention of dermatitis.

3. The respirator and its parts must be dried in a clean and hygienic place - in the air.

4. The respirator and its components are wiped off with a cloth to remove traces of water.

Reassembly and repair:

1. Assemble and inspect a clean and dry respirator and its parts. Replace filters.

Storage:

1. Before the washed and dried respirator is re-issued for use, it must be stored in a plastic bag (reusable). It should be stored in a clean, dry place, away from direct sunlight, so that the elastic parts retain their original shape.

Work performance rules No. ...

Respirator maintenance _____ - disposable filter half mask.

Medical facility name: _______________________________________

Address: _______________________________________________________

Head of RPH (or other designated person in charge) ______

Date of writing the TAP: __________________________________________

Date of signing the TAP by the head of the TAP: ________________________

Rule revision date: _______________________________________

1. Check if the headband elastic can hold the respirator tightly enough on the face. If not, discard the respirator. Do not try to tie elastic bands to shorten them in order to achieve tighter tension.

Note: some manufacturers make filter half masks with adjustable elastic bands.

2. Check the respirator for contamination or damage. If so, throw it away.

3. Store the respirator in a clean and dry place. Marks should be made - for which worker the respirators are intended (for example - tags, etc.). Storing respirators in an airtight plastic bag is not the best solution. The respirator may be damp after use and the airtight packaging will prevent it from drying out. This will facilitate the multiplication of microorganisms. If using plastic bags, allow the respirator to dry before packing it.

Note: read the manufacturer's instructions on the maintenance of filtering half-masks of class N-95.

Useful information:

Often in production, when switching from disposable respirators to reusable respirators, the question of organizing their cleaning and disinfection arises. Users apply various methods to remove all types of dirt (organic and inorganic) and foreign materials from the surfaces of masks and half masks. Some enterprises organize centralized collection and cleaning with the help of special services, while others solve this issue by the workers themselves. Regardless of the fundamental difference in approaches, it is necessary that cleaning takes place in a regulated manner based on a separate instruction or in parallel with the enterprise's respiratory protection program. In this article, we invite the reader to familiarize themselves with the general principles of cleaning reusable respirators using 3M solutions as an example.

How should the respirator be cleaned, sanitized or disinfected?

For any type of respirator, you should always comply with the hygiene and infection control requirements set by your employer for your specific work environment. The user must familiarize himself with and follow the requirements of the procedures specified in Operating Instructions for a specific respirator model.

Note. This material provides information on the cleaning of respiratory system components. When cleaning reusable respirators, always read and follow the instructions for use for the specific product.

You should also always comply with the hygiene and infection control requirements set by your employer for your work environment.

General Provisions

It is important to follow all the steps in the operating instructions. .

Hand hygiene should always be observed.

Always use nitrile or vinyl gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) as required by your employer when cleaning respirator components.

Carefully review the instructions for use of the disinfectant for suitability, applicability, dilution rate and contact time, and ensure that all components are thoroughly rinsed with clean warm water and dried thoroughly before use or storage.

It is important to thoroughly rinse all chlorine-based products off the mask. While flushing is preferred, some disinfectants may not require it.

When disposing of cleaning agents and solutions, you must follow your local regulations.

3M ™ 6000, 6500, 7500 Series Reusable Respirators

1. Removing cartridges or filters. Removal or reuse of filters / cartridges should be done in accordance with your facility's guidelines or service life. Dispose of used filters / cartridges in accordance with local regulations.

Note. The Series 2100 Series FFP2 and FFP3 Open Frame Filters cannot be cleaned or disinfected. 6000 Series cartridges can be cleaned and disinfected as follows.

2. Cleaning the filter housing / cartridge. Gently wipe the outside of the filter / cartridge housing using a mild cleaning solution. If necessary, rinse in the same way with clean water:

b) do not try to clean the material inside the filter / cartridge housing.

3. Disinfection of the filter housing / cartridge. Disinfect the outer surfaces of the filter / cartridge housing with a clean, soft cloth dampened with a sanitary disinfectant (such as 0.5% chlorine solution or 5,000 ppm free chlorine solution) prescribed by your institution, local health authorities. control. Follow the instructions for use of the selected disinfectant:

a) do not allow liquid to enter the filter / cartridge housing;

b) do not try to clean the material inside the filter / cartridge housing;

c) do not spray the filter / cartridge with an aerosol, as this may damage the filter material.

4. Flushing the filter housing / cartridge. Wash the filter / cartridge case by wiping it with a clean soft cloth dampened with clean warm water at a temperature of ~ 49 ° C.

5. Cleaning the face mask (excluding filters and cartridges). Immerse the mask in warm, mild pH-neutral (pH 6-8) cleaning detergent solution. The water temperature should not exceed 49 ° C. Clean the mask with a soft brush. Do not use detergents containing lanolin or other oils, organic or chlorinated solvents, or abrasive cleaning agents.

6. Disinfection of the face mask. Wipe the face mask with a clean, soft cloth dampened with a sanitary disinfectant (such as 0.5 percent chlorine solution or 5,000 ppm free chlorine) prescribed by your institution, local health authorities. Follow the instructions for use selected disinfectant, including the specified contact time.

7. Rinsing the face mask. Rinse the face mask thoroughly with clean warm water and dry thoroughly before using or storing.

8. Make sure all components are dry before reuse or storage.

9. Cleaned face masks and filters / cartridges must be carefully inspected in accordance with 3M instructions for use. When not in use, face masks and filters / cartridges should be stored away from contaminated areas in accordance with the relevant operating instructions. .

Maxim SHOSTAK,

engineer of the PPE department of the company "3M Ukraine"

Alejandre 06/30/2009 - 15:23

In general, at the chemical plant, a friend was given a gas mask, it is covered in talcum powder or some other rubbish, he needs to use it, and we want to torture him, is it possible to wash a rubber mask with a helmet?

Mattan 07/03/2009 - 20:37

IMHO, you can not "wash", and so, wipe with a damp cloth, and that's it. The main thing is to clean the glass well so that the review is. And disconnect the filter box and do not touch it, it does not need wet treatment (if it is not closed) =)
I will give a couple of features of using a new gas mask from personal experience:
1) Part of the talcum powder in the new gas mask is located in the fairings (the channels through which the inhaled air is supplied to the spectacle unit to prevent the glasses from fogging up). With a sharp first breath with open eyes, it gets into the eyes, discomfort will be provided for a long time.
2) A new gas mask thoroughly cleaned of talcum powder, put on a clean head (with recently washed hair) will be all the more unpleasant, the longer the hair is =) The rubber will not slip, it will cling. This is if the gas mask has a closed-type mask, like the GP-5 (rubber covers almost the entire skull). If a false face mask with a strap system is used, of course, there will be no difficulties.

Alejandre 07/03/2009 - 21:09

Thank you, we wetted the valve of the helmet-mask, it was too dirty (there was talcum powder with dirt and dust), now we are worried about what will pass. Because there are some kind of narrow rag strips at the joints of the glasses for the eyes. On the filtering box GP-5 it is written, closed on one side with a rubber plug, on the other with a plug. A helmet-mask for the whole head, there are also films from fogging to it, although there are also slits in the eyes.

Mattan 07/03/2009 - 21:28

Alejandre
Thank you, we wetted the valve of the helmet-mask, it was too dirty (there was talcum powder with dirt and dust), now we are worried about what it will let through. Because there are some kind of narrow rag strips at the joints of the glasses for the eyes. On the filtering box GP-5 it is written, closed on one side with a rubber plug, on the other with a plug. A helmet-mask for the whole head, there are also films from fogging to it, although there are also slits in the eyes.

No, from soaking with it there will be nothing, that talcum powder and dirt have been cleaned from there, well, it will press more tightly on inhalation =)
It happens that this valve moves a little to one side when cleaning, but this is clearly visible visually and is easily repaired.
Well, that means that the GP-5 is, according to the description, it is the most.
Anti-fog films are convenient at low temperatures, then condensation from the glasses is badly blown off ... + On exhalation, without films, the glasses fog up every time before inhalation ... to judge the storage conditions of the gas mask in the warehouse - at high humidity, the films become cloudy, and you will not see anything through them.
And when using the plug, you must not forget to remove it. 😊

Alejandre 07/03/2009 - 21:52

and if the water is passed into the valve, as we are? Straight into a bowl of soapy water. The films are brown, but everything is visible.
You could also take a mask with a white helmet, a corrugated hose and a large carbon filter. to choose from. What brand is this, don't you know?
Thanks for answers:-)
There is an idea to torture in an enclosed space pshiknuv from a gas cartridge, but it's a pity to reduce the filter resource

Mattan 07/03/2009 - 22:50

It will dry up, and everything will be normal. And with a hose and a large filter, it was probably an industrial gas mask, FG-130. They have the same helmet-masks with the GP-5. By the way, the GP-5 has white masks much more often than black ones. There is also a version of the GP-5m, with holes for the ears and an intercom on a helmet-mask.
That the films are brown is strange, this is just a sure sign of their worthlessness. Films are always colorless. Through darkened films, visibility may seem good from a distance. However, it is worth bringing them close to the eyes, like glasses, immediately there is a feeling of vision problems =) - due to small foci of clouding on the films.
The filter resource will practically not decrease the test if you do not stay in this atmosphere for a long time, especially if a friend uses a gas mask for work, I think he will have free access to consumables (filters) =)

Alejandre 07/04/2009 - 15:17

Films are not very brown, slightly brownish. As for the use, he said that the safety regulations seemed to be as it should be, the rest of the workers did not show enthusiasm and, as I understood, they simply hung it up near the fire extinguishers. There are no holes for the ears. And that gas mask "FG-130" only has a hose and a larger filter, and they are also suitable for the GP-5.

takeneo 07/05/2009 - 20:16

I dived in a gas mask as a child :-) And at work I washed a gas mask without a box under a tap with hot water and soap, so that water flowed into the valve. In the summer it dried up in five minutes and into battle. Checked in the atmosphere of an emergency ammonia refrigeration shop, did not miss anything.

Alejandre 07/06/2009 - 10:33

Thanks. Dispelled my fears!

steel2021 07/13/2009 - 01:03

The title smiled. 😊

DIGGER-VOEN 12/18/2009 - 13:01

=)))) 😀 a gas mask and must be in talcum powder ...

kotowsk 12.04.2010 - 08:37

Checked in the atmosphere of an emergency ammonia refrigeration shop, did not miss anything.

in general, ammonia clogs filters many times faster than even combat agents. I have experience in using a gas mask in the fight against domestic insects. in a closed room I processed all the skirting boards. spent a whole can. the bugs are all dead. I didn't even smell. acquaintances talked about the use of gas masks

SYMRAX 08/22/2010 - 21:23

kotowsk
diving masks.

Izya Shnipelson 11/14/2010 - 10:16 PM

Let's figure it out in order 😊

Moisten with water - exactly with water - helmet-masks / gas masks are possible! Think for yourself - there is rubber and metal, not microcircuits and capacitors. Water in the valve assembly - well, it will flow out, dry out, will not go anywhere. The main thing is not to soak in very cold water, but here, I think, your hands will not stand the first, and not soak in boiling water. Personally, I washed masks in hot water, ~ 60 degrees, and that's fine.

Anti-fog films are not always colorless! There are special tinted films, the plastic base in them is brown, and not transparent. When watching a nuclear explosion, it will not save, of course, but all sorts of flashes and just bright light will be much easier to transfer.

The filtering gas masks / helmet-masks cannot be used under water or in other liquids. Their design provides for exhalation through the valve assembly into the atmosphere, and since the density of water is much higher than the density of the atmosphere, then the pressure created by it will simply drive the valves inward, and water will enter the mask. Under water, you can only use a helmet-mask of insulating gas masks, because in them, exhaled gases are not released into the atmosphere, but are included in the cycle, and in general - the name "insulating" speaks for itself 😊

Neforo 07/21/2011 - 07:58

SYMRAX
But from now on, can you be more detailed? =))

probably tortured with a hose gas mask 😊

- / - / - Max - / - / - 07/22/2011 - 12:31

SYMRAX
kotowsk

diving masks.

But from now on, can you be more detailed? =))

Gas masks to ensure the escape of the crew members from the flooded tank:
IP-46M and IP-5 with a submersion depth under water under water no more than 7 m
Closed breathing diving equipment such as
Apparatus AT-1, Regenerative rebreathers IDA-59, IDA-71, IDA-72, IDA-85

kotowsk 07/30/2011 - 17:26

The filtering gas masks / helmet-masks cannot be used under water or in other liquids. Their design provides for exhalation through the valve assembly into the atmosphere, and since the density of water is much higher than the density of the atmosphere, then the pressure created by it will simply drive the valves inward, and water will enter the mask.

I only partially agree. the pressure that can "bend the valve inward" will drive the entire mask first. so that with a small difference in pressure, nothing will happen. I don’t know the brand of used masks. used together with scuba diving asv 2, in the fire version, a gas mask is perfectly attached there. I personally have not tried it - they said that you can breathe, but with a mouthpiece and with a "underwater" mask is better.

73GI 04.08.2012 - 23:00

Tell me, isn't it harmful to inhale talcum powder? There is a gas mask already washed with soap. But then I noticed that there was a little talc in it.

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