Before planting seedlings, they are required to carefully prepare them thoroughly - inspect the root and overhead part, remove those roots and sprigs that have damage or dried over the storage period.

Planting Sazedans

What to plant near?

As a rule, gardeners in their gardens grow plants related to different biological groups. For example, apple trees, pears, IRGA, Rowan are belonging to seed fruit rocks; to the bone - plum, cherry, apricot; And to berry plants - currants, raspberries and honeysuckle. In the middle lane, walnut cultures like a haze or manchurian walnut, as well as lemongrass, whose varieties can perfectly carry harsh winters with duly care. Planning the garden, the question inevitably arises, which plants can be planted nearby, and which are not worth it, at what distance they need and can be placed how they will interact. The main rule of landing is the best of all grow plants of one culture, but of different varieties or hybrid representatives.

The many years of experience of gardeners showed that many varieties of fruit trees and shrubs can not be squeezed in the neighborhood. For example, it is not recommended to plant an apple tree, pears or peaches in the immediate vicinity of walnut trees. Because of this location, after 2-3 years, apple trees and other fruit trees are combined and driving. Walnut trees should always be planted separately from other fruit garden plants, otherwise harvesting from fruit and berry plants should not be waiting.

In addition, the apple trees are badly getting around with cherries, cherries, viburnum, barberry, apricot, so these plants need to be planted in different zones of the garden plot. With the rest of the fruit trees, the apple trees perfectly gets around in the immediate vicinity. This rule applies to all combinations of bone and seed garden crops - boncers will always be angry with seed plants.

In addition, the fruit shrubs like the gooseberry, currant and raspberries can also be planted near the apple tree. Plum grows poorly next to sea buckthorn, cherries and nut, and the gooseberry does not tolerate the neighborhood, both with black and red currant. Cherry and sweet cherry require a landing separate from other fruit trees. It is better to land them with clean groups. The pear does not advise to plant next to the cherry or cylinder. In addition, fruit trees can not be planted near decorative trees like poplars or birches. If there is a cherry and walnut on the site, then they do not advise sit near Alych. If the site is planned to plant peach, it is better to do it away from cherries, cherries and nuts. In addition, the conflict will be lilac and roses with an apple tree and a pear. A few more examples of good and poor neighborhood are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Compatibility and incompatibility of garden plants

Strawberry

Compatible plant:Cherry

Incompatible plantRaspberries

Cherry

Compatible plant:Better pure landings

Incompatible plantBlack currant

Pear

Compatible plant:Apple tree

Incompatible plantAlycha, Hawthorn, Cherry, Jasmine, Kalina, Juniper, Fir, Rose, Plum, Lilac

Apple tree

Compatible plant:Sweet cherry

Incompatible plantAlycha, Birch, Hawthorn, Cherry, Jasmine, Kalina, Juniper, Fir, Rose, Plum, Lilac

Rowan

Compatible plant:Better individual landings

Incompatible plantHawthorn

Grapes

Compatible plant:Better individual landings

Incompatible plantCabbage, Oshness, Leschina

Gooseberry

Compatible plant:Better individual landings

Incompatible plantBlack currant

Leschina (Hazelnuk)

Compatible plant:Separate landings

Incompatible plantConiferous plants

Black currant

Compatible plant:Separate landings

Incompatible plantCherryukha

In addition, when planting plants should take into account their features of fruiting, the possibility of interactiveness, the timing of ripening of fruits.

For example, when landing sea buckthorn it is worth remembering that it is divided into men's and women's plants. Therefore, one instance cannot be planted or several same-sex copies. As a rule, one male plant is enough for pollination of 5-6 female plants, provided that the male plant will fall from the west of other representatives. Since self-visible sweet cherry, then there should be two trees on the site. But since these are rather large plants, then the gardeners are usually vaccinated on one somewhat twigs of another variety. When growing, pears should also land on a plot of a small group of two or more plants so that they can be converted. Sutting off lemongrass or actinidia, useful among plants with rim or female flowers to plant at least one male copy.

General landing rules

Consider the light requirements of plants

Almost all fruit and berry trees and shrubs are light-loving plants that grow well and fruit only with a sufficient level of lighting. Therefore, when planning and accommodating in the garden plot of this kind of plants, it is necessary to take into account the strength of their growth, so that after several years and reach the age of fruiting higher specimens with spreader crowns did not shade less rising plants, thereby not giving them to grow and develop, give a maximum harvest . The most demanding in relation to the lighting of the section of the fruit culture is Apricot, and the least - plum. By the degree of need for sunlight, fruit-berry rocks can be positioned on descending: Apricot, then a cherry and almonds, after them are peach and quince, and less demanding pear, apple tree, cherry, plum.

Taking into account this gradation, the most illuminated areas must be left for planting sweets, peaches and quince. At less illuminated areas, it is possible to land without prejudice to the yield of pears, apple and plums. Despite high light demanding, apricot and almonds should not be planted on the sun highly illuminated by the Sun, since active spring radiation can provoke too early vegetation, as a result of which the danger of spring freezing of flowers and stocks occurs.

More shape currant, lemongrass and grapes are considered more tremendous. Lemongrass and grapes grow, leaning on trunks and branches of trees. Therefore, a lemongrass is often sitting under pears, apricots or plums, with which this plant will not compete. The most disadvantage of such a type of landing becomes the complexity of trimming due to the set of lemongrass. Weakly lit places (for example, along the northern walls of buildings and yard buildings) can be used for planting there currants. In addition, it comes out well in the rivers of trees due to its shadowiness and surface location of the root system.

If plantings are planned to be located around the house, then on the south side it is necessary to plant the most thermal-loving culture like pears or winter-hardy peach trees. On the north side, in the absence of protection, it is necessary to plant less demanding on the conditions and temperatures of the variety, for example, an apple tree to Chinese or rowan. Shrubs most often have around the perimeter of the site, while retreating from its boundary at least 1.5 m. If there are trees such as cherry or drain on the perimeter - it is necessary to leave at least 3 m. Apple and pears sit down from the borders yet further. In relation to the fences and buildings, the same distances are used.

Take into account the location of the root system

Not only overhead pieces of fruit and berry plants affect each other, but their root systems can compete due to resources and location area. In general, root systems of fruit and berry rocks have several functions: anchor, since the root system keeps the tree in the soil in the position required for normal growth; The function of nutrition, the supply of nutrients and moisture necessary for the normal life of the plant in warm and cold periods.

Roots appear and begin to actively develop after sprouting the seed and continue to develop the entire life of the plant. The bulk of the roots in fruit-berry crops belongs to the type of suction, so they have a length of about 5 mm. The plant over the life of life is experiencing the death of the ends of the axial roots, the short side roots first on the main, core root, then on longer branched roots. Therefore, for the entire growing season period, the tree sees about a million roots. Thus, the branched root system of one plant can compete with a system of another plant. It is impossible to be allowed to be allowed, so in the immediate vicinity, plants can be placed in which the root system is located at different levels. For example, you can combine trees in which the roots leave deep into the ground by 1.5-2 m, with shrubs such as currant, in which the root system is located in the upper layer at a depth of no more than 30-40 cm.

Remember the diseases of the plants

There is another important factor that has a direct impact on the development of fruit crops is the accumulation of pests and specific diseases. Fruit plants from seed, bone and other biological groups have different pathogens of diseases and pests. Over the years, the infection accumulates in the soil, so when landing should consider what rocks have grown in this place before. For example, it is impossible to plant raspberries at the same place where she grew earlier for many years. The same rule concerns all the types of currant. Therefore, when disembarking, they need to choose another place suitable according to the characteristics. It is not forbidden to change various fruit and berry cultures. For example, where a plum grew before, you can land a pear, and put an apple tree at the cherry spot. By the way, young apple trees can not land on the place where the old apple tree grew. In general, fruit trees are not recommended to plant where Alder, Iva or Oil grew to it. But it is not forgiven to plant them on the spot of maple, rosehip, wild pear or rowan.

In addition, many fruit-berry plants may have a predisposition to the attack of the same pests and diseases, as a result of which, when infected with one plant, it is threatened with the health of the second. Or one species of fruit shrubs can be an intermediate owner, and pests will not affect him special damage, but this species will be the cause of the disease of the neighboring plant.

Consider the type of soil, acidity and groundwater level

Sent fruit trees shrubs, you need to take into account the type of soil and subsoil. Best soils for fruit and berry garden plants are nutrients of soil with high moisture and breathability, so-called structured soils. Unwanted for the garden heavy and dense soils, clay or, on the contrary, sandy subsoings containing pure river sand or a pebble. If the site is located on such complex soils, then before booking the garden it is required to hold a number of reclamation activities: make a large number of organic substances like manure, humus, peat and peat, lime, and on dense clay soils make river sand on dense clay soils.

As a rule, gardeners allow gross errors in determining the type of soil, because they rely on what can be seen on the surface. But this is processed and an aligned layer of the Earth. Therefore, in order to avoid errors, you can make 2-3 soil cuts with a depth of 2 m in different parts of the site. On the cut will be seen the state of the soil, the depth of the lower non-fermentation layers. In addition, this cut will determine which activities need to be carried out to increase the soil suitability for growing fruit trees.

The following gooseberry varieties were obtained the greatest distribution in the Russian climatic zone.

Undoubtedly, another important factor affecting the growth and fruiting of garden plants is the height of the level of groundwater. Long-term stiring of water in the soil layer, where the root system of plants is located, leads to the fact that it starts to be located in the upper soil horizon.

The long-term stagnation of pioneered water in the summer and spring months is especially harmful. The high level of groundwater on the site does not give trees to grow and give high-quality crops. The plants growing in wetlands are sensitive to fungi and other diseases, often freeze even with minor minus temperatures. Thus, the deeper the root system in the trees is located, the deeper the level of groundwater should be fixed. For example, the water level on a plot intended for planting an apple tree should not be higher than 1.5-2 m. Less increasing plants like currant or gooseberry can grow on areas with a higher level of groundwater.

With a too high level of groundwater, it is necessary to carry out drainage ameliorative activities, for example, the leading of water with the help of a canvas, as well as planting fruit trees and shrubs in a special way - on the ground shaft. To do this, in places of planting trees with a deep running root rip out relatively thick and long stakes. Near each such cola, it is necessary to pour the manure in the amount of 7-8 kg per 1 m 2. Then you need to switch the land around the cola in a circle with a diameter of 3 m to the depth of half a spade. Next, you need to take the soil outside the circle and sketch it into the center until there is a hill with a height of 60-70 cm. It is in the center of the aligned Holloch and you need to plant a young seedling.

In addition to the type of soil, it is necessary to take into account its pH - i.e. acidity. Only a few garden fruit trees and shrubs are reduced without prejudice to the growth and yield of acidic soils (for example, a pear can come to terms with weakly acidic soils and give a good harvest). Most often, the acidic soils lime and conduct other landlocative and agrotechnical measures to reduce the level of acidity.

Do not thicken landing

As already mentioned, fruit plants are very vigilous. And one of the biggest mistakes of gardeners is too thickened landing. Where only one tree can grow and be froning, several instances are often planted. When the plants reach the age of fruiting, in this case the trees begin to stretch up and be taken out where fruiting organs should develop. Also in too thickened landings, insects will be seized and mushroom diseases are developing.

Consequently, another important condition for the successful cultivation of the fruit garden is to establish the right distance between the plants in the ranks and aisle. At the same time, an excessively sparse landing does not justify itself, as it reduces the yield from the unit of the area. It is worth noting that when planting fruit plants on the slopes, it is necessary to leave a smaller distance between the trees and shrubs than when disembarking on a flat section. When landing on even sections of the distance between the planked trees should not be less than 7 x 7 m for heavy-rates and 5 x 4 m for weary rocks. The group of graval plants includes an apple tree and a pear, a sweet cherry and apricot.

When placing trees to increase the light space and creating the same landings in the thickness, it is necessary to give all plant arrays a single direction of the rows (Table 2).

table 2

Conditions of cultivation and requirements of fruit and berry plants

- Light-loving plants

- transfer shading

Consider the timing of ripening

In addition to the external parameters affecting the growth and fruiting plants, it is necessary to get out varieties of various fruit plants, paying attention to the timing of maturation. It is best to choose varieties of different terms to stay fresh berries and fruits throughout the summer and autumn season.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the stages of vegetation in the neighboring fruit trees may vary, which will lead to certain inconveniences when harvesting. For example, with the neighborhood of the seed and bone, the situation in which the boneless sort of cherries are actively fruiting and it is necessary to collect a harvest, while the neighboring seed apple tree at the same time need to be treated from pests, which leads to certain inconveniences.

Sizza in the garden

Apricot

Apricot is the warm-and-light culture of all types of bone. Therefore, for planting a seedling of apricot, you need to choose the most sublime, illuminated and warm place, fenced from the wind. Gardeners advise in the early years of growing young plants with the help of fences, wooden or polyethylene shields, fixed from the northeast. For planting apricot, you must also choose non-acid soil. In the signs of increased acidity in the soil, lime fertilizers in the amount of 5-10 kg are made in the amount of 5-10 kg depending on the size of the tree. On the sandy soils on the bottom of the landing pit for detaining the water you need to lay a layer of clay with a thickness of 20 cm.

Grounding, Apricot occupies a rather large garden space, so it is necessary to plant it according to a 3 x 5 m scheme, that is, retreating from other plants 3 and 5 m, respectively. For better pollination of flowers on the plot, it is recommended to have at least two trees of different varieties. The best time for the landing is the end of April, before the start of the blown of the kidneys. Apricot is extremely bad to land, if the rest period is over, and the kidneys began to bloom. Landing pit is best prepared in the fall. Its sizes should be at least 70 x 70 x 70 cm. In the depleted soils, the depth of the pit must be increased. At the bottom of the pit, you need to put drainage in the form of gravel, branches, branches, vegetable ground layer with humus, mineral fertilizers: 500 g of superphosphate, 100 g of potassium salt. You can also replace these fertilizers of 1 kg of lime, 200 g of ammonia nitrate and 2 kg of ash. Fertilizers need to mix with soil (15-20 kg), which should fill around half a hole. If the groundwater is nearly situated under the site, then it is better to make a higher hormick for planting. Then, neatly distributing the root system, you need to plant a plant, pour out the ground to the level of the root cervix. It is impossible to plunge it, as this will lead to the oppression of the growth of the plant. In the circumference, the Hollyka need to make a groove, and then it is good to pour a sapling 1-2 buckets of water, without eroding the root system. The soil around you need to mulch the peatokrochny dry soil or beveled grass.

After planting apricot, it is necessary to pour, loosen the rolling circle so that water is not delayed. Excess moisture will lead to the roots to cease to obtain a sufficient amount of oxygen and starvation will begin.

Cherry

Landing the seedlings of Cherry, as a rule, produced in spring before the start of the blown of the kidneys. Like the apricot, the cherry with blossomed kidneys is bad for a long time and is sick. To disembark, the cherries need to choose a plot with a weakly acidic sampling or a subline air-permeable soil. Heavy clay and peat soils provoke bad growth of trees and weak yield. A landing place is best to choose solar and wind protected.

Cherry varieties are very much different from each other with the dimensions of the plant. Therefore, when choosing a weary variety varieties, it is necessary to leave the distance between the trees 2 m, and for stronger, this distance increases to 3 m. Landing pit, as in the case of apricot, is best to cook in the fall. If the soil is fertile, the depth of 50-60 cm is enough with a width of 70-80 cm. If the soil is poor, then all parameters need to be increased to 1 m. Digging a hole, you need to add the upper fertile layer and the lower non-fermentation layer is added separately.

Before landing in the pit, you need to make 10-20 kg of compost or overworked manure, 200 g of phosphoric fertilizers and 400-600 g of wood ash. Often, the ash is replaced by 60 g of potash fertilizers. It is important to know that fresh manure, nitrogen fertilizers and lime in landing pits for cherry can not be made.

In February, you need to start growing homemade seedlings. Basically, the gardeners dispel such cultural fruit, vegetable, berry and decorative cultures, like pepper, celery, strawberries, primula, dolphinium, rose, petunia.

Cherry seedlings are planted on the principle of a holmik. At the bottom of the landing pit, you need to pour part of the upper fertile layer mixed with organic and inorganic fertilizers. On this hill, it is required to install a seedling, fall asleep its remaining fertile land. To fill out voids inside the pit, you need to slightly shake the tree. When landing seedlings, it is worth remembering that it is impossible to plunge the root neck. After landing, it will go to the ground by 3-5 cm, so it is necessary to plant a plant with this factor. After falling asleep the pit around it, you need to make a groove, on the edges of which you should pour an earthen roller. In this way, the well need to pour 2 buckets of water. After it is absorbed, the priority circle should be closed with loose ground, peat or humus to preserve moisture.

Pear

When choosing a place to plant a pear, you should consider the features of the relief, soil, the depth of groundwater. For this fruit tree, a well-purged area is required, at the same time protected from dominant winds. Unsuitable for growing pears lowlands, closed basins, places where cold air is stared, melt and rainwater accumulates. Best soils for pears are ferrous-podzolic, loam and soup. It is not recommended to plant them on dense and heavy clay soils, powerful sands or peatlands. The maximum fruction in pears is marked with growth on weakly acidic soils, it is made of lime every 5-6 years.