Where is Tskhinval in which country. South Ossetia
Tskhinval Tskhinval en 1886 Tskhinval (Tskhinvali en ossète, ცხინვალი en géorgien), anciennement Tskhinvali (transcription du géorgien), est la capitale de l Ossétie du Sud, région indépendantiste de Géorgie selon la Georgie (selon l administration ... ... Wikipédia en Français
Tskhinval - geogr. Modern (2009) Local writing option b. Tskhinvali city names ... Universal Additional Practical Dictionary I. Mostitsky
Tskhinval (Station) - Station Tskhinvali Gori Tskhinvali Transcaucasian railway Tbilisi Department Coordinates ... Wikipedia
Dzoarikau - Tskhinval - Coordinates: 43 ° 00'53.5 "s. sh. 44 ° 24'06.36 "in. d. / 43.014861 ° С. sh. 44.401767 ° C. d. ... Wikipedia
Fights for Tskhinval (2008) - Fights for Tskhinva Armed conflict in South Ossetia (2008) ... Wikipedia
Fighting for Tskhinval - South Ossetian conflict Georgian troops on the outskirts of Tskhinvala. Noon August 8, 2008 ... Wikipedia
Spartak (Football Club, Tskhinval) - This term exists and other values, see Spartak (values). Spartak full ... Wikipedia
Church of the Holy Mother of God (Tskhinval) - Check the information. It is necessary to check the accuracy of the facts and the accuracy of the information set out in this article. The discussion page should be explanations ... Wikipedia
Battle for Tskhinval - Fights for Tskhinvali South Ossetian conflict Georgian troops on the outskirts of Tskhinvali. Noon August 8, 2008 Date 7 August ... Wikipedia
March to Tskhinval (1989) - A hiking on Tskhinvali (November 23, 1989) an action, organized and headed by the leader of the Georgian nationalist movement by Zpiad Gamsakhurdia in order to assign pressure on the leadership of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region, which required ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Specnas series (set of 51 books) ,. We bring to your attention a set of 51 books of the Spetsnaz series. The authors of the series - former personnel officers who had experience in the special forces of the Russian army hiking in ... from ... to buy for 10328 rubles.
- Series "Special Forces" (a set of 44 books) ,. Chechen conflict, bloody string inscribed in history modern Russia, became the main theme Books series "Special Forces". Their heroes are struggling with drug dealers, cruel commander, ...
Guards 4 Military base in Tskhinvale is the red-known orders of Kutuzov and Suvorov Vapni-Berlin compound owned by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. This is an extremely important object for the Russian geopolitical presence in the region, created to strengthen state independence and protection of the interests of South Ossetia, as well as to strengthen friendly connections with this partially recognized republic. There are 4 military base in Tskhinvale and the village of Jawa.
History of creation
When the Georgian-Ossetian war ended in 1992, a Dagomysk Agreement was signed on the peaceful settlement of the conflict, and in accordance with this, it was necessary to create the CCM (Mixed Control Commission) with representatives of the Four Parties: North and South Ossetia, Russia and Georgia. Until 2008, mixed forces, consisting of three battalions - Ossetian, Georgian and Russian, and OSCE observers were stationed on this territory, and OSCE observers were stationed in Tskhinval.
Before the Georgian-Ossetian war of 2008, the Georgian peacekeepers who came to the joint headquarters ceased to obey him and left its territory. With the beginning of war, mixed forces could not support the world and stopped exist. After the end of the fighting, Russia recognized the Republic of South Ossetia, and, according to the contract, a permanent 4 military base in Tskhinvale was created.
This is subordinate to the connection of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Fully formed the 4th military base in Tskhinvale only in February 2009. The basis of it was served by the 693rd and 135th motorized rifle shelves And the 19th motorized rifle division. In 2010, the ministers of the defense of the two countries were signed by an agreement, in accordance with which the 4 Guards military base issued all the objects of Tskhinvala, previously formerly peacekeeping, as well as a landfill in Dzartshe, air base in Java and a joint airfield in Kurt, a military town for radar company . Payment of rent was not assumed because the use of all these objects joint. The Republic of South Ossetia agreed to the use of the base for forty-nine years. Automatic prolongation is assumed for fifteen years of periods that will follow the expiration of the first lease term.
Short description
In December 2011, V / h 66431 received diplomas of the President of the Russian Federation and the St. George Banner for excellent service. According to the number of deployed in Tskhinvale, we can talk about four thousand people, in service with which forty T-72 tanks, one hundred twenty BMP-2, thirty-six 2Sz "Acacia" (self-propelled warmness), twelve 2С12 (Sanya mortars). From the latest weapons, the base is the division of the dot-y missile complex and the Division of the RSZO "Tornado". In the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia, they are confident that the S-300 air defense system is also located on the military base in Tskhinvale, but this fact is denied in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Commanders in / h 66431 were tested by military actions for military personnel. This is Major General Alexander Valerievich Shushukin from 2009 to 2013, Colonel Mikhail Ivanovich Polashchuk from 2013 to 2016, and now commands the military part Alexander Aleksandrovich Kravtsov.
Since 2009, only the Russian servicemen came to serve in Tskhinval. South Ossetia in 2012 added their peacekeepers battalion to them, and now this unit has become the main military force of a partially recognized republic. And today, the 4th military base is one of the main guarantees of the security of these territories, this is its main military-political task.
Thus, Russia not only helps to support the independence of the republic, but also protects its strategic interests, since a very continuing world in the Caucasus now controls the city of Tskhinval.
Structure
In the composition of the military unit 66431 in Tskhinvale there are five different characteristic structures. These are primarily a few objects that remain from the activities of peacekeeping forces. All of them are located in the city of Tskhinval. South Ossetia provided the territory under the landfill in Dzarchhe, and it also is also included in the structure of the military base. There is also an air base with a military town, which are located in Java, and another separate military town, recently built, where radar company is deployed and lives. In addition, there is a airfield that Russia and South Ossetia use. On the map, all these objects, of course, will not be able to find. Moreover, even its own site has no military base.
It seems that there would be in vain waiting for the opening of such an information resource on the network. V / h 66431 (Tskhinval) - the connection is strategic, it is unlikely that some more detailed information about it will appear in public affairs. All servicemen are required to store secret data. But the most basic, where there is no military secrecy, after all, you can find on the Internet. So, everyone knows that the service of military personnel by / h 66431 (Tskhinval) is carried not only in this city, but also in Java, for the heads (including in Kanchaweti), checkpoints and tent camps. Even you can talk about the placement of units.
Dislocation
South Ossetia on the map is quite a bit of space, and even looking at the map, it can be understood that these territories are predominantly mountainous. The corresponding climate in this zone. Many snow, from time to time carrying a gathering avalanche, temperature in winter up to minus twenty degrees. Nevertheless, in these harsh conditions, the military unit 66431 South Ossetia made it possible to complete the tasks accordingly. There are many divisions in Tskhinvale. First of all - artillery. She is in the help of the RZSO - a reactive battery. In the same place, as it should be, Rab's troops with "muffles" (the troops also stand in Tskhinvale, the T-72 tanks, the company of drone (bla), air defense troops and medical company.
In Java Zenitchikov and rackets, located near the top java, as well as several other units. The main thing here is, of course, a landfill where all the servicemen are trained, who takes the military unit 66431, the teachings and tests of technology are being conducted. In Java, artillery radiotelephonists, telecommunications, motorized rifle division and engineering and improper troops are deployed.
It so happened that 4 Military Base in Tskhinvale reviews only from the already demobilized, and they do not differ specifics. However, the town of Kanchaveti is repeatedly mentioned, where the look is located. There, too, a sufficient number of units: artillery and jet batteries, mortar battery, tank division and intelligence. In addition, a fire defense department is deployed in the town of Gorka.
How to serve in Tskhinvale
The construction of a military town was completed several years ago, and now the servicemen do not enjoy new barracks. Each room for soldiers is designed to eight people, many less. Comfortable furniture and full availability. For each there is a bed, a bedside table and a wardrobe, and almost under each bed there is a socket. All new and modern. There are even kubricks with televisions, simulators and sports shells, but naturally - not all.
However, televisions are present in absolutely all household rooms as well as in the halls. Household rooms are very well equipped. Usually, if there is a standard set of ironing boards, dryers for clothes and shoes, threads, needles and other things needed in the farm, is already fine. There is even a shoe tool and hair dryers. (Shoes, you need to admit, repair almost nothing, because every six months give a new one.)
Life, leisure, food
Even the bathrooms are modern and with all imaginable amenities. Washbasins are all with mirrors, shower cabins, even equipped with shells for washing the legs. If the serviceman appears free time (What happens naturally not very often), it can be carried out with interest, pleasure and benefit in the leisure room. Here the soldier is waiting for a small library, guitar, backgammon, even a living corner in the form of aquarium with fish and a parrot. The dining room is just a huge, there can be a thousand people at the same time, and the nutrition of soldiers provide civilians - mainly from the local population or from North Ossetia.
Officers feed separately, however, on the same soldiers' menu. Which, by the way, is celebrated in all reviews - and servicemen who visited their parents - as a magnificent, very high quality and diverse. Registration of dining room pleases the eye. There, too, there is a large aquarium and TV. Officers and live separately in Kubricks in two or three people, although rooms are calculated on five. The conditions here are even more comfortable - the furniture is more, including chairs, computer tables and bookcases for books. The kitchen is separate, bathroom with bathroom and washing machine. The military unit has its own sports complex with simulators, trainings on hand-to-hand combat are being held. Athletes in the military part of a very high level - at all competitions always in the triple of the winners. For lovers, there is table tennis and billiards. Orthodox believers attend services in the chapel located in the part.
Outpost
On remote outposts, too, accommodation is quite comfortable. Not such large rooms, but the furniture is all new and in the kit. Moodovka is equipped with almost the same principle, even the mirror there. Washing and shower rooms are combined in one, this is what the local barracks differ from those built in Tskhinvale. Meals in the dining room on the same menu, in the rest room of the newspapers (always fresh), books, TV, soft sofa And chairs. Medpoints on removed outposts are separate.
We must need a huge word about the landscape of the territory. There is no dirt here, the whole space is covered with prefabricated structures, circle of urn, shops, greens. Military personnel themselves write in reviews that they even bored, demobilized, because in civil life, significantly less purity and order, including in relations to people to each other. A nutritional organization is very praised - this applies to all divisions, for the observations and in Tskhinvale itself. They write about the situation on the exercises - there is also almost always the organization at the height, there is a care for every soldier.
Pros and cons
In this military unit, judging by the reviews, the normal situation, the "grandfather" and does not smell, on the contrary - the main in the service is considered to be a mutual execution. In Tskhinval, the military unit is divorced on the dislocation on the dummy, based on the hill and on the basis. The branch of missile defense is a slide. There is much less than the authorities, but also a little less convenientness due to the distance from the city. And with the base, everything is in order - the city is near, you can, if you stroll, go shopping (although those that are in the territory of the part, even better in the sense of the range and prices).
There are no ATMs at all - neither in the most military unit, nor in the city. The most closest in Vladikavkaz. Yes, soldiers and not put bank cards, there is another financing system. There is a field institution of the Central Bank, in which every newlyworn receives a personal account, but more than two thousand in the hands are not issued. However, the statement is transferred to money in any other Russian bank, if parents take care of sending the son of details. The score in the field establishment of the Central Bank before dismissal from the rows is closed.
On the teachings, servicemen are most often in Java, but field exercises are carried out in other places. And this information should be noted by some minuses. This is, of course, climate. It has already been said that the mountains have a lot of influence on weather conditions. In the mountains, everything is much more difficult to give, almost every step. Troubles can deliver not only snow avalanches. The North and South Ossetia connects only one road that the snow is constantly falling asleep, then the stones. And if there is a way, and the weather is not set, it is not difficult to count the difficulties. Sometimes it refuses the water supply (also on weather reasons), as a result, the appearance of the laundry lice was noted several times. It was possible to overcome this attack quickly, because the purity is a guarantee of health, and the late iron is the first tool. This is perhaps the biggest test that was worried in peacetime by the military unit 66431 (Tskhinval).
Address
Letters and parcels need to be sent here in two different addresses, be sure to indicate the log of the desired division. Otherwise, any postal shipment will go as much as you like long. It should be noted that resourceful servicemen act through local residents who willingly provide such services and transmit parcels. For letters, the address is: 362006 (this is the index), Alanya (Republic of North Ossetia), Vladikavkaz-6, V / h 29202 (be sure to indicate: for military unit 66431), further the name of the military personnel and the letter of its divisions.
Parcels are sent directly to Tskhinval. Address such: 500200 (this is the main index, but used and the other - 100001), Republic of South Ossetia, the city of Tskhinval, Street Christopher Pliyev, House 47, Corpus 1, then the name of the soldier and the letter of its divisions. The difference with the indexes is: on the first of them, each mail is processed automatically, but in the second one - manually, which, naturally, more long. I will start the parcels go to the same address, but in brackets you need to specify that it is, for example, Kanchaweti. All shipments are international, and therefore are drawn up on the hostage with customs fees and a declaration in three copies. If mail employees are denying the existence of such a country, they need to make an argument that the agreement in South Ossetia was accepted.
Literaries
- A - 1st motorized rifle battalion;
- B - 2nd motorized rifle battalion;
- M - 3rd motorized rifle battalion and compendent platoon;
- D - 1st artillery division and on (platoon of management);
- E - 2nd Artillery Division;
- Well - Signs;
- And - Zenitchiki, RLD RTR, RLD platoon (NGO);
- K - intelligence;
- L - tankers;
- M - rocket divisions;
- N - military orchestra and snipers;
- P - Rota Mat. provision;
- P - engineering and sapper company;
- C - Rota Rab;
- T - platoon RHR, flamethrower company;
- Y - company doctors;
- F - repair company;
- W - Utok, SFSPS;
- Yu - firefighters, instructors;
- X - Rota Bla.
Phones of the call servicemen can use purely on the weekend, it happens that the means of communication with the soldiers are removed. During trips and exercises, naturally, servicemen are not available. If the "muffler" works, the connection is impossible. Parents: For entry to South Ossetia, the passport is not needed. The local population, Russian knows, is friendly. You can go by train to Vladikavkaz or aircraft. Next - by bus that are departed from the bus station as it is filling. Because these are minibuses, wait long to wait.
Administrative, economic, cultural, etc. The center of the tiny territory, on its own existing already twenty years, but recognized only four years ago, and then quite few.
A quarter of a century ago it was the Jewish-Georgian-Armenian-Ossetian Tskhinvali - the capital of the South Ossetian Autonomous Region as part of Soviet Georgia; cozy, but no outstanding city \u200b\u200bof rural type On the expanses of a huge power.
Now, in a new life, it is twice the post-war, almost completely Ossetian Tskhinval, strongly destroyed, but still not lost comfort. The only city is or a separate republic, or the Russian Protectorate, whether the Transcaucasian part of the Unified Ossetia as part of Russia.
1.
Tskhinval. Entry from the south-eastern side, in Goryan (or how is it now called?) Highway. On the right behind the scenes - the Zgudensky Hill, in the distance directly - the post-war microdistrict Moscow. Entry sign I. orthodox cross On the side of the road - also post-war. September 2012.
Tskhinvaltsy call their city Chrona- as a family member, where everyone, like a lot where in the Caucasus, besides the "passport" name there are homework, which is known only to close.
Chrona - The city is simple, in a rustic ineffective, not rich, but not greedy and open for guests. It cannot be different - the cause of this and two wars, and not to a lesser extent the nature of the Tskhinvaltsev themselves: Live, overcome the difficulty and remain a person.
In Tskhinval, everyone knows everyone - if not directly, then through relatives, friends or neighbors. Remember even those who have long left for "Greater Earth", Vladikavkaz, and appears in the hometown once a year on a promise. Maybe therefore the Tskhinvalians are not typical of the total mistrust - it is not good to snack in the stalls and small stores can be borrowed, and the money to take the money in the evening or the next morning. Here it is in the order of things.
The names of the streets - often in the Soviet, and not in modern version - There are more in the heads of the inhabitants than on the signs and signs. The latter are small, but extremely colorful. You can talk about them for a long time, but it's easier to show - the flavor will immediately catch the eye.))
2.
In today's Tskhinval, three-language Soviet signs are already raboy. I remember very much that there were more them. At this artifact, the Georgian inscription was uprooted
after the war of 2008
, only Ossetian and Russian remained. September 2012.
3.
After the war on 08.08.08. Plates with the names of the streets began to write only in Ossetian and Russian.
Three quarters of the residential foundation make up private sector - one-and two-storey houses made of yellowish bricks, exactly like in close, but unattainable from here burn.
4.
Gori, Street in the area of \u200b\u200bthe bus station. September-2011.
5.
Typical Tskhinvalskaya street. September 2012.
In every such house - the patched gates, vineyards and huge stocks of homemade wine. His paturo-sweet fragrance is the same "business card" of the city, like the smell of hot boat in a small bazaar or fir-tree trees In the square in theatrical square.
6.
Costa Hetagurova Square near theatrical square. September 2012.
The Visual Tskhinval will be associated with a stunningly bold balcony self-container in apartment buildings ...
7.
At the junction of Tskhinval with a satellite of Gudjabar. September 2012.
And especially with new roofs of sheet iron. Bright burgundy or duplicated blue, they are equally well visible on semi-bodied bumps somewhere at the reservoir, and on new post-war cottages in the Moscow microdistrict. Colored roofs as time tags appeared after August-2008, when Russia gradually began to restore the city.
8.
It seems on the street Gafez in the southern part of the city. (In the background - PRESSIONSHIP heights, from 7 and 10 August Georgian army led Art Makers Tskhinval.) September-2012.
You can add to the list of the same asphalt - the one that did not kill the Georgian soldiers, but Russian public utilities. Immediately after the war, it was decided to change the road surface all over the city, but in the end it turned out as always - the money was successfully "mastered", and the new asphalt on most streets did not appear. Over the past four years, Tskhinvalskaya dust for South Ossetia has become the same commonplace as the rains for Ireland, was able for Peshawara or flying polyethylene packages for the Ethiopian-Somali border.
9.
Pedestrian part on Isak Harebov Street. September 2012.
10.
Alan Alan Gioeva, who is indigenous Tskhinvaltsy in the old manner called Lenin's name. September 2012.
However, now in all areas of Tskhinval goes present Repair, approximately as in Grozny, six years ago (naturally, with amendment to the size of cities and their status).
11.
Terrible six-year old ago.
Similar and moods: as in Chechnya of the year, Stark 2006, in today's South Ossetia, they understand that the work is still a nepper, but most importantly - to move a dead point - already done .
12.
By )
Tskhinvali (C software)
Etymology
Regarding etymology of the city name, there are several versions: one of the assumptions, the name of the city comes from Alane sinzh / Sich "Quarter, settlement" and waal "Upper, Supreme", that is, "High Respressure" [ ], Among the carnetwomen is a common version of origin from Svan or Georgian (cargo. ქრცხინვალი (Krtshinvali , Kzhinvali )) Toponym, literally meaning "Land of Grabov". In Russian-speaking sources, until the first half of the 20th century was called Tskhinval .
In 1961 he was renamed Tskhinvali. .
Russian state media, President Dmitry Medvedev, President and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, others officers And in Russian official documents, including the Decrees of the President of Russia, to the military conflict August 2008, in accordance with the "Instructions for the Transfer of Ossetian Geographical Names" of 1969 (used until now), the name was used Tskhinvali.. August 26, 2008, in his statement, President Dmitry Medvedev has already used the name Tskhinval . In the fall of Rosreestr in coordination with the Russian Foreign Ministry, officially ordered to use the name for the city of Tskhinvali Tskhinval, the remaining settlements of South Ossetia at the same time have retained in Russian applicable to Russian Federation, old (Soviet) names.
Population
| Population size | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1886 | 1897 | 1939 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 |
| 3832 | ↗ 3963 | ↗ 13 810 | ↗ 21 641 | ↗ 30 311 | ↗ 34 794 | ↗ 42 934 |
| 2012 | 2015 | |||||
| ↘ 28 664 | ↗ 30 432 | |||||
| person. | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Ossetians | 28712 | 94,35 % |
| Georgians | 535 | 1,76 % |
| Russians | 479 | 1,57 % |
| Armenians | 339 | 1,11 % |
| Ukrainians | 75 | 0,25 % |
| Azerbaijanis | 42 | 0,14 % |
| Tajiks | 33 | 0,11 % |
| Greek | 21 | 0,07 % |
| Belorus | 9 | 0,03 % |
| Abkhaza | 8 | 0,03 % |
| did not specify | 87 | 0,29 % |
| others | 92 | 0,30 % |
| total | 30432 | 100,00 % |
History
The surroundings of modern Tskhinvala were inhabited in the bronze age. Found settlements and archaeological artifacts of that time are unique, since they reflect the influence of both Iberian (Eastern Georgia) and Kolkhida (Western Georgia) crops, with possible Sarmatian elements.
At the beginning of the XVIII century, Tskhinval was a small "tsarist city", inhabited mainly by monastic fortresses. After the entry of the Kartil-Kakhetian kingdom (1801), Tskhinval is a settlement (consistently) in Georgian (up to 1840), Georgian-Imeretin (up to 1846) and Tiflis provinces.
Located on the trading path, which connected the North Caucasus with Tiflis and Gori, Tskhinval was gradually turned into a shopping center with a mixed Jewish-Gruzinsko -Rechno-Seta population.
In 1918-1920, there were clashes between the Georgian People's Guard and the pro-Bolshevik Ossetian peasants. The Soviet government was established by the Red Army in March 1921, and a year later, in 1922, Tskhinval became the capital as part of the Georgian SSR. Later, the population of the city becomes mainly Ossetian due to the intensive urbanization and the Soviet rooting policies, which caused an influx of Ossetians to Tskhinval from nearby rural areas.
As of 1955, there were three libraries in the city, a dramatic theater, a music school, a typography, a local history museum. From 1935 to the present in the city operates (now - South Ossetian state University them. A. A. Tibilova).
In 1959, Ossetians were already the majority of the population of Tskhinval. The city became the main industrial center of the JU JSC, with sawmills, mills and factories. According to the USSR Census of 1989, the population of Tskhinval was 42,934 people.
After the Sochi Treaty from 1992 to 2004, peacetime came, but in 2004 the situation in the region began to sharpen again (see the aggravation of Georgian-Ossetian relations (2004)).
Military conflict in August 2008
Until August 2008, 30 thousand people lived in the city. On the eve of the events of August 2008, from 2 to 8 August, a mass evacuation of the population was carried out. On the night of August 8 (approx. 00.15 MSK) Georgian troops subjected to the city of fire from jet plants "Grad", and about 03.30 Moscow time began the storming of the city with the use of tanks. The city was never taken by Georgian armed Forces. According to the authorities of South Ossetia, at the storming of Tskhinval and neighboring villages killed 1492 in the republic. As of August 20, 2008, the Investigative Committee at the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation was reliably aware of 133 dead residents. From August 12, refugee return began.
According to the former mayor of Tskhinval, Robert Gulieva, in the city, as a result of the attack of the Georgian troops, is damaged about 80% of buildings: "The city, in addition to the mortar and artillery shelling, was subjected to shelling several times from Grad systems. As a result, 80% of the city residential foundation have damage to roofing aspects, as for residential premises - this is at least 60% damaged, they can be attributed to almost the entire southern outskirts of the city, and almost the entire private sector has significant damage. " Deputy Minister of Regional Development of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Blank reported that every tenth building in the city is not subject to recovery, and 20% have been damaged to varying degrees. The results of analyzing satellite photographs revealed 5% of destroyed or damaged houses. According to the Ambassador of Russia in Georgia Vyacheslav Kovalenko, "Tskhinvali cities no longer exist. It is simply not. He is destroyed by Georgian military. "
Restoration
For some time, in the North and South Ossetia, the question of the possible transfer of the city was discussed at the informal level, but this idea did not receive a real embodiment.
By agreement with South Ossetia, the Russian building department of the Su-155 in late August 2008 was allocated 60 hectares for the construction of a new microdistrict. During the year, the construction of about 80,000 was planned square meters housing.
During the battle, the Agar-Tskhinval gas pipeline was damaged, which comes from Georgia. On August 26, 2009, the Dzoarikau - Tskhinval gas pipeline was launched, which is directly from Russia to South Ossetia.
There was a damaged water supply of the city along the water dining of the URIS-Tskhinval.
August 31, 2009 there was a solemn opening of the new Moscow microdistrict, erected for money allocated from the budget of the city of Moscow. This fact caused resentment by Tbilisi, since the microdistrict was erected on the spot burned in August 2008 by the Georgian village of Tamarasheni. In response, in the midst of South Ossetia, they recalled that the construction was carried out on the territory of the former village, where the vineyards were previously located, and not residential buildings.
sights
In the city there were monuments of architecture:
Jewish quarter
The Jewish Quarter is one of the most picturesque parts of the old Tskhinvala, where artisans and merchants lived with middle ages - ethnic Jews. In 1922, the Jews accounted for 36.3% of the city's population.
With the beginning of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict in 1991, most Jews were forced to leave the city with Georgian refugees. In the course of combat operations in 1992, the construction in the Jewish quarter, including the local synagogue suffered seriously. In August 2008, as a result of art printing, the quarter was subjected to significant destruction. The former Economic Counselor of the President of the Russian Federation Andrei Illarionov, who visited the ruins of the Jewish Quarter in October 2008, said that this part of the city impressed him a long-abandoned place. According to the observations of Illarionov, shrubs and trees grow up to several meters high in the middle of the ruins.
Education
Sport
Economy
Medicine
- Republican clinical hospital
- Infectious diseases Hospital,
- Children's Republican Hospital
- Tskhinvalskaya urban polyclinic,
- Republican maternity hospital.
Culture
media
Transport
Railway communication has ceased with the beginning of the first Georgian-Ossetian conflict in the early 1990s.
Despite the small population (46 thousand lives. In 1989), in the city of Tskhinvali, on June 25, 1982, the trolley buses movement on one route: "Textile factory - station - Heroes Square." In December 1990, the movement of trolley buses was stopped.
In modern Tskhinvale, there is a bus service (once every 10-15 minutes) and a taxi service. The rolling stock of the city bus is represented by second-hand LIAZ-5256 machines, which were presented by Russia after the 2008 war and previously worked in the Moscow region. All routes of urban, intercity and international bus report are serviced by the RSUE "Automobile Transportation of South Ossetia".
Embassy of the countries of the world
Cities-twigrics
Notes
- According to the jurisdiction of a partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia
- According to the jurisdiction of Georgia
- This settlement is located on the territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Region, which is controversial. According to the administrative-territorial division of Georgia, the disputed territory ("Tskhinvali region") is divided between Akhalgorsky, Goriysky, Java, Karelian, Oni and Sachger municipalities. In fact, the controversial territory occupies a partially recognized state of the Republic of South Ossetia.
- The welcoming word of the head of the administration of Quchinval
- Results of the general census of the population of the Republic of South Ossetia 2015 / Responsible for the release: I. R. Tibilov, T. V. Bazaev, R. R. Zasseeva, M. E. Pukheva, A. V. Siuukayev, M. H. Ghotmazov. - Tskhinval: Management of State Statistics of the Republic of South Ossetia, 2016. - 452 p. Archived on July 10, 2017.
- . GL ed. B. A. Vvedensky, 2nd ed. T. 40. Sokarka - stylish. 1957. 648 p., Ill. and cards; 45 liters ill. and cards.
- Constitution of the Republic of South Ossetia - Article 3
- Take part in the vote: Are you behind Tskhinvali or Tskhinval?
- Tskhinvali. - article from the dictionary of geographical names
- Georgia in the second half of the XVIII century (Soviet card)
- The history of the kingdom of Georgian, Vakhushti Bagrationi. Taken from the site vostlit.info, checks 24.08.2008
- Imperial archaeological society (Russia). Eastern branch. Proceedings of the Eastern Department of the Imperial Archaeological Society. - V Typography of the expedition of the preparation of state securities, 1864. - P. 311.
- Nikolai Fedorovich Dubrovin. Transcaucasia from 1803-1806. - St. Petersburg. - 1866. - P. 363.
- / Foci Cartographic Zedeniya A. Ilina. - St. Petersburg. : Typography Benk and Gaberman, 1871. - S. 19.
- 1886 - Rudnev D. - Album Trips of Seversky Regiment from the city of Vladikavkaz, through the main ridge of the Caucasian Mountains, in Gori and back
- Works of St. Petersburg Society of natural resources. - SPb .. - 1897. - p. 352.
- Big Allian Desktop Atlas Marx / E. Yu. Petri, Yu. M. Shokalsky. - 2nd. - St. Petersburg. : Identia T-Va A. F. Marx, 1910. - P. 15.
- Jugheli V. Heavy cross. Note of the People's Guardian. - Tiflis, 1920. - P. 229.
- Administrative division of Georgia as of the end of the XIX century (Soviet card)
- Map with titles as of 1914
- New world. - M.: Publishing House of the Council of Workers of the USSR, 1931. - S. 115.
- Decree No. 2 of the All-Russian Central Executive C Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars Soc. owls. rep. Georgia on the formation of the autonomous region of South Ossetia
- Card ZSFSR. 1928 year
- Map of the Georgian USSR. 1939 year.
- Zamira Dmitrievna Tshovrebova - Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. South Ossetian Research Institute. Toponymy South Ossetia in written sources. - Tbilisi: Mesnerieb, 1979. - P. 150. - 183 p.
- Kostagurov Costa Ivanovich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 tons] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov
- Tskhinvali // Big Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 tons] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- South Ossetian Autonomous Region // Big Soviet Encyclopedia: [In 30 tons] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Mikhail Nikolaevich Tikhomirov - Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Archaeographic Commission. Archaeographic yearbook. - M.: Publisher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1962. - P. 417.
- Boris Aleksandrovich Kaloev - North Ossetian Research Institute of History, Philology and Economics. Ossetians through the eyes of Russian and foreign travelers, the XIII-XIX centuries. - Ordzhonikidze: North Ossetian Book Publishing House, 1967. - P. 309. - 318 p.
- A. A. Anshba - Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR. Abkhaz Institute of Language, Literature and History. D. I. Gulia. Questions of poetics of the Abkhaz Nart Epos. - Tbilisi: Metsnerba, 1970. - p. 35. - 113 p.
- Soviet ethnography / Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of Ethnography named after N. N. Miklukho-Maclay. - M.: Publisher of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1976. - P. 132.
- Republic of South Ossetia
- Written interview to the Mexican publisher Mario Vasquez Rania
- Transcript of the Internet Conference of the President of Russia
- Decree "On awarding state awards of the Russian Federation"
- Rosreestr about the name of some settlements in Abkhazia and South Ossetia
- Statement of the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev
- Code of statistics on the population of the Transcaucasian region of the region extracted from the post-case lists of 1886. - Tiflis: Type. I. Martirosian, 1893. - XV ,,, 52 s. : Tab.; 26 See with.
Another insomnia. Throw here in the ribbon of all sorts of battles in the city in which you were, and about the root tanks that you saw, and then you are lying, and in the ceiling up to five in the morning you stick. And, most importantly, it threw smoking! Not on time as, but.
Okay. Everyone needs to look for positive parties. For example, I will deal with a bunch of photos brought by a half-month ago from Tskhinval and who did not reach their hands at all.
It is interesting to compare the city as I saw it then and now. Although, in truth, I did not notice a special difference.
In general, the city has not changed much. But at the same time has changed. And in my opinion, not in best side. To say that in Tskhinval, nothing is built would be not true. Still, something is built, there are many places, even well, but the first thing that rushes into the eyes and amazes is almost the complete absence of passage roads. Moreover is surprising, because Tskhinval even during the war was remembered by a decent asphalt coating. Now the streets are divided into smaring. Where I remember a good asphalt - now holes, pits, puddles, dirt. During the rains, the city becomes low. 
And here and there on the sidewalks are welded piles of sand, crushed stone and plaster. Reconstruction goes, people are built, but ... it is difficult to describe, but the main sensation from the city is not a reconstruction, in general, the main thing.
Structures are adjacent to abandoned ruins. It seems that their nobody to restore nor to demolish it. So stick out there and here. Also a lot.
Loise. My grandfather had this. By the way, a plane car. Besides amphibian
Well, the trophies, of course. How without them. Repair shop here, as far as I understand. Everyone is spinning as it can.
It seems that I have never seen a single hatch in the city. They are now used as garbage disposal.
I do not know what kind of building. City center
Well, somehow it looks like the whole city
Street leading to the university. Left station
But the plastic new building from time to time comes across
Elections
Shard Scherbin in the city is still fully. Where are the thirty yards (or how much?) Distributed by Russia to restore the city rubles - main question The most recent homeless in Tskhinvale.
Ditch, they say, dug out a year ago. Pipes put without checking. When turned on, scored from all the cracks. Remote. Result, I think, will be similar - water still not in many houses, if not in half the city
But some stadium here built
And school siding abundantly.
It was:
It became:
University
It was:
On the example of the university, by the way, you can see the degree of degradation of the road surface.
It became:
Posters. Some separate topic. I understand that it just happened, but I can't notice. During the war, the final paragraph of the JU from Georgia under the Protectorate of Russia, in South Ossetia there was a year of Transnistria:
After the war, during the Great drank dough together with the figures from Russia:
Effective state itself
The area of \u200b\u200bthree baked tanks. Crossing the street Privokzal and Moscow
It was:
It became:
Houses have shtched, the road in full ass
The tower of a ramkenev beat the tank from an explosion of ammunition flew off, struck the visor at home meters in twenty-five and stuck in the barrel in the step. It was:
It became:
As we can see, only the punched visor cut off. Otherwise everything remains as it is
I thought that the monument was wanted to make it. In my opinion, it would be just fine. Nothing more do not need. But, judging by the conversations, it is simply not needed in FIG. In any case, no one confirmed my idea about the monument. Yes, and the garbage around also says not in favor of the monument.
The most remarkable for me is that for three years no one has taken even a hatch. Even on scrap metal. And I know people who for the tower of the hatch from the tank, hit by personally by Barankevich, would be tons of kilobacam. To hang it on the wall. And if you are with a suspectory - dozens of kilobaks.
I would be a cynical bastard, it would be necessary to take away and sold:
All the most necessary - buckles and shape. Two in one
Moscow street. Now - peacemakers
It was:
It became:
This is the same street, where the headquarters of peacekeepers were located. Now the peacekeepers in South Ossetia are no more, the regular army came to their place. The Earth is given to the border troops of the FSB RF for rent for 99 years. Now there is a huge border management
It was:
It became:
The most centered construction in the city is proof, across the street. A military town for officers is being built here. The scale of construction is impressive - tile and plastic, gearbox made of yellow liqueous bricks, carved grille. According to the form - the office center that would not be dismissed Moscow. Military Assurance Russia clearly does not regret. In general, the Tskhinval looks too much. He is too much, too pathetic and too expensive.
I do not know, here the grid with the vensels can be seen, no? Inspires to be honest. Left, too, can be seen, still at home, the territory is more
The biggest puddle, by the way, too here
Here the street on which Zhorik lives
Well, something is built
But in general, somehow like this:
Zhorik House:
From my reporting of three-year limitations:
"The house is more or less intact. True, without windows and doors, it breaks the fragments, but did not collapse. Although Zhorik does not live in it, the nesting of the neighbor's nesting through the street - there is a basement.
The neighbor only had a basement and remained. Two rockets: one into the courtyard, the second exactly in the house. In the courtyard burned down a dozen, in the house still smolders - the heat from the ceiling wocks the nostrils, as in a good sauna, flexs to the ground. In the light of the lighters go down the steps.
Basement - so, not a basement, storage room. Small and small. Everyone was forced by banks with compote - wealth by local standards. There is nothing more: neither water, no light, no products. People eat only the humanitarian, which is brought as volunteers - everyone who goes to Tskhinval, loads the car by means and opportunities - and the Russian army.
Worst without water. The pipeline will be interrupted in the gorge and water flows from it with a smooth powerful waterfall. Cold water, tasty ... I want to drink already.
Between the cans of Topchan with a mattress per person, a table and a candle.
- Good evening, "He greets.
- Yes, what he is kind ... that they ended, bastards. The whole city is to smithereens.
The owner is an elderly man of sixty. Intelligent. In Russian speaks freely and competently, unlike young people. And without Mata.
Offer to stay, but I still decide to go to look for peacekeepers. I give Zhorik money - take the gasoline you will need to refuel. He does not take. But it can be seen that the togang to tears, in my opinion, now even pays. I leave money on a bench and leaving, promising that if I don't find anyone, I will return ... "
The house of the neighbor as it was and remained:
I found me and Zhorik himself.
It was:
"... I catching Zhorik on a stolen medical" tablet "without windshield:
- In Tskhinval?
Nods.
- Through the forest?
Nods.
- East?
Shrugs.
Talking man, say nothing. Moved along the bypass gamble road. Here it is called for some reason "through the forest", although it goes in the mountains. The road is the usual carpentry, the tanks are very much in flour. All this small suspension posts up from under the wheels and brings through the knocked glass right into the salon. Eyes, mouth, nose, ears are immediately clogged with centimeter dust plug.
Here we are already going almost in complete loneliness. Places wild and who hurts here is unknown. This morning - ten hours ago - here, on the same road, burned the battalion column of the 58th army. Wounded five journalists.
At one of the turns, almost crashed into another felling from the slope "Bahu". Again an abandoned technique on the roads. And crews on pebbles.
Zhorik, fifty years old. The machine on the knees, the face is gloomy, in the bodies of the clothes. For the whole road did not say ten words. He drives as maybe, you have to have time to darkness. What he sees in dust is not clear. Kamikaze features. I love these.
In the cabin - wrapped in the bedspread TV.
- TV is why you why?
- Where am I Him Dena?
All your wear with you, in general.
Two with a machine gun goes on the road and ordered to stop. Somehow too well equipped for militia - those are more and more in ordinary camouflage or slides, and at these armorings, helmets, unloading, plastic flakes.
I look at Zhorik.
- Everything is fine. Our..."
It became:
Now Zhorik is working as a carcochnik. I found it in the garage, in the pit under the "UAZ". Smoked. Shook. But did not interfere with the work. Agreed to meet in the evening, but, as it happens, never met already.
He aged
NDA ... "All those who were dear to you in last Life..."
And I knew that man just a few hours.
And here you are.
For life now.
Okay. Continue the theme of hatches
But life in the city is still
Score
Posters such as such, by the way, in the city a lot. People remember. Attitude towards Russia as a whole grateful.
However, let's not lie. One hatch in the republic is still available. At this place I remembered the Pristina. There, too, there was bewilderment about the solubility of thirty yards. True, in their case there was bucks. But if in Tskhinvale put the gilded monument to Putin, as Albanians did in Pristina with Clinton, the similarity will be complete.
Well, too, too
By the way, Kokoity, contrary to the Constitution, became the national leader and heads the party "Unity", having a majority in parliament. Deja-vu, yes?
Heroes street.
It was:
It became:
Hotel "Alanya". It was:
Evacuation refugees.
It became. I did not notice a special difference, honestly. Even plastered not completely. There is no water, no heating, but the number is worth a thousand sheets of rubles.