The process of creating a roof is not only the manufacture of rafters, the laying of roofing material and the installation of gutters, but also the filing of cornices. In this article, we will try to describe in detail how the roof is hemmed, and also consider how to hem the roof of the house and what materials are considered the most popular for these purposes.

With a properly completed construction of a residential building, the roof moves away from the wall at a distance of half a meter to seventy centimeters. This condition is required in order for the facade of your house to be reliably protected from precipitation - rainwater. Thus, an overhang is obtained in the roof, which is covered with roofing material from above, and hemmed from below. Hemming the roof makes it possible not only to protect against moisture - well-equipped, it will provide excellent ventilation of the under-roof space, as well as the area between the insulation and the roofing material. The air will continuously circulate, the incoming moisture will quickly erode. Accordingly, the roof structure will remain dry, and this will significantly increase its service life.

Roof filing: materials

There is a fairly wide range of materials that can be used for roofing. Sometimes for the implementation of such work, and especially in a wooden house, a wooden lining is used. This material is quite cheap and easy to install, but it has a huge disadvantage - these are low service life. Wooden lining will require periodic tinting, over time it will blacken and actively absorb moisture. Another disadvantage of lining is that it does not have the level of ventilation that is required for the roof.

A very popular solution for filing a roof is PVC lining. This type of material is quite acceptable, both in terms of cost and performance. However, for ease of installation and to create an aesthetic "appearance" of the roof, you should use special decorative "corners", also made of plastic.

Often, for filing the roof in a private house, material such as vinyl siding is also used. Meanwhile, wanting to save money, homeowners make a mistake: the fact is that initially siding is a material for the facade decoration of the walls of buildings, and when hemming the roof with it, it does not look so attractive. The appearance of the siding is also worsened by ventilation holes, which were not originally provided for in this material.

Among the budget options for the material with which the roof is filed, one can also mention galvanized metal siding. It is relatively easy to install, but does not last long, as it is subject to corrosion. Metal siding, when used on a roof, quickly develops rust spots. This is especially noticeable if you hem the roof with white or various light shades.

Today, in large construction markets, you can easily find special materials designed for filing roofing cornices - the so-called "soffits". They can be of two types - aluminum and vinyl (PVC). The size of such filing elements, as a rule, ranges from 3 to 3.5 meters, such dimensions for roofing are optimal. Soffits are:

• solid (used for roofs of verandas, gazebos, porches, etc.);
• perforated (used, as a rule, for roofs that are covered with shingles and other non-profiled materials);
• with perforation in the center (almost universal option, which has the most effective function of ventilation of the space under the roof).

Filing with spotlights: stages of work

Roof preparation, insulation work Upon completion of the installation of the rafters, during the installation of the crate for roofing material, the ends of the rafters are carefully sawn off along a line that should be strictly parallel to the wall of the house. In order to sheathe cornice overhangs, either metal profiles (such as for the installation of drywall) or boards are used as a frame. The ends of the rafters, sawn off vertically, are sewn up in the same way as the box.

Important: before hemming the roof overhangs, you need to insulate the outside walls of your house. Thus, the filing will fit snugly against the insulation material on the walls, and the heat loss of the building will become much less.

If the angle of inclination of the roof is small, soffits can be installed parallel to the walls, directly on the rafters. In this case, the angle of the filing will coincide with the angle of the slope. If the bottom plane of your roof rafters is uneven, it is important to pre-align it so that the hemming work is done efficiently. For this purpose, small pieces (trimmings) of boards can be screwed to the side parts of the rafters with screws. The size of such trimmings is at least ten centimeters in length and four centimeters in width. First we fasten the first and last boards, and then, so that the rafters become as even as possible, we stretch the thread - and we fasten the remaining boards along this line. In the place where the slopes converge, the boards are fixed on both sides of the corner rafter.

Much more often, laying spotlights along the rafters is practiced by another option. A horizontal box is arranged from the wall to the edge of the rafters. In this case, the frame for hemming cornices using spotlights will be made in the same way as in the previous version - from boards. Fastening is carried out on one side - to the bottom of the roof rafters,
One edge is fastened to the bottom of the rafters, and the other to an additional board. This board is lowered and fixed in place where the rafters converge with the wall. In the corners, the board must be laid flat - there will be a joint on which the two sides of the board will be attached. The joint runs from the corner where the slopes converge to the corner of the convergence of the walls. This allows you to create a rigid structure that will be independent of the wall of your residential building.

When doing this work, try to make the fasteners as reliable as possible: screws are often used for fixing, but in addition, you can recommend using metal plates and corners.

After the frame is ready, filing with spotlights can be started. Carry out the sheathing carefully and reliably - so that subsequently the wind does not enter the under-roof space, and also that there is no access for precipitation: snow, rain. Soffits are usually supplied with special mounting strips, which make it possible to make roof filing easier, faster and more convenient. Such slats are quickly installed using conventional wood screws.

Starting work on filing the roof of a residential building, pay attention to the following important point: the edged board that you use to equip the frame, as well as any wooden roof elements, are certainly treated with special modern compounds that provide reliable protection against fungi, mold and other negative factors, which are detrimental to the tree. Such simple measures will allow you to significantly extend the life of the entire roof and its individual elements.

This video shows in detail the process of filing with spotlights:

Choosing modern high-quality materials in order to correctly carry out the filing of the roof, you will prevent a number of problems in the future, provide good ventilation, extend the service life and, of course, make your building more attractive and more comfortable for living.

Roofing and wall cladding work usually ends with the filing of overhangs. This procedure gives the building a finished and neat appearance. A house with an unlined overhang gives the impression that it is still under construction. In this article, we will dwell on the issue of filing an overhang with the help of spotlights.

Do the overhangs need to be hemmed?

Some homeowners try to save money on almost any construction work, so they often neglect the elements that are optional in the design. Especially for such readers, we will immediately say that filing the overhang with spotlights is advisable not only from a decorative point of view.

The overhang is the part of the roof that protrudes from the wall for a certain distance. Thus, this element provides protection for the foundation and walls from precipitation. At the same time, the overhang itself does not have such strength as the rest of the roof, which rests on the wall. Without filing, a strong wind will blow directly into the roofing "pie" and the coating will take on all the load. Along with the wind, water can also enter, which definitely will not favorably affect the life of the insulation. Installing spotlights will create an airtight barrier in the way of water and wind.

An unsewn overhang is a vulnerable spot of the roof.

Another reason to hem the overhang is small animals that simply love to settle in cozy nooks and crannies at home. Such living creatures include not only birds, but also much less pleasant "neighbors", for example, mice.

What else is hemmed with overhang?

The article is devoted specifically to sheathing with vinyl spotlights, but it is worth saying a few words about the materials that can also be used for this type of work.

• Boards- the most budgetary version of the lining material. Planed or edged boards are used. When mounting on a cornice, ventilation gaps must be left. Negative features are deformations under the influence of changes in humidity, in addition, wood is prone to mold and decay, so it must first be treated with antiseptic agents.

Overhang filing with boards.

• clapboard- profiled sheathing board, there is no need to make gaps at such a board: special grilles are installed for ventilation.

Some types of coatings require the installation of ventilation
gratings for air circulation inside the roofing "pie"

Wood material for acclimatization should lie outside for a month under a canopy to minimize shrinkage and expansion.

• Decking- profiled metal sheets, can also be used for filing the overhang. They are easy to install, as they immediately cover a large area. At the same time, the material has a sufficiently large weight, which loads the structure, and requires additional ventilation.

Decking is a material that is easy to install, but heavy.

• wood boards- in most cases, moisture-resistant plywood and OSB are used for filing. The material is practical and can be attached immediately in large pieces. At the same time, the disadvantage is not a very attractive appearance, therefore, to give the overhang a neat appearance, it will need painting.
• PVC panels (vinyl)- the material is not afraid of frost, ultraviolet and moisture. Maintains an attractive appearance for a long time. Such panels are usually called vinyl. They are produced by co-extrusion and have a two-layer structure. Soffits are made from PVC for filing an overhang or siding panels, which are also used for these tasks.

Types of overhangs

In the design of the roof, two types of overhangs are distinguished: frontal and eaves.

• Frontal- part of a gable roof, which is located on the front side of the house. The front overhang has a slope corresponding to the slope of the entire roof. This place takes on serious wind loads, air currents can drive water into the roof. To prevent this from happening in these places, the roof is hemmed with sealed elements.

• Eaves overhang located on the side of the roof, has a horizontal arrangement. This overhang is important from the point of view of ventilation of the roofing "pie". The air from the bottom of the overhang must pass through the ventilation gap and exit through the outlet of the KTV (ridge point valve) or ridge. Air circulation ensures the removal of condensate, respectively, the insulation does not get wet and does not lose its thermal insulation properties. For this reason, the filing of the cornice overhang requires the installation of soffits with ventilation holes.

Scheme of ventilation of the cornice overhang through a perforated soffit.

Soffits or siding?

Often, siding is used instead of soffits for filing overhangs, let's try to figure out how these coatings differ from each other.

• Soffits are a special additional element, which is designed for filing an overhang. The part can be made of different materials (steel, PVC, aluminum), the choice usually depends on the siding material used to sheathe the walls of the house. Usually the useful area of ​​the soffit is larger than that of ordinary siding. Soffits are perforated and solid. The former are used for filing cornice overhangs, where ventilation is required, solid - for frontal ones.

Perforated soffit has holes for
air penetration into the roofing "pie".

You can read about other additional elements for siding in the article “Additional elements for installing siding”.

• Siding- panels used for cladding the walls of buildings. They are not designed specifically for filing overhangs, but due to their lower price they are often used for this purpose. True, such savings are not always advisable, since when filing cornice overhangs, you have to additionally purchase ventilation grilles and cut holes in the siding for them. It is not recommended to leave openings without gratings, as debris will fall into them, as well as birds and insects. Ventilation is not done on the front overhangs, so in these places the use of siding panels is more justified, but it will still require adjustment in size.

An ordinary siding panel does not have holes, therefore, for installation
it on the cornice overhang, additional holes will be required.

Soffit calculation

The length of the soffits usually exceeds the width of the overhang (the elements are attached from the wall to the edge of the overhang so that the mounting holes fall on the roof sheathing), so the planks will need to be cut to a specific size. To correctly calculate the total need, it is necessary to measure the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe overhang. When cutting soffits, consider auxiliary elements and a gap of 1-2 mm.

Moldings, J-bevels or two J-profiles can be used as auxiliary fasteners. The calculation of these elements is made by measuring the perimeter of the roof. When filing cornices, the number of perforated planks is calculated separately, the standard ratio is 1 to 2. The total area of ​​the ventilation holes on the spotlights should be equal to 1/150 of the ventilated volume, taking into account the existing ventilation holes.

Mounting options for spotlights with various additional elements.

Installation instructions

Soffits are mounted in two ways: horizontally and along the rafters.

• Mounting to rafters- with this method, the spotlights are in an inclined plane, the crate is fixed on the rafter legs, then the filing itself is attached to it. This installation method is used only on roofs with a slight slope.

Sheathing on rafters is made on
roofs with a slight slope, not more than 45 degrees.

• Horizontal mounting- under the overhang, a box is formed from timber and boards, which has a plane parallel to the ground. This method is preferable with a roof slope of more than 45 degrees.

Installation of spotlights on a horizontal box under the slope.

Preparation for the installation of spotlights includes cutting off all protruding truss elements. The rafters should protrude the same distance from the wall. Then, the strapping and frontal boards are nailed from the cornice overhang. From the front side - end board. Consider step-by-step instructions for attaching spotlights using two J-profiles.

Another way of plating using a J-bevel that overlaps the frontal board,
when using two J-profiles, the frontal board is covered with another soffit.

• J-profile is cut to the length of the slope. For cutting, it is more convenient to use a grinder, but a regular hacksaw is also suitable, only the process will take longer.

• J-profiles are fixed against the wall and on the edge of the cornice with self-tapping screws.

• Soffits, which are pre-cut to the desired size (taking into account the profiles and a gap of 6 mm), are installed in the profiles, first the edge against the wall is inserted into the groove.
• The soffits are screwed onto the screws to the crate. Vinyl tends to expand under the influence of temperatures, so the self-tapping screw must be tightened, leaving a distance of 1 mm from the cap to the soffit. Subsequent soffits are joined using locking elements.
• When mounting with two J-profiles, another row of spotlights is fixed on the frontal board.

Docking spotlights with the help of locking elements.

Conclusion

The filing of overhangs is necessary to protect the roofing "pie" from moisture. Soffits allow you to quickly mount a coating that goes well with a facade finished with siding. This additional element provides the necessary ventilation of the roof space.

Building yard

Soffits for filing the cornice overhang: features and installation

The arrangement of a pitched roof is always accompanied by a process such as finishing the roof eaves. These works may not seem so significant, but the further operation of the roof depends on how correctly their implementation is.

Usually, corrugated board, lining or panels specially designed for this are used as materials for sheathing cornices.

What are roof overhangs and what are they for?

A roof overhang is the surface at the bottom of the roof that protrudes beyond the walls themselves. It is needed in order to protect the walls and foundation of the house from moisture getting on them during heavy rainfall. As a rule, the width of this part varies within one meter. Building regulations allow not to file this part of the roof.

But still, it is best if the overhangs are processed, since a strong wind that enters through the holes in them can easily tear the roof off the building. In addition to the practical function, the sheathing of the overhangs also performs a decorative one, since it is always better to remove the wrong side of the roof and aesthetically process its edge.

Before you make cornices under the roof, you need to complete the construction of the roof, finish the house and install the finishing material on the cornices last.

Types of overhangs

If you look at the roof, you can see overhangs from all sides. two of them are cornice, two are gable.

Eaves overhang

This is the lower surface through which air enters the roof structure and ventilation occurs. On roofs with an attic, air passes directly there, and on mansard roofs, into the roof structure itself, where the air cavity is located. After the air passes through the entire roof, it exits through the ridge.

If the overhang is clogged with boards, then ventilation will not be carried out, but birds, mice and insects can get into the roof structure. Thus, overhangs are formed. But not close, but with a small gap for the passage of air.

Usually the issue of leaving a gap is solved by similar actions:

• Leaving a gap between the filing and the wall of the house. For filing from corrugated board, the gap is left small, from half to one centimeter. When using lining, you need to leave from a centimeter to one and a half.
• If the overhangs are made of metal, then you need to install ready-made metal gratings that are mounted on the finish.
• If the sheathing is carried out using boards, then it is necessary to leave gaps up to 1 cm between them.
• If it is decided to use soffits, then perforated material is used, which is created for ventilation purposes.

Important! The area of ​​the ventilation opening should be greater than or equal to one five hundredth of the area of ​​the roof structure. For roofs covered with bitumen, such holes make even more.

Gable overhang

This is the side part of the roof slope, which is adjacent to the walls of the house. Ventilation in the case of him is not important, the main thing here is protection from environmental influences. If there is a strong wind with rain outside, then it is necessary that the gable-type overhang does not let moisture in with the wind, as there is a risk of wetting the roof insulation, which will cease to perform its main function. That is why tightness is in the foreground when designing this part.

Sheathing methods

Roof overhangs can be designed in various ways, for example, in a perpendicular and parallel direction from the overhang. Various whole materials or their elements can also be used. Consider the methods of fastening the material:

Rafter stitching

If the roof has a slope of no more than 30 degrees and a small part of the extension, approximately 50 cm or less, then this sheathing method can be used. To begin with, a crate is formed, which is attached to the rafters, the material is already mounted on it in parallel, perpendicularly or along the end of the rafters.

Horizontal Binder

This design method is very good with a strong roof slope. To perform cladding work, you need to build a kind of box that is attached to the rafters and the wall. To quickly drain water that has fallen on the overhang, it is necessary to mount the beam on the rafters a little lower than the one that is attached to the wall.

Important! With an overhang of more than 45 centimeters, another additional one is laid between the bars.

All beams are reinforced with boards that are nailed perpendicular to the wall.

Materials for sheathing the eaves

When choosing a material for a roof cornice, you need to pay attention not only to its functional side, but also to the decorative one, since a sheathing that is inappropriate in style will look extremely unattractive.

Boarding

Boards must take only conifers and certain dimensions. The width should be at least 5 cm and not more than 25, and the thickness should be about 2 cm. In order to prevent future damage to the tree, the boards must lie under a canopy for about a month before installation. It is also necessary to carry out treatment with an antiseptic and decorative coating with varnish or paint, if necessary.

With a perpendicular arrangement of the boards, their attachment points are located on each side, in the case of a long overhang - additionally in the middle. If the board is attached parallel to the wall, then the fasteners are installed every meter. Be sure to leave a gap of about a centimeter between the boards so that the natural ventilation of the roof is carried out.

Clapboard finish

Unlike an ordinary board, lining is a material completely ready for installation and processed. Before installation, the lining must also be left under a canopy for one month. Installation is carried out in the same way as in the first case. The only exception is that you do not need to leave gaps between the elements. Special metal gratings for ventilation are then attached to the lining.

Important! Sheathing of the overhang is made only with moisture-resistant clapboard.

PVC siding trim

To finish the roof cornice with siding, only those panels that have a special moisture-resistant coating are used. In addition, you will need to purchase all additional decor elements - special finishing strips for finishing edges, corners for masking junctions, grilles for ventilation. Panels are attached perpendicular to the wall using three or four fasteners. It is better not to fasten the panels along the overhang, as they can break due to the fact that they are not very rigid, for example, like wooden boards.

Profiled sheet finishing

This material can be laid in such a way that a large area is immediately hidden. Be sure to leave small gaps of about a centimeter between the sheets of corrugated board so that the panels do not bend with temperature changes. Ventilation is carried out by installing ventilation grilles over the entire surface of the finish.

Sheet metal finishing

For the purpose of sheathing the eaves of the house, copper, aluminum or galvanized or polymer type steel can be used. The length of the sheets used can be up to 6 meters, and the thickness is from 0.6 to 0.8 cm. Ventilation can be carried out by installing additional grilles or by installing perforated sheets. Steel sheets must be treated on the cut line with special agents that prevent metal corrosion.

plywood finish

Such material for overhangs can be used, but only on condition that it is water-repellent. Plywood has rigid sheets, so it is easy to attach it, resulting in a reliable coating, but it must be painted, because it does not look very attractive without processing. Ventilation is carried out with the help of special gratings.

Soffit trim

Soffits are strips of various materials that are made for processing roof eaves. Thanks to a wide range of colors and materials, you can choose those soffit panels that will fit into the overall exterior design in appearance.

In addition, the kits have a variety of additional parts that speed up and simplify the sheathing of the cornice with your own hands. There is no particular difficulty in installation, you just need to cut the strips to size and fix them according to the existing grooves.

Additional finishing of the edge of the eaves

Any type of overhang has uncovered parts of the structure. For a cornice overhang, such elements are the ends of the rafters, and for the gable - the ends of the battens. They, as well as the overhang made, need to be designed, while protecting them from atmospheric influences.

Important! Eaves overhangs need to be decorated with gutters.

These elements can also be decorated with different materials, depending on what type of material was used. Usually, together with a set for processing the overhang itself, an edge finishing material is also offered.

Before decorating the cornice overhang, all rafters must be cut vertically at the same level. Then the ends are combined with the help of a strapping board, on which the front is attached. A gutter will be subsequently mounted on the latter.

The gable-type overhang is processed with the initial cutting of the ends of the crate that extend beyond the walls so that they are parallel to the wall. An end board is nailed to these ends. It is covered with roofing material.

Regardless of the finishing material of the lining, work on the roof begins with the lining, and not with the tiles, as many people think and do.
After installing the rafters and cutting them around the perimeter. a rough frontal board and a crate for the finishing material of the hemming are stuffed.
Hemming can be done from anything, but when you are planning an insulated roof, you need to approach the finishing material "thoughtfully" so that later it would not be excruciatingly painful for mediocrely spent money.
Which overhang to leave?
According to the Standard, at least 50 cm clean. This is the bare minimum. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account whether external wall insulation and cladding will be done, if so, then extend the overhangs to this thickening of the wall.
The higher the house, the larger the overhang should be, because its direct purpose is to protect walls, windows and foundations from water. In addition, the larger the overhang, the more respectable the house looks.
How to finish the overhangs?
Anything, even a draft board, if it doesn't matter how it will look and function.
If you take this seriously, you will notice that for these purposes there is a specialized material called Soffit. It is made from vinyl, which behaves well at sub-zero and plus temperatures. The panels are supplied with different strips, such as J, F, chamfer, finishing.
For overhangs, many components are not required, all their variety is intended mainly for sheathing the walls of the house - with siding. Siding and soffit are one material.
You can hem with a board, which many do.
According to the plank hemming, there are restrictions for warm roofs.
Those who are already familiar with warm roofs (attic) know that the under-roof space must be ventilated, and for this there must be access to air. If you decide to hem with a board, then you will need to put a lot of gratings in a horizontal plane or drill a lot of holes in the boards - choose for yourself.
Some are hemmed with plastic panels to reduce the cost, I don’t know how much cheaper it is, but I know for sure that it is not intended for external work. Plastic does not tolerate low temperatures and is not protected from UV rays, and therefore is destroyed.
You can perform a combined hemming - put it on a frontal finishing board, and hem it with a perforated soffit from below - and "the wolves are full and the sheep are safe." This is if the house is wooden and the same hemming is needed. The soffit is available in different colors and can be matched to any home decoration.
A lot of complaints about the rotating chamfer. We all know that materials expand when warm, and vinyl is no exception. To smooth this wave, there is a finishing or final or final strip - it's all the same, different names - this is to confuse us.
There is an option - to order a chamfer from metal and this is a good option, especially if the hemming is brown, and the brown chamfer is not produced. I’ll make a reservation right away that it’s not difficult to find a brown chamfer, because any niche on the market is quickly filled and some manufacturers produce a chamfer. BUT! I categorically do not advise buying it, because it fades in a couple of years in the sun, and then looks like disgusting whitish stripes.

This is not Happy End.
And, to be continued.