Buzina - a useful plant of the family of adox class of dietary plants. Back in the 70s of the 20th century, this shrub was attributed to the family of exhaust, but in 2003 the classification of APG II was published, where the bouquer breeding, as well as Kalins, were assigned to the adox family.

Belun (Sambucus) includes four dozen species of various plants. It is found in moderate climatic belts of Europe and Asia, North Africa, Australia. Everywhere comes across in Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, in the south-east of Russia. It grows most often as the middle tier of vegetation in deciduous and coniferous forests, on the edges, along the roads, quickly grow up, forming dense thickets. Bузина Humanity has been known for many centuries, the mention of it is found in the writings of Pliny (the 1st century of our era).

Description of elder

Elderberry black in landscape design photo What does black elderberry look like

Buzina, most often a bush or a low tree - from 2 to 10 m height. In the genus there are also grassy plants, for example, "elderberry elder". However, we will pay more attention to elderfish black, as the most sought-after representative of the family of elderly.

Black elderber - a perennial rigid plant. Thin branches, thin. Young stems have a green color, but, an adult, acquire characteristic gray, covered with small "scales". The leaves consist of the unpaired number of long serrated leaflets, the total length of the sheet can reach 30 cm.

Bruzina blooms at the end of May. Large, more than 20 cm in diameter, plane inflorescences' flaps consist of white or light beige flowers at 0.8 cm. Fragrance of elderberry flowering is strong, nearly suffocating. At the end of the summer, fruits ripen - brush black berries with bones. The berries themselves are small, less centimeter. Inside - a reddish flesh.

Buzina fast-growing plant, and even very useful, so attention will be paid to not only landing, care and formation, but also its useful properties, as well as situations where it can be dangerous.

How and when to plant a bezin

Place a bezin better from the northern or eastern sides of the site. Take into account that young branches have a very sharp, specific smell that scares insects, so the elder is not planted near the houses, and they have near toilets, sheds, compost pits. If you want to put near the terrace where people are periodically, the lack of mosquitoes will be a pleasant bonus. In general, the plant is not particularly demanding, but a thick shadow or very acidic soil will be addicted to its development.

An experienced gardener knows that it is necessary to smell the soil with the mind, and for elderber - a couple of years before planting plants. And beginners are suggested: the limestation of the soil is carried out by adding dolomite flour into it (today the most popular remedy for soil crystal). The optimal pH for elderberry - 6 -6.5.

When planting this shrub, give preference to one or two-year seedlings, choose a bright place for it and, as usual, in the spring or autumn, put.

For the landing, the pit hardened in advance, it will still need:

• humus - bucket;
• phosphates - 50 g;
• potash fertilizers - 30g.

In the pit (80 cm depth, width 50cm) we fall asleep the mixture of the listed components and the upper, fertile layer of the Earth (it is necessary to take care of the hole in the pit). We use somewhere two thirds and leave to relax for a month. Already during the planting seedling, the mixture in the pit is exploded, deepening a seedling, sprinkle the roots of the soil from the pit, and then to the end of the remaining third.

As a result, the root cervical neck for several centimeters should be higher than the level of the site, however, after the coupling and watering (bucket or or a half), the sapling will see and will be on the same level with the rest of the soil.

Most often, the cultural emers are grown as a bush, and if someone wants to grow with a tree, then it is necessary to think about the support and during the landing to touch the corresponding column, and to him after taking a seedlove.

Single care for elder

Spring

The thrust trees are released from the insulation of the insulation near the trunks, from the leaves and other garbage, which accumulated in the wells. If the winter was honest, and the spring is dry, then spring watering should be conducted.

Carefully consider bush. If there is damage from rodents or bad weather, then process them with a solution of mangartee and seal the garden water. As soon as the bright spring sun appears, there is a chance of a tree to get a burn, because the bark of the tree is heated during the day, and at night cool down, right up to frosts. Such drops are clearly not good to the tree. To prevent damage to the trees of lime, thick enough, so that a noticeable layer remains on the crust.

• Before the start of the socket, swing the elder. The bush is well amenable to formation. By nature, the shape of the bush is oval, not sprawling, if desired, you can leave such a form or form it to your taste.
• In the spring it is necessary to remove dried and frnit branches, remove the stems directed inside the bush, it is advisable to get rid of somewhere from the quarter of old branches.
• Be sure to cut the root piglery. After, the sections are sealed with a garden boiler, and a bush is treated with bordeaux liquid or nitrophen, prophylactically from pests, which managed to fall in a crust or in foliage near the bush.

Summer

Buzin grows very quickly, especially if it is created to create favorable conditions:

• timely watering;
• fighting pests and diseases;
• loosening of the soil around the trunk;
• mulching of the priority circle;
• additional food.

After the flowering period, it is necessary to spray from pests and diseases. Again, carefully remove the root piglery, and then you breathe a little, and it will run the main bush or, even worse, starts to crawl down the site. To prevent such expansion, you can protect the root system of elderly, inserting to a half-meter to half a meter, for example, a slope piece.

The end of summer can bring the first harvest of berries. And the rainy summer can bring re-growth of shoots. What about the fact that with the other we know what to do.

Fall

Autumn - it is time to collect harvest and preparation for winter.

We collect a crop, cook the jam, jam, wearing the berries. The bush itself is preparing for wintering:

• we carry out the "sanitary" trimming (end of September);
• pumping planting wells, make fertilizers, mulch the soil (end of September);
• if you plan to plant a bezen in the fall, then the last week of September is suitable for the spray pit;
• if the autumn is dry, then it is necessary to pour a bush before winter;
• processing of plants from winter pests (October);
• teaches hawed lime (october).

Let's talk in more detail about the processing of elder. If there are no visible pests or diseases, then preventive processing is still mandatory per year. You can use such drugs:

• bordeaux liquid;
• Nitrophen (3% solution);
• copper cune (1% solution);
• urea (7% solution) is relevant in spring, because it will also be a nitric fertilizer.

The time of the first procedure is early spring, before the commencement of the vegetation, and the second is autumn, after the leaf fall.

Buzina will ask for watering only in a very dry summer

then you have to pour up to two buckets under the bush a week. If summer with a normal level of precipitation, yes you have also clicked the rolling circle, then sometimes to brag soil under the bush, the weeds will be quite enough. For young seedlings, of course, you need a more scrupulous care - and watering, and loosening, but it is temporary until the elder is strengthened.

If the soil is fertile, and even under a bush mulch from compost or overwhelmed manure, then the elder do not need ease. On poorer soils, it is not superfluous to nitrogen fertilizers. Popular organic fertilizers can be used: Nipped, chicken litter. Complete mineral fertilizers are suitable. Fertilizers contribute in spring time.

• Caring for the garden and the barroom includes a mandatory trimming of trees and shrubs.
• When landing a bezen, its shoots are shortened to 10 cm on a strong outdoor kidney.
• The same procedure is carried out once every three years to rejuvenate the bush, called trimming under the stump.
• Rules of spring trim are described above.
• Autumn trim is aimed at removing branches damaged by the wind or harvest.

It should be noted that the elderberry is used in a park culture as a plant for a living hedge, so trimming tolerates easily, allows you to create various forms.

If you use bezen fruits, remember that the richest 2-3-year-old branches are the richest berries, and after the sixth year, the harvest is not worth waiting for such a branch.

Burst breeding

There are vegetative and seed types of reproduction.

Cultivation of elderberry seeds

To multiply the seeds of emers. It makes sense only if you have acquired varietal seeds in a specialized store, since the seeds collected from the tree do not save parental signs and will grow just a dick.

• Buzina seedlings can be obtained from seeds, seeding them in February-March to containers with nutritional soil or finished soil.
• Remember that in the bottom of the landing capacity there must be holes for water supply.
• Seed seeds need a shallow, no more than 1-1.5 cm. The distance between the seeds is 4-5 cm, but better if you get into separate glasses.
• We water and cover the film.
• We carry out before the appearance of germs 1 time per day, after the shelter is removed.
• When the seedlings are growing a little, they are transplanted into more spacious containers by transshipment.

Only the strengthened seedlings plant in the soil in the spring how to multiply a elderberry photo

It will be possible to plant plants into the ground only for the next year in the spring when they are fixed enough. Having gained strength for the summer, they will be able to prepare for wintering.

Nevertheless, most often the elder is breeding vegetatively:

• grains;
• cuttings;
• dividing bush.

Reproduction with chains - Popular way due to 100% of the result. The young branch is adjusted to the ground, pre-sitting in the groove of manure, cheer, leaving the end of escape from above. For greater confidence, you can press the branch to the ground with metal hooks. At the base, the escape is dragging the wire.

• If such a procedure is done with the onset of sustainable heat, applying the widespread escape, then in the fall, the root escape can already be separated from the maternal bush and transplant to a new place.
• With green shoots are easier, they do not need to be tied up at the base, and it is necessary to decode for the next year when they are widelled.
• Such shoots and fix it is not particularly necessary, they are very soft, that is, they have a fit and the next season have planting material.

How to propagate elderberry stalks

Under chewing The planting material are sliced \u200b\u200bparts of the green escape length of up to 25 cm. The prerequisite is the presence of 2-3 intersals and two paired leaves. We process the bottom of the cutting stimulant to the growth of the root system and plant in the mixture of sand and peat under the tilt. True, the best cutlets will be a young escape, torn off from the branch with the "heel", because it will be there a rapid formation of roots.

• Cuttings need to create greenhouse conditions (you can cover with a high package of plastic, a can or part of a five-liter plastic eggplant).
• We support the high humidity for the first week: from the fine spray gun spray the air in the "greenhouse", you should not fall on the leaves, as it will cause their posting.
• If you put the cuttings at the beginning of summer, then the roots and the plant can already be transplanted at a permanent place.

About receipt of elderberries from cuttings, landing and leaving will tell the video:

When there is a goal - to get an adult plant immediately, you can split elderber bushes. In the fall, dug the elderly, destroy or saw the root to make the equivalent parts with branches and a good root. The resulting bushes must be immediately planted. You can make it in advance prepared pits or in containers for wintering, and transplant to permanent place in the spring. Most often, this is done when redeveloping a plot or flower garden.

Pests and diseases of elder

No exotic diseases of the elder is amazed. From the pests most often announcing the TLL. There is just one carbofosic treatment. You can meet a buzzin tailed spine, a elder-leaf tick or a elderous mining fly. Carbofos or Decis will also help against these insects, just already sprayed twice.

Consider popular varieties and types of eases with photos and descriptions.

Elderberry black varieties and photos

Bузина is black (Latin Sambucus Nigra) - a plant that is mainly devoted to this article, is associated with the village, simplicity, maybe with a grandmother in a motley dress. This plant can go to the move: Flowers, leaves, bark, berries.

Based on this shrub, many loved decorative forms are derived.

Marginat - the leaves have a silver border along the edge, the bush can be about 2.5 m in height, develops very quickly;

Bully Black Madonna Board and Care Photo Sambucus Nigra 'Madonna'

Bezina blue

Pretty high tree, often about 15 m, is a resident of the floodplains and mountain slopes of North America. A shrub shape with thin branches and young shoots of a raspberry shade is found. The trunk at the tree and shrub is yellowish-beige, and the leaves have a bluish pan. The sheet is 5-7 naked long leaves 6-15 cm long.

Flowers are small, white with a yellow or beige bowel, are collected in inflorescences up to 15 cm, have a characteristic fragrance. In September, fruits ripen - berries of iscin-black, diameter in half acetimeter. On the berries of the elderberry berries there is a SIZY raid, because of what it seems really blue. Prefers warmer latitudes, as it does not differ in frost resistance.

Buzina Sibirskaya

This subspecies of red elderberries is more resistant to frosts, so it grows in Siberia, in the East, European Russia. Favorite places - mixed or coniferous forests, highlands. Bузина Sibirskaya - a lush shrub in a height of up to 4 m. It is also called the elderber of red for the color of berries, which ripen, by the way, in late July - early August. Berries in the spine condition are edible, but not use popularity. But immature fruits cause cutting in the stomach, nausea, cramps, headaches, can lead to a fatal outcome.

Buzina grassy

This is a perennial grassy plant with reprehensive stems reaching a height of 1.5 m. The people are called a bezin wild or elderly, for a sharp smell of colors. In the wild, she is the inhabitant of forests, edges, understanding, mountain slopes of the middle strip of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus. The leaves are placed on long stiffs and consist of 9-11 narrow serrated leaves. Flowers are collected in inflorescences, upright, white or pinkished colors.

Elderberry elderberry fruits are black shiny busty, very attractive in appearance and are easily accessible to children. It is necessary to be careful, because all parts of elderberry poisonous elders (contain sinyl acid). Some literature describes the use of these berries for making emphasis and other alcoholic beverages, this is a controversial question. Here, if you frown a bezine clearance, it will score of harmful butterflies and the budding tick. But there is a minus - this plant has a strong creeping stem, so it will be problematic with a bezoon from the curragen. During the drying of flowers, the unpleasant smell disappears and they are shrinking apples for storage.

Buzina Canadian

Native places for her are rich soils of North America. This plant was loved by the polls due to their wonderful decorativeness. Indeed: a large, up to 30 cm characteristic of a elderberry sheet, magnificent white inflorescences umbrellas reaching 25 cm in diameter, dark bard fruit brushes, besides edible. We will add more resistance to the climate of the middle strip.

Several decorative forms can be noted:

• maxim - is characterized by power;
• akutibol - on the contrary, gentle, with cetroleum foliage;
• chlorocamp - in the foliage there is a yellow shade, and the berries are green;
• aurea - green leaves are only in the summer, and in the fall and spring - yellow.

Buzina Zibold

Eastern belly belly red. Natural halo - Japan, Curiles, Far East. In Europe, a cultural form is grown - a powerful plant (wood or bush) with a height of up to 8 m has large leaves (20x6 cm). Inflorescences are loose, busy, large.

Fluffy elderberry

He got its name due to the fact that young shoots are published. North America is considered homeland. Cultural varieties are a four-meter shrub. In May, the color of the inflorescence is white, sometimes with a yellow tint, sometimes with pink. Fruits - red berries with a bone - ripen in July.

You can mark forms on another coloring fruit:

• xanthocarpa - yellow-orange fruits;
• leucocarpa - white fruits.

Application of elders and precautions

Black elderber - a wonderful plant, each part of it can be used. And not in vain.

We give a list of useful substances that are contained in this plant:

• in the leaves - organic acids (apple, valerian, acetic, chlorogenic, coffee), carotene (provitamin A, as in carrots), tannins (eliminate the influence of microorganisms), choline (vitamin B4), vitamin C (0.28%) and etc;
• in flowers - essential oils, valerian, apple and coffee-acid, choline, rutin, and so on;
• in berries - also carotene, malic acid, in addition - ascorbic acid, sugar, fructose and glucose, resin and coloring substances;
• in Kore - choline, phytosterol (cholesterol neutralizer), essential oil.

The leaves are used in fresh form as a compress for burns, furunculaes, cuts. Pre-sheet need to displesh. The leaves have an antipyretic, stiff, diuretic action, as well as a light laxative action.

There is a rustic agent for the treatment of chronic constipation. To cook it, you need to boil young shoots in honey, cool, merge and take "elder honey" inside.

From fresh colors you can cook tea with the addition of lemongrass, mint

Please the skin tonic from fresh flowers of elderly. It is preparing simply: 10 inflorescences are poured with half-liters of steep boiling water, they insist for a day, focusing and stored in the refrigerator.

Sticks or baths from the bark of elderly helps with arthritis, rheumatism, gout. The decoction is recommended for diseases of the skin and kidneys.

In the season, stock hostesses make blanks. The most widely applicable inflorescences and fruits. Flowers need to dry, carefully observing the rules of the drying, as they are very susceptible to high humidity.

It is recommended to collect flowers in a dry clear day after lunch ...

as possible to cut the rough roots, dry in a natural way or in electric drying, not exceeding the temperature of 35˚. Dry raw materials wipe through plastic sieve, rude parts throw out, ready-made dry flowers to store 2, a maximum of 3 years. Analogically, we do with a berry, only the shelf life of dried berries is reduced to six months.

It is worth remembering about the cold, because it is the decoction that has antibacterial and swelling properties. Make a decoction simply: at the rate of 1 tablespoon of flowers poured with a glass of steep boiling water and left on a minor fire a quarter of an hour. Then you need to cool, strain and drink three times a day at half a glass.
The decoction of all parts of the elder is used to regulate the metabolism. Dry flowers are shrinking apples laid on storage.

Buzina near man has been many centuries

Latin name Bosnes Sambus Sambucus. One of the versions of the origin of this name is from the name of the ancient Iranian sambuy tool, which was made of elderly.

Our ancestors found many applications of this plant. One of them is based on bezen fruit coloring. The juice believed fabrics: cotton, linen, cannabis and silk. A black color was obtained, and when mixed with the alum went out blue. Securing the juice of elderberry with vinegar, the ink was obtained. Rustic girls ink injuries with berries juice.

Fruits and flowers for cooking

For example, out of fresh flowers, lemon juice, zest and water after fermentation, a lightweight refreshing drink was obtained. From the rapted berries drove vodka. Also, Buzin is one of the ingredients of the famous Italian sambuka liqueur. The accurate recipe for its cooking is kept secret, but the homework is offered to make a drink themselves and the composition of it includes dried bezen flowers in black.

In the villages of the spring, the first greenery was rejoiced, therefore we made salads from different young plants, including the salads added young elder shoots. If you want to experiment, so to speak to the origins, then you note that young ease shoots have a laxative and diuretic effect.

From the berries of black elderberry made jam

The recipe is simple: a centimeter layer of berries was shown by a sugar layer and so several layers (per 1 kg of berries 1 kg of sugar); Let us stand up, cook for 15 minutes and pour into sterile banks.

In times, when there were respectful plants, even a reverest attitude towards elderly. It was believed that a bush of elders who had grown on the cour of the Kuste Buzina independently, and before a sudden meeting with this plant, the peasants filmed a hat. This respect is not idle.

Another Hippocrates believed that the elder was able to cure from a dozen disease. And Cyckerot (doctor of the 18th century) recommended each mistress to have houses dried bezin flowers and jumped in case of cold or disease kidney and bladder.

Prepare from berries and young wine

You need a three-liter juice bank and a glass of sugar or honey. The bank is tightly cleaned and the gases are made through the water castle. Friction is produced in a warm place, without access of sunlight. At the end, the wine is bottled, creaps and stored in a horizontal position in the cellar.

Already in the 21st century, Bузине remembered again. It turns out that its use has positive results in the treatment of cancer and diabetes. The vitamins of the group in the berries are collected in solely correct proportions for the person.

You can still talk about the beneficial properties of this usual eye of the plant, but there is also contraindications. The most basic is the individual intolerance to the components that are part of. Therefore, it is necessary to use with small doses, carefully listening to the body. For sure, the elder should not be taken in one form or another pregnant and lactating women, people with Crohn's disease, chronic stomach diseases.

Danger Most often make up other eases, such as the red elderber, whose berries can be confused with elderberry. Here is the recommendation one: if you are not sure what this plant is, it is better not to use it.