Preventive treatment of apple trees in spring significantly reduces the risk of crop loss due to pests and diseases, as well as the likelihood that it is necessary to fight them in the midst of summer, at the stage of fruit ripening. The benefits of apples sprayed with chemicals during their active growth will be less than harm from them. However, it would be more appropriate to talk about the preventive measures to be in the fall, with the onset of spring it is time to enter into contact struggle with pests, which are ready to move into a counterattack.

From the very beginning of early works in the garden, an experienced gardener sees the state of apple trees and can already evaluate the degree of their infection with harmful insects. But the first one for which should be taken is not a sprayer with chemicals, but a secateur, a spatula and an acute hacksaw. The competent processing of an apple tree in spring from potential pests and diseases should be started with trimming and cleaning. In general, work is carried out in several stages, which correspond to the timing of the growing season and the development of fruits.

Preparatory stage - Pruning and whitewas

The time of these events is before Nobuchley and began to bloom the kidney. Carefully examined the trunk, the spatula cleans it from the old peeling bark and lichens. It is in these places that the shelter and safe wintering insects and causative agents of disease often find. It is necessary to do it carefully, trying not to damage the young Corre and do not hit the trunk. Old patients and skeletal branches are also cropped. If necessary, rejuvenating trimming, each of them is shortened on the length of last year's increase.

The more vertically the escape is growing, the less he will give harvest in the future. The best fruit of the branches, located almost horizontally, and not those that look into the sky, because all their forces go into growth. Consider this when pruning.

Simultaneously with the removal of sick branches and old cortex, it is necessary to remove the leaves of the web and mummified last year's fruits. All this is better to burn. If there is a hollow, they need to be smeared with cement mortar.

The breaking of the crown will make it easier for processing, improve its ventilation and lighting, which will eventually be positively affected by the yield and the overall state of the fruit tree.

After that, the lower part of the barrel of lime and thorough garbage cleaning are performed. Now the tree is ready for processing by chemicals.

First stage

It is made immediately after cleaning the crowns and whitewings during the period when the daily air temperature is installed in the area of \u200b\u200bstable from + 3C to + 5C. In medium latitudes, usually in the middle of March. The kidneys at this time are still tightly closed.

The goal of the first processing is the destruction of pests that survived the winter, but have not yet begun active life. At this stage of wood development, the Bordeaux liquid gives good results.

In cold water, a dealed lime is dissolved in a ratio of 250 g per 10 liters. Separately in warm - copper sulphate (250g 2.5 liters). A second (copper sulphate) is poured into a lesioned limestone. After careful mixing, the composition is ready for spraying.

Special ready-made insecticides and contact type fungicides can be used (see below).

Second phase

It is performed before the onset of flowering, at the beginning of the growing season, when the kidneys have already begun to bloom, but have not yet given colors. At the gardeners, this is called a green cone time when bud begins to clothe. Calendar terms depend on the region, but usually occur at the beginning of the middle of April. The purpose of secondary events is the destruction of pests that hid deeply and now began to wake up and became accessible to contact measures. Also in this period it is easiest to deal with fruit rot and a lot of fruit.

The best preparations of the second "right" - copper sulfate in solution, colloidal sulfur, the same bordeaux fluid, a specific lepyocid preparation, directed against rodent insects (has an intestinal impact), Calypso, Horuz, Topaz and others.

Processing is best carried out in the evening wind time immediately after sunset. Do not forget to spray and land around the trunk.

Third stage

It comes after the flowering ended. Preparations containing potent chemistry are no longer used. You can use tools that will not cause any biological damage to a growing future harvest, nor useful insects involved in polling processes.

For this purpose the following compositions:

• Broth onion husk;
• Water infusion of garlic;
• Tobacco dust;
• A solution of ordinary household soap without additives and fragrances.

Treat apple tree after flowering is permissible and some chemical preparations of systemic exposure that will not harm future apples. To them, for example, belong:

• zinc sulphate (in addition to the struggle against pests and diseases, prevents the development of the rosette);
• copper and sulfur preparations (additional protection against rust);
• Phytodeter;
• Phytoosporin;
• Aftrophit;
• bordeaux mixture;
• polych;
• polycarbacin (4 g per 1 liter of water);

The last three compositions give a good effect of protection from the paste.

This is useful to know! Preparations for processing

Preparations that are used to handle apple trees and other fruit trees from pests are called insecticides. By the way of impact, they are all divided into two large groups:

Contact. Chemicals included in their composition are affected directly on insects, but do not have the ability to penetrate the plant. They are well suited for the first stage, helping to easily eliminate pests remaining on a tree in the winter. Their main drawback is short-lived activity. Even in dry weather, they "work" no more than a week, and after precipitation - and is less. The advantages include the lack of impact on the fruit tree. The most popular: carbofos, benzophosphate, trichpole-5.

Important! The drug benzophosphate is unacceptable to use more than two times the growing season!

System. These drugs are able to penetrate the plants and destroy insects hiding inside. The term of their action is usually about two weeks. After that, they decompose on safe elements and are completely output.
The most common system tools: Aktara, Insegar (fights well with an apple-leaflet with a leaflet), Karate Zeon.

Timely holding of these simple events allows you to get a higher harvest in the current year and gives a good prophylactic effect on the future. This, of course, does not mean that harmful insects will not take new attempts to attack the racks for them fruit trees. But with proper attention and timely response measures, they will not be able to apply the apple orchard irreparable damage.