PART ONE

STRUCTURE OF THE CARABINE, HANDLING, CARE AND SAVING

GENERAL INFORMATION

Purpose and combat properties of the carbine

1. The 7.62-mm Simonov self-loading carbine (Fig. 1) is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy personnel.

Rice. 1. General view of the Simonov self-loading carbine

2. For shooting from a carbine, cartridges mod. 1943 with ordinary (steel core), tracer, armor-piercing incendiary and incendiary bullets.

Shooting is carried out with single shots. When firing, cartridges are supplied from the magazine. Magazine capacity - 10 rounds.

The most effective fire from a carbine is at a distance of up to 400 m. The target firing range is 1000 m. The range of a direct shot at the chest figure is 365 m. Concentrated fire from carbines is carried out at a distance of up to 800 m, and at airplanes and paratroopers - up to 500 m.

Combat rate of fire is 35–40 rounds per minute.

The weight of the carbine with a magazine loaded with 10 rounds is 3.9 kg.

The concept of the design and operation of the carbine

3. The carbine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 2);

Barrel with receiver, sighting device and bayonet;

Receiver covers:

Shutter;

Return mechanism;

Gas tube with receiver lining;

Gas piston;

Pushrod with spring;

trigger mechanism;

Store;

The carbine kit includes: accessories, belt, clips and cartridge bags.

4. The carbine is a self-loading weapon, since it is reloaded automatically, and the firing mechanism allows firing only single shots. For reloading, the energy of powder gases is used, diverted from the barrel bore to the gas piston.

Rice. 2. Main parts and mechanisms of a self-loading carbine:

1 - barrel with receiver, sighting device and bayonet; 2 - receiver cover; 3 - shutter; 4 - return mechanism; 5 - gas tube with receiver lining; 6 - gas piston; 7 - pusher with spring; 8 - trigger mechanism; 9 - shop; 10 - box

When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through a hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber and sets in motion the gas piston, pusher, and with them the bolt. When moving back, the bolt opens the barrel, compresses the return spring and cocks the hammer. In this case, the cartridge case is removed from the chamber and thrown out.

Without stopping in the rear position, the bolt returns forward under the action of the return mechanism, sends the next cartridge from the magazine into the chamber and closes the barrel.

The bolt is locked by the fact that the combat edge of the bolt frame rests against the combat stop, and the locking protrusion of the bolt stem holds the bolt frame in this position.

To fire the next shot, you must release the trigger and press it again. When the last round is fired, the bolt will go to the bolt stop and will not move forward. This is a signal to the shooter that he needs to load the carbine again.

DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY OF THE CARABINE

5. Disassembly of the carbine can be incomplete or complete. Partial disassembly is carried out for cleaning, lubrication and inspection of the carbine. Complete disassembly is carried out for cleaning when the carbine is heavily soiled, after it has been exposed to rain or snow, when switching to a new lubricant and during repairs. Excessively frequent disassembly of the rifle is harmful, as it accelerates the wear of parts and mechanisms.

Disassembly and assembly should be carried out on a table or clean mat. Place parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly and handle them carefully. When disassembling and assembling, do not use excessive force or sharp blows.

Training in disassembly and assembly on combat carbines is allowed only in exceptional cases and with special care in handling parts and mechanisms.

6. The procedure for incomplete disassembly of the carbine.

In all cases, before disassembling, check that the carabiner is unloaded.

Rice. 3. Removing the pencil case from the butt socket

1) Take out the pencil case with the accessory(Fig. 3). Take the carbine in your left hand, with the finger of your right hand, press the socket cover into the butt plate so that the accessory case comes out of its socket under the action of a spring. Open the pencil case and take out the wiper, brush and punch.

2) Separate the cleaning rod(Fig. 4). Move the bayonet to the side, press the ramrod head away from the barrel and pull the ramrod up, turn the bayonet down and press it to the fore-end (move the bayonet to the stowed position).

Rice. 4. Cleaning rod compartment

3) Separate the receiver cover(Fig. 5). Take the carbine with your left hand by the neck of the stock, with the fingers of your right hand turn the cover pin flag up and, pressing the thumb of your left hand on the cover (feeding it forward), pull the pin all the way to the right, and separate the cover from the receiver.

Rice. 5. Receiver cover compartment

4) Remove the return mechanism. Take it with your right hand and remove it from the bolt stem channel.

5) Remove the bolt(Fig. 6). Holding the carbine by the fore-end with your left hand, pull the bolt back by the handle with your right hand, turn the carbine right side down and remove the bolt stem along with the frame.

Rice. 6. Separating the bolt from the receiver

Rice. 7. Gas tube compartment with receiver trim

6) Separate the frame from the bolt stem, holding the bolt by the stem.

7) Separate the gas tube from the barrel lining(Fig. 7). Holding the carbine by the fore-end with your left hand, use a drift to turn the gas tube locking flag up with your right hand so that its lower stop rests against the upper edge of the groove, lift the rear end of the tube and remove it from the gas chamber pipe. After this, tilt the gas tube down and remove the gas piston.

Every army needs capable soldiers. Naturally, they must be able to shoot, and at the same time hit the target. For exercises to be effective, it is necessary to combine theory and practical exercises. To help the instructor and soldiers there is such a wonderful thing as a manual on shooting. This manual, compiled for any weapon produced in the USSR and Russia, allows you to independently study the technique and better understand your mentor. The fact that these manuals were compiled and published in 1970 does not matter much. They are still relevant today for those who need to study shooting to perfection.

What is a shooting manual?

These instructions are an official document compiled by specialists from the Ministry of Defense. Collections of instructions are published in various formats - these include both general provisions and instructions for each type of weapon separately. They contain basic information on ballistics, the design of each type of weapon, the conditions of their use, maintenance and storage, shooting techniques and rules. With these instructions, you can thoroughly study the theory of shooting, learn how to assemble, disassemble and store personal weapons.

Before picking up a pistol, rifle or machine gun, you need to study the shooting manual regarding information on internal and external ballistics, bullet dispersion when shooting and the reality of shooting. This will help you understand which weapon is best to use for these specific conditions and purposes.

Purpose and combat properties

Each type of technical means used to destroy living and nonliving targets has a specific purpose. Accordingly, it is necessary to know their properties. Only in this case the set goals will be effectively realized. For example, the manual on shooting (AKM) describes not only the design and principle of its operation. In this instruction, it is described as a weapon from which you can fire from any convenient position - standing, lying, kneeling, from a trench, or a fortified firing point. However, it is not recommended to choose a shooting position on a hill. But the manual for the Dragunov sniper rifle says that when shooting from this weapon, you can choose a point for firing both on a hill and in a trench.

Storage and care

In order for the weapon to always be ready for its intended use, it requires special care and storage. Cleaning of pistols or machine guns is carried out before and after shooting, and if used irregularly, at least once a week. The manual on shooting (MS) recommends doing the same with a Makarov pistol.

The lubricant prevents moisture from reaching the metal parts of the weapon, which are susceptible to corrosion. Therefore, it is recommended to carry it out immediately after cleaning. The Shooting Manual recommends using gun lubricant and RFS solution. Before cleaning and lubricating any weapon, you need to prepare the materials and accessories, then disassemble it.

The storage instructions provide various instructions. Any weapon must be on safety when moving. In places where a military unit is permanently located, certain places are allocated for storage. stored in a discharged form in a pyramid. The Shooting Manual (SVD) provides for a separate special compartment for storing optical sights in cases, magazines, accessories and bags. A pyramid stand is used for carabiners.

Inspection and preparation for shooting

Any weapon should be inspected regularly. This is done in order to prevent its inoperability in combat conditions: on duty, on guard, in battle. But for the Kalashnikov assault rifle, the manual on small arms (AK) recommends inspections even if there are no plans to use it in the near future. The same applies to the weapon. It is necessary to check the weapon for rust, dirt, scratches, and dents in order to timely replace parts and elements.

In order to prepare the weapon for firing, it is necessary to lubricate its metal parts, inspect it in assembled form and inspect the clips (magazines). If any defects or malfunctions are found, it cannot be used.

General shooting rules

The shooting manual also provides certain instructions for firing from each type of weapon. First of all, it is necessary to monitor the progress of the battle. The target to hit must be chosen in a timely manner and hit at the most convenient moment. It is necessary to monitor the results of the shooting and, if necessary, adjust the firing; Check the availability of cartridges and ensure their timely replenishment.

Features of shooting from various types of weapons

Designed to destroy living targets. In order for shooting to be effective, it is necessary not only to correctly select the place for firing, but also to determine the distance to the target. In addition, the SVD shooting manual recommends taking into account weather conditions at a firing range of over 500 meters.

The Kalashnikov assault rifle is used not so much to hit targets as to restrain the movements of enemy forces, since the accuracy of the hit decreases with increasing distance. The Shooting Manual (AKM) describes in detail in what positions and how to shoot when performing specific tasks.

The Simonov carbine is distinguished by high firing accuracy. And, although it has long been removed from the army’s arsenal, it continues to be used for various purposes. Since the carbine does not have a shooting manual (SKS), it recommends observing targets with the naked eye or using binoculars. It also details the rules for aiming under various weather conditions and air temperatures.

Sniper and - the most successful inventions

Instead of a conclusion, it makes sense to say a few words about this type of weapon. The Dragunov sniper rifle is unique in its own way, despite various modifications and improvements. The shooting manuals written for it do not convey the full genius of this weapon. Moreover, it is still used in units of the army of the Russian Federation for special operations or combat.

For those who are interested in the career of a sniper, the manual on shooting (SVD), written back in 1970, will help master rifle shooting from a theoretical aspect. And the combination of instructor experience and theory can produce excellent results.

Simonov's self-loading carbine has long been removed from service. However, its varieties are still used today - as a hunting rifle. Despite the fact that it is considered outdated, many accessories are sold in stores for it. At one time, some Asian countries bought a license for its production, but true connoisseurs of weapons prefer to buy Soviet-made SKS.

Developed at the end of the Second World War by S. G. Simonov, the creator of the 7.62-mm automatic self-loading rifle ABC mod. 1936 and a 14.5-mm self-loading anti-tank rifle PTRS model 1941. After final modification and elimination of all the shortcomings identified during various tests, the weapon was put into service in 1949 under the name 7.62-mm self-loading carbine Simonov system arr. 1945 SKS-45.

The SKS automation operates by removing powder gases through a side hole in the barrel wall. The barrel bore is locked by tilting the bolt downwards. The leading link of the automation is the bolt stem. It perceives the impact of powder gases through a piston with a rod and a spring-loaded pusher, made as separate parts and not taking part in further movement. This improves the smooth operation of the automation. When rolling back, the bolt stem lifts the rear part of the bolt, disengaging it from the receiver; when moving back, it helps lock the barrel bore. The return mechanism is located in the channel of the bolt stem. The reloading handle is located on the right and is integral with the bolt stem.

The trigger mechanism is assembled as a separate unit on the base of the trigger guard. The impact mechanism is trigger, with a screw mainspring. The trigger mechanism provides only single fire. The safety lever, located at the rear of the trigger guard, locks the trigger. To prevent a shot when the barrel is not completely locked, a self-timer has been introduced.

The carbine has an integral magazine for 10 rounds with a staggered arrangement. To equip a magazine from a plate clip, grooves for the clip are made in the front part of the bolt, and the receiver cover opens the upper part of the bolt stem. The sight is sectoral, with a central sighting block, and front sights with a guard are located at the muzzle on a straight post. The sight is designed for a firing range of up to 1000 m. The carbine has a solid wooden stock with a “pistol” neck protrusion; The barrel lining is firmly connected to the gas outlet tube.

For hand-to-hand combat there is a permanently folding bayonet, fixed with a latch with a coil spring. In the first batches it was a needle bayonet (by analogy with the repeating carbine model 1944), soon replaced by a blade model 2, this model became the main one.

The SKS carbine has been put into service in 22 countries, and is being produced in some of them. The carbine is in service with the armies of the former Warsaw Pact states, Egypt (under the name "Rashid"), China (under the designation Type 56), North Korea (Type 63), and also in a modernized version in the former Yugoslavia (M59/66 was adapted for shooting rifle grenades). In the early 1950s, the carbine entered service with some units of the Polish Army, under the name ksS (short for karabinek samopowtarzalny Simonowa, i.e. Simonowa self-loading carbine). To this day it is used mainly by honor guard companies of the Polish Armed Forces. The Simonov carbine is known on almost all continents of the world, including the USA. According to some estimates, more than 1.5 million Americans have SCS. This allowed a number of companies to carry out all kinds of modernization of SCS.

Caliber 7.62 mm

Cartridge 7.62×39 mm (model 1943)

Weight without magazine 3.75 kg

Weight with loaded magazine 3.9 kg

Length with bayonet 1260 mm

Length without bayonet 1020 mm

Barrel length 520 mm

Rifling 4 (right-hand)

Initial bullet speed 735 m/s

Muzzle energy 2133 J

Fire mode - single.

Rate of fire 35-40 v/m

Magazine capacity 10 rounds

Sighting range 1000 m

80. To check the combat, the shooter fires four shots, carefully and uniformly aiming at the middle of the lower edge of the black rectangle.

At the end of the shooting, the commander in charge of checking the battle inspects the shield (target) and, based on the location of the holes, determines the accuracy of the battle and the position of the midpoint of impact. Soldiers and sergeants performing shooting are not allowed to go to the targets.

81. The accuracy of the combat is considered normal if all four holes (or three if one breaks away) fit into a circle (dimension) with a diameter of 15 cm.

If the accuracy of the holes is abnormal, the shooting is repeated. If the shooting result is unsatisfactory again, send the carbine to an artillery repair shop to eliminate the causes of bullet scatter.

If the accuracy of the holes is considered normal, the commander determines the midpoint of the impact and its position relative to the control point.

82. To determine the average point of impact for four holes, you need to: a) connect any two holes with a straight line and divide the distance between them in half; b) connect the resulting point with the third hole and divide the distance between them into three equal parts; c) connect the division point closest to the first two holes with the fourth hole and divide the distance between them into four equal parts. The point located three divisions from the fourth hole will be the midpoint of the four holes (Fig. 43, A). The midpoint of impact can also be determined in the following way: connect the holes in pairs, then connect the midpoint of both straight lines and divide the resulting line in half. The division point will be the middle point of impact (Fig. 43, b).

Rice. 43. Determining the midpoint of impact:

a, b- through four holes; V- along three holes

If one of the holes is significantly removed from the others and four holes do not fit into a circle with a diameter of 15 cm, then it should be discarded and the average point of impact determined by the three holes. The hole that is removed from the average point of impact, found from three holes, is discarded by more than 2.5 radii of the circle in which these three holes fit.

The average point of impact for three holes is determined in the same way as for four holes, but the point two spaces away from the third hole is taken as the average point of impact (Fig. 43, V).

During normal combat, the midpoint of impact should coincide with the control point or deviate from it in any direction by no more than 5 cm.

83. A carbine, the combat of which turns out to be abnormal when checked, is reduced to normal combat.

Bringing to normal combat

84. If, when checking the engagement of a carbine, the average point of impact deviates from the control point in any direction by more than 5 cm, then the position of the front sight is changed accordingly. If the average point of impact is below the control point, the front sight must be screwed in; if it is higher, it must be unscrewed. If the middle point of impact is to the left of the control point, move the front sight slide to the left, if to the right - to the right.

When the front sight is moved to the side or in height by 1 mm, the average point of impact when shooting at 100 m shifts by 21 cm.

One full rotation of the front sight moves the average point of impact in height when shooting at 100 m by 16 cm.

The correct movement of the front sight is checked by repeated shooting with four single shots.

85. After bringing the carbine to normal combat, the old line on the front sight strip is clogged, and a new one is stuffed in its place.

Malfunctions that interfere with the normal firing of the carbine

86. Typical malfunctions that disrupt the normal firing of a carbine are as follows:

a) the front sight is knocked down or bent, has moved to the side, up or down - the bullets will deviate in the direction opposite to the movement of the top of the front sight;

b) the sighting bar is bent or skewed - the bullets will deviate in the direction of movement of the sight slot;

c) the barrel is bent - the bullets will deviate towards the bend of the muzzle of the barrel;

d) nicks on the muzzle of the barrel, fraying of the barrel bore (especially in the muzzle), wear (rounding) of the corners of the rifling fields, shells, swinging of the aiming bar, front sight, stock - all this increases the dispersion of bullets.

PART TWO
TECHNIQUES AND RULES FOR SHOOTING FROM A CARBINE

Chapter IX
SHOOTING TECHNIQUES FROM A CARBINE

General provisions

87. Shooting from a carbine can be carried out from a place and on the move.

Shooting from a place, depending on terrain conditions and enemy fire, is carried out from a standing, prone, or kneeling position. For camouflage and protection from enemy fire, as well as for the convenience of firing, various shelters, local objects and stops are used.

While on the move, shooting is carried out on the move without stopping and from a short stop.

Shooting from a carbine is also carried out from an armored personnel carrier, from a car, afloat and from skis.

88. To successfully perform fire missions in combat, the shooter must perfectly master the techniques of shooting from a carbine.

Shooting from a carbine consists of preparing to fire, firing a shot and stopping shooting.

Getting ready to shoot includes taking the position for shooting and loading the carbine.

Firing a shot includes sight installation, stocking, aiming and trigger release.

Stop shooting can be temporary or complete. In the first case, pressing the trigger stops and the carbine is put on safety; in the second case, the carbine is discharged.

89. All shooting techniques should be performed clearly and skillfully, without ceasing to observe the enemy.

Depending on the shooting conditions, some techniques are performed in advance or not performed at all. For example, when performing a combat mission, the carbine must always be loaded; when shooting on the move with the butt pressed to the side, the sight is not installed and is not used.

90. Each shooter, guided by the general rules for performing shooting techniques, must, taking into account his individual characteristics, develop and apply the most advantageous and stable position for shooting, achieving a uniform position of the body, arms and legs.

About the book: Directory. Guide to the 7.62 mm Simonov SKS self-loading carbine. 1957 edition.
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Language: Russian
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Manual for the 7.62 mm Simonov SKS self-loading carbine, design, disassembly, assembly, care, combat testing, shooting techniques and rules, reference book.

The 7.62-mm Simonov SKS self-loading carbine is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy personnel. The SKS carbine uses 1943 model cartridges with ordinary (steel core), tracer, armor-piercing incendiary and incendiary bullets. Shooting is carried out with single shots. When firing, cartridges are supplied from the magazine. Magazine capacity - 10 rounds.

The most effective fire from the SKS carbine is at distances of up to 400 meters. The target firing range is 1000 meters. The range of a direct shot at the chest figure is 365 meters. Concentrated fire from carbines is carried out at a distance of up to 800 meters, and against paratroopers - up to 500 meters. Combat rate of fire is 35-40 rounds per minute. The weight of the carbine with a magazine loaded with 10 rounds is 3.9 kg.

Design and kit of the 7.62 mm Simonov SKS self-loading carbine.

The carbine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

— Barrel with receiver, sighting device and bayonet.
— Receiver covers.
- Shutter.
- Return mechanism.
— Gas tube with receiver lining.
- Gas piston.
- Pushrod with spring.
— Trigger mechanism.
- The store.
- Lodges.

The carbine kit includes the accessory, sling, clips and ammo pouches. The SKS carbine is a self-loading weapon, since it is reloaded automatically, and the firing mechanism allows firing only single shots. For reloading, the energy of powder gases is used, diverted from the barrel bore to the gas piston.

The operation of the SKS carbine mechanism when fired.

When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through a hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber and sets in motion the gas piston, pusher, and with them the bolt. When moving back, the bolt opens the barrel, compresses the return spring and cocks the hammer. In this case, the cartridge case is removed from the chamber and thrown out.

Without stopping in the rear position, the bolt returns forward under the action of the return mechanism, sends the next cartridge from the magazine into the chamber and closes the barrel. The bolt is locked by the fact that the combat edge of the bolt frame rests against the combat stop, and the locking protrusion of the bolt stem holds the bolt frame in this position.