Pruning and tip of trees and shrubs in the country

Regular trimming is one of the elements of the care of garden trees and shrubs. It is of great importance for plants. Depending on the method, degree and timing of the conduct, age and state of plants, weather conditions and varieties, cropping can be achieved by various effects.

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Why do you need to pruning trees and shrubs

There are several types of trimming

1. Forming trimming. It is spent more often in young trees. It is formed by the tree a durable skeleton with evenly distributed branches. Cutting is subjected to half-minded and eye sprigs. Old trees remove wipes. After such trimming, the lighting inside the crown of trees is improving and the trees earlier begin to be fruit.

2. Crimping, improving the crop. This type of pruning causes an update of the thrifts. After her, the trees give a consistently good harvest.

3. Rejuvenating trimming. It is carried out from those trees that cease to grow.

4. Recovery trimming. It is carried out if the tree suffered from frosts or mechanically damaged the crown. Pruning restores the crown of trees.

5. Sanitary trimming. It is the removal of dry, broken, sick branches and their parts.

Young plants branches are cut to form crowns, in adults - to maintain the shape of the crown, removing dry and sick branches. Old trees and shrubs are cut off with a rejuvenating goal. Many valuable varieties of fruit trees to get a good crop every year to trim.

Pruning reduces the height of plants, the number of harmful insects on them and the frequency of disease. It makes the periods of fruiting trees and shrubs more uniform. The gross harvest of fruits during pruning can decrease, but the size and quality of fruits increase. For example, the painting of fruits is improved. After trimming, the overall state of the plant is improved, light-air mode optimizes. This makes trees and shrubs are more resistant to insect pests and diseases without the use of chemicals.

When it is better to make trimming trees and shrubs

Trimming trees and shrubs are carried out in different times. Early spring trimming is made in March - before the start of the movement of juices in plants. Otherwise, the plants will lose a lot of nutrients when trimming and weakened. At this time, the trimming is usually subjected to seed crops (pears, apple). Red and black currant cut as soon as the height of the snow cover decreases.

From March to May, mainly in March - April, is cut off most of the fruit trees. First seed, then bone cultures.

Adult trees can be trimmed and at a later time - from May to June. They are cut even during flowering and after it. Reducing the crown in adult trees reduces the cost of recovery after winter and growth.

Some fruit trees, such as Apricot, can be trimmed in the summer. As a result, next year they will bloom later. This will help protect the harvest from spring frosts.

In the summer, from June to July, pinching (pinzing) and cut shoots. At the same time remove unnecessary shoots. Completely they will be removed at the next spring pruning.

In the fall, they usually conduct sanitary and rejuvenating trimming. They spend them after the start of the leaf fall. It is autumn that the old and launched trees are cut off, as well as berry shrubs - all kinds of currant, raspberry, gooseberry, etc.

In winter, fruit trees are cut only in the southern regions, where there is no likely to damage the trees by frosts. In the middle lane of Russia in winter, there are sometimes forced trimming trees. At the same time, they leave the protective sections of the branches on the tree. With such a trimming, removed damaged by adverse effects (strong wind, rain with icing, etc.) branches on trees. This reduces the load on trees and prevent faults and splitting branches in the future.

Trimming trees and shrubs are carried out with the following targets:

✓ Get a small healthy tree with a compact crown that would be perfectly fruitful every year;

✓ Create a tree with a solid skeleton - uniformly placed in the space branches;

✓ maintenance of crown sizes at a certain level;

✓ creation in the crown of good light;

✓ Regulation of growth and fruiting, decrease in the height of the plant and the appearances of fruits;

✓ Increase the quality of fruits - mass and size, color;

✓ relief harvesting;

✓ Reducing the frequency of diseases and the number of insect pests;

✓ Creation of conditions for physiological equilibrium between growth and fruiting in different periods of the life of plants; an increase in the flow of nutrients to the remaining tissues of trees;

✓ Rejuvenation and increase in the life of the tree.

If you do not regulate the height of the trees, they will be very high, and the fruits are crushed. It will reduce their winter hardiness.

Trimming trees and shrubs is carried out in two ways:

1) thinning, or cutting (Fig. 1). With this method, trimming is removed by competitive, crossing branches, as well as very closely located and touching. Sleeping is performed by the "Ring" or translation on the side branch. When cutting "on the ring", a slice is made at the base of the branch on the ring influx. The pencils do not leave. It does not follow a cut section of a deeper ring at the same time, since it turns out a large wound surface that hesitated longer.

When removing large branches use the "Three Propil" method. First, the branch is pecking from the bottom to a quarter of its thickness. Propyl is made at a distance of 20-30 cm from the barrel. Then spill a branch from above. At the same time, the third propyl should be 5 cm further from the trunk than the lower one. Then spill the remaining pennies. Such phased spill prevents the crust and splitting of the crust, leaves a minimal wound that heals well;

Figure 1. Reliefing

2) Procurement (Fig. 2). In this case, the trimming method is removed from the end of the branch. After trimming, the power supply and ensuring the remaining part of the branch and, accordingly, the kidneys on it is improved. Therefore, prominence has a stimulating effect on the fracturing ability of the tree. It reduces the size of the crown and makes a tree as a result more branched. Procurement is carried out by the method of "on the kidney". The branch is cut off as a kidney. At the same time, the cut should not be very oblique, otherwise the kidney can dry or give a weak escape. To shortening the branches, they are resorted if their capitarian has not been made in a timely manner.

Figure 2. Crocheting

When carrying out trimming, you must follow the following rules.

1. When spilling large, long and heavy branches must be maintained by hand.

2. The slice should not be done with the surface of the barrel or the main branch.

3. On the branches you can not leave large spikes.

4. The branches are spilled at a low angle relative to the line parallel to the main branch.

5. When spilling large and heavy bugs, they are preliminarily facilitated (smaller branches remove). It is advisable to remove them in parts.

6. Heavy large branches after trimming should be launched using ropes. This will prevent damage to the tree and neighboring plants. Previously the upper end of the rope is fixed above the spill branch, and the bottom - on the spilifable branch closer to the trunk.

7. The edges of the sections, the diameter of which more than 2 cm, should be cleared, to be treated with disinfecting agents and coat with an insulating layer.

8. There should be no grooves on cuts, as moisture accumulates in them and it is possible to drop a tree.

9. Do not after trimming the branches to leave big hemps. They do not grow as full branches and gradually die. As a result, bumps are formed in their place.

10. It is impossible to remove a large number of large branches at once, as it will delay the growth of the tree or lead to his death. They are removed by 1-2 per year

11. When trimming in slowly growing trees (apple, linden, elm, maple, ostoliste) remove 20-50% increase in the last year. The trees that grow quickly (poplar, ash green, xlenenel maple) remove 60-70% increase.

POSITION OF PLANTS, OR PINCATION - This is the removal of the tip of the growing escape (Fig. 3). It leads to a branch growth stop for 2-3 weeks.

Figure 3. Escape Pin

Paging is performed by hand or secateurs. It is carried out mainly to form the crown of young trees. With the help of pinches make branches with coented, prevent the growth of shoots in unsuitable places. Conduct the pitch before the shoots will be wound.

On the young trees in spring each escape that continues the skeletal branch, competing shoots appear. They reduce the flow of juices to the main run and the same with it according to the degree of development. Shooting-competitors pinch or shake up to reach 14-12 cm. After pinching, growth shoots become fruit for 1-2 years - they begin to be fruit. This is due to the fact that after manipulation on shoots, the development of the lower kidneys is enhanced. With the appearance below the point of pinching several strong shoots, the branch is cut over the strongest of them. That escape that remained, pinch over the 3-5th sheet. When forming one long escape, it is cut over the 3-5th sheet. When the formation of several short shoots leave everything. Also remove unnecessary shoots and wipes. In the future, they will unnecessarily shadow the crown, so they should not leave them. If at the end of the summer the shoots did not complete their growth, then the stability of the tree to frosts is reduced. Therefore, the tops of the shoots are pinching and skinned tissue takes on an adoption of annual shoots.