First of all, workplaces are checked according to hygienic criteria. They show how the working conditions differ from the current hygienic standards.

When checking hygiene conditions, you should rely on:
- Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labor process No. R 2.2.2006-05;
- Intersectoral rules on labor protection in public catering POT RM-011-2000;
- Intersectoral rules on labor protection in retail trade POT RM-014-2000.
When certifying workplaces for working conditions, all harmful and (or) hazardous production factors present at the workplace are subject to assessment.
Harmful production factors can be:
- physical - such as temperature, humidity, air velocity, heat radiation, industrial noise, lighting, etc.
- chemical - chemical substances, mixtures obtained by chemical synthesis and (or) for the control of which the methods of chemical analysis are used;
- biological factors - producer microorganisms, living cells and spores contained in bacterial preparations, pathogenic microorganisms - causative agents of infectious diseases;
- severity - mainly the load on the musculoskeletal system and functional systems of the body (cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.), ensuring its activity; the severity of labor is characterized by a physical dynamic load, the mass of the lifted and moved load, the total number of stereotypical working movements, the magnitude of the static load, the nature of the working posture, the depth and frequency of the body tilt, movements in space;
- tension - the load mainly on the central nervous system, sensory organs, the emotional sphere of the employee, for example, intellectual, sensory, emotional stress, the degree of monotony of the loads, the mode of work.
Hazardous factors of the working environment are environmental and labor factors that can cause an acute illness or a sudden sharp deterioration in health, death. Depending on the quantitative characteristics and duration of action, certain harmful factors in the working environment can become dangerous.
Harmful and dangerous production factors for public catering workers are regulated by Ch. 2 POT RM-011-2000, for trade workers clause 1.3 of Ch. 1 POT RM-014-2000.
The permissible levels of harmful and hazardous production factors inherent in production processes in public catering are contained in Appendix 1 of POT RM-011-2000.
The levels of harmful and hazardous production factors are determined on the basis of instrumental measurements during the conduct of production processes in accordance with the technological documentation with serviceable and effectively operating collective protective equipment. In this case, the control methods provided for by the current regulatory enactments are used.
Based on the degree of deviation of the actual levels of the factors of the working environment and the labor process from the hygienic standards, the working conditions are conventionally divided into 4 classes according to the degree of hazard and hazard.
Optimal working conditions (class 1) - conditions under which the health of the employee is maintained and the prerequisites are created for maintaining a high level of performance. Optimal standards for working environment factors are established for microclimatic parameters and workload factors. For other factors, the optimal conditions are conventionally taken to be such working conditions under which harmful factors are absent or do not exceed the levels accepted as safe for the population.
Permissible working conditions (class 2) are characterized by such levels of environmental factors and the labor process that do not exceed the established hygienic standards for workplaces, and possible changes in the functional state of the body are restored during regulated rest or by the beginning of the next shift and do not have an adverse effect in the nearest and the long-term period on the health status of workers and their offspring. Permissible working conditions are conventionally referred to as safe.
Harmful working conditions (class 3) are characterized by the presence of harmful factors, the levels of which exceed hygienic standards and have an adverse effect on the body of the employee and / or his offspring and have 4 degrees of harm:
1 degree 3 class (3.1) - working conditions are characterized by such deviations of the levels of harmful factors from hygienic standards that cause functional changes, which are restored, as a rule, with a longer (than by the beginning of the next shift) interruption of contact with harmful factors and increase the risk of damage to health ;
2 degree 3 class (3.2) - levels of harmful factors that cause persistent functional changes, leading in most cases to an increase in professionally determined morbidity (which can be manifested by an increase in the incidence of morbidity with temporary disability and, first of all, those diseases that reflect the state of the most organs and systems vulnerable to these factors), the appearance of initial signs or mild forms of occupational diseases (without loss of professional ability to work) arising after prolonged exposure (often after 15 or more years);
3 degree 3 class (3.3) working conditions characterized by such levels of factors of the working environment, the impact of which leads to the development, as a rule, of occupational diseases of mild and moderate severity (with the loss of occupational capacity for work) during the period of labor activity, the growth of chronic (occupationally determined) pathology;
4 degree 3 class (3.4) - working conditions under which severe forms of occupational diseases (with loss of general working capacity) can occur, there is a significant increase in the number of chronic diseases and high levels of morbidity with temporary disability.
Hazardous working conditions (class 4) are characterized by the levels of working environment factors, the impact of which during a work shift (or part of it) poses a threat to life, a high risk of developing acute occupational injuries, incl. and severe forms.
Measurements and assessment of the working environment and the work process are drawn up in protocols, which should contain the following data:
1) protocol identification number (numeric and alphabetic);
2) the name of the organization, its address;
3) the name of the division of the organization, workplace;
4) date of measurements;
5) the name of the organization (or its subdivision) involved in the performance of instrumental measurements, information about its accreditation;
6) the name of the measured factor;
7) information on the measuring instruments used (name of the device, instrument, serial number, validity period of the verification certificate and the number of the verification certificate);
8) a method for carrying out measurements and assessments, indicating the identification number and name of the regulatory document, on the basis of which the measurements and assessment are carried out;
9) the place of measurements (with an attachment, if necessary, of a sketch of the room, indicating the location of the equipment and applying measurement points (sampling) on ​​it;
10) standard and actual values ​​of the measured factor and, if necessary, the time of its impact;
11) information about the regulatory documents regulating the maximum allowable concentration, maximum allowable levels, standard levels of the measured factor;
12) class of hazard and hazard for this factor;
13) position, surname, initials and signature of the specialist who carried out the measurements;
14) position, surname, initials and signature of the representative of the organization where the instrumental measurements were carried out;
15) position, surname, initials and signature of the responsible person of the attesting organization, the seal of the attesting organization (if involved).
For each factor, protocols of measurements and assessments are drawn up for a separate workplace, which are an integral part of the Workplace Certification Card for Working Conditions.
It is allowed to register the results of measurements and assessments for one specific factor in one summary protocol for a group of workplaces. In this case, a table of the actual state of working conditions is additionally filled in the Card.

Introduction

1. Analysis of the characteristics of the workplace

2. Analysis of the parameters of the light environment

3. Analysis of microclimate parameters

4. Analysis of the air ionic composition of the air

5. Analysis of industrial noise

6. Measurements and estimation of parameters of electromagnetic fields of PVEM

7. Determination of the general class of working conditions

Conclusion

Bibliography

ESSAY

The object of the study of this work is the sanitary and hygienic state of the workplace of a sales specialist at CJSC "Mobicom-Novosibirsk" located in the city of Tomsk, per. Mariinsky, 8.

The main goal of the project is to develop skills for the creative application of the accumulated knowledge and requirements of new regulatory documents in future practical activities in production or in construction organizations in the course of a hygienic assessment of working conditions.

The research method is based on an instrumental assessment of the factors of the working environment in the workplace. Specialized meters, meters, sound level meters, combined and multifunctional devices are used as measuring instruments.

The results and conclusions obtained in the course of the work are real.

The main advantages of the work are its practical application, preparation for the subsequent writing of the final qualifying work, readiness for future independent engineering activities in modern conditions.

INTRODUCTION

Certification of workplaces for working conditions is mandatory for all organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms, form of ownership and type of activity.

Certification is carried out with the aim of ensuring safe working conditions, preserving the life and health of workers, solving issues of providing social guarantees.

Certification is carried out by organizations independently and includes:

· Hygienic assessment of the conditions and nature of work;

· Assessment of workplace injury safety;

· Assessment of the provision of employees with personal protective equipment;

· Determination of compensation established by law for prolonged work and work in harmful and dangerous working conditions;

· Assessment of the possibility of using the labor of certain categories of workers;

· All workplaces are subject to certification.

The timing of the certification is established by the organization, based on the state, changes in conditions, safety and nature of work, but at least once every 5 years.

Workplaces are subject to mandatory recertification after replacing production equipment, changing the technological process, reconstructing collective protective equipment, etc., including at the request of the certification commission of organizations, as well as bodies carrying out state examination of working conditions in the Russian Federation when violations are detected in the certification process.

The results of recertification are drawn up in the form of amendments and additions to the certification materials.

Based on the results of attestation of workplaces by the attestation commission, taking into account the proposals received from the departments of the organization, individual employees, an action plan is developed to improve and improve working conditions in the organization.

1. ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF THE WORKPLACE

The object of the study is the working conditions of the workplace of a customer service specialist (RM No. 83) at CJSC "Mobicom-Novosibirsk". This organization is located in Tomsk, per. Mariinsky, 8.

The employee performs his duties while sitting. The equipment used by the specialist is a personal computer. On the sketch of a sales specialist's workplace, we see that the specialist's workplace is located far from the doors, therefore there are no drafts. But since the workplace is far from windows, the light environment should be assessed, because there may not be enough natural light for a specialist for this very reason. While chemical and biological factors should not be considered, as the work of a specialist is office. And such parameters as noise, radiation of electromagnetic fields, microclimate and air ionic composition of the air must be assessed.

Rice. 1. Sketch of the workplace of a sales specialist

2. ANALYSIS OF LIGHT ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERS

Workplace lighting is an important parameter. Depending on the purpose of the room, as well as the type of visual work, such indicators of illumination as natural lighting (KEO),% artificial lighting are normalized: illumination, lux, in the general lighting system, ripple coefficient,%, illumination of the screen surface, uneven brightness distribution, image instability ... Normative and technical documentation, in accordance with which the measurements were carried out, and the conclusion was given: SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 "Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings", SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340 -03 "Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and work organization", GOST 24940-96 "Buildings and structures. Methods for measuring illumination ", MU OT RM 01-98" Assessment of illumination of workplaces ", R 2.2.2006 - 05" Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of factors in the working environment and work process. Criteria and classification of working conditions ".

In this workplace, fluorescent lamps are mainly used.

Applied measuring instruments (name, serial number, number of the verification certificate and its validity period):

- light meter "TKA-Lux", head. No. 314808, verification certificate No. 035885 valid until June 26, 2009;

- luxmeter-pulsemeter "TKA-PKM", head. No. 08 857, verification certificate No. 036276 valid until June 25, 2009

Documentation in accordance with which measurements and assessments were carried out: GOST 24940-96 “Buildings and structures. Illumination measurement methods "; SNiP 23-05-95 * "Natural and artificial lighting"; MU OT RM 01–98, MU 2.2.4.706–98 "Assessment of workplace lighting"; SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 "Hygiene. requirements for personal computers and work organization "; SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 "Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings"; R 2.2.2006-05 "Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of factors of work. environment and work process. Criteria and classification of working conditions ”.

The deviations of the voltage in the power supply network from the nominal did not exceed 5%. 7. Measurement results (carried out on the desktop three times, average values ​​were entered into the protocol, the measurement point is marked with an asterisk):

The norm for assessing the need to increase artificial illumination with a lack of natural light.

Conclusion: the class of working conditions is 3.1 (the third first degree of hazard).

3. ANALYSIS OF MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS

The assessment of the microclimate is carried out on the basis of measurements of its parameters (temperature, air humidity, speed of its movement) at all places of the employee's stay during the shift and comparison with the standards of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises", R 2.2.2006 - 05 “Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and work process. Criteria and classification of working conditions ".

Information about the measuring instruments used (name of the measuring device and its serial number, number of the verification certificate and its validity period):

- thermoanemometer Testo-415, head. No. 00691251, verification certificate No. 0597112 is valid until 17.12.08;

- moisture and temperature meter IVTM-7K, head. No. 9853, verification certificate No. 058985 is valid until 26.12.08.

Regulatory and methodological documents, on the basis of which measurements and assessment were carried out:

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises."

Sources of local heat release, cooling, moisture release: none. Category I a. Works are performed sitting .

Outside air temperature, ° С: actual +21 ; required for measurements in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 and SNiP 23-01-99 * "Construction climatology" (average temperature of the coldest month of the year, ° С) –19.1 ± 5 = –14.1 ÷ –24 ,1.

Measurement results (measurements were carried out three times, average values ​​were entered into the protocol):

At an air temperature at workplaces of 25 ° C and above, the maximum permissible values ​​of the relative air humidity should not go beyond: 70% - at an air temperature of 25 ° C; 65% - at an air temperature of 26 ° C; 60% - at an air temperature of 27 ° C; 55% - at an air temperature of 28 ° C.

Conclusion: class of working conditions - 1 (first).

4. ANALYSIS OF AEROIONIC AIR COMPOSITION

Availability of air ionizing equipment: absent.

Information about the measuring instrument used (the name of the measuring device and its serial number, the number of the verification certificate and its validity period): small-sized air ion meter MAS-01 No. 98307, verification certificate No. 6 / 620-60 / 1-08, valid until 25.05 .09.

Information about the normative and methodological documents, on the basis of which the measurements and assessment were carried out: Methodical instructions MUK 4.3.1675-03 "General requirements for monitoring the air ionic composition of the air"; SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03 "Hygienic requirements for the air ion composition of industrial and public premises".

The measurement point in the sketch is marked with an asterisk.

Air ion polarity	Air ion concentration, ro (ion / cubic cm)					Unipolarity coefficient Have = ro + / ro -)
	single measurement values, ro i			Average values ro	Allowable meaning ro
	1	2	3			Average value Have	Valid values. Have
+	2320	2350	2400	2350	400≤ro + <50000	2,7	0,4≤У<1,0
–	904	860	810	860	600<ro – ≤50000

The measurements were taken during the work shift at regular intervals. The first measurement was taken one hour after the start of work.

Conclusion: class of working conditions - 3.1 (harmful first degree).

5. ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION NOISE

Information about the used measuring instrument (name of the measuring device and its serial number, number of the verification certificate and its validity period): noise level meter-spectrum analyzer No. A081097, certificate. on initial verification No. 0G8ВЖИ (stamp) valid until 18.04.09.

Information about the regulatory and methodological documents, on the basis of which the measurements and assessment were carried out: SN No. 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 "Noise at workplaces, in the premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential development", GOST 12.1.050- 86 "Methods for measuring noise at workplaces", GOST 12.1.003-83 "Noise. General safety requirements ", SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03" Hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization ".

The measurement point in the sketch is marked with an asterisk.

Measurement results:

The maximum sound level (85 dBA) does not exceed the limit value (110 dBA).

Conclusion: class of working conditions - 2 (second).

6. MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION OF PARAMETERS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS OF PVEM

The source of EMF in our case is a personal computer.

Information about the measuring instruments used (name of the device, instrument, serial number, validity period of the verification certificate and the number of the verification certificate):

- meter of intensity of electrostatic field IESP-7, head. No. 388, verification certificate No. 039639 is valid until 26.06.09 .;

- meter of parameters of electric and magnetic fields VE-METR-AT-002, head. No. 206204, verification certificate No. 049120 is valid until 26.12.08.

- power frequency field strength meter P3-50, head. No. 1480, verification certificate No. 200 / 204-04061-08 is valid until 22.04.09.

Normative and methodological documentation, in accordance with which measurements and assessments were carried out: SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03 "Hygienic requirements for personal computers and work organization".

Measurement results (carried out three times, average values ​​were entered into the protocol):

Name of PC devices, manufacturers, models and factory (serial) numbers	Height from the floor, m	Electromagnetic field strength by electrical component / remote control, V / m		Magnetic flux density / remote control, nT		Electrostatic field strength / remote control, kV / m
		in the range. frequencies	in the range. frequencies	in the range. frequencies	in the range. frequencies
1. VDT Optiqvest Q 51 № 125 2.System unit No. 256 3.Printer HP 4 L № 3527	0,5	4/25	2,1/2,5	100 /250	<1 /25	<0,4 /15
	1,0	3/25	1,1/2,5	100 /250	<1 /25	<0,3 /15
	1,5	1 /25	<0,1 /2,5	100 /250	<1 /25	<0,2 /15
Industrial frequency background (50 Hz)	0,5	1	33
	1,0	1	31
	1,5	0,5	14

Conclusion:

At the workplace, the permissible levels of electromagnetic radiation for the electric and magnetic components in the range of 5-2000 Hz, background levels of electric fields with a frequency of 50 Hz do not exceed 500 V / m, and the background level of magnetic induction does not exceed the maximum permissible level for the population - 10,000 nTl (according to SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00) and does not violate the requirements for the visual parameters of the video display terminal, i.e. this workplace meets hygienic requirements (Appendix 3, clause 5.2. SanPiN 2.2.2 / 2.4.1340-03).

Working conditions class 2 (second).

DEFINITION OF THE GENERAL CLASS OF WORKING CONDITIONS

Factors	Working conditions class
	Optimal	Permissible	Harmful				Dangerous
1	2	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	4
Chemical
Biological
Aerosols
Noise	+
Ultrasound
Ultrasound air
General vibration
Local vibration
Ultrasound pin
Non-ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation
Radiation of electromagnetic fields	+
Microclimate	+
Lighting	+
The severity of labor
Labor tension
Air ion composition	+
General assessment of working conditions	+

General procedure for assessing working conditions by the parameters of the light environment

……..

CONCLUSION

In this course work, the issues of sanitary and hygienic assessment of working conditions in the workplace were considered.

Skills were acquired in assessing the level of hazardous and harmful factors in the workplace, assessing injury safety, as well as drawing up final documents. Based on the results of the calculations, a 3.1 class of working conditions for a sales specialist was identified.

To improve the working conditions of a sales specialist, you must:

· It is necessary to increase artificial lighting with a lack of natural light;

· Apply air ionizers;

· Perform eye exercises to avoid fatigue.

As a result of the implementation of all measures to improve working conditions, it is possible to achieve an optimal state of work places and an increase in working capacity.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Methodical instructions for the implementation of the course project for students of the specialty 280102 "Safety of technological processes and production" entitled: "Industrial sanitation and occupational health." Compiled by G.I. Kovalev.

2. R 2.2.2006 - 05 “Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions ”.

3. SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises"

4. SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 "Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings"

For the hygienic assessment of the conditions and nature of work at workplaces, the “Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labor process” have been developed. Criteria and classification of working conditions ”R 2.2.2006-05 (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines).

The guidelines are used to:

Monitoring the state of the employee's working conditions for compliance with the current sanitary rules and regulations and obtaining a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion;

Prioritizing preventive measures and assessing their effectiveness;

Certification of workplaces for working conditions and certification of labor protection in the organization;

Analysis of the relationship between changes in the health status of an employee and his working conditions;

Investigation of cases of occupational diseases, poisoning and other health disorders related to work;

Assessment of the levels of professional risk;

Establishment of the class of working conditions, and within the class - the degree of hazard (the degree of excess of hygienic standards);

Justification of measures of social protection of workers.

The Guide presents hygienic criteria and classification of working conditions under the influence of chemical, biological, vibroacoustic, microclimatic factors of the working environment, non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and radiation, aerosols, air ionic composition of air, indicators of the light environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process, as well as when working with sources ionizing radiation.

Methods of protecting or reducing the negative impact on workers of harmful and dangerous factors of the working environment and labor process are presented.

General hygienic assessment of working conditions. If the actual values ​​of the levels of harmful factors are within the optimal or permissible values, then the working conditions at the workplace meet hygienic requirements and belong to the 1st or 2nd class, respectively. If the level of at least one factor exceeds the permissible value, then the working conditions at such a workplace, depending on the magnitude of the excess, both for a separate factor and for their combination, can be attributed to the 1st - 4th degrees of the 3rd class of harmful or 4th class of hazardous working conditions.

With a general assessment of working conditions:

The assessment is established according to the highest class and degree of hazard;

In the case of a combined effect of three or more factors related to class 3.1, the overall assessment of working conditions corresponds to class 3.2;

When two or more factors of classes 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 are combined, working conditions are estimated, respectively, one degree higher.

In cases where the excess of hygienic standards is due to the peculiarities of the employee's professional activity, and the employer, for justified reasons, cannot fully ensure compliance with the hygienic standards at the workplace, the state supervision authorities in a number of cases may allow work in such conditions. Work in conditions of exceeding hygienic standards should be carried out using personal protective equipment with strict administrative control over the obligation and correctness of their use. The use of effective (having a certificate of conformity) personal protective equipment reduces the level of occupational risk of damage to health, but does not change the class of working conditions of the employee.

In this case, it is also mandatory to limit the time of exposure to harmful production factors (protection by time). Time protection can be expressed by the application of the following measures:

Introducing intra-shift breaks;

Shortening of the working day;

An increase in the duration of the vacation;

Limiting the length of service in these conditions.

At the same time, each employee must receive full information about working conditions, the degree of their harmfulness, possible adverse health effects, the necessary personal protective equipment, work and rest regimes, medical and preventive measures and measures to reduce the time of contact with a harmful factor.

Working conditions - a set of factors of the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of the employee.

The combination of various factors formed in the production environment determines the working conditions of workers in production. They have an impact on human health and performance.

The modern physical theory of functional systems distinguishes three functional states of the body as a reaction to the impact of working conditions: normal, borderline (between norm and pathology) and pathological. These states can be used as a physiological scale to determine the severity and intensity of labor.

Normal functional state of the organism: Working conditions correspond to the maximum permissible concentration of emissions (MPC) and approximately permissible conditions (MPL). Working capacity is not impaired, deviations in the state of health in connection with professional activity are not observed throughout the entire labor activity of a person.

The borderline functional state of the body: In practically healthy people, most of the physiological parameters deteriorate during labor (especially at the end of a shift or a week). Typical work-related pre-illnesses appear.

Pathological functional state: Working conditions, which at the end of the shift, weeks form reactions characteristic of the pathological functioning of the body in practically healthy people, disappearing in most workers after a good rest. However, in some workers, they can turn into work-related and occupational diseases.

The severity of labor is a characteristic of the labor process, reflecting the predominant load on the musculoskeletal system and functional systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.) that ensure its activity.

Labor intensity is a characteristic of the labor process, reflecting the predominant load on the central nervous system.

The introduction in our country of the practice of assessing the hygienic criteria of working conditions through the certification of workplaces made it possible to assess the existing conditions and nature of work at workplaces for specific industries and professions, establish on this basis priority in carrying out health-improving measures, as well as the formation of social policy in production ( reduced working hours, benefits and compensations for working conditions, insurance at work, etc.).

The hygienic standards of working conditions are understood as the levels of harmful production factors, which during daily (except weekends) work, but not more than 40 hours per week during the entire working experience, should not cause diseases or deviations in the health of the worker and his offspring. Working conditions with these standards or in the complete absence of harmful and dangerous production factors are called safe working conditions.

In accordance with the hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of hazard and hazard indicators of the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process, published by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia (P2.2.013-94), working conditions are assessed in four classes (Fig. 1.2.)

Figure 1.2.

1st grade - optimal working conditions, fulfilling professional duties under which workers maintain their health, have the prerequisites for maintaining a high level of efficiency.

2nd class - permissible working conditions are characterized by the values ​​of factors that do not exceed the established hygienic standards, and the functional state of the body from their impact is restored by the beginning of the next shift, without adversely affecting the worker and his offspring.

3rd class - harmful working conditions. This class is characterized by jobs in which production factors exceed hygienic forms.

4th grade - hazardous (extreme) working conditions. The levels of production factors of this class are such that their exposure throughout the work shift or part of it poses a threat to life and / or a high risk of severe forms of acute occupational diseases.

The hygienic standards of working conditions also include a physical dynamic load, which is established either according to documentation or on the basis of observations.

In accordance with the assessment criteria, at a regional load of up to 2500 kgm, it is considered optimal (light), up to 5000 kgm - permissible (average), and when the latter value is exceeded, working conditions are considered harmful (hard work) of three degrees of severity, depending on the excess.

For the total load, the corresponding values ​​are as follows: optimal - up to 12,500 kgm, permissible - up to 25,000 kgm. When the latter value is exceeded, working conditions are considered harmful.

The mass of the load lifted and moved manually. Evaluation of the mass of the processed cargo allows us to classify working conditions as optimal (up to 15 kg), permissible (up to 30 kg) or harmful working conditions of the 1st degree of severity. The second and third degrees of severity are absent, since manual handling of goods weighing more than 30 kg is not allowed.

An important role in the establishment of hygienic standards for working conditions is played by static load, working posture, intellectual, sensory, emotional stress, as well as monotony of work (see Appendix 1).

Mode of operation. One of the characteristic features of technological progress is the frequent appearance of goods with new consumer properties. This requires frequent changes in production equipment and, as a result, an increase in the level of equipment and personnel replacement in production. In a number of industries, continuous technological processes are used (chemical production, transport enterprises, etc.), where work is carried out around the clock. Research has shown that performance, performance, well-being, and injury rates are the same in the morning and afternoon.

At night, labor productivity, the protective functions of the body decrease, and drowsiness increases. Human performance is determined not only by the activity of the muscular apparatus and sensory organs, but also by the activity of the cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine and other systems that are not controlled by human consciousness and work according to the daily rhythm.

It is customary to classify a mode of operation with a duration of no more than 7 hours as optimal, and with a duration of up to 9 hours - to an acceptable one. The duration of continuous work up to 12 hours is referred to the 1st degree, and more than 12 hours - to the strenuous work of the 2nd degree.

Shift work is classified as follows:

One-shift work without a night shift - optimal conditions;

Two-shift work without a night shift - acceptable working conditions;

Three-shift work with night shift work - strenuous work of the 1st degree;

Irregular shift with night work - strenuous work of the 2nd degree

Working conditions are a complex of factors that affect the health of a citizen in the course of their performance of their official duties. There are established standards that must be followed by every employer. Let's consider what is meant by the hygienic standards of working conditions in accordance with the law.

Components of working conditions

All factors affecting a person's well-being in the workplace are divided into several groups:

• physical, these include:
  • ambient temperature,
  • moisture content of air,
  • wind speed,
  • radiation of an electromagnetic field,
  • laser and ultraviolet radiation,
  • radiation,
  • background noise,
  • ultrasound and infrasound,
  • vibration,
  • dustiness,
  • illumination;
• chemical (chemicals and mixtures);
• biological (exposure to microorganisms);
• characteristics of the labor process:
  • the severity of labor - is certified by parameters that assess the physical load on the human body,
  • labor intensity - described by parameters showing the mental and psychological stress on the employee's nervous system.

Assessment Indicator Terminology

When analyzing indicators of production conditions, special terms are used. Let's give their abbreviation and decoding:

Additional facts

As a rule, when hiring an applicant in an employment contract, it is necessary to fill in the "Working conditions" column. It would seem that there is nothing easier. However, many organizations are often subjected to numerous unscheduled inspections, and therefore there is no special assessment of working conditions. What to do in this case? Of course, keep hiring employees. In this case, it is necessary to take into account some peculiarities. For example, before a special assessment of labor conditions is carried out, the employer should not include any guarantees and compensation for harm in the employment contract. It is best to mark these points when the review and assessment is complete. Such actions are legally justified and legal.

• GN - hygiene standards;
• MPC - maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances;
• OBUV - tentatively safe exposure levels;
• PDU - maximum permissible level;
• SDA - maximum permissible doses. MPL and SDA are quantitative indicators of MPC, when exposed to a person for 8 hours a day no more than 5 times a week during his working experience, there is no deterioration in health and prof. illness;
• ДН - permissible loads.

General hygienic assessment of working conditions

Working conditions can be roughly classified into 4 classes:

• Grade 1 - optimal, in which the worker's health is maintained in full. The combination of working conditions for a given class is as balanced as possible;
• Class 2 - permissible conditions under which GN are in the range of permissible values, human health does not suffer, and working capacity is restored by the next work shift;
• Class 3 - harmful conditions. This class is assessed by specialized laboratories licensed for these studies. Harmful working conditions are divided into 4 types, depending on the degree of harm to human health:
  • 3.1 - changes in health are reversible, but over a longer period than the time interval between work shifts,
  • 3.2 - with a long period of work (from 15 years or more), persistent health problems appear, the initial signs of prof. diseases without disability,
  • 3.3 - professional pathological conditions develop with the loss of prof. work capacity,
  • 3.4 - leads to chronic prof. diseases with loss of general working capacity;
• Grade 4 - extreme conditions, provoke a significant deterioration in health and pose a risk to human life.

The video tells about a special assessment of working conditions

The purpose of the hygienic assessment of working conditions in the workplace

An analysis of the working conditions is necessary to identify violations that lead to the loss of health of workers. Revealing the compliance (or inconsistency) with the actual state of affairs in the GBV workplace is carried out by taking measurements using specialized instruments and assessing the factors of working conditions.

According to statistics, the general description of working conditions and the assessment of working conditions can occur much more often than once every five years. Most organizations face unscheduled inspections from time to time.

That is why the authorities of this or that organization need to be extremely attentive and careful. Constant care for our employees will help to develop production quality and prevent too frequent inspections.

Let's consider in more detail what goals are pursued during the analysis:

• checking the compliance of working conditions with hygienic standards with the issuance of an official sanitary certificate;
• implementation of preventive measures to improve working conditions;
• collection of information for a database across the enterprise, industry, etc .;
• classification of workplaces in terms of working conditions;
• analysis of statistics of diseases depending on the specific conditions at the workplace;
• assessment of health risks for people at certain places of work.

After the assessment activities, a final conclusion is made about the level of working conditions. The overall rating is based on the highest class and degree of hazard. The analysis is regulated by the Guidelines R 2.2.2006-5 "Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of the factors of the working environment and the labor process."

All questions of interest can be asked in the comments to the article