Name: comes from "vitilis" - climbing.

Description: has about 70 species, distributed mostly in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. In the southern regions of the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, in the Crimea and in the Far East, 5 species naturally grow.

Grape variety "Yangi Er"
Photo Vinyarsky Dmitry

Creepers climbing with the help of twisting stem tendrils, located opposite to simple, deeply palmately lobed leaves. The flowers are bisexual, or dioecious (then the plants are dioecious), small, fragrant, collected in racemose inflorescences. The fruit is a juicy edible berry. Widely used for vertical gardening on mesh supports.

The first mention of the cultivation of species of the genus Vitis in the botanical garden of St. Petersburg is found in 1824, but probably refers to plants of protected ground. The testing of species in the open field began with V. amurensis Rupr., brought by K. I. Maksimovich from the Amur region and initially in 1857-1862. grown in greenhouses. Since 1858, it has been tested in the open field in parallel with the closed ground, and since then it has been constantly growing in the park (1858-2005).

In the second half of the XIX century. 4 more species were tested, but all after or while growing them in greenhouses: V. vulpina L. (= V. cordifolict Michx.) (?1824, 1858, 1892-1898, 1945-1967, to 1980-?, 2002), V. riparia Michx. (?1824, 1869-1898, before 1940-1962, 1973-2005), V.thunbergii Siebold et Zucc. (1865-1913, 1959-1963), V.labrusca L. (1879, 1951-1967, 1978-2002). All these species in the St. Petersburg climate are not winter-hardy enough, often freeze heavily, but recover.

Grape variety "Shatilova №6"
Photo Vinyarsky Dmitry

The main experiments on growing species of the genus in open ground took place in the 20th century, especially in the second half, when A. G. Golovach tried to restore pre-existing species in the collection and test new ones. In total, 15 species passed through the nurseries of the Garden during this period, of which 12 appeared in the collection for the first time: V. coignetiae Pulliat et Planch. (1912-?1941, 1948-1972, 1980, 1989-2002), V. palmata Vahl. (= V.ru-bra Michx.) (before 1941-1980), V. davidii(Carriere) Foex (1949-1966), V. acerifolia Raf. (= V. longii Prince) (1951-1963), V. arizonica Engelm. (1954-1968) V. berlandieri planch. (1954-1962) V. x doaniana Muns. (V. candicans x V. vulpina?) (1954-1968), V. piazezkii Max. (1954-1968) V. wilsonae Veitch (1954-1968) V.monticola Buckl. (1956-1963) V. candicans Engelm, et Gray (1957-1987). Since 1947, several of the most winter-hardy varieties have been tested. V. vinifera L. Until 1992, the park kept (without shelter for the winter) "Northern White", "Seedling Malengra", "Buy-Tur".

According to V. I. Lipsky and K. K. Meissner (1913/1915), V. amurensis and V. thunbergii were introduced into the culture of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden, about which E. Regel wrote: “They were introduced by K.I. Maksimovich and distributed by the Botanical Garden to all European gardens" (1873: 89).

mountain grapes- Vitis monticola Homeland - North America. Liana up to 10 m high. Shoots are long, thin, hairy in youth, with antennae. Leaves of various shapes are ovate, round, reniform, with shallow lobes, serrated along the edge, dark green above, shiny, grayish green below, reaching 10 cm in length. In youth, they have a thin cobweb pubescence. The flowers are rather inconspicuous, appearing in June. To obtain fruits, it is necessary to have specimens with staminate and pistillate flowers, since the plants are dioecious. The fruits are collected in short and wide, highly branched clusters. Sweet berries have a dark color of varying intensity. Ripen in September. In culture since the end of the 19th century. Suitable only for southern regions due to low winter hardiness.

maple-leaved grapes- Vitis acerifolia Raf. Homeland - North America. Grows in river valleys, on sandy banks. Branchy, low, low climbing vine. Shoots are hairy or gray tomentose with short tendrils. The leaves are broadly ovate, 7-12 cm long, shallowly three-lobed, with a wide notch at the base, pubescent along the veins below. Inflorescences 3-7 cm long, on short stalks. The flowers are small yellowish. Blooms in June. The fruits are large - up to 8-12 mm, black with a bloom, with a thin skin, sweetish, ripen in September. In culture since 1830. Grown from St. Petersburg to the south. In GBS since 1982, 1 sample was grown from seeds obtained from the culture. In 3 years, the length of the shoots is 1.8 m, in 6 years 4.8 m. Vegetation is from late April to mid-October. Grows fast. Doesn't bloom. Winter hardiness is low.

Grapes Coignet, or Japanese- Vitis cognetiae planch. The range of the East Asian continental-island type: Russia (Sakhalin - south and Moneron; Kuriles - Kunashir, Shikotan, Yuri, Zeleny, Iturup), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku), Korea Peninsula. Sakhalin-Smoking-Japanese endem. In the flora of reserves is not specified. Grows in coastal shrubs. Light-loving mesophyte. In SakhKNII since 1963, it has grown well on an alpine hill. Doesn't bear fruit. In GBS since 1960 (from Sakhalin), in the shade it grows oppressively. Very effective, frost-resistant, powerful liana with large, heart-shaped rounded leaves (up to 30 cm in diameter), with 3-5 weakly pronounced lobes, dark green above, grayish or reddish-pubescent below, with a rarely finely serrated edge. Floral brushes are short. Fruits up to 0.8 cm, black with a bluish bloom, edible only after freezing. It grows very quickly, giving an increase of up to 4.5 m per season, frost-resistant. It is used in all types of vertical gardening, especially for decorating tall buildings. Its large lobed leaves turn bright crimson in autumn. In GBS since 1965, 3 samples (4 copies) from the gardens of Stockholm and Nogent-on-Vernison (France). In 8 years, the length of the shoots is 2.5 m. The plant grows from 17.V±5 to 17.X±9 for 153 days. Doesn't bloom. Winter hardiness is low. Rooted 100% cuttings when treated with a 0.01% IMC solution. In the middle lane, it is not very decorative. Grape wine from the fruit is used as a tonic. Juice from the antennae is used for dysentery and hemoptysis, infusion from the antennae - for gout, from the leaves - for diarrhea, vomiting, hemoptysis. Infusion of dry leaves - with frostbite (externally). Syrups and jams are prepared from ripe fruits. The tendrils, young stems and petioles are eaten as vegetables. Ropes can be made from the bark (Ishiyama, 1936). Known in culture (Wolf, 1915; Bailey, 1947; Shulgina, 1955; Dictionary of Gardening, 1956; Wyman, 1971). Cultivated since 1875 (Render, 1949). It grows in St. Petersburg, the Baltic states, Ukraine, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, Tashkent (Wood plants GBS, 1975). Photo Kravchenko Kirill

Grape labruska-Vitis labrusca L. Well known in landscaping c. Amur can be successfully replaced by no less decorative and frost-resistant c. Labruska from North America. It is the ancestor of most of the American cultivated grape varieties - the Isabella variety or a hybrid of V. forest with V. cultural, widely distributed along the Black Sea coast (Krasnodar Territory, Abkhazia), in Lenkoran, found in Ukraine. Due to its unpretentiousness, relative frost resistance (tolerates temperatures down to -20 ° C), intensive growth and beautiful foliage, it is of interest for vertical gardening in the southern regions of Russia. In a culture in Kaliningrad, Kyiv, Kharkov - bears fruit, in St. Petersburg and Estonia it is slightly damaged by frost, but grows easily; grows poorly in dry areas. A number of other varieties of V. labruska grow well in the northern regions of viticulture, including its winter-hardy hybrids bred by I. V. Michurin with V. Amur. Labruska is often used as a decorative, powerful vine with dense, beautiful foliage. It is a powerful vine with a woody stem, which in nature can reach 20 cm in diameter, rising high along the support and capable of forming dense thickets, as well as a powerful liana spreading along the ground. Blooms in July. The shoots are cylindrical, attached to the support by well-developed tendrils. Young shoots are densely pubescent. The leaves sit on long petioles, ovate or rounded up to 17 cm, entire, and sometimes lobed, have a wide notch at the base, serrated along the edge, dense, wrinkled above, dull, dark green. Young leaves below with white or grayish flaky pubescence, which eventually becomes reddish. The plant is dioecious. Flowers are dioecious. Pistillate flowers are collected in dense dense inflorescences up to 5-8 cm long, staminate - form looser inflorescences. The fruits are collected in small clusters containing up to 20 black-purple, reddish-brown, pink or yellow-green berries. Berries up to 2 cm in diameter, have a spherical or elliptical shape, covered with a wax coating, the flesh is sweetish. Ripen in September. It grows well on light loose sandy and sandy loamy fertile soils with moderate moisture, prefers slightly shaded places. Needs support. Winter hardiness is high, suitable for areas of the black earth belt and areas located to the south. Seeds need stratification at 0 - 3 °C for 4 - 7 months. After stratification, it is recommended to soak the seeds for 12 hours in solutions of gibberellic acid and oil growth substance. In culture since 1656.

forest grapes-Vitis silvestris gmel. Distributed in Moldova, Crimea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, as well as in Central and Southern Europe, Northern Iran. Available in the reserves of the Caucasus, Crimea, Central Asia. It grows in valleys and gorges in deciduous forests. Shade-tolerant mesophyte. Deciduous vine up to 20 m long, creeping along the ground in the absence of support. The bark on old trunks peels off in ribbons; annual shoots are sometimes slightly ribbed, biennial ~ smooth. Leaves are round-ovate, up to 9 cm, almost entire or shallowly 3-5-lobed, with a wide notch at the base. The flowers are yellow-green, fragrant, small, in paniculate inflorescences. The fruits are black, spherical berries with a bluish bloom. In GBS since 1952, 2 samples (5 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from the natural conditions of Kopet-Dag and reproductions of GBS. Liana, at 18 years old, length 3.0 m. Does not bloom. Winter hardiness is low. When treated with a 0.05% IMC solution, 33% of the cuttings take root. In the middle lane, it is not very decorative. Not recommended for landscaping. Differs in drought and cold resistance, is not affected by pests and diseases. It is used in decorative gardening for vertical gardening in the southern regions of Russia. More cold- and drought-resistant than V. cultural, resistant to phylloxera and fungal diseases, easily crosses with cultivated grape varieties. Berries are used in marinades, seasonings for food and in winemaking. In culture in Zhytomyr, Penza, Turkmenistan.

Fox grapes-- Vitis vulpina L. It grows in shady places, along the river valleys of North America. Powerful high-climbing vine with well-developed bifid tendrils, with the help of which it rises to great heights. Leaves are broadly ovate up to 15 cm, shiny, entire, rarely slightly three-lobed, with a narrow notch at the base. Very fragrant, small flowers are collected in many-flowered panicles. The berries are spherical up to 1 cm in diameter, black, with a slight bluish bloom and thick skin, in cylindrical clusters up to 25 cm long. For better germination, seeds require stratification. Embedding depth 1.5 cm. It is frost-resistant, maintains decrease in temperature to -28 °C. Avoid soils containing lime. It is used as an ornamental plant for vertical gardening and as a rootstock for cultivars to increase their immunity. In a culture in Lithuania it freezes slightly, but it blooms and bears fruit, in St. Petersburg and Estonia it partially freezes over. Often grown in Ukraine.

Common grape-Vitis vinifera L. Distributed in culture since ancient times and has a huge number of cultivars. The origin of this species is not exactly known. Liana up to 20 m, with 3-5-lobed, heart-shaped leaves up to 15 cm in diameter; with large inflorescences of fragrant, inconspicuous flowers. The fruits are berries, black with a bluish bloom. Grape ordinary photophilous. In the conditions of the Moscow region, it can freeze slightly, even with shelter, so it is better to use it for landscaping the southern regions of Russia. Prefers fertile soil. Requires support, designed for vertical gardening. Seeds need stratification at 0 - 10 °C (optimum 5 °C) for 3 - 7 months. They germinate better with weekly heating at 30 ° C for 3 hours 2 times a day. In the Black Muscat varieties, stratification can be replaced by washing in water for 12 days (with 72% sprouted). O6treatment with gibberellic acid (100 - 2000 mg/l) of seeds of Black Muscat, Bangalore and Tokai varieties reduces and replaces cold stratification. For pre-scarified seeds, gibberellic acid is applied at a lower concentration. Embedding depth 1.5 - 2 cm. It has two decorative forms: purple(f. purpurea) - with light red when blooming, later purple leaves; split-leaved(f. apiifolia) - with very showy, dissected leaves. The main species and its forms are used for vertical gardening in areas of varietal grape cultivation. "Purpurea". In early summer, the leaves of this deciduous liana are bright purple and fluffy, then darken, become rich wine-violet. In autumn they turn into dark purple. They are medium in size and rounded with three or five coarsely serrated petals. Violet black fruits appear in early or mid-autumn, but almost never ripen in the Moscow region.Interesting for its decorative effect.This plant looks spectacular when grown with shrubs that have silver foliage. Photos EDSR.

coastal grapes,or fragrant- Vitis riparia Michx. Eastern and southeastern regions of North America. It grows in moist thickets of shrubs, along the banks of rivers. Photo Skorodumova Tatiana It differs from other species in powerful growth (rises to a height of up to 25 m), broadly ovate, mostly 3-lobed, bright green leaves, coarsely serrated along the edge. Flowers in large inflorescences up to 18 cm long. The fruits are purple-black, with a thick bluish bloom, inedible, up to 0.8 cm in diameter. Seeds can be stored at room temperature for up to 1 year without loss of viability. Seeds need to be stratified at 1-10°C (optimum 5°C) for 4 months. It is better to germinate stratified seeds after pre-heating for a week at 30 ° C for 3 hours 2 times a day. Embedding depth up to 1.2 - 1.5 cm. In GBS since 1951, 3 samples (11 copies) were grown from seeds obtained from the culture. At 17 years old, height 5.4 m. Vegetation from the first decade of May to the end of October. The growth rate is average. Blooms from the end of June to the end of the first decade of July, about 2 weeks. The fruits ripen annually, in September. Winter hardiness is low. Seed viability 80%, germination rate 10%. Rooted summer cuttings. It is undemanding to the soil, drought-resistant, has a form with edible, early ripening fruits - (f. praecox). One of the best ornamental grapes with beautiful bright green leaves, fragrant flowers, the halls of which resemble the smell of mignonette, for which it received its second name. There are several hybrid varieties. In culture since 1656. Used for vertical gardening. Photo on the right Vinyarsky Dmitry

rocky grapes-Vitis rupestris Scheele Eastern and southeastern regions of North America. It grows on hills, on the slopes of mountains, on sandy shores. Weakly climbing vine up to 2 m high with red-violet shoots. A few antennae are poorly developed and easily fall off or are completely absent. The leaves are rounded, sometimes three-lobed, young pubescent, folded in half along the main vein. Mature leaves on both sides are bare, thin, smooth, shiny. The plant is dioecious. Blooms from late June to mid-July. The fruits ripen in September. The berries are spherical, 6-14 mm in diameter, black-purple or violet, with a thin skin, pleasant taste. We do not have varieties, the natural form is cultivated. In GBS since 1963, 1 sample (8 copies) was grown from seeds obtained from the culture. At 8 years, the length of the shoots is 4.5 m. Vegetation is from the first half of May to the second half of October. Doesn't bloom. Winter hardiness is high (winters under the snow). Grows well in full sun or partial shade. Fertile, light, non-calcareous soils are preferred. Drought-resistant, does not tolerate stagnant water. Relatively winter-hardy. It is better to remove young plants from the support for the winter so that they are covered with snow. When wintering under snow, it practically does not freeze, in snowless winters it can freeze slightly. On wet soils, it is easily affected by root mold. Tolerates long droughts. Easily grows together with vaccinations. Well cuttings. Seeds need stratification. Embedding depth 1 - 1.2 cm. Single and group plantings on lawns, separately and in combination with other shrubs. Large leaves contrast beautifully with conifers. Can be displayed as a rare plant. The berries are small, but they are used as food as ordinary grapes.

Location: photophilous, require fertile soils.

Landing: two or three years old are planted in autumn or spring. The size of the planting hole is 50 x 50 x 60 cm. The distance between plants is 1 m. Before planting, seedlings should be dipped in a mash composed of 10 liters of water, 0.4 kg of clay, 0.2 kg of 12% chlorophos and 0.2 kg iron sulfate. The soil mixture consists of humus, peat and sand, taken in a ratio of 3:1:2. The reaction of the soil is neutral or slightly acidic. Mandatory drainage of broken bricks and sand with a layer of 15-20 cm.

"Lydia"
Photo Utkina Maria

Care: Top dressing. In June, 40 g of urea, 80 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potassium chloride diluted in 10 liters of water are given. Organics are added under weakened plants or foliar top dressing is done: 15 g of urea or ammonium nitrate is dissolved in 10 liters of water. Watering. All types of grapes love moisture. Having deep roots, penetrating into the soil at 4 - 5 m, they endure drought for a long time. However, it is better to water once a month for 8 - 10 liters under each plant. If it rains regularly, then watering is not required. Loosening and mulching. It is advisable to mulch the near-trunk circles with peat or earth with a layer of 5-7 cm immediately after planting. Loosening is carried out when weeding weeds. Pruning. From June to August, creepers actively grow, they are tied to a support and form a crown. Lateral branches are cut into two or three buds, strong lashes - by 1 /3 length. Preparing for winter. For the winter, it is recommended to remove the vines from the support and insulate them with spruce branches, peat, and leaves. You can add to the roots of dry loose earth with a layer of up to 10 cm.

Diseases and pests: A big drawback of Amur grapes and its varieties is instability against the root form of phylloxera, incomplete resistance to its leaf form, and significant mildew susceptibility. At the same time, it is resistant to oidium. Other species are less susceptible to diseases and pests.

Reproduction: seeds, cuttings and layering. Seeds are sown in autumn or spring after 2-4 months of stratification. Blossom for 5-6 years. But it is even easier to propagate grapes with winter cuttings. After two years, rooted cuttings are planted in open ground.

Usage: wild grapes live long. It will make beautiful green arches, screens, trellises, awnings. He will wrap a gazebo, a pergola, a hozblok and even trunks of large trees, decorate the facade of a garden house. Lush luxurious carved foliage turns scarlet in autumn.

Coastal grapes (lat. Vitis riparia)- a representative of the genus Grapes of the Grape family. Another name is fragrant grapes. Under natural conditions, it grows in moist forests and along the banks of the rivers of the eastern and southeastern regions of North America.

Characteristics of culture

Coastal grapes - a powerful liana up to 25 m long with a stem equipped with discontinuous tendrils. The leaves are bright green, shiny, broadly ovate, three-lobed, serrated along the edge, up to 18 cm long. The flowers are faded, small, collected in large inflorescences, reaching a length of 10-20 cm. The fruits are spherical, fragrant, purple-black, with a bluish bloom , up to 1 cm in diameter, have a grassy taste, are not used for food.

Coastal grapes bloom in June - July for two weeks, the fruits ripen in September. Differs in frost and drought resistance. Tolerates frosts down to -30C. Undemanding to soil conditions. Ideal for vertical gardening. It has a form with edible fruits and several hybrid forms. Thanks to the crossing of coastal grapes with Amur grapes, the frost-resistant variety Buitur was obtained. Also, the following varieties were obtained from the considered variety of grapes: Taiga emerald, Northern black, Northern white, etc.

Coastal grapes boast phylloxera resistance and are easily propagated and grafted. Seed germination is low, usually up to 10%. Seeds need preliminary stratification, which lasts about 4-5 months. After stratification, the seeds need to be warmed up for 5-7 days, 3-4 hours a day at a temperature of 28-30C.

Landing

In many ways, the health of coastal grapes depends on the correct planting. The optimal distance between plants is 1.5-2 m, between varieties with edible fruits - 2.5 m. When growing vigorous varieties for vertical gardening of arbors and other small architectural buildings, a distance of 2.5-3 m is observed. in several tiers, in this case the distance should be about 0.7-1 m.

Grape seedlings are planted in pre-prepared pits, the width of which varies from 40 to 50 cm, and the depth is 10-20 cm more than the root system. At the bottom of the pit, a mound is formed from a mixture made up of earth mixed with compost or humus. A heel of a seedling is placed on top of an equipped mound, the rest of the roots are evenly distributed. The voids of the pit are filled with the remaining soil mixture and trampled down, then watered, sprinkled with loose soil, set a peg and form a low mound.

Diseases

The most common and dangerous disease of coastal grapes, as well as other species, is mildew. It affects shoots, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits. Foliage affected by mildew is bent, and oily spots with a diameter of about 2-3 cm are formed on its surface. Subsequently, the foliage is covered with a gray cobweb, which later becomes brown. As a result of untimely processing, the leaves dry out and fall off. A similar situation occurs with other parts of the plant. As a rule, mildew culture is affected in May-June due to high humidity and high temperatures.

Oidium also poses a danger to grapes. It affects leaves, buds and other above-ground parts of the plant. It is easy to detect it - first a white coating appears on the plant, then black dots, and later - spots. Leaves and flowers affected by oidium turn brown and fall off. With a strong lesion, an unpleasant specific odor appears. The disease is a consequence of hot and dry weather, or sudden changes in temperature.

Anthracnose harms the culture no less than the two previous diseases. It also infects the aerial parts of plants. Through holes are formed on the leaves, and spots with a dark purple border on the berries. Shoots as a result of the action of the disease are deformed, deep wounds appear on them. With untimely processing, the grapes die.

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Vitis, Grape. Climbing creepers with simple, deeply palmately lobed leaves. The flowers are bisexual, or dioecious (then the plants are dioecious), small, fragrant, collected in racemose inflorescences. The fruit is a juicy berry in a complex raceme.

Types and varieties of grapes

The genus includes about 70 species, mostly distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, 3 of them grow wild in Russia.

In culture, several species are grown and cultivated wine grapes.

Amur grape (Vitis amurensis)

Homeland - the forests of Primorye, China and Korea.

Liana up to 5-10 m long (in nature up to 20-25 m). The bark is dark brown, exfoliating in longitudinal strips. Young shoots are green or reddish. The leaves are rounded, up to 20-30 cm in diameter, 3-5-lobed, wrinkled, dark green, in autumn - red, purple-carmine, brownish-chestnut. Blooms from 3 years in July. Fruits in September. The berries are black with a bluish bloom, up to 1.2 cm in diameter, edible (from sour to sweet in taste). It is used as a rootstock for cultivars.

Widely used for vertical gardening in cultivation. Introduced into the culture of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden in the middle of the XIX century.

USDA zone 3. The most winter-hardy of all species.

Coignet grapes, or Japanese grapes (Vitis coignetiae)

Powerful liana, originally from South Sakhalin and Japan. Blooms in June. Berries are juicy, tart, edible.

Forest grape (Vitis sylvestris)

Liana, in the absence of support, takes the form of a creeping shrub. The berries are black (sometimes white), small, edible, but sour. Used for hybridization with cultivars.

Fox grapes (Vitis vulpine)

North American liana up to 5 m long (in nature up to 20 m). The flowers are small, very fragrant, collected in paniculate inflorescences up to 15-20 cm long. Young leaves may be damaged by late spring frosts.

Coastal grapes, or fragrant grapes, riverside grapes (Vitis riparia)

North American look. Used in breeding when breeding rootstocks for varieties in the conditions of the southern regions

Deciduous liana. It is hooked to the support with the help of antennae. The leaves are bright green, broadly ovate, mostly 3-lobed, shiny. The flowers are small, inconspicuous, but fragrant, collected in racemose inflorescences. Blooms in June-July. The berries are small purple-black with a thick bluish coating up to 0.8 cm in diameter. Ripen in September. Not edible - with a bland taste.

Coastal grapes, spring

Labruska grape (Vitis labruska)

Species native to North America. A liana climbing high on a support, capable of forming dense thickets. Blooms in July. Fruits with sweetish pulp, ripen in September. They are eaten both fresh and dried, wines, jams, syrups are prepared.

Winter hardiness is high.

Currently, more than 10,000 varieties are known, and thanks to the work of breeders, grapes can be grown in central Russia in open ground without the use of film shelters.

Cultivated grapes, or wine grapes, vine (Vitis vinifera)

A large liana of hybrid origin (in the wild is unknown, presumably, now extinct forms were the ancestors). Widely distributed in culture, currently the number of varieties has reached several thousand. In the southern regions it reaches a length of 30 m. The leaves are rounded, up to 20 cm in diameter, with lobes. The flowers are small, yellowish-green, collected in panicles. Fruits differ in shape, size and taste. Needs annual short pruning, without which it runs wild.

USDA zone 5-6. It is winter-hardy at annual shelter.

Varieties of cultivated grapes with increased winter hardiness: ‘ Kodryanka’, ‘Muromets’, ‘Agat Donskoy' and others. An interesting winter-hardy variety ‘ Brant', it has a very beautiful autumn color - red and purple leaves with green and yellow veins.

Fruit grapes, age 15 years, winter-hardy without shelter

Popular wine grape varieties:

"Vavilovskiy"- a vigorous vine, high-yielding with an average ripening period. Frost resistance is low, grown only in the southern regions;

"Korinka Russian"- a vigorous vine of early ripening. The cluster is small, the berries are rather small. Frost resistance is high;

"Beauty of the North (Olga)"- a vigorous, high-yielding variety, very early ripening. Frost resistance is quite high;

"Astronaut"- the variety is similar to the "Beauty of the North" variety;

"Muromets"- a vigorous variety of early ripening, high-yielding;

"Tambov white"- a high-yielding variety, frost resistance is high.

Varieties with black fruits require more heat than varieties with light fruits.

Grapes in culture are grown and formed in the form of a bush of various shapes. Parts of a bush of a grape plant have their own names.

bush head- a thickening in the lower part of the plant, resulting from pruning, from which perennial branches diverge - bush sleeves. On the sleeves are ramifications ending horns- shortened biennial stems. fruit shoots- annual shoots located on the horns (fruiting is observed only on annual growths). If the fruit shoot is cut short - by 1-3 buds - you get a knot used to restore the elements of the bush. A longer pruning - by 5 or more eyes - allows you to form a fruit shoot, the main element of the fruit part of the grape bush.

All fruit varieties in the middle lane are covered for the winter, decorative species and varieties for the winter are not removed from the supports and do not cover. The opening of the bushes in spring begins after the soil thaws in mid-late April.

Grape care

Grapes are a light and heat-loving crop, prone to damage by autumn and spring frosts. It is better to plant in the spring. Planting grapes is carried out on the south side of the buildings. Soils are preferred medium loamy breathable. Groundwater should be located closer than 1.5 m from the soil surface. When growing creepers, it is necessary to foresee the installation of supports (individually for each bush) or trellises (for several plants).

From June to August, creepers actively grow, they are tied to supports and formed. Lateral branches are cut into 2-3 buds, strong whips by 1/3 of the length. Regularly feed with organic and mineral fertilizers.

grape propagation

Varietal plants are propagated by winter cuttings and layering, species are also propagated by seeds.