What is autonomous heating in an apartment building. Individual heating in an apartment building - what documents are needed according to the law, installation rules in an apartment

14.07.2023 Garden landscaping

Since the commissioning of an apartment building, residents depend on the quality of the work of enterprises that provide this house with gas, water, electricity, heating and the Internet. And if you can stock up on water for future use, and you can live without a TV or the Internet for some time, then it’s hard to imagine a person’s actions in the winter during interruptions in heating. That is why the low quality of services provided by heating network enterprises and high average tariffs are pushing many of our compatriots to create autonomous gas heating for apartments in apartment buildings. All the intricacies of heating a home in this way will be discussed in this article.

What to prepare for? Educational program for beginners

If you are not satisfied with cold batteries, when it is already cold outside, and the heating season has not yet begun, if you do not understand why the batteries are “ice” in one room, and in the other they are red-hot so that you cannot put your hand on their surface if there are interruptions with heating and hot water have become more the rule than the exception, then experts recommend installing autonomous gas heating in the apartment, unless, of course, the apartment is gasified.

If you decide to install "autonomy" in your own apartment, then you need to be prepared for the following:

Sufficiently tough opposition to your heat supply organization.
Non-acceptance of your decision by the co-owners of the apartment building, in other words, by your neighbors.
Legislative denials and bureaucratic delays in the gas, fire service, as well as in the bodies for the protection of architectural monuments.
Complete replacement of internal piping.
Financial costs for the creation of the project, purchase and installation of equipment.

In fact, opponents of individual heating have quite good reasons for this. After disconnecting any room of a residential building from centralized heating, thermal workers have to re-balance the entire heating system of the house. In addition, the refusal of central heating is the termination of financing of the heat supply organization. Within the framework of one apartment, this is imperceptible, but with a massive transition to "autonomy" - this is the bankruptcy of a huge organization.

Individual gas heating in an apartment building requires competent removal of the products of combustion of the gas mixture. In houses with chimneys, this is not a problem. In modern buildings, a chimney is not provided, therefore, exhaust gases are discharged into a separate ventilation branch or through a coaxial chimney, which is discharged through a load-bearing wall. With such a chimney, carbon monoxide cannot be excluded from entering neighboring apartments: in the first case through a vent, in the second - through open vents and windows.

The decision to install an individual heating system is very good to initially discuss with a lawyer. The thing is that in some regions of Russia the creation of an "autonomy" is prohibited by local legislative bodies.

There is another option for avoiding central heating, without delay and hassle - contacting an organization that sells equipment, installs and maintains individual heating systems. For some remuneration, these offices independently solve problems with permits, projects, within an acceptable time frame.

The device and principle of operation of the individual heating system

A standard autonomous heating system consists of a gas boiler, a chimney, the required amount of pipeline, radiators, valves, coarse filters. The main device in the autonomous heating system is the boiler. It can be single-circuit and double-circuit. The first type of boiler units is designed only for heating the coolant. The second allows you to create, along with autonomous heating, an apartment hot water system.

There are two main schemes of the heating system: one-pipe and two-pipe. The former is structurally simpler and requires fewer materials, which makes it financially attractive. But such a scheme assumes a sequential arrangement of radiators, which leads to the fact that already cooled coolant enters the last batteries in turn. The second option is more complicated and more expensive, but thanks to the two-pipe scheme, the coolant is evenly distributed between the radiators.

The principle of operation of this system is quite simple: a gas-air mixture is burned in the burner. The heat released during combustion heats the walls of the heat exchanger, which, in turn, heat the coolant. Through the pipeline, it enters the radiators, where it cools slightly. After that, the coolant returns to the boiler heat exchanger, where it is heated and the process is repeated.

The figure shows a standard two-pipe scheme for individual heating and hot water supply of an apartment with a coolant outlet for "warm floors".

Advantages and disadvantages

Before you decide to install gas heating in an apartment: the pros and cons must be determined immediately. So, the advantages:

The happy owner of individual heat supply pays only for the amount of cubic meters of blue fuel that he actually spent on heating. In this case, the more economical the boiler, the lower the gas bill.
The owner of the "autonomy" does not pay for heat losses during the transportation of the coolant. As practice shows, this is up to 30% savings.
The individual heating system allows you to independently set the most comfortable thermal regime in the premises.
This apartment heating system allows the owner to start and end the heating season at will.
Modern equipment for "autonomy" is quite compact and has several levels of protection.

In addition, according to statistics, the owner of an "autonomous apartment" saves on utility bills by more than 2 times. Despite the abundance of advantages, a person who decides to refuse central heating must really represent all the shortcomings of individual heating that he will have to face.

The availability of heat and hot water supply depends on the gas pressure and the availability of electricity. If in your home a regular blackout is the norm, then in order not to freeze in winter, you should better refuse such a heating system.
This system requires regular maintenance and expensive maintenance.

Before you start creating an individual heat supply for your own home, you must understand that as the owner you take full responsibility for the serviceability and proper use of the system. Remember that improper operation of gas appliances can lead to an explosion, from which the entire apartment building will suffer.

Autonomous gas heating in an apartment building: what you need to know?
When individual gas heating of an apartment in an apartment building is a necessity. What you should be prepared for, abandoning the central heating supply. Scheme, principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages of "autonomy".

Now many apartments are tied to central heating, that is, there is a boiler room - which supplies them with heat and hot water. It's not always cheap, or rather it's not always cheap! Because the systems (pipes) are often worn out, there is a huge loss of heat, and the management companies have a free hand, they can wind up as much as necessary. In general, we overpay for such heating mercilessly! However, now more and more developers are presenting apartments with the so-called autonomous heating, and this living space is a little more expensive, but later it quickly pays off. If you do not know what it is, then read our article ...

Let's start with a definition.

Heating system- this is an autonomous heating system for an apartment or house, which does not come into contact with external central systems. Usually you have either a gas boiler or an electric boiler in your apartment - you yourself already regulate the heat supply and water heating.

That is, no losses to the central system, just turn it on at home and enjoy, very reasonable and logical. Now let's go over the main systems that can be installed in apartments.

Gas autonomous heating

At the moment, the most common, because gas itself is a very cheap fuel. The principle is simple, you make a water system with aluminum or cast iron batteries, install a boiler, it is almost always double-circuit, supply gas to it, and connect the system.

The boiler supplies you not only with heating, but also with hot water, which is also not unimportant! As a result, you pay only for the consumption of gas and cold water (which is heated by gas).

System advantages :

This is undoubtedly cost-effectiveness, when compared with the central option, the difference can reach 3-5 times!
This is a convenience - you can turn on the boiler at any time, you are not tied to a centralized option.
Can be combined with electric heaters, such as underfloor heating.
You can remake pipes and batteries, for yourself.

Minuses :

The gas boiler requires maintenance every year.
If broken, repairs can be frustratingly expensive.
You yourself need to monitor the heating system, this is a boiler, pipes, radiators.

As you can see, the pros and cons are significant. But from my own experience, I can tell you that an autonomous gas system is just a treasure for an apartment! Here is a simple example - the area of \u200b\u200bmy living space is about 82 square meters. meters, I pay from 2000 to 2500 rubles a month for heating, I have a central system + hot water for about 1000 - 1200 more, total - 3000 - 3700 rubles! My friend has the same area, maybe a little more (about 90 squares), he pays about 1000 - 1500 rubles a month for everything, he has a boiler, respectively, he heats the water through it! Feel the difference?

Electric option

Not so economical, however, has recently been developing very rapidly. You can install the heating elements directly into the radiators themselves and not “fence” a lot of water pipes. Also now there are warm floors (mats or film), convectors, improved radiators with high efficiency, etc.

That is, if your house does not have gas - it does not matter, you can make autonomous heating of rooms and water with electricity.

It is cheaper than central heating, although not as significant as gas, saving up to two times here.

pros :

The devices are diverse, these are floors, convectors, radiators, heat guns, etc.
You don't need a gas line to the house.
Can be done almost anywhere there is electricity.
You can power it from alternative sources (sun, wind), we will get big savings.
Savings compared to central heating.

Minuses :

Such heaters require powerful wires, that is, the wiring must withstand them.
Wiring must be calculated and installed by professionals.
If the electricity is cut off, there is no heating, respectively!

I will say this - electrical options are becoming more efficient every year, efficiency is growing, technologies are improving (read at least about vacuum batteries), if it goes like this, then in 5 - 10 years they will approach gas in efficiency.

Now if you install electric heating for yourself, then it is about 2-2.5 times more efficient than the central one.

Other options

Of course, now there is also heating with solid fuel (coal, firewood), but it is difficult to use it in apartments! You will not store bundles of firewood for the winter, will you? And yes, it is a fire hazard.

Alternative sources, this is another matter, now there is geothermal, solar, wind, etc. heating. Of course, the efficiency is not always 100%, but if you combine all three at once, it can turn out not even bad - I would say almost for nothing.

Probably, now many people thought - damn it, how cool, I also want to heat up autonomously in the apartment, I’ll cut off these “central” radiators - I don’t need them! Yes, guys, I thought so too, but our government does not think so, you can’t just cut off the batteries in the apartment! We are reading this article. Therefore, those who have central heating may not even dream of installing autonomous heating for themselves.

That's all, I think, now you understand - what it is and why it is needed at all. If you are buying a new apartment, pay attention to this!

Autonomous heating, what is it? Apartments or houses, which is better
Often, developers indicate that their apartments have autonomous heating, but what does this mean?

In our country, the issue of high-quality heating in apartments is quite important - after all, the majority of residents live in high-rise buildings. And, alas, the state of the heating network, even in newly built houses, can rarely provide high-quality heating for each apartment during the cold season. Therefore, it is not surprising that recently many apartment owners have begun to look for an alternative heating option. And most often they opt for such an option as an autonomous heating system at home.

Boiler room of an apartment building

Benefits of Autonomous Systems

The system of independent heating of the house appeared for the first time in Europe. However, having a significant number of advantages, it quickly spread throughout the world. Today, in most countries, residents prefer to use individual systems for heating their apartments. And not in vain, since this method has a number of advantages over a centralized system:

affordable cost. It is this advantage of the system that often becomes decisive when a centralized system is abandoned. The fact is that even taking into account the fact that you have to pay for the amount of gas used for heating, you will pay much lower amounts for utilities. In addition, unlike a centralized system, you can use autonomous heating when it is needed. That is, if necessary, you can adjust the intensity of heating, and in case of departure - just temporarily turn it off completely. This saves a lot of money. In addition, you will not experience the inconvenience that occurs when one of the heating elements of the centralized system riser breaks down - after all, in this case, several apartments are left without heating at once.

In addition, the cost of a new building with autonomous heating is much lower. After all, the planning and installation of a centralized system requires a significant investment from the developer, which significantly raises the price of the housing itself.

increase in housing stock. There are often situations when the construction of an apartment building is impossible for a simple reason - in the construction area there is no possibility of connecting to the central heating main of the city. And this means that the only option to maintain heat in each apartment is to use autonomous heating systems. It should be noted that recently there are more and more houses with such a heating system. In many cities of Russia (St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Yekaterinburg, Bryansk, etc.), apartment buildings with autonomous heating systems were commissioned as early as 1999. And since that time, the number of high-rise buildings with individual heating of each apartment has been growing rapidly.

Heat supply scheme of a multi-storey building

saving natural resources. By phasing out centralized heating, users are thereby greatly helping to save a huge amount of resources that previously had to be spent on heating a house. In addition, with individual heating, it becomes possible to independently adjust the heating level. But even in this case, the heating boiler is often turned off by the user - that is, there is an additional saving of natural gas.
improving the quality of heating. In fact, those who switched from centralized heating to autonomous heating in an apartment building notice a significant improvement in the level of heating. Quite often this is due to the fact that heat is constantly leaking in a centralized system. In addition, autonomous heating of a residential building, located in one apartment, requires much less money and time for prevention.

Schematic diagram of heating a high-rise building

Another advantage of autonomous heating can be called the fact that the system also allows you to constantly heat water. That is, there is simply no need to use such resource-intensive boilers.

Disadvantages of autonomous heating

Like any other heating system, an individual one also has its drawbacks. The most serious are:

user negligence. Any system in the house, whether it be heating or sewer, requires periodic preventive inspection and maintenance. And often the reason for a significant decrease in the efficiency of the system is just the long absence of service repairs. As a rule, the system should be inspected by a specialist at least once a year. But many users simply forget about it, or simply do not want to spend money again. In fact, a preventive inspection of the system by a specialist is inexpensive, but it can save you from a major breakdown in the future.
the need to create a high-quality ventilation system and the negative impact on the environment. It should be noted that today the problem is less relevant than 10 years ago. The projects and rules for creating ventilation systems are approved by law, and quite a lot of attention is paid to this issue when planning a house.

Ventilation system of an apartment building

decrease in the efficiency of the system due to unheated adjacent rooms. Unfortunately, this problem is very relevant. It especially affects those who, having purchased an apartment with individual heating in a new house, do not have neighbors. In empty apartments due to the lack of residents, autonomous heating of houses does not work. That is - common walls always remain cold. As a result, this significantly reduces the level of heating in the occupied apartments. However, many owners of apartment buildings were able to solve this problem. A modern heating system is installed in each individual apartment, which allows you to automatically maintain the minimum level of heating, without requiring constant monitoring.

Every year more and more houses are put into operation, in which each individual apartment has its own heating system. The systems are regularly upgraded, which makes their implementation and use as efficient and more affordable as possible.

Autonomous heating system of an apartment building
Autonomous home heating system. Advantages and disadvantages of autonomous systems. Features of the autonomous heating device for apartment buildings.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building - myth or reality?

Individual heating boilers are now installed in many private homes. Often this is the only way to guarantee heat in the home and provide it with hot water. But is it possible to install autonomous heating in an apartment building?

More and more owners of housing in apartment buildings began to think about this issue. After all, bills for paying for heat energy are constantly growing, and it is quite difficult to find justice for power engineers. I would like to somehow reduce these costs.

Existing options for arranging autonomous heating

Today, there are many ways to ensure thermal autonomy in a private cottage. You can choose a boiler for liquid or solid fuel, or a gas or electric boiler. If renewable energy is more desirable, then any cottage roof has enough space for solar panels or a solar collector.

But autonomous heating in an apartment can be organized in fact in only two ways, using:

gas boiler from the main pipeline,
and one or another option for heating with electricity.

After all, the installation of a liquid and solid fuel boiler will require the arrangement of a boiler room with high-quality ventilation and fuel storage. Gas in cylinders is much more expensive than main gas and is much more explosive. It is generally forbidden to mount a water heated floor in an apartment building.

Option one: gas

An ideal option for an apartment is a gas double-circuit boiler. It will allow you to separately heat water for heating and for domestic consumption.

Modern models with a closed combustion chamber, as well as a full set of automatic ignition and combustion support, allow you to program the desired temperature. And then everything will function independently. In a large apartment, it is also desirable to put a storage boiler. It will allow you to shower and wash dishes at the same time.

Among the disadvantages of gas autonomous heating in an apartment building are:

Explosiveness. Although much smaller than in the version with cylinders, accidents cannot be ruled out.
Ventilation. A professional ventilation system must be installed in the room with the gas boiler. And its channels periodically require cleaning, otherwise they will quickly become clogged with greasy soot.
Smell and soot. For the operation of a gas boiler, a constant supply of fresh air and removal of combustion products is necessary. For this purpose, a coaxial chimney with a twin pipe is mounted. Street air is drawn in one at a time, and smoke is removed through the second. And although gas is considered a clean fuel, nevertheless, when it is burned, soot with an unpleasant odor is still formed. The latter will annoy both the owners of the apartment and the neighbors.

For the installation of individual gas heating, it will be necessary to purchase and install a gas boiler. Disconnect radiators from central heating risers. Then make the piping from the boiler and connect the batteries to it. Heating appliances and pipes can be used old, but it is better to replace them.

Lightweight aluminum radiators and polypropylene pipes are ideal for an apartment. Aluminum appliances are good for high heat dissipation, and the strength of polypropylene is quite enough for an autonomous heating system. At the end of everything, the boiler is connected - here you will need to call a representative of the gas service.

The best option for connecting batteries to a gas autonomous boiler is to connect them in parallel to a circuit with a diagonal power supply circuit. Heated water is supplied from above on one side, and the return pipe is connected from below on the other.

A valve is installed at the inlet, and a thermal head is installed at the outlet to control the temperature of the coolant. A Mayevsky valve should be installed on the free upper pipe, which will allow you to bleed air from the radiator.

In order for an autonomous system to function normally and smoothly, it must have:

expansion tank,
circulation pump,
safety, emergency valves
manometer.

Modern models of gas boilers, for the most part, already have everything you need in the kit.

Option 2: Electricity

Autonomous heating in an apartment using electricity as fuel can be arranged by installing:

electric boiler, the same two-circuit version,
warm floor,
infrared heaters,
and heat pump.

With an electric hot water boiler, the whole sequence of actions is the same as with a gas counterpart. Only there is no need to equip ventilation and a chimney.

Heating elements of a heat-insulated floor evenly warm up a floor covering which then already gives off heat to air. IR devices emit waves that heat the floor, walls and furnishings. The air in the room is heated already from them. Compared to traditional batteries, it takes much less heat to create comfortable temperatures with these methods.

But the greatest benefit in the apartment will bring heat pumps. Electricity is consumed only for the operation of pumps that pump outdoor air to extract thermal energy from it. In fact, this is a kind of air conditioner, it is only aimed at heating indoor air or water in a heat exchanger. You should also install high-quality air conditioners in the house. The cost of installing an air conditioner varies depending on the amount of work that you need.

It is a pure renewable source of heat energy. But you need to know that this equipment is effective only in climatic zones where outdoor temperatures do not fall below minus 20-25 C.

How to make autonomous heating in an apartment, which option to prefer can only be decided by the owner of the dwelling.

In warm areas, a heat pump will be most beneficial. And although it is much more expensive than other options, everything pays off over time. In cities with severe winters, a gas-fired boiler is preferable. You can also combine gas heating with electric heaters. During frosts, heat with gas, and during warming, turn on a heat pump or other electrical heating device.

Autonomous heating in an apartment building
How to make autonomous heating in an apartment building? Details in our article. Nuances and recommendations. Details further…

Existing options for arranging autonomous heating

But autonomous heating in an apartment can be organized in fact in only two ways, using:

gas boiler from the main pipeline;
and one or another option for heating with electricity.

Option one: gas

An ideal option for an apartment is a gas double-circuit boiler. It will allow you to separately heat water for heating and for domestic consumption.

Among the disadvantages of gas autonomous heating in an apartment building are:

Explosiveness. Although much smaller than in the version with cylinders, accidents cannot be ruled out.
Ventilation. A professional ventilation system must be installed in the room with the gas boiler. And its channels periodically require cleaning, otherwise they will quickly become clogged with greasy soot.
Smell and soot. For the operation of a gas boiler, a constant supply of fresh air and removal of combustion products is necessary. For this purpose, a coaxial chimney with a twin pipe is mounted. Street air is drawn in one at a time, and smoke is removed through the second. And although gas is considered a clean fuel, nevertheless, when it is burned, soot with an unpleasant odor is still formed. The latter will annoy both the owners of the apartment and the neighbors.

In order for an autonomous system to function normally and smoothly, it must have:

expansion tank;
circulation pump;
safety, emergency valves
manometer.

Modern models of gas boilers, for the most part, already have everything you need in the kit.

Option 2: Electricity

Autonomous heating in an apartment using electricity as fuel can be arranged by installing:

electric boiler, the same double-circuit version;
warm floor;
infrared heaters;
and heat pump.

With an electric hot water boiler, the whole sequence of actions is the same as with a gas counterpart. Only there is no need to equip ventilation and a chimney.

It is a pure renewable source of heat energy. But you need to know that this equipment is effective only in climatic zones where outdoor temperatures do not fall below minus 20-25 C.

Results

How to make autonomous heating in an apartment, which option to prefer can only be decided by the owner of the dwelling.

otopleniedomov.com

Pros and cons of autonomous heating in an apartment building

Many people, getting their hands on monthly utility bills, are wondering: how can you save? There are various ways to reduce waste and, first of all, autonomous heating. This option will allow you to save a significant part of the family budget. We often hear that energy prices are constantly rising in price, and it really is time to make a decision that will bring only savings.

If you live in an apartment building, then you have two ways to heat your apartment:

The first way to heat your home is central heating. For this type of heating, a sufficiently large amount of energy is expended, heat loss occurs during its delivery to one or another apartment. Therefore, this type of heating is expensive and thoroughly hits the pockets of many residents of our country.
The second way is autonomous heating, which is now very popular in our country. People who have tried this type of energy saving immediately appreciated its merits.

Of course, autonomous heating is a great idea for energy saving, but it also has its pros and cons.

Advantages of autonomous heating

Now we will consider in detail the second heating option and evaluate its merits. But first, we need to figure out what exactly an autonomous heat point is.

So, the heating point must be a separate room where the boiler equipment will be located. It must be of good power so that it can afford to provide heating and hot water to the entire apartment building.

In appearance, it is a mini-boiler room with a complete set of necessary equipment, systems and fixtures.

See also: Registration and payment of individual heating in the apartment

Modern technologies for providing heat to residential buildings began to be used in autonomous systems. The latter worked for one or more houses, which was doubly beneficial. This can be explained by the following reasons:

First of all, the distance from the heat generator to each individual apartment is significantly reduced. Heat losses are reduced due to the rapid transportation of heat carriers, which, in turn, is very economical due to a reduction in energy consumption for heating. Accordingly, the payment is reduced.
The time of heat supply from the boiler house to the consumer is reduced, which again affects energy overruns and heating.
Losses for the repair of heating networks will also be reduced, as their volume will decrease significantly. In this option, it will be much easier to repair and install networks than in a centralized heating system.

Following the foregoing, it is worth concluding that this heat supply system is very economical. And this means that the price for using this system can decrease significantly (up to a minimum).

Now it is clear that an autonomous system for an apartment building significantly outperforms a centralized heat supply system. It is much more economical, which is of great interest and demand among consumers. This heating system is advantageous due to the fact that the coolant is located very close to the consumer, namely, it reduces transportation costs and an excess of energy for heating, which makes autonomous heating a leader.

There is another significant benefit to this issue. A person himself determines for himself the beginning and end of the heating season. The heating temperature can also be easily adjusted, allowing you to save energy on the days you need it.

For example, frosts begin outside the window, but the heating season is still far away. In order to start the central heating, you need some permission and a long period of time. While you are waiting for all this, you will have to sit in a cold apartment. And if you have autonomous heating, then at any time without any permissions you can start it and enjoy a warm apartment. You can also install thermostats to select the desired temperature. This is an additional opportunity to save the budget.

Another advantage of autonomous heating is the ability to use it when building a new house. When a new object crashes into centralized heating, a lot of permits and documents are required. Therefore, in these situations, most developers choose autonomous heating, which attracts the attention of new buyers.

Freed up space is also considered an advantage of autonomous heating, because any other structure can be placed on the site where the boiler house for the whole microdistrict is located. If every house in the area switches to autonomous heating, then a centralized boiler house will no longer be needed. It is advisable to use this territory for the construction of a new house, clinic, school or kindergarten, which in turn will also be relevant for any area.

Disadvantages of autonomous heating

In this matter, of course, there are certain shortcomings. However, they are much less than the advantages, but they should not be forgotten.

Among the disadvantages of autonomous heating are the following:

The boiler room, which will autonomously heat a detached apartment building, should be located in a separate building. It is necessary to allocate a small area for it (usually it looks like an extension near the house and does not take up a huge space).
Such mini-boiler rooms pollute the environment, so special filters should be purchased for them, which should also be spent on.
The equipment is not particularly popular due to the fact that it has not yet been delivered to conveyor production. Therefore, its price is quite high.

Types of decentralized heating

There are two types of decentralized heating:

The modular boiler house (block) is of great interest to consumers. The structure here is mounted quite quickly: a room is being built from prefabricated blocks, and it is already ready for the installation of heating equipment. The main thing is to correctly arrange this building and only experienced specialists should perform such work. Only with high-quality work performed, the boiler room will be able to serve for a long period.

Wall-mounted boilers for heating one apartment.

Independent heating of each apartment separately is very economical and efficient. For this, wall-mounted boilers are used, which can work both on gas and on electricity. Most consumers tend to choose wall-mounted boilers rather than floor-standing ones.

This can be explained by a number of reasons:

wall-mounted ones practically do not take up any space, unlike floor-standing boilers;
the wall-mounted boiler in some way replaces the mini-boiler room, as it is equipped with all the necessary appliances;
such boilers are able to heat an apartment up to 100 m2;
modern manufacturers can offer single-circuit and double-circuit boilers, which makes it possible to additionally use hot water.

An important factor is the correct choice of the boiler. It must be equipped with a pump, tank, automation and other very important elements, without which its work will not be as productive.

See also: What does the housing office do before the heating season

Summing up, it can be noted that the high cost of installing such equipment does not frighten the inhabitants of our country, and the majority seeks to spend money now, and then live in peace and enjoy profitable savings.

When planning for the future, many citizens want to switch to this type of heating, because it will enable the country to reduce energy consumption and help get rid of existing debts.

zhkhinfo.ru

Organization of autonomous heating in an apartment building

An increasing number of their owners are thinking about such an organization for heating their homes. Unlike employers, they can transform the available "square meters" at their own discretion, within certain limits. Heating is a rather painful issue for all of us. If you look at the “payment”, then the most impressive amount in the last column (payable) is indicated in the line precisely for this energy resource. Is it possible to somehow solve this issue by improving the situation both in terms of the quality of the service provided and its cost? All the advantages of individual heating systems in an apartment building, options, problems that will have to be dealt with when switching to this type are described below.

Varieties and their description
Preparation stage
Boiler selection criteria

It is pointless to explain that the specifics of arranging autonomous heating depends not only on the characteristics of the apartment and house itself, but also on the region. In each of them, the administration is empowered to establish its own rules, including in the housing and communal services sector. Therefore, further - only general recommendations on the choice of an individual heating scheme and installation features.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of such a solution for an apartment:

Complete independence from utilities. The owner himself sets how to adjust the heating in order to achieve a comfortable temperature regime.
The possibility of heating the home at any time, even after the end of the official season. For families with small children - a weighty argument.
Lack of dependence on external factors - accidents on the highway, sluggishness of public utilities and the like.
Reducing heating costs, and quite significant.

First, the total includes all Gcal consumed by an apartment building, although some of them are lost even before they enter the system. Uninsulated heating mains are a common phenomenon. Therefore, we pay not only for the heating of our apartment, but also for the environment. And not through their own fault. And if we add here the maintenance of heating networks (maintenance, repair), the salaries of the personnel and administration involved, it becomes clear that all this is at our expense.

Secondly, public utilities are trying to choose their own to the maximum. It is for this reason that radiators literally blaze with heat even at positive temperatures outside the windows. We can't really change anything. Having equipped autonomous heating, the owner pays only for the energy resource (depending on the scheme) used up in fact.

Perhaps not everyone will agree with this statement, but the main drawback of such heating (if we are talking about a water circuit) is in the design of a package of permits.
For an apartment building, depending on the year of construction, there are a number of restrictions on the choice of scheme. More on this below.
Additional financial investments. Although when selling an apartment, this minus turns into a plus, as its market value rises.

System Options

1. Electrical diagrams.

They are positioned as one of the cheapest and most effective. But how acceptable are they for heating the entire apartment, and not just for floor heating? Consider their shortcomings, since the plus in terms of autonomy is obvious.

Heating cables. The main disadvantage is the installation only in the screed.
Mats. The option is more acceptable, but the uniformity of heating is in question.
IR films. The optimal view, but there are some difficulties here. For example, in rooms with excessive humidity.

A common drawback of all electrical circuits is the need to completely replace the wiring (it is not designed for the power of heating devices) and devices in the power panel (AB, RCD or others).

2. Water circuit.

Starting its installation in the apartment does not make sense. First of all, due to an excessive increase in the load on the slab (screed + pipes). Permissions are given extremely rarely, with numerous reservations.

3. Individual gas heating.

What should be done:

Purchase a low-power boiler (wall-mounted version).
Crash inside the apartment into the common house circuit.
Install bypass, elements of shutoff valves.
Install a heat meter at the pipe inlet. This is the main thing that public utilities cannot resist.

What does such an autonomous heating scheme give:

The ability to set an acceptable temperature in the apartment.
Security in emergency situations. If the boiler fails (for example, the power supply is cut off), you can immediately switch to central heating.
Reduced utility costs. You will have to pay for heat only according to an individual meter.
You can turn on the heating at any time, even in summer, if it is cold outside (and in the house).

The disadvantage in the form of material investments is quickly leveled by profitability. Yes, and getting permission (when installing the meter) is much easier.

Where to begin?

1. "Shoe" in legal terms.

You should start with the legal "literacy program". Officials are very sensitive to the wishes of apartment owners to switch to individual heating. And this is understandable, knowing how much they “have” from only one apartment building under this article. They operate with the Federal Law “On Heat Supply” (No. 190), while keeping silent about the fact that there is also a Government Decree (No. 307 of 2012). The last document is more interesting for the owner. In particular, it provides a list of equipment that is prohibited for installation in an apartment building. This a priori means that everything else for heating is allowed.

2. Contact a specialist.

It is not entirely correct to suspect public utilities of greed alone. If we analyze this aspect from a technical point of view, it becomes clear why they are so reluctant to give permission for the transition to autonomy.

Firstly, the general house scheme ensures uniform heating of all apartments without exception. In them, initially, all heaters (radiators) are the same, and some temperature difference in the rooms (and insignificant) is caused only by the number of storeys, the quality of the insulation of the rooms (mainly window openings) and their location in the house (corner or not). When switching to autonomy, the owner of the dwelling regulates the microclimate in it at his own discretion. There is a possibility that he will set the temperature lower than that of the neighbors. In this case, part of the heat will “leave” from them through the ceilings and walls to it. In this regard, public utilities, assessing the feasibility of installing individual wiring in a separate apartment, take into account the interests of all residents of the house.

Secondly, who will monitor the system if the owner leaves, and for a long time? After all, most likely, he will turn it off. As a result - cooling of the room, freezing of partitions and engineering structures in this part of the route. First of all, plumbing.

When planning the installation of individual heating, you need to get substantive advice from a professional. It will help you choose the most suitable equipment and circuit. Without this, it is hardly worth starting anything. Yes, you will have to pay for the project. But it is he who will become a weighty argument in defending his right to such heating.

3. Prepare a package of documents.

The list is specified in the Housing Code (Article 26). However, you should first contact the service organization (MC) and clarify what needs to be prepared to obtain permission to switch to individual heating, since, most likely, some other documents will be needed in addition to those noted in the LCD.

Statement of the owner of the apartment.
Ownership document.
Technical / passport of the dwelling.
A project (and autonomous heating scheme) drawn up by a certified specialist.
Written consent of the persons registered in this apartment.

It makes no sense to list all the nuances, especially since the administration will suggest a further algorithm of actions, based on local specifics.

How to choose the right boiler?

There is nothing difficult in this. What to pay attention to?

1. Option - wall equipment. Even for a large apartment, 24 - 28 kW is enough. Those who are interested in the issue of an accurate calculation of power will easily find the relevant information. But it makes no sense to install more than 28 kW in a high-rise building.

2. The heating unit must have an open combustion chamber. Then you do not have to break the wall to bring out the coaxial chimney.

3. The boiler must be double-circuit. It will ensure both the functioning of the system and the supply of hot water - there is no need for a geyser.

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Autonomous heating in an apartment building: pros and cons

Not every public utility can boast of good or even sufficient quality of heating. There are many reasons for this, both objective and subjective, but the result is the same - heating the apartment becomes a personal matter of its owner. You can solve this problem with the help of additional heat sources - oil radiators, convectors, and so on, or capitally: install an autonomous heating system for your own home.

Autonomous heating: pros and cons

The independence of the system is its main advantage. All advantages and disadvantages are consequences of autonomy.

Heat supply mode - are set according to the desire and capabilities of the people living in the apartment, and not the capabilities of the communal household of an apartment building. Extend the heating season or make it shorter, turn it off if the home is left for a long time, or set it to the minimum heating level - any option is available and doable.
Heating regulation - the air temperature in the apartment is determined by its inhabitant. In most cases, an independent system allows you to install a thermostat on each radiator, which makes it possible to create an individual thermal regime.
Savings - despite the hefty initial costs - if we are not talking about an electric boiler, the cost of heating in an apartment and maintaining the system itself is significantly reduced compared to paying for centralized heating services.
In the case of installing a double-circuit water-heating boiler, it is possible to independently provide the home with hot water all year round.

The disadvantages of autonomous heating are associated with the fact of its installation and the need to independently take care of its normal functioning.

Installation - all elements of the system are purchased independently, installed by hand or with the help of specialists. The initial expense is quite significant. The photo shows the working moment.
The installation of the heating system is associated with the partial destruction of wall partitions, the integrity of the floors, and so on. Most likely, in the dwelling after this it will be necessary to carry out at least cosmetic repairs.
Repair of devices and maintenance - is carried out by representatives of service centers on various conditions. But in any case, paying them is only the problem of the owner. Deciding whether this is a disadvantage or an advantage is sometimes difficult.
Installation of autonomous heating requires permission. Of the above, this circumstance is perhaps the most difficult and tedious, judging by the reviews. However, these requirements are not only a product of bureaucratic activity, but also prevent the installation of illegal non-certified equipment, which poses a serious danger to all residents of an apartment building.

The convenience and efficiency of any version of an independent system so much exceeds the costs of effort, time and money for its installation that there can be no two opinions: if installation is fundamentally possible, then it is worth implementing it without delay.

Autonomous heating: water

The most common option for housing in an apartment building is water heating with a gas boiler as a heat source. There are several reasons for this.

Alternatively, an electric boiler can be used. Its advantage is expressed in a much simpler installation, a much smaller amount of permits, and it practically does not need preventive maintenance. The boiler takes up less space, the double-circuit version provides hot water. However, payment for electricity costs often nullifies all of these advantages.

Water is an available coolant with high heat capacity. When the system is turned off, heat is retained for some time, providing time to organize alternative heating methods. In the photo - a water radiator.

The disadvantages of the system are the same as those of a conventional centralized water system: it takes time to warm up the premises, pipes become clogged over time, which reduces the efficiency of the system, the material of the pipeline, radiators and boiler wears out, and the like.

The second important drawback is that permission is required to use a gas boiler. In no case can the installation of the latter be done by hand. Installation by non-specialists - "local craftsmen" acting without the permission of the relevant organizations is not allowed. The penalty for such spontaneous action is the least of the possible consequences, since the incorrect functioning of the boiler threatens with a serious danger to others.

Autonomous heating: gas convector

This option is more common in country houses, judging by the reviews, while it can also be used in apartments. The basis is the use of natural gas, but the heating scheme is somewhat different.

A gas convector or heater is placed directly in the room and heats the room "directly": cold air is taken in through the slots in the lower part of the device, heated in the heat exchanger and supplied to the room.

Advantages.

Since the actual air of the room is heated, that is, there is no intermediate link in the form of heated water, the room is warmed up much faster.
Again, due to the absence of an intermediate heat carrier, heating costs are lower: the air heats up faster and circulates faster.
Installation of devices is simpler - there is no need to lay a water pipeline and calculate the mutual influence of supply and return pipes.
The efficiency of a fairly large number of models is higher than that of gas boilers.

Flaws.

Every year, utility bills are growing more and more, and heating bills are breaking all records. At the same time, the quality of services provided by housing facilities leaves much to be desired. Poorly insulated heating mains, old and rusty pipes, the annual rise in the cost of the coolant - all these factors suggest that it is not so troublesome to make autonomous heating in an apartment.

Transition to autonomy: reasons

The popularity of individual heating is growing every day. There are several reasons for this growth:

Autonomous heating in the apartment makes it possible for residents not to depend on the “outside temperature” and sanitary standards - there is no need to wait until, according to the housing office, it becomes cold enough outside. You are cold - this is a sufficient reason to start the heating season.
With hot water, the same thing, you no longer need to heat water with saucepans - you will always have it, even in summer.
Installing autonomous heating in the apartment allows you to regulate the temperature in the room yourself.
If your house has the wrong distribution of heating systems, then in winter the apartment will always be too cold or, on the contrary, hot. Complaints to various authorities are unlikely to give a tangible result - no one will redo the heating system of the entire house or entrance.
Significant savings - after all, having individual heating in the house, you will pay only for the heat that you used, without paying for losses in the heating main.

How to get permission

To install autonomous heating in an apartment, permission must be obtained in several places at the same time. Moreover, in Russia and Ukraine, this process is approximately the same. To begin with, it is worth noting that if you live above the tenth floor, then you can forget about autonomous gas heating in the apartment, you will never receive permission for it.

In all other cases, you need to obtain permission from the local executive authorities. This is the stage where the biggest problems usually occur. For some reason, it is believed that if one or more apartments in the house switch to individual heating, then the owners of the remaining residential premises will suffer - the hydraulic regime will go wrong, the heat balance will be disturbed and, as a result, the temperature of neighboring rooms will decrease. Therefore, you simply will not be allowed to refuse centralized heating. There are 2 ways out of this situation:

The first is to demand from local authorities that your application be considered by a special interdepartmental commission, it must be created at each executive committee and hold its meetings at least once a month. Members of the commission will conduct an inspection, study all the risks of disconnecting your apartment from the heating network and make a decision within 30 days.

The second is with the help of the sanitary and epidemiological station or employees of the heat communal energy itself to fix the discrepancy between the quality of the heating network services and sanitary standards. On the basis of this act, it is necessary to demand in court the termination of the contract with the company servicing the heating network, motivating your claim with the low quality of the service provided. After receiving a court decision and terminating the contract, you can safely stop paying your bills. You can not be afraid of growing debts, since you did not conclude a contract and did not order a service, so if the heat supply company goes to court to recover the debt, most likely they will refuse it. In this case, the utilities will have two options - to continue to supply you with the service for free or to disconnect your apartment from the central heating. And that's all you need.

After the cherished permission is received. you need to contact the design company, where the technical conditions and the design of the new heating system will be developed.

Apartment heating: features

The installation of autonomous heating in an apartment differs from the heating system of a private house, primarily in that it will not be possible to equip a full-fledged boiler room. Therefore, it is worth thinking carefully about how it will be implemented.

Autonomous heating in the apartment can be implemented using gas, electricity and, in rare cases, solar energy. Each of these systems has its own characteristics.

Autonomous heating gas water heater

Such heating systems are not only completely environmentally friendly, but also quite effective, especially in cases where high-quality thermal insulation of the premises is ensured. Unfortunately, due to the high cost of the installation itself and the installation work, it is quite expensive to install such heating for one apartment.

Autonomous heating in the apartment: issue price

As you already understood, the transition to individual heating is quite expensive, but it is not possible to name the exact amount. First of all, you need to decide on the type and necessary equipment. The calculation of the power of both a gas and an electric boiler should be carried out based on the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room and the lowest possible temperature outside. In addition, add the cost of project development, consumables and installation work, as well as the amount of any state duties and fees when issuing permits.

Thus, the cost of autonomous heating can vary between 60 - 160 thousand rubles, depending on the above factors.

Personal heating in the apartment: profitable or not

If it seems to you that organizing autonomous heating in an apartment is too expensive, then remember how many times a month you had to turn on the fireplace, and how much money you took to the pharmacy when you treated cough and runny nose earned in a cold apartment. Of course, in order to install autonomous heating in an apartment, it is very difficult to obtain permission, but all the high cost and time spent will pay off in just 5-6 years, and you will enjoy this benefit much longer. So feel free to discard all doubts and go to collect the necessary documents.

Saving money and energy resources largely depends on the method of supplying energy to apartments. The issue of choosing a system is considered one of the most relevant for the owners of modern apartments. This is due to rapidly rising fuel prices, significant heat losses, inefficient use of heat energy and an unstable heat supply schedule. Most of these problems can be solved by autonomous heating in an apartment building.

The most optimal solution is considered to be heating with connection to the central gas pipeline or electrical network. For apartments, it is advisable to use wall-mounted boilers, which are also divided into gas and electric.

Benefits of an autonomous system

With decentralized heating, the quality of services does not depend on external conditions, but on the power of the equipment used, which allows you to get a comfortable temperature at any time of the year. Compared to a centralized system, individual heating has a number of advantages:

Reducing the cost of paying for heat. Autonomous equipment can be used if necessary, independently adjusting the heating indicators. In the event of departure, the system can be completely turned off, which will significantly save money.
Improving the quality of service. Everyone who decides to transfer housing to autonomous heating, note the improvement in the quality of heating. This is due to the absence of heat leakage, which often occurs in a centralized system. In addition, the installed heating element is located in close proximity to the apartment, which reduces the time for supplying resources, reduces the cost of maintaining, servicing and repairing networks.
Independence from general city traffic and the beginning of the heating season, as well as accidents on the highway, problems with the work of utilities and other factors.
Saving natural resources, which is achieved through the rational use of energy.

Disadvantages of autonomous heating systems

The need for repair. Any heating system requires regular checks and maintenance. The efficiency of the equipment may be reduced due to the long absence of maintenance, which should be carried out annually. Some owners often forget about this or avoid expenses, which often leads to serious breakdowns.
Reduced efficiency of equipment due to lack of heating in neighboring apartments. This problem is relevant for new apartment buildings, where a large number of apartments are empty for a long time. Common walls with neighboring empty rooms remain cold, which reduces the level of heating in the occupied apartments. The owners solve this problem by installing modern heating systems in each apartment, the equipment ensures automatic maintenance of the minimum heat level without constant monitoring.
Transfer to autonomous heating requires obtaining permits for the installation of the selected equipment.

Significant difficulties can also be caused by the choice of a place for a separate boiler room, most often the system has to be installed in the courtyard of a multi-storey building. For a gas boiler house, you will need to make an auxiliary unit for removing exhaust gases.

Boiler houses

To organize decentralized heating for an entire apartment building, it is necessary to install a boiler room. The best option in this case is to use a separate room at a short distance from the house. There are also projects that involve placement in the basement or in the attic. In such systems, several massive boilers are combined, combined with collectors and heaters, and often several heating circuits are used.

A full-fledged free-standing boiler room is an expensive system that pays off after a long time. A popular alternative is a modular or block design. For such a boiler house, a separate small platform is allocated, on which blocks are installed and connected into a single system. All elements are completed at the factory, each device is selected in accordance with the technical parameters.

The most important thing is to correctly connect all the blocks, perform commissioning and commission the system.

Features of wall equipment

Wall-mounted gas and electric boilers are the most popular and efficient solution for autonomous heating. The expediency of using such installations is due to the following factors:

Due to its compact size, the equipment can be installed even in small-sized kitchens, while their appearance does not violate the integrity of the interior.
By its design, the boiler is a mini-boiler room, it consists of a circulation pump, an expansion tank and sensors that ensure maximum safety in use.
Modern equipment is designed for high power for 35 kW, which is enough to heat 100 sq.m.
The choice is represented by single-circuit and double-circuit boilers. The latter option also serves to heat water.

Electrical heating systems

To date, electrical equipment for decentralized heating is considered the most economical. In the operation of such devices, as a rule, the principle of water polarization under the influence of alternating current is used.

Connecting one apartment involves a simple autonomous system with the installation of an electric boiler with an anode operating principle. The use of dual-circuit systems implies the possibility of arranging underfloor heating through a separate circuit. For small rooms, the best option would be special batteries with individual heating, which allow you to independently adjust the heat indicators.

A more complex process is the transfer of the entire residential building to an autonomous electrical system. To do this, you should first resolve issues with the substation, calculate the expected load on the power grid in accordance with the power of the transformer. If necessary, switchgears should be replaced. This event must be coordinated with the energy company.

Important! Most older systems and wiring will not be able to handle the heavy loads. Therefore, in a house converted to autonomous heating, it is recommended to replace incandescent lamps with LED sources, as well as to reduce other energy costs.

Gas equipment

It is rather difficult to install gas equipment for decentralized heating systems, since the installation requires a pre-prepared technical project, permits and high competence of specialists.

Connection of one apartment involves the installation of a gas boiler, in which the specialist seals the equipment and records it in the log book. Installation of gas devices requires a powerful ventilation system. It is this factor that in most cases is the reason for refusals to issue permits. This problem can be solved with the help of a separate chimney, which is brought out with the installation of a filter. A conventional ventilation system will not work in this case; an additional supply valve must be added to it.

For the apartment, wall-mounted installations with two circuits are used - they provide enough power to heat a small room and at the same time serve as a boiler for heating water. The gas boiler is equipped with an open or closed combustion chamber and does not require additional installation of a flue. The fan performs the function of supplying and extracting air from the street, and the combustion products are eliminated through special pipes. The device does not need a separate room and can be installed in the kitchen, as this is the most ventilated room.

The economical use of heat resources already over the next few years of operation makes it possible to recoup the cost of the boiler. A multi-stage safety system protects the equipment from overheating in the event of a water pump breakdown, and the burner automatically shuts off. External temperature sensors with the help of external control keep the optimum level of heat and stabilize the intensity of water heating.

Conditions for placing wall-mounted heating boilers

Certain requirements are imposed on the premises in which a wall-mounted gas or electric boiler will be placed.

Compliance with the conditions ensures the maintenance of a comfortable temperature in the cold season, as well as a high level of safety during operation.
The room should not be less than 4 square meters. m in area, the ceiling height is more than 2.5 m, and the width of the entrance opening is more than 80 cm.
The room should have at least one window for natural light.
Other gas or electrical appliances are not recommended to be placed closer than 40 cm near the boiler.
In addition to arranging ventilation, it is necessary to install a layer of fireproof material between the boiler and the wall.

Important! Individual heating of an apartment building is an effective system, but its work will be fruitless if you do not reduce heat losses that have arisen from the structural problems of the building. To do this, it is necessary to replace obsolete window blocks, insulate the walls of the building from the outside, as well as the roof and attic floor.

Features of installation work

The installation of a gas boiler differs from an electric one, first of all, by the need to equip a chimney and a ventilation system. In the case of electrical equipment, only a separate water and drain connection is required.

The equipment must be installed on a solid load-bearing wall, a certain height is selected before installation, marks are placed and the strips are fixed in the places of future fastening. The recommended installation height from the floor is 1 to 1.5 m. The equipment is supplied with wiring diagrams and manufacturer's instructions, which must be followed during installation work. Depending on the installed pipes, a coupling, threaded or flanged connection method is used. Compression fittings and cold welding are also used.

An autonomous heating system is a high-performance module of an apartment building, which can significantly reduce the cost of paying for heat energy. Boilers for the whole house and boilers for individual apartments require special measures for the maintenance and repair of equipment, however, all costs are offset by savings in money and resources. One system is able to fully meet the needs of residents in high-quality heating and timely supply of hot water.

Homeowners in urban high-rise buildings are accustomed to the relative convenience of central heating, as they do not have to think about maintaining it, turning it on or off. However, in recent years, more and more residents are inclined to equip their own autonomous heating in an apartment in a multi-storey building, as they face many problems caused by insufficiently efficient and conscientious work of housing and communal services. So, the coolant temperature set in the central boiler room is not always satisfied. For example, it is warm enough outside, and the batteries are hot to such an extent that you have to open all the windows wide open. Or, on the contrary, the radiators are a little warm, and harsh frosts suddenly set in outside the window.

Another important point is the dependence of heating on emergency situations in the entire system, up to the boiler house and heating mains. So, a pipe break in one of the sections of the heat supply line deprives several houses of heating at once. Such a moment is especially unpleasant at the peak of winter cold.

The inconvenience of central heating also manifests itself in the off-season - in the autumn and spring periods, when the heating has already been turned off or has not yet been started, and the apartment is cold. In such cases, you have to use electric heaters and pay rather big sums for electricity.

Those who decide to take control of the heat supply of their homes under their own control, having equipped individual heating, as a rule, have a lot of questions. Therefore, further, various nuances associated with such a transition will be considered.

Advantages and disadvantages of individual apartment heating

Before proceeding directly to action, you need to find out what advantages autonomous heating provides to its owners. But no less valuable is information about the difficulties that will be encountered in its arrangement and operation.

So, the presence in the apartment of a heating system independent of the heat supply line provides the following advantages:

The ability to create comfortable conditions in the apartment at any time of the year, regardless of the general operation of the general heating system. An urgent need for this arises in the off-season, since in spring and autumn day and night temperatures vary significantly. Yes, and summer, as we know, is able to present "surprises". The central heating system is switched on according to the standard schedule. There are also emergency launches, but it always takes several days (to analyze the situation and put it into operation), during which residents may experience significant discomfort.

The ability to set the most comfortable temperature in the apartment during the cold season. Everyone knows that apartments located in the end part of the house are colder than those located between several apartments. Therefore, the requirements for the temperature of the coolant in the system will be different. However, utilities do not always take into account these factors, charging the same amount of payment for heating, focusing only on the area of \u200b\u200bhousing.

It is impossible not to take into account the personal needs for warmth of each person, since one individual likes it warmer, and for another, such a microclimate in an apartment seems unacceptably hot.

Autonomous heating system can be easily adjusted to the desired mode of operation. For example, if homeowners are absent from home all day, then there is no need to “drive” the heating system in vain. You can set it to the minimum required heating, and upon arrival home, the temperature of the coolant can be increased.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with operating mode programming systems that can be set both according to the daily routine of the owners, and according to the alternation of weekends and working days. For example, by the time the owners come home from work or study, the system will automatically bring the temperature in the rooms to the most comfortable level.

Many modern heating boilers are equipped with control units connected to GSM or IP communication channels. Thanks to this, they can be controlled remotely and remotely using a phone or computer.

Payment for heating will also be significantly reduced due to lower energy consumption, since modern boilers, both gas and electric, are tuned for minimal energy consumption and its most efficient use - they have a high efficiency, reaching up to 95 ÷ 100%.
By choosing a unit with two circuits for installation, it is quite possible to refuse not only central heating, but also hot water supply. Thanks to this, the apartment will always have hot water, regardless of whether preventive work is carried out in the heating network in the summer or not.
Another important factor in cost savings is that payment for heating will be made only in the winter, when the system is actually in operation. The fact is that you will have to pay only for an electric or gas meter (depending on the choice of the boiler). There is an opportunity to clearly personally control the consumption of resources. For central heating, you usually have to pay year-round.

However, in order to transfer an apartment to independent heating and hot water supply, you will have to go through a lot of bureaucratic formalities. They can be attributed to the main disadvantages of such a reorganization.

All work carried out must be agreed with the relevant organizations and carried out in accordance with established rules. Unauthorized reconstruction will not remove the obligation to pay the costs for the provided central heating services, and also threatens to impose a large fine on the owner of the housing.
Paperwork both for turning off central communications, and for drawing up a project, as well as installing autonomous equipment, will require a lot of time, patience and money.
If you plan to use a gas boiler for heating, then the room where it will be installed must be equipped with an effective ventilation system, as well as a chimney.

Installation work on the installation of a gas boiler must be carried out by qualified specialists from the relevant organization. Therefore, it will not be possible to implement them on their own - and this also entails additional costs.
In addition to the costs of installation work, the reconstruction will require considerable costs both for paperwork and the purchase of all necessary equipment.
Responsibility for the safe operation of autonomous heating, as well as for carrying out preventive maintenance, rests with the homeowners. Control over the implementation of all these regulations is carried out by specialists of the relevant organizations. The owner of the apartment will be obliged to provide unhindered access to the heating equipment.

Despite all the difficulties with the design and installation of an autonomous system, as well as one-time rather high costs, the benefits of this heating system are obvious. Over many years of operation, these investments will certainly pay off. and even several times. And the most favorable microclimate for the owners will always be maintained in the apartment.

Documents required for the transition to autonomous heating

The first thing to consider when starting a reconstruction is the timing of paperwork. Therefore, if it is planned to receive heat from an individual heating boiler next winter, then the process must be started in advance. So, practice shows that permits are issued and "wander through the authorities" within three to five months. Installation work can begin only after all permits have been received, and they will take several days.

Approval and obtaining permits

It is necessary to start this whole lengthy process by clarifying the list of documents required for drafting a project, purchasing and installing equipment. There is a list of documentation approved by Art. 26 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The basis for the reconstruction and (or) redevelopment of residential premises." This document is taken as a basis, since when installing a heating boiler, as a rule, some redevelopment is required.

Redevelopment in apartments of multi-storey buildings should be carried out in accordance with established requirements and in agreement with local governments. To obtain approval, a package is collected, consisting of the following documents:

Application-petition for redevelopment of residential premises. The standard form of this petition is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
A copy of the certificate of the right to own housing, certified by a notary, is an agreement on transferring it to ownership or the right to inherit.
Also, a photocopy of the technical passport of the apartment certified by a public notary.
Designed housing redevelopment project.
A copy of the document, which indicates all the tenants registered in this apartment.
Consent to the redevelopment of the premises. This document is a list of all adult residents of the apartment, indicating the full name and year of birth. Opposite their name, each of them must put a personal signature, which confirms the consent. The document is drawn up on one sheet.
If the house in which the apartment is located belongs to architectural monuments, then a permit from the organization involved in the protection of cultural heritage will be required.

When addressing the collected package to local authorities, the owner of the apartment should know that they are not entitled to demand additional documents from him that are not provided for by the above article. Having handed over the package for approval, in return for it, the owner of the apartment must receive a receipt, which will list all the documents contained in it.

Further, the self-government organization, after appropriate verification and approval, sends the package to the administration of the city or administrative region, where the documents are approved. In this case, it is necessary to know the time frame during which the applicant must be provided with a reasoned answer.

Consideration of the application and the issuance of a verdict on permission or refusal must be given no later than one and a half months (45 days) from the date of submission of the documentation. And the applicant must receive his copy of the conclusion issued by the commission no later than three days after the decision is made.

The ban on redevelopment of housing may be due to the deterioration of the living conditions of other residents of the house or apartment. This moment is indicated in the norms and rules for the technical operation of housing, approved by the Gosstroy of Russia No. 170 dated September 27, 2003.

As indicated in the list of documents, it includes a project for the redevelopment of the living quarters. Before the project is drawn up, it is necessary to obtain permission from the controlling gas and heat supply organizations to disconnect from the central communication systems and install autonomous gas equipment. If permission is obtained, then a project is drawn up for the reconstruction of the premises and the installation of an autonomous heating system. The finished project is coordinated with the relevant organizations.

All of the above documents, except for the project itself, must be prepared in advance, as they will need to be presented in all instances that affect the drafting of the project.

Documentation is issued in the following order:

The first step will be to visit the city or district heating networks. In this organization, you must obtain permission to turn off the apartment from central heating. A permit document can be obtained if the disconnection of communications from a particular apartment does not disrupt the operation of the engineering equipment of the entire house or the apartments located next to it. There can be no other justification for refusal.

In some cases, the application for disconnection from the heating network is submitted through the housing department.

If an unreasonable refusal is received from the heat supply organization, then it is worth contacting the courts with this document to resolve this conflict.

Having received a positive conclusion from the heating systems, you can go with it to the gas service of the city or district. There it is necessary to obtain technical conditions for the installation of stand-alone equipment. This document must be issued within ten calendar days from the date of application.
When both permits are obtained, you can go to the design department of the energy company or to another design organization authorized to deal with residential buildings. If the heating boiler was purchased in advance, then its passport with technical characteristics should be attached to the general package. The project will take into account all the submitted data, including the technical conditions for the organization of autonomous heating.

In order to get acquainted with the requirements that regulatory organizations impose when issuing permits, it is necessary to study the document SNiP41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" clause 6.2 "Individual heating systems".

If there is no possibility or desire to independently solve the problems of permits with design organizations, then their execution can be entrusted to the design company. In some regions of the Russian Federation, this process is handled by one of the departments of the gas service. These additional services, of course, are already provided for a fee.

Drafting a project

The reconstruction project is drawn up according to the submitted documentation. Therefore, before transferring the package to the design organization, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the technical conditions obtained in the gas sector. Given them, you must independently draw up a sketch of the desired (from the point of view of the owner) location of the heating equipment.

However, it is necessary to correctly imagine the situation - the exact place where the boiler will be installed can be determined by specialists after they study the floor plan of the apartment.

The project is the main document according to which the premises will be reorganized, and then the heating equipment will be installed. Therefore, the efficiency of the system and the convenience of its operation will depend on how correctly it will be developed.

The project includes a considerable amount of information that characterizes the heating system being created:

The climatic conditions of the region in which the house is located.
The main technical and operational characteristics of the building.
Energy carriers that can be used for the functioning of autonomous heating.
The characteristics of the heated premises of the apartment are their area and volume, the number of rooms, the location of the loggias.
financial side of the issue.

Based on the collected and systematized information, the location of the boiler, its recommended type, as well as the required heat output are determined.

Specialists of design or energy companies will make accurate calculations, making the heating system not only efficient, but also economical to the maximum. If the organizations that will subsequently approve the documentation are developing projects themselves, then it is best to take this opportunity and entrust the development of it to them. In this case, there will be no possibility that serious errors or omissions will be made in the document.

However, whoever is entrusted with the task of compiling the project, the customer must actively interact with its developers. This is due to the fact that in the process of work, several options for redevelopment are often considered. These options are presented to the customer for consideration, and he chooses the most optimal of them - already from the point of view of the owner of the apartment. The parameters of the heater, as well as the range of parts, materials and components necessary for the installation of the system, often depend on this choice.

The project is being developed in stages:

The first step is to consider the sketch of the equipment location provided by the customer. If the owner of the apartment has not developed his own version, then it is best to draw up a sketch together with a specialist designer.
Further, the paths for laying the heating circuit are considered and determined. If you plan to leave the old circuit without replacement, only with the necessary modifications, the developer must be warned about this in advance.
The next step is to prepare documentation on the main components and devices of the heating system.
An estimate is being made.

Specialists responsible for a particular area of operation of the heating system will definitely take part in the drafting of the project - this is heat supply, ventilation, energy supply, and, if necessary, architecture.

As a result, the documentation will consist of several parts, each of which defines different aspects of the project implementation:

Descriptive part. It provides data on the meaning and content of the project. This section consists of several subsections:

- the location of the apartment in the construction of the house;

- features of the layout of the apartment and the location of living rooms.

This section specifies where the apartment is located - in the middle part of the building or from its end, regional climate features are indicated. This information is necessary to determine the type and optimal power of heating equipment, including the boiler itself, radiators or other heat exchange devices.

Technological calculations are the main part of the project. This section determines the volume of coolant required for the operation of the heating unit in different modes. In addition, the optimal temperature for its heating is indicated, which will provide comfortable conditions in all areas of the apartment.

Based on the calculated parameters, the power of the boiler for heating is selected (as a rule, a double-circuit one, that is, immediately and to solve the problem of autonomous hot water supply).

This part also defines possible heat losses during room heating. And on the basis of the obtained indicators, conclusions are drawn about the efficiency of the heating system.

All calculated data are reflected in the graphic diagram, which is also included in this part of the project. This document will become a guide for installers during the practical implementation of the project. By the way, all these parameters must be strictly observed during installation and installation work. Otherwise, the commission accepting the system into operation may simply not allow its launch.

Specification. This part of the project provides information on all the necessary components and materials for the installation of the heating system. The same section may include a drawing-scheme, which indicates the location of devices and connecting nodes.

This information is used when acquiring everything necessary for the assembly of the heating system, and then - when bringing its installation.

Recently, the project is often supplemented with a graphic representation of what should be the result. This part of the project helps to visualize how the heating system will look after it is installed. The image is made using computer programs, usually in three-dimensional projection.

When submitting an application for the preparation of project documentation, it is necessary to clarify the reasons for the transition to individual heating. This is necessary so that specialists know what to focus on when working on a project.

After the project is ready, a copy of it must be sent to the company that will control the subsequent operation of the equipment.

You may be interested in information about what is

Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

Another question that necessarily arises before the owner of an apartment who decides to transfer it to autonomous heating is the choice of a boiler according to the power source. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 307, paragraph 44 of 04/16/12, which refers to heat supply systems, identifies devices that do not meet the established safety requirements. Therefore, the units included in the list of this document are prohibited for installation in apartments located in multi-storey buildings.

Simply put, in this case, only one of two options can be chosen - an electric boiler or a gas-fired one. Which one is better suited for the conditions of the apartment, more economical and safer?

To answer these questions, we can briefly consider their characteristic features.

A gas boiler

For autonomous apartment heating, gas boilers are often used. However, when choosing a unit, you need to know that it must meet certain requirements. These conditions are defined to maintain safety as well as the efficiency of the system.

These requirements include the design features of the unit:

The boiler must have a sealed (closed) combustion chamber.
Automatic shutdown of the gas supply should be provided in the following cases:

- when the burner flame goes out;

- in case of malfunctions in the protection circuit;

- in the event of a power outage;

- when the gas supply pressure drops below the limit value:

- when the coolant overheats above the established norm;

- in the presence of malfunctions in the chimney system.

The permissible heating temperature of the coolant should not exceed 95 degrees.
The coolant pressure in the system should not exceed 1 MPa.

In addition, gas boilers are divided into single and double-circuit, for example,. As mentioned above, the former are designed only for heating the apartment, and the latter - both for space heating and for heating hot water for domestic needs. Naturally, zealous owners most often prefer the second option.

When submitting an application for disconnection from the heating network, it is necessary to indicate the type of device in it. This is due to the fact that consent must be obtained from heating networks to disconnect not only from the central heating main, but also from the hot water supply.

Another important factor is the choice of the type of boiler at the location, as they are floor or wall. Due to the small areas of most city apartments, wall-mounted options are most often preferred, since boiler equipment is installed in kitchens or on an insulated loggia.

Wall-mounted boilers have a fairly compact size and neat exterior design. They practically do not differ in appearance from ordinary gas water heaters. The chimney from the heating gas unit is brought out into the street through the outer wall of the house, therefore, this particular wall or adjacent to it is chosen for its placement. The window next to which the boiler is hung often immediately solves the issue of ventilation of the room.

The wall-mounted boiler has ample power to heat a standard-sized apartment.

If funds permit, a condensing boiler should be preferred. It is more efficient and economical in operation - it implements an additional selection of thermal power due to the condensation of water vapor contained in the combustion products of natural gas. The gain in useful power compared to a conventional boiler with equal consumption of "blue fuel" is 10 percent or more.

Gas boilers for heating and hot water supply - which one to choose?

A wide variety of gas boilers on sale can, to a certain extent, play a “cruel joke” with the consumer - significantly complicate the choice of a suitable model. What parameters should be paid special attention to, which models should be preferred? About all this in a separate - in a separate publication of our portal.

Arrangement of a room for the installation of a gas boiler

Separately, it is necessary to mention the premises of the apartment where it is planned to install gas equipment. The safety of the residents of the entire house will depend on its proper arrangement.

To place a gas boiler, you cannot choose an arbitrary room of the apartment, guided by some of your own master's interests. The premises must meet certain requirements, the list of which includes the following points:

The equipment cannot be installed in any of the living rooms of the apartment.
The area of the room must be at least 4 m².
The entrance door to the room cannot be less than 800 mm wide.
The room must have a window facing the street.
The unit is hung on a wall or installed on the floor, at a distance of at least 300 mm from another gas-powered appliance, such as a stove.
It is not allowed to connect the chimney of a gas boiler, as well as the columns, to the general house ventilation system. The pipe must be brought outside through the outer wall. The most convenient in this respect is the use of coaxial chimneys with forced air intake and exhaust of combustion products.
Some gas boilers with high power require the installation of forced ventilation in the room, that is, equipped with an exhaust fan. If such a requirement is indicated in the technical conditions for arranging a room for installing a specific boiler model, then a fan of the appropriate capacity will have to be inserted into the window.
The wall-mounted boiler can only be installed on a wall made of non-combustible material. The floor area under the floor version of the device is usually lined with ceramic tiles.

If at least one of the requirements cannot be met, the commission that accepts the gas equipment will not sign the act of permission to put it into operation.

Based on the list of requirements, we can conclude that the gas boiler can be installed in the kitchen or in the loggia associated with it. The loggia must be well insulated in advance. These rooms are most suitable for the installation of gas equipment, since the gas supply riser is traditionally located in the kitchen.

The kitchen room of the apartment must have a window facing the street, as well as a doorway of the required width. In addition, general ventilation channels pass through the kitchen, which are also necessary when arranging a room for a “mini-boiler room”.

Gas boiler prices

a gas boiler

Electric heating of the apartment

Unlike gas equipment, it is much easier to install an electric heating option, since there are much more places where, for example, the same boiler can be hung on a wall.

The main thing to consider when choosing the area for installing equipment is the possibility of connecting a heating circuit to it, as well as supplying a power supply line of the required power. The presence of a ventilation system, as well as pipes for the removal of combustion products, is not required.

If it is decided to choose an electric heating option, then before starting the implementation of the plan, it is necessary to contact the energy company with a request to check the availability of free energy resources in the house. This organization must give written permission to connect devices of the required power and apply for disconnecting the apartment from the central heating and hot water supply. The homeowner must submit this application to the heating network, and a copy of it is attached to the general package of documents.

The list of other documentation for the transition to electric heating will have to be clarified with the energy company, as well as with the self-government organization. The administrative regions of Russia may have their own requirements for the use of electricity for heating.

In any case, for the installation of electric heating equipment, the number of documents that will have to be collected will be much less than when choosing a gas boiler.

Heating an apartment from electricity can be implemented in different ways, which allows you to choose the best option for a particular case:

Installation of an electric boiler with connection to a classic heating circuit with a coolant circulating in it.
Direct heating from separately installed convector appliances
Fixed or mobile infrared heaters or fan heaters.
Underfloor heating system using a heating cable or infrared film.
Several different electrical appliances used in the complex.

You may be interested in information about what characteristics they have.

Heating with an electric boiler

If it is intended to leave the heating circuit in its original state, only by disconnecting it from the central heating, then it is connected to an electric boiler. Passing through the heat exchanger of the electrical unit, the coolant is heated and enters the closed heating circuit. Then, having passed the circle and cooled down, it returns again for heating. To make the circulation of the coolant more intense and controlled, a special circulation pump is built into the system.

Modern electric boilers are equipped with automatic control. Thanks to such systems, the boiler can be programmed not only for a specific coolant temperature, but also for a specific mode of operation by hours and days of the week. That is, the device will not function constantly, but at the time and with the heat output that is beneficial to the owners of the home.

In specialized stores, wall-mounted models of electric boilers with a power of 5 to 60 kW are presented, as well as floor-standing options that have a much higher power of 60 kW or more.

To determine which of the models in terms of power to choose will help the specialists producing in the preparation of the project. The choice of the unit will depend on the characteristics of the heated apartment, its area, the number of windows and balconies, the type of window frames installed, etc. An approximate guideline when choosing the power of a heating boiler is 1 kW per 10 m² of the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, although these can be argued with.

If it is necessary to install a boiler with a power of 9 kW or more to heat housing, then you will have to re-equip the apartment's electrical network - start a three-phase line and install a three-phase meter. A unit with a larger capacity may only be installed with the approval of the home maintenance utility. But, as a rule, since we are talking about an ordinary apartment, single-phase units with a power of up to 9 kW are more than enough.

You might be interested in information on how to choose

An electric boiler can be installed in the kitchen, bathroom, one of the utility rooms or in the hallway. And all the necessary communications (pipes and cables) can be placed hidden - remove them into the wall or under the floor surface.

By the way, electric boilers are completely miniature. For example, electrode-type units are distinguished by their compactness. That is, finding the best place for them will be even easier. You may be interested in information about how they have proven themselves

You can talk a lot about electric boilers, as they are represented by several types, differing even in the principle of converting electrical energy into thermal energy. But it is better to read about it in a separate detailed publication.

What is an electric boiler and how to choose one?

These units attract with their compactness, ease of installation and management, high performance. A special article of our portal will help to understand the diversity and even independently calculate the required power.

Priceselectric boiler

electric boiler

Heating an apartment on the principle of direct heating with electrical appliances

This heating option includes heating from separately located electric heaters or a “warm floor” system. They can also be used in combination.

This heating option is chosen in cases where you want to get rid of the heating circuit pipeline, as well as radiators that, according to the owners, spoil the interior of the premises.

In addition to convectors, the rooms can be equipped with a system of cable or film infrared "warm floor". The simplest and most affordable, both in terms of price and complexity of installation, is the film version. It can be equipped with ordinary linoleum or laminate and does not require hiding with a screed.

When using two different types of heating devices for heating, they can be combined into one system for ease of control by connecting to a common monitoring and control unit. With the help of automation, temperature regimes can be set for different times of the day, as well as for the days of the week. If there is no desire to complicate the heating settings, then the system can also be adjusted manually by setting the desired temperature directly on the convectors or on the “warm floor” thermostat. This option is convenient in that you can set different temperatures in each of the rooms.

You may be interested in information on how

* * * * * * *

Let's sum up the electric independent heating of the apartment.

If electricity is chosen as the source of energy, then in order to ensure safety, it is necessary to equip a ground loop. Without its installation, the commission may not issue a permit for the operation of autonomous heating.

Electric heating, unlike gas, is a safer option. Compared to central heating, it also has the advantage of being able to precisely set the desired temperature, as well as paying only when it is actually used.

The disadvantage of heating from the power supply can be called the fact that if the electricity is turned off for any reason, the apartment will remain not only without light, but also without heat. And if in the area where the apartment is located, power outage is a constant phenomenon, then it is better to give preference to gas equipment.

In addition, electric heating is still a very "expensive pleasure", especially since the upward trend in electricity tariffs looks depressingly stable.

But if, nevertheless, it is the electric option that is chosen, then you should listen to the recommendations of experts:

For heating from electricity, it is necessary to stretch a dedicated power cable from the switchboard.
For autonomous electric heating, it is necessary to install a residual current device (RCD) or a differential machine. They are designed to protect against damage in case of current leakage to the body of electrical appliances. This is especially true if the circuit is assembled from metal pipes.
In order to save as much as possible on electricity consumption when using it at night grace hours or at weekend rates, it is recommended to install a multi-tariff meter.

Some nuances of installation work on the installation of an autonomous heating system for an apartment

All work related to the reconstruction of the heating system in the apartment is carried out only by specialists of companies that provide heat supply to the housing stock. The task of the masters will be the following actions:

Temporary shutdown of house central heating mains.
Cutting the heating circuit or heating radiators from the risers with the subsequent restoration of the integrity of these risers.
Connecting a closed circuit of an apartment to a gas or electric heater.
Testing the installed system.

These rules are in place to ensure the safety of both the owners of a particular apartment and the residents of the entire building.

On your own (with your own hands or with the invitation of experienced plumbers) you can install pipes and install heating batteries if you plan to completely change the circuit. This is usually done after cutting off the radiators in the rooms from the risers. It is worth taking on such work if you have good skills in conducting plumbing installation operations. At the same time, the assembly of a new heating circuit is carried out strictly according to the scheme attached to the design documents, with strict observance of the specification and all other parameters of the system being created.

* * * * * * *

Before you decide to reconstruct the heating and hot water supply in the apartment, refusing the services of centralized heating in favor of autonomous heating, you need to carefully consider all the points. In addition, it is recommended to calculate the cost of arrangement and the possibility of savings in the operation of an autonomous system. After weighing all the pros & cons, you can make the final decision.

By the way, we should not forget that, alas, you still have to pay for general house heating. True, these amounts will be incomparably small compared to those that came earlier monthly and year-round.

You might be interested in knowing what is

Finally - a video in which the owner of the apartment, who has been using an autonomous gas heating system for more than a year, shares his vision of its advantages and disadvantages. learn from the link.

Video: Autonomous heating in the apartment - "pros" and "cons"

Evgeny AfanasievChief Editor

Publication author 19.08.2018

What to prepare for? Educational program for beginners

The device and principle of operation of the individual heating system

Advantages and disadvantages

Gas autonomous heating

Electric option

Other options

Benefits of Autonomous Systems

Disadvantages of autonomous heating

Autonomous heating in an apartment building - myth or reality?

Existing options for arranging autonomous heating

Option one: gas

Option 2: Electricity

Existing options for arranging autonomous heating

Option one: gas

Option 2: Electricity

Results

Pros and cons of autonomous heating in an apartment building

Advantages of autonomous heating

Disadvantages of autonomous heating

Types of decentralized heating

Organization of autonomous heating in an apartment building

System Options

Autonomous heating in an apartment building: pros and cons

Autonomous heating: pros and cons

Autonomous heating: water

Autonomous heating: gas convector

Transition to autonomy: reasons

How to get permission

Apartment heating: features

Autonomous heating gas water heater

Autonomous heating in the apartment: issue price

Personal heating in the apartment: profitable or not

Benefits of an autonomous system

Disadvantages of autonomous heating systems

Boiler houses

Features of wall equipment

Electrical heating systems

Gas equipment

Conditions for placing wall-mounted heating boilers

Features of installation work

Advantages and disadvantages of individual apartment heating

Documents required for the transition to autonomous heating

Approval and obtaining permits

Drafting a project

Equipment for autonomous heating of an apartment

A gas boiler

Arrangement of a room for the installation of a gas boiler

Electric heating of the apartment

Heating with an electric boiler

Heating an apartment on the principle of direct heating with electrical appliances

Some nuances of installation work on the installation of an autonomous heating system for an apartment

Video: Autonomous heating in the apartment - "pros" and "cons"

Components of a three-phase Resanta ASN

Manual garden vacuum cleaner. Garden vacuum cleaners. German electric vacuum cleaner blower